JP2019197732A - Microwave irradiation device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a microwave irradiation device which can be used for a multipurpose and a microwave irradiation method using the device.SOLUTION: A microwave irradiation device comprises: a heating pot; and a distillation part. The heating pot comprises: an irradiation window to which a wave guide pipe is connected; a heating container; a connection shaft arranged at a bottom of the heating container; a driving device that makes the connection shaft to rotate; and a lid of the heating container. The connection shaft can detachable switch a plurality of different attachments to mount. The distillation part comprises: a capacitor connected by the heating pot and the pipe; a separation liquid container connected by the capacitor and a pipe (16); a cooler that cools the pipe; a distillation water collection container connected by the separation liquid container and a pipe (17); and a decompression device connected by the distillation water collection container and a pipe (18). The separation liquid container and the distillation water collection container are a container physically separated from the water collection container, and the cooler suppresses excitation of an aroma component and/or a low-boiling component passing through from the container to the separation liquid container.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a microwave irradiation apparatus and method, for example, a microwave irradiation apparatus and method used for drying, distillation, extraction, and blanching of agricultural products.

  It is well known that a microwave has a chemical reaction promoting effect different from that of the conventional heating method, and such an effect is called a microwave effect, a microwave electric field effect, or a non-thermal effect. Applications of microwaves are wide ranging from organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, ceramics, medicine, agriculture, etc. For example, in drying and distillation of agricultural products, the cell wall is crushed from the inside by internal heating of microwaves, so that drying efficiency and usefulness are useful. It is known that it is excellent in terms of component extraction.

  Various microwave chemical reaction devices have also been proposed, and the applicant also irradiates microwaves in Patent Document 1 from a microwave irradiation window provided in the chemical reaction vessel while controlling the output according to the temperature of the reaction solution. In addition to the means for heating the reaction solution, a means for forcibly cooling the reaction solution externally has a jacket covering the lower part from the body of the chemical reaction vessel and capable of forcibly circulating the liquid medium. We proposed a microwave chemical reactor that enabled precise control of reaction temperature by cooling.

  There are two types of microwave irradiation through the microwave transmitting material: air irradiation method and liquid irradiation method. From the viewpoint of heating efficiency, the liquid irradiation method in which microwaves are directly irradiated to the object to be heated is better. It is said that In addition, since the microwave is directly irradiated to the object to be heated in the submerged irradiation method, there is an advantageous effect that high-power microwave energy is prevented from directly acting on metal parts such as a thermocouple and a stirring shaft. There is a case. This is because, when the microwave enters the dielectric, the strength is suddenly weakened by changing to heat, so that the action on the metal parts in the liquid is extremely limited. For example, in the case of water at 25 ° C., it is known that the depth until the microwave power density, which is called the half-power depth, is halved, is only 1.3 cm.

  The applicant, in Patent Document 2, has a tubular container having an irradiation part made of a microwave transmitting material irradiated with microwaves from a waveguide, and a partition plate disposed at a predetermined interval on the stirring shaft, And / or a partition member configured to partition the tubular container at a predetermined interval, and a flow of one or more objects to be heated positioned between the partition members, which are configured by partition plates disposed on the inner wall of the tubular container at a predetermined interval. A stirring blade (stirring blade) that generates mixing in a direction opposite to the direction is provided, and includes a stirring shaft that passes through the tubular container, and a microwave heating unit, and an object to be heated that flows in the tubular container, A microwave chemical reactor was proposed in which microwave heating was performed while stirring with a stirring blade (stirring blade).

  As a concentration and collection device that concentrates and collects various components contained in exhaled air in large quantities, a cooling container that contains a refrigerant, and an exhaled air that is inserted into the refrigerant contained in the cooling container and formed at one end A collecting tube having an inlet, an exhalation outlet formed at the other end, and a dripping port formed at the lowermost portion; and a collection bottle detachably connected to the dripping port of the collecting tube, A cold trap type concentration collection device having a collection portion bent so that the collection tube is spirally lowered toward the dropping port is known (Patent Document 3).

Japanese Patent No. 4145335 Japanese Patent No. 5016984 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-103974

  Conventionally, microwave irradiation equipment can be distilled / extracted but cannot be dried, or can be dried in slurry form, but cannot be dried while maintaining the three-dimensional shape of vegetables, etc., only blanching Only devices that are specialized for a specific function, such as devices that cannot be used, are provided.

  However, it is expensive to prepare a plurality of microwave irradiation apparatuses according to the application, and there is a problem of installation space. Then, an object of this invention is to provide the microwave irradiation apparatus which can be used for many uses, and the microwave irradiation method using the said apparatus.

  Further, in the heating by microwave irradiation, the object to be irradiated may be burned no matter how care is taken. If even a little scorching occurs on the irradiated object, the smell of scorching will be transferred to water and essential oil components containing fragrance components, making it no longer usable as a product. Another object of the present invention is to provide a microwave irradiation apparatus and a microwave irradiation method using the apparatus that can solve the problem of burning.

The inventor made it possible to provide a microwave irradiation apparatus and method that can be used for many purposes by making it possible to change the internal structure of the kettle according to the properties of the object. According to this, it becomes possible to dry without burning, using the selective heating of microwaves, for example, leaving a shape as it is even with a large vegetable.
That is, the present invention comprises the following technical means.

[1] A microwave irradiation apparatus including a heating kettle, a waveguide connected to the heating kettle, a microwave oscillator, and a distillation unit, and the heating kettle is connected to the waveguide An irradiation window, a heating container, a connection shaft disposed on the bottom of the heating container, a driving device for rotating the connection shaft, and a lid of the heating container, wherein the connection shaft includes a plurality of different mutually The attachment can be detachably switched and mounted, and the distillation section cools the condenser connected by the heating kettle and the pipe, the separator container connected by the condenser and the pipe (16), and the pipe (16). And a distilled water recovery container connected to the separation container and the pipe (17), and a decompression device connected to the distilled water recovery container and the pipe (18), the separation container and the distilled water. The recovery container is a physically separated container, and the cooler , Microwave irradiation apparatus characterized by suppressing the volatilization of fragrance components and / or low-boiling components passing to said separatory container from the condenser.
[2] The microwave irradiation device according to [1], wherein the plurality of attachments include a stirring blade and a rotating disk.
[3] The microwave irradiation apparatus according to [2], further including a drying shelf on which an object to be irradiated can be placed, which can be installed on a rotating disk.

[4] The microwave irradiation apparatus according to [2] or [3], further including a dry basket that can be placed on a turntable and into which an object to be irradiated is charged.
[5] The microwave irradiation apparatus according to [4], further including a lid attachment that covers an exposed surface of the irradiation object and can be attached to an upper portion of the dry basket.
[6] The microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the connection shaft is disposed at a bottom center of the heating container.
[7] Any one of [1] to [6], wherein the liquid separation container has a cooling function to suppress volatilization of the scent component and / or the low boiling point component in the liquid separation container. The microwave irradiation apparatus of description.
[8] A low temperature trap is disposed between the distilled water recovery container and the decompression device, and the low temperature trap is mixed in distilled water of the distilled water recovery container, and a scent component volatilized from the distilled water and / or The microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein low-boiling components are recovered.

[9] A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the separation heater is 1/10 to 20 times the dry weight of an object to be heated. A method for irradiating an object to be irradiated by irradiating the microwave for a predetermined time in a state where a liquid that absorbs the microwave is disposed separately from the object to be heated.
[10] A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to [5], wherein the exposed surface of the object to be irradiated in the heating pot is covered with a cover member, and the microwave is irradiated for a predetermined time. The microwave irradiation method characterized by drying an irradiation thing.

[11] A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein an object to be irradiated in the heating pot is irradiated with microwaves for a predetermined time, A microwave irradiation method comprising obtaining water containing an extract in the distilled water recovery container by condensing a component vaporized from an irradiated substance by a condenser and separating the condensed substance in the separation container.
[12] A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to [8], wherein an object to be irradiated in the heating pot is irradiated with microwaves for a predetermined time, and a component evaporated from the object to be irradiated is irradiated with the microwave. The condensed water is condensed by a condenser and separated in the liquid separation container to obtain water containing the extract in the distilled water recovery container, and the scent component and / or the low boiling point component is recovered in the low temperature trap. Microwave irradiation method.
[13] The irradiated object in the heating kettle is selected from the group consisting of citrus peel, citrus residue, vegetables, root vegetables, fruits and tree leaves [9] to [12] The microwave irradiation method according to any one of the above.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the microwave irradiation apparatus which can be used for many uses can be provided by making it possible to change the internal structure of a hook according to the property of a target object.
Moreover, according to the structure provided with the member which covers the exposed surface of a to-be-irradiated object, it becomes possible to prevent the microwave from being biased and to prevent burning due to scattering of the to-be-irradiated object that may occur during drying.
Moreover, according to the structure which arrange | positions the liquid which absorbs a microwave, the problem of a burning is solved and it becomes possible to perform more uniform drying than before.
Furthermore, according to the structure provided with the distillation part, the low boiling point component which has been removed conventionally can be recovered.

It is a block diagram of the microwave irradiation system which concerns on the example of 1st embodiment with which the stirring blade was mounted | worn. It is the (a) side view and (b) top view of the heating container which concern on the example of embodiment. It is a side view of the heating container which showed the connection aspect of a stirring blade and a connection shaft, Comprising: (a) is a side view of the state which mounted | wore the stirring blade with the connection shaft, (b) is a stirring blade from a connection shaft. It is a side view of the state which isolate | separated. It is a side view of the heating container showing the connection mode between the turntable and the connection shaft, (a) is a side view of the state where the turntable is mounted on the connection shaft, (b) is a view from the connection shaft. It is a side view of the state which isolate | separated. It is a side view of the heating container provided with a rotation shelf, (a) is a side view of the state which mounted | wore with the turntable and the rotation shelf, (b) is a side view of the state which isolate | separated the turntable and the rotation shelf. is there. It is a graph which shows the measurement result at the time of heating a tomato to a nearly absolutely dry state in the state which has arrange | positioned predetermined amount of water in a heating container. It is a block diagram of the microwave irradiation system which concerns on the example of 2nd embodiment.

  Hereinafter, a microwave irradiation system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. The microwave irradiation system according to the embodiment includes a distillation function, an extraction function, a drying function, and a blanching function. Each of these functions can be performed not only independently but also simultaneously or sequentially. For example, it is disclosed to obtain a dried product while performing distillation, perform blanching and then perform drying as it is.

<< First Embodiment >>
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a microwave irradiation system 1 according to the first embodiment to which a stirring blade 21 is attached. The microwave irradiation system 1 includes an irradiation unit A and a distillation unit B. The irradiation unit A includes a heating pot 10 in which a reaction object is stored, a driving device 22 that rotates the stirring blade 21, a microwave oscillator 31 that supplies microwaves to the heating pot 10, and the heating pot 10 and the microwave. And a waveguide 32 connected to the oscillator 31. The distillation section B includes a condenser 41, a chiller 42, a jacketed liquid separation container 43, a distilled water recovery container 44, a cold trap 45, and a vacuum pump 46.

<Irradiation part A>
The heating pot 10 includes a heating container 11 and a lid 12 for the heating container. Each of the heating container 11 and the lid 12 has a flange portion, and is fixed by narrowing both opposing flange portions. The heating kettle 10 has, for example, a capacity of several liters to several hundred liters (the minimum capacity is the amount of liquid that hides the central fixing knob of the stirring blade, and the maximum capacity is 2/3 of the capacity of the kettle if the liquid level rise during stirring is taken into account. In some cases, a plurality of heating kettles are connected and used. During drying, distillation, extraction, and blanching, it is preferable to reduce the pressure in the heating kettle in order to increase the vaporization efficiency. The heating kettle 10 is used, for example, under a reduced pressure of 0.1 kPa to atmospheric pressure, preferably 2 kPa to atmospheric pressure, more preferably 10 kPa to 20 kPa, and the internal temperature is, for example, 150 ° C. at the maximum.
A piping provided with a drain valve 13 and a driving device 22 are connected to the heating container 11. The drive device 22 is, for example, a motor, and rotates the stirring blade 21 via the connection shaft 23. The configuration of the stirring blade 21 and the connecting shaft 23 will be described later.

The lid 12 is connected to a pipe 32 provided with a waveguide 32, an air release valve 14, and a pipe 15 communicating with the capacitor 41. The air release valve 14 functions as a pressure relief valve (vent), but is not an essential configuration.
It is preferable to provide an irradiation window (not shown) made of a microwave transmissive material that does not absorb microwaves in the opening of the lid 12 to which the waveguide 32 is connected. This irradiation window can be made of, for example, quartz, ceramics, Teflon (registered trademark), or the like. The connection position of the waveguide 32 is not limited to the space irradiation mode shown in the figure, and may be irradiated in liquid. A plurality of waveguides 32 may be provided, and space irradiation and submerged irradiation may be combined.
The end of the waveguide 32 opposite to the lid 12 is connected to the microwave oscillator 31. The output of the microwave oscillator 31 is, for example, 0.1 kW to 3.0 kW / L.

Drawing 2 is a (a) side view and (b) top view of a heating container concerning an example of an embodiment.
A connecting shaft 23 is provided at the center of the bottom of the heating container 11. As shown in FIG. 2B, the connecting shaft 23 has a substantially square shape when viewed from above, and a screw hole is provided at the center of the square. The connecting shaft 23 is a member for attaching an attachment for rearranging the internal structure of the heating pot 10, and in the embodiment, the stirring blade 21 and the rotating disk 27 are mounted according to the application. On the dish-shaped rotating disk 27, a basket 29 is placed depending on the application, or the second and subsequent rotating shelves (33, 34) are installed.

  The microwave irradiation system according to the embodiment can be used for, for example, drying, distillation, extraction, and blanching of agricultural products. Specifically, by attaching a stirring blade to extract bamboo antibacterial agent, orange and other citrus fruits (Yuzu, Daidai, mandarin, Iyokan, Sudachi) and flowers (citrus flowers, roses, Extract essential oils from lavender flowers and leaves, ginger, perilla, produce fruit liquor and olive cores, dry and blanch crops. Citrus peel, vegetables, root vegetables, fruits, tree leaves, for example, asparagus, broccoli, boysenberry, gold carrot, tomato, leek, aloe, potato, sweet potato, ginenjo, pepper, parsley, spinach , Ginger, bamboo leaves, mulberry leaves, bamboo leaves, bamboo leaves, etc., can be dried and blanched, and equipped with a turntable and second and subsequent turn shelves Small amount Rukoto-mix, in particular strawberries, dry-blanching fruits shapes such as peaches must not collapse can be at once.

(Stirring blade)
FIG. 3 is a side view of the heating container showing a connection mode between the stirring blade 21 and the connection shaft 23, and FIG. 3A is a side view of the state where the stirring blade 21 is attached to the connection shaft 23. ) Is a side view of the state in which the stirring blade 21 is separated from the connection shaft 23.
The stirring blade 21 is attached to the connecting shaft 21 as shown in FIG. The connecting shaft 23 serves as a rotating shaft that transmits the driving force from the driving device 22 to the stirring blade 21. The drive device 22 can adjust the rotation speed. The stirring blade 21 can solve the problem of uneven heating that occurs when the irradiated object is a liquid.

  The stirring blade 21 includes a cap portion having a recess and a through hole at the center of the two blades, and is composed of, for example, SUS whose surface is coated with Teflon (registered trademark). The stirring blade 21 is fixed by fitting the concave portion of the cap portion to the connection shaft 23 and screwing the fixing knob 24 through the through hole of the cap portion. The fixing knob 24 and the cover fixing screw 26 function as a discharge preventing material, and are made of, for example, SUS whose surface is coated with Teflon (registered trademark). Since discharge may occur when the portion in contact with the irradiated object is exposed, discharge is prevented by covering the stirring blades and the like. The effect of the stirring blade 21 was confirmed by the following experimental example.

(Experimental example 1)
If the enzyme remains in the dried product, the enzyme works in the drying process and the storage process, and deterioration such as discoloration occurs. Therefore, the irradiated object is dried after irradiating the irradiated object with a high-power microwave in a short time to inactivate the enzyme by rapid heating.
In this experimental example, after pulverized vegetables such as broccoli and asparagus are directly put into the heating kettle 10 and the stirring blade 21 is rotated, the heated object is rapidly heated to 75 ° C. or higher, and then 40 to 40- When it was kept at 60 ° C. and dried, it was confirmed that it could be dried uniformly without causing deterioration such as discoloration and discharge. In addition, the liquid which absorbs microwaves, such as water, was not arrange | positioned at the heating pot 10. As shown in FIG.

(Rotating board)
FIG. 4 is a side view of the heating container showing a connection mode between the turntable 27 and the connection shaft 23, and (a) is a side view of the state in which the turntable 27 is attached to the connection shaft 23. ) Is a side view of the state in which the rotating disk 27 is separated from the connection shaft 23.
As shown in FIG. 4, a dish-shaped rotating disk 27 can be attached to the connecting shaft 23. The turntable 27 plays the role of a turn shelf for placing a basket 29 into which an object to be irradiated is placed. The dish part of the turntable 27 is made of a microwave transmissive material such as Teflon (registered trademark) or polypropylene. The turntable 27 includes a recess having a through hole at the center thereof. The turntable 27 is fixed by fitting the recess to the connecting shaft 23 and screwing the turntable fixing screw 28 through the through hole of the recess. During microwave irradiation, the turntable 27 is rotated at a desired speed.
The cage 29 has a structure in which a large number of holes through which moisture passes but does not pass through the irradiated object, and is made of a material made of a microwave permeable material. The basket 29 is made of, for example, a hydrophobic polymer resin that does not easily absorb microwaves, such as Teflon (registered trademark) or polypropylene (it does not have to be a completely transparent material, but heat resistance of at least 100 ° C. is required). Composed.

(Cover member)
At the time of microwave irradiation, it is preferable to cover the upper surface of the irradiated object put in the cage 29 with the cover member 30. The cover member 30 is a structure that shields or absorbs part of the microwave, and examples thereof include cloth, mesh, and plate. The mesh coarseness is preferably 0.5 mm or less, and it is preferable to make the mesh finer (for example, 0.3 mm or less) so that it can be shielded to some extent even when the irradiated object is scattered. Cotton, cellulose, polyester, etc., which absorb microwaves to some extent, are exemplified as preferred mesh materials. As the material of the plate, wood, PET, polycarbonate, acrylic resin or the like that absorbs microwaves to some extent can be used, and is adjusted from a thickness of about 1 mm according to the transmission rate (strength) of microwaves.

The cover member 30 is also effective in the continuous process of the branching process → the drying process by the present system. For example, it is disclosed that fruits such as strawberries are put in a basket 29, the surface is covered with a cover member 30 such as cloth, blanched, and then dried under reduced pressure.
The cover member 30 may have a lid structure (lid attachment) that can be attached to the cage 29. By installing the cover member 30, it is possible to perform heating more uniformly than in the past by preventing the uneven contact of the microwaves. ) Can be prevented. In particular, it is effective for drying an object to be irradiated containing salt. The effect of the cover member 30 was confirmed by the following experimental example.

(Experimental example 2)
In drying tomatoes, when heated without shielding, only the surface of the tomato became hot and the surface was burnt, whereas the cover was covered with a cotton cloth to prevent the burnt surface. . However, when 100% microwave output was applied with the moisture content lowered, scorching occurred, and when 50% microwave output was applied, 80% water was removed without scoring.
When drying salted tomatoes without heating, the rapidly heated tomatoes are scattered in the heating kettle by bumping, and the scattered tomatoes are further heated, scorching the basket 29 made of polymer resin, and smoke. There has occurred.

(Moisturizing liquid)
When drying the irradiation object, it is preferable to dispose a liquid (moisturizing liquid) that absorbs microwaves such as water in the heating container 11. If the amount of the moisturizing liquid disposed in the heating container 11 is too small, it will cause scorching, and if it is too much, it will cause drying to slow down. Therefore, the amount of the moisturizing liquid disposed in the heating container 11 is preferably 1/10 to 20 times, more preferably 1/2 to 10 times the dry weight of the object to be heated. More preferably, it is set to 5 times.
Moreover, when drying a to-be-irradiated object, it is preferable to reduce irradiation output according to the amount of outflow moisture. For example, it is disclosed that the irradiation output is 1 kW / kg to 0.2 kW / kg with respect to the amount of water in the irradiated object.
The moisturizing liquid is also effective in a continuous process of branching process → dry process by the present system. For example, it is disclosed that a fruit such as persimmon is placed in a basket 29, a moisturizing liquid is placed in the heating container 11, blanched, and then dried under reduced pressure.

(Experimental example 3)
About 500 g of crops such as tomato, boysenberry, and strawberry were heated in a microwave with a μ reactor Ex manufactured by Shikoku Keiki Kogyo Co., Ltd. until the weight reached about 200 g. The object to be irradiated was placed on a net-like table with foot (made of Teflon (registered trademark) or polypropylene) and stored in a storage container. As the storage container, a separable container with a lid made of Pyrex (registered trademark) glass was used. A moisturizing container containing 100 g of water was placed at the bottom of the heating kettle, and the microwave was irradiated for about 30 minutes until the water content in the sample decreased by 50 to 70 g while reducing the output. At this time, the reduction amount of the water in the moisturizing container was 15 to 20 g, and the decreasing ratio of the water in the sample and the water in the moisturizing container was about 7: 3. By replenishing the water in the moisturizing container and continuing to dry, about 85% of the water in the sample could be removed without scorching the sample, but the decreasing rate of the water in the moisturizing container gradually increased. . Final drying was performed with a low-temperature dryer.
By passing through the above steps, uniform drying could be realized without causing burning of the above-mentioned crops.

(Experimental example 4)
584 g of tomato was heated in a microwave with a μ reactor Ex manufactured by Shikoku Keiki Kogyo Co., Ltd. until the weight reached 29.5 g. As in Experimental Example 3, the tomato was placed on a net-like table with a foot (made of Teflon (registered trademark) or polypropylene) and stored in a Pyrex (registered trademark) glass storage container. The drying time was 5 hours and 30 minutes, and 100 g of water was added under the table at the end of 2 hours. After 3 hours had elapsed, the amount of water added every 30 minutes was measured, and the process of adding 100 g of water again was repeated until 5 hours and 30 minutes had elapsed. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
By going through the above steps, the untreated tomatoes could be dried without scorching until it was almost completely dry (residual moisture 0.6%).

(Experimental example 5)
About 35 kg of leeks were heated directly in the microwave to evaporate about 50-60% of the water in the leeks. At this time, the outflow rate of water was 4 kg / hr. This leek was put in a basket, and a moisturizing container filled with water was placed in the bottom of the heating kettle and drying was continued. As a result, the leek could be dried to 7.7 kg without burning. Finally, it was dried with a low-temperature dryer, and the weight of the onion became 2.9 kg.
By passing through the above steps, uniform drying could be realized without causing burning of the onion.

(Rotating shelf)
FIG. 5 is a side view of the heating container 11 having a rotating shelf, where (a) is a side view of the state where the rotating disk 27 and the rotating racks 33 and 34 are mounted, and (b) It is a side view of the state which isolate | separated the rotation shelf 33,34.
As shown in FIG. 5, dish-shaped rotating shelves 33 and 34 can be placed on the rotating disk 27 for use. The rotating shelves 33 and 34 according to the embodiment are only loaded on the rotating disk 27 and are not fixed.
The rotary shelves 33 and 34 include a dish part and a leg part. The dish portion may have a container structure without holes, or a monkey structure with a large number of holes that do not allow the irradiated object to pass through. The leg part supports the dish part and is used for fixing to the lower stage. The dish part is made of a microwave transmissive material such as Teflon (registered trademark) or polypropylene. The upper part of the leg part is made of a microwave transmissive insulator such as SUS304 and the lower part thereof such as Teflon (registered trademark). The reason why the lower part of the leg is made of an insulator is that there is a possibility of discharge.

<Distillation part B>
The distillation part B is used for extraction of essential oil components and recovery of water containing the extract. For example, moisture and essential oil are vaporized from citrus residues, and the vaporized moisture and essential oil are cooled and extracted as a condensed liquid. Citrus includes Yuzu, Daidai, mandarin orange, Iyokan and Sudachi. The water obtained in the process of extracting essential oil components from citrus fruits contains fragrance components, water-soluble low-boiling components and the like, and this is used as water containing the extract. Similarly, extract-containing water, vegetables, root vegetables, fruits, tree leaves, for example, asparagus, broccoli, boysenberry, gold carrot, tomato, leek, aloe, potato, sweet potato, ginenjo, green pepper, parsley , Spinach, ginger, bamboo leaves, mulberry leaves, bamboo leaves, bamboo leaves, strawberries and peaches. However, since an essential oil component cannot be obtained from these, water containing a dry matter and an extract becomes a main product.

The condenser 41 communicates with the heating kettle 10 through a pipe 15, and communicates with a jacketed separator container 43 through the pipe 16, and a desired condensate flows into the separator container 43. The condenser 41 and the liquid separation container 43 are connected to a pipe through which the refrigerant from the chiller 42 circulates. A pipe 17 communicating with the distilled water container 44 is connected to the lower part of the separation container 43, and the water containing the extract flows into the distilled water container 44. When the object to be irradiated is citrus, oily distilled water containing an alcoholic essential oil component (for example, distilled water containing 0.1 to 1% of the essential oil component) flows into the distilled water container 44.
The distilled water container 44 and the heating kettle 10 may be communicated with each other by piping so that distilled water is returned to the heating kettle 10. As described above, in order to prevent the object to be burnt, it is preferable to dispose the moisturizing liquid in the heating kettle 10, so that the extract content can be reduced by returning the distilled water flowing into the distilled water container 44. It is because the advantageous effect that it can collect | recover without making it a density | concentration is show | played.
The separation container 43 has a structure similar to that of a separation funnel used for general chemical experiments, and separates oil and moisture. The separation container 43 of a preferred embodiment has a double tube structure in order to realize a cooling function. This is because by cooling the outside, loss of volatile fragrance components and low boiling point components can be prevented.

  The distilled water container 44 is communicated with the vacuum pump 46 through the pipe 18. The degree of pressure reduction by the vacuum pump 46 can be adjusted by the valve 52. Preferably, a cold trap 45 is provided between the distilled water container 44 and the vacuum pump 46. As the low temperature trap 45, for example, a glass or a metal such as SUS having a known structure that is collected by cooling with liquid nitrogen or dry ice + acetone can be used. The size of the cryogenic trap 45 is determined by the flow rate. For example, a cylindrical trap having a height of 20 cm to 50 cm and a diameter of 5 cm to 30 cm is used. When the distilled water container 44 is depressurized to extract oil or the like, the scent component and low boiling point component are also removed from the aqueous phase. However, by providing the low temperature trap 45, the scent component and low boiling point component can be recovered. Is possible. By cooling the gas passing through the inside of the low temperature trap 45 to, for example, 10 ° C. or less, the scent component and the low boiling point component adhere to the inner wall of the trap.

  It has been experimentally confirmed that the essential oil component is recovered by the low temperature trap 45. The trapped scent component and low boiling point component are recovered by dissolving and redispersing with water containing the extract. At this time, it is also possible to recover using distilled water, alcohol such as ethanol, or hydrocarbon such as hexane. However, it should be noted that when alcohol or hydrocarbon is used for recovery, components different from those of water are recovered due to solubility.

According to the microwave irradiation apparatus of the present invention described above, the internal structure can be rearranged with an attachment in accordance with the properties (liquid, solid, paste) of the object, so that distillation, extraction, drying, blanching (enzyme Can be performed by the same apparatus.
Moreover, according to the structure which arrange | positions the liquid which absorbs a microwave in a heating kettle, it becomes possible to solve the fatal problem of a fatal thing for foodstuffs etc., and to perform more uniform drying than before.
Furthermore, by providing a distillation section, it is possible to dry the irradiated object and collect water (and essential oil components) containing the extract.

<< Second Embodiment >>
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the microwave irradiation system 1 according to the second embodiment. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the cooler 47 and the second chiller 48 are provided, and the other configurations are the same as the first embodiment. Below, it demonstrates centering around the structure which concerns on a difference with the example of 1st embodiment, and omits description about the same structure.

  The cooler 47 of the second embodiment is provided in the pipe 16 that connects the condenser 41 and the liquid separation container 43. The cooler 47 is provided at such a position when the piping 16 is at room temperature, a part of the component cooled by the condenser 41 is volatilized before reaching the liquid separation container 43, and the condenser 41 in a vacuum state is provided. This is because there is a problem of being pulled back. That is, it can be said that the cooler 47 functions as a third cooler provided in the pipe 16 that communicates the condenser 41 functioning as the first cooler and the liquid separation container 43 functioning as the second cooler.

  The cooler 47 of the second embodiment has a double tube structure including an inner pipe communicating with the pipe 16 and an outer container covering the inner pipe, and is supplied from the second chiller 48 into the outer container. By circulating a refrigerant (for example, cooling water), components passing through the inner pipe are cooled. Here, the outer container of the cooler 47 can adopt an arbitrary shape. For example, the outer container may be a large-diameter tube concentric with the inner tube or a helical tube. Moreover, you may implement | achieve an external container by attaching the external container which covers the piping 16 after using the piping 16 of 1st embodiment as it is.

In the present embodiment, the second chiller 48 is provided separately from the first chiller 42, but the first chiller 42 may supply the refrigerant to the cooler 47. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which cools with the condenser 41 and the cooler 47, and does not cool with the liquid separation container 43. FIG.
According to the system of the second embodiment having the above-described configuration, it is possible to solve the problem that the components are volatilized during the delivery from the condenser 41 to the separation container 43 and are drawn back to the vacuum condenser 41. is there.

  As mentioned above, although preferable embodiment of this invention was described, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to description of the said embodiment. Various modifications / improvements can be added to the above-described embodiments, and forms to which such modifications or improvements are added are also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Microwave irradiation system 10 Heating pot 11 Heating container 12 Cover 13 Drain valve 14 Atmospheric release valves 15-18 Pipe 21 Stirring blade 22 Drive device 23 Connection shaft 24 Fixing knob 25 Knob cover 26 Cover fixing screw 27 Rotary plate 28 Fixed rotary plate Screw 29 Basket 30 Cover member 31 Microwave oscillator 32 Waveguide 33 Rotating shelf (second stage)
34 Rotating shelf (third stage)
41 Condenser (component concentrator)
42 (First) Chiller 43 Separating Container 44 Distilled Water Recovery Container 45 Low Temperature Trap 46 Vacuum Pump (Decompression Unit)
47 Cooler 48 (second) chiller 51 Drain valve
52 Valve

Claims (13)

A heating kettle;
A waveguide connected to the heating kettle;
A microwave oscillator,
A microwave irradiation device comprising a distillation section,
The heating pot, an irradiation window to which a waveguide is connected, a heating container, a connecting shaft disposed on the bottom of the heating container, a driving device for rotating the connecting shaft, a heating container lid, The connecting shaft can be mounted by detachably switching a plurality of different attachments,
The distillation unit includes a condenser connected by a heating kettle and a pipe, a separator container connected by the condenser and the pipe (16), a cooler for cooling the pipe (16), a separator container and the pipe (17). A distilled water recovery container connected by a pressure reducing device connected by a distilled water recovery container and a pipe (18),
The liquid separation container and the distilled water recovery container are physically separated containers,
The microwave irradiation apparatus, wherein the cooler suppresses volatilization of a scent component and / or a low boiling point component that passes from the condenser to the separation container.   The microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of attachments include a stirring blade and a rotating disk.   The microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a drying shelf on which an object to be irradiated can be placed, which can be installed on a turntable.   The microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a drying basket that can be placed on a turntable and into which an object to be irradiated is charged.   The microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a lid attachment that covers an exposed surface of the object to be irradiated and can be attached to an upper portion of the dry basket.   The microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the connecting shaft is disposed at a bottom center of the heating container. The liquid separation container has a cooling function,
The microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein volatilization of a scent component and / or a low boiling point component in the liquid separation container is suppressed. A low temperature trap is disposed between the distilled water recovery container and the decompression device,
The micro cryogenic trap according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the low temperature trap collects a scent component and / or a low boiling point component which is mixed in distilled water in a distilled water recovery container and volatilized from the distilled water. Wave irradiation device. A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
A liquid that absorbs microwaves 1/10 to 20 times the dry weight of the object to be heated is placed in a separate heating pot while being isolated from the object to be heated, and irradiated with microwaves for a predetermined time. The microwave irradiation method characterized by drying an irradiation thing. A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 5,
A microwave irradiation method comprising: covering an exposed surface of an object to be irradiated in a heating pot with a cover member; and drying the object by irradiation with microwaves for a predetermined time. A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
By irradiating the object to be irradiated in the heating kettle with microwaves for a predetermined time, the components evaporated from the object to be irradiated are condensed by a condenser, and separated by the separation container, thereby extracting the extract in the distilled water recovery container. A microwave irradiation method comprising obtaining water. A microwave irradiation method using the microwave irradiation apparatus according to claim 8,
By irradiating the object to be irradiated in the heating kettle with microwaves for a predetermined time, the components evaporated from the object to be irradiated are condensed by a condenser, and separated by the separation container, thereby extracting the extract in the distilled water recovery container. A microwave irradiation method comprising: obtaining water containing water; and collecting a scent component and / or a low boiling point component in the low temperature trap.   The irradiated object in the heating kettle is selected from the group consisting of citrus peel, citrus residue, vegetables, root vegetables, fruits and tree leaves. Microwave irradiation method.