JP2019170265A - Agent for increasing content of alliin in garlic and garlic cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide means for increasing a content of alliin in garlic efficiently without processing harvested garlic.SOLUTION: The present invention provides an agent for increasing a content of alliin in a garlic bulb, the agent containing oxidized glutathione, and a cultivation method for garlic with an increased content of alliin, including the step of application to garlic.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

The present invention relates to providing an agent for improving the alliin content in garlic and a method for cultivating garlic with increased alliin.

  Garlic is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Liliaceae native to Central Asia and is a crop used since ancient Egypt (circa 3200 BC).

  Allicin contained in garlic is one of functional components, and when cells are destroyed, it changes from alliin to allicin by an enzymatic reaction. Allicin is the odor component of garlic, and has long been known for its effects on humans such as fatigue recovery, nourishing tonic, improving blood circulation and lowering cholesterol in the blood, and antioxidative effects that prevent adult diseases, etc. It has been. It is also a precursor of ajoene, a functional ingredient, and is an important ingredient as a cooking ingredient and a health food ingredient.

  Here, the following methods are known as methods for increasing the concentration of sulfur compounds containing alliin in garlic. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for accumulating S-2-propenylcysteine in garlic at a high concentration by subjecting garlic after harvesting to low temperature treatment and then storing it at 45 to 65 ° C. for 1 to 2 weeks. Is disclosed. Patent Document 2 discloses a method of increasing the concentration of alliin in garlic by inactivating allinase by putting garlic after harvesting in hot water and fractionating the crude extract. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that thiosulfinates increase when garlic fragments are stored at a low temperature of 4 ° C. for several days.

Patent No. 4070138 JP-A-6-220008

Lawson L.D., Wang Z.J. and Hughes B.G: γ-Glutamyl-S-alkylcysteines in garlic and other Allium spp.:Precursors of age-dependent trans-1-propenyl thiosulfinates.Journal of Natural Products, 54. 436-444, 1991

  In order to increase the concentration of sulfur compounds in garlic, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 1, it is necessary to process the garlic after harvesting.

  An object of the present invention is to provide means for efficiently increasing the alliin content in garlic without processing the harvested garlic.

The present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems, and as a result, by applying and cultivating oxidized glutathione during the growth of garlic, the alliin content is increased in the garlic balls. As a result, the present inventors have completed the present invention.
That is, in the present specification, the following inventions are disclosed as means for solving the above problems.

  (1). An alliin increasing agent for increasing the amount of alliin in garlic spheres, which contains oxidized glutathione as an active ingredient.

  (2). The cultivation method of the garlic in which alliin increased including the process of applying the alliin increasing agent as described in (1) to garlic.

  (3). The cultivation method according to (2), wherein the alliin increasing agent is applied at the time of sowing or from the scale differentiation stage to the bulb hypertrophy stage.

  (4). The cultivation method according to (3), wherein the alliin-increasing agent is applied once during the squamous differentiation stage and the bulb hypertrophy stage.

  (5). The cultivation method according to any one of (2) to (4), wherein the alliin increasing agent is applied in an amount of 0.01 to 100 kg / ha.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively increase the alliin content in garlic without processing the harvested garlic.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described as follows. Note that the present invention is not limited to this.

  Oxidized glutathione Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is formed by combining two molecules of reduced glutathione (GSH, N- (N-γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl) glycine) via a disulfide bond. It is a substance.

  In the present invention, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is a free form that is not bound to other substances and is not ionized, a salt formed by GSSG and an acid or a base, a hydrate thereof, a mixture thereof Various forms of GSSG can be included.

  In addition to GSSG, reduced glutathione (GSH) may be contained in the component applied to the plant by the method of the present invention and the alliin extender of the present invention. It is preferable that the content of GSSG in the component or the pre-aryin extender is relatively larger than the content of GSH. More preferably, the total mass of GSSG (the mass converted as a free form) with respect to the total mass of GSSG and GSH (the mass converted as a free form) contained in the component or the alliin extender is the sum of It is 50 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 60 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 70 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 90 mass% or more, Most preferably, it is 100 mass%.

  The GSSG salt is not particularly limited as long as it is one or more salts acceptable as fertilizers such as ammonium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, sodium salt and lithium salt, but preferably from ammonium salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt. One or more salts selected. As disclosed in Patent Document 3, GSSG solid ammonium salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt are particularly preferable because they are low deliquescence, easy to handle and highly water-soluble. As described in Patent Document 3, such a salt is obtained by converting GSSG into water and / or a water-soluble medium in the presence of a substance capable of generating at least one selected from ammonium ions, calcium cations, and magnesium cations. It can be obtained as a solid by heating to a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher while contacting with an aqueous medium selected from Examples of the GSSG salt obtained by this method include GSSG monoammonium salt, GSSG 0.5 calcium salt or 1 calcium salt, GSSG 0.5 magnesium salt or 1 magnesium salt, and the like.

2. Application of GSSG
The application of GSSG is 0.01 to 100 kg / ha, more preferably 0.05 kg / ha or more, more preferably 50 kg / ha or less with respect to the area of the region where the plant of the cultivation carrier such as soil is growing. More preferably, it is carried out at an application rate of 10 kg / ha or less. Here, the application rate is shown as a weight converted as a free form of GSSG with respect to the area.

  The application method is not particularly limited as long as GSSG is in contact with a plant body such as the root, stem, or leaf of the plant, and may be applied so that GSSG is in direct contact with the plant body, soil, or the like. GSSG may be applied to the cultivation carrier.

  Application of GSSG to a plant and / or cultivation carrier is a method in which GSSG is dissolved or dispersed in water and / or a water-soluble solvent, preferably in a dissolved liquid state, and applied to the plant and / or cultivation carrier, It can be performed by a method of applying a solid substance such as a powder containing GSSG to a plant body and / or a cultivation carrier. As the water-soluble solvent, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol can be used. In these methods, the GSSG (free body equivalent) is 0.1 to 10,000 mg, more preferably 1 to 1 with respect to one plant body of the target plant (one strain when the target plant forms a strain). It is preferable to apply so that it may become 500 mg. Although content of GSSG in the said liquid is not specifically limited, For example, 0.1-10,000 ppm is mentioned. Although content of GSSG in the said solid substance is not specifically limited, For example, 0.01-50 mass% is mentioned. More preferably, a method in which a solid substance containing GSSG in a form that can be eluted in water is placed on the surface of the cultivation carrier near the root of the target plant or in the cultivation carrier, and GSSG is applied in water and / or a water-soluble solvent. And a method of applying by contacting the above-ground parts (stems, leaves, etc.) of the plant body of the target plant by a method such as spraying or coating in a liquid state dissolved or dispersed in.

  The time when the alliin extender of the present invention is applied to the plant is not particularly limited as long as it is any time from sowing to harvesting (in this case, it may be referred to as growing or during cultivation). For example, the plant may apply the alliin bulking agent of the present invention under conditions that can always absorb the alliin bulking agent of the present invention, or under conditions where the plant can absorb the alliin bulking agent intermittently throughout the cultivation period. Good. Or you may apply the alliin bulking agent of this invention only at the specific growth time. By applying the alliin bulking agent of the present invention at a specific time, the amount of the alliin bulking agent used can be reduced and the cost for cultivation can be reduced. The growth stage of garlic is broadly divided into a vegetative growth period, a period during which the leaves and roots grow, a phenotype differentiation stage, and a bulb hypertrophy stage. As an example of the application time of the alliin extender, the germination period, the scaly differentiation period, and the initial stage of the bulb hypertrophy are preferable. Particularly preferably, it is desirable to apply within 3 weeks from the stage of differentiation of the flakes and the start of bulb hypertrophy at the time of sowing. The germination period described here refers to the time when garlic buds appear on the ground after planting. The piece differentiation stage refers to the period when the side buds, which are the piece base, differentiate into pieces. The bulb hypertrophy period refers to a period in which thickening of the leaf leaf that is a storage leaf is progressing.

3. Form of GSSG-containing alliin extender
As long as the alliin extender of the present invention contains GSSG and is used for increasing the amount of garlic alliin, it may be GSSG itself or a form of a GSSG-containing composition combined with other components. It may be.

  The alliin extender of the present invention is a liquid that is directly applied to the plant and / or cultivation carrier of the target plant; water, water-soluble solvent (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, etc.), and a mixed solvent of two or more of these Liquid substance applied to the plant and / or cultivation carrier of the target plant after being diluted with a solvent such as water; water, a water-soluble solvent (methanol, ethanol, etc.), and a solvent such as two or more of these mixed solvents Solids such as powder and granules applied to the plant and / or cultivation carrier of the target plant after being dissolved or dispersed; solids such as powder (powder) applied directly to the plant and / or cultivation carrier of the target plant Material: clay, talc, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, diluted with solids such as soil, and then applied to the plant and / or cultivation carrier of the target plant The powder can be of any shape, such as a solid (powder) or the like, the form of the consideration of the solids storage stability are preferred.

  When the alliin extender of the present invention is a liquid, in addition to GSSG, a solvent such as water, a water-soluble solvent such as methanol or ethanol, a surfactant (such as a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), a dispersion stabilizer (carboxy) Components such as methyl cellulose, salts thereof, thickeners, and antioxidants. Although the GSSG density | concentration in this liquid substance is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is a density | concentration which becomes 1-10,000 ppm at the time of applying to a target plant, for example.

  When the alliin extender of the present invention is a solid, a surfactant (linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, lauryl sulfate, castor oil potassium soap, etc.), a dispersion stabilizer (carboxymethyl cellulose, its Salt, etc.), excipients (such as lactose), disintegrants, thickeners, antioxidants and the like. Although the GSSG density | concentration in this solid substance is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is a density | concentration used as 0.01-50 mass% at the time of applying to a target plant, for example.

  In addition to GSSG, the alliin extender of the present invention may further contain other components beneficial to plants. Examples of the other components include one or more fertilizer components selected from nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, GSH, and the like.

  The method for producing the alliin extender according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and the liquid composition is prepared by mixing components or performing operations such as pulverization, granulation, and drying as necessary if the composition is a solid composition. If it is a thing, it can manufacture by operation, such as stirring and emulsification dispersion | distribution, as needed.

4). Target plant
The target plant to which the alliin extender according to the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant belonging to garlic (Allium sativum L.). The garlic varieties are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the varieties described in Table 1 below. The target plant is not limited to a wild-type plant, and may be a mutant or a transformant.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples. However, the following specific examples do not limit the special scope of the present invention.

(Production Example 1)
1. Adjustment of GSSG-containing granules
Clay (Showa KDE, 956 g), polyvinyl alcohol (Denka, 20 g), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (Lion, 30 g), carboxymethylcellulose Na (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku, 10 g), oxidized type Glutathione ammonium salt (11 g) and a suitable amount of water are mixed and wet-extruded and granulated into a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 1.0 mm and a length of about 1 to 20 mm using a wet extrusion granulator (Multiglan manufactured by Dalton). The dried granule was classified with a sieve and formed into a cylindrical granule having a length of 0.7 to 2 mm, and used in Experiment 1 below as a 1% GSSG-containing granule.

2. Preparation of GSSG-containing wettable powder Clay (made by Showa KDE, 690 g) and oxidized glutathione ammonium salt (310 g) were mixed and pulverized to make a fine powdery wettable powder, 30% GSSG-containing wettable powder Used as.

Example 1
<Experiment 1> In a field in Hyogo Prefecture, garlic (Fukuchi white six pieces) was cultivated and cultivated in the following test area.
T1 ward: At the time of sowing (day 0: October 7), the GSSG-containing granule described in Production Example 1 is mixed with soil at 0.3 kg / ha as a pure GSSG content.
T2 Ward: GSSG described in Production Example 1 after scaly differentiation (Day 176: March 31), start of hypertrophy (191: April 15), two weeks after start of hypertrophy (Day 205) Dissolve the wettable powder containing GSSG in 3g, 10L of water as pure GSSG, and spray on the garlic leaves using a sprayer to 100L / 10a.
Untreated zone (C zone): Water is sprayed on the garlic leaves to make 100L / 10a.

  Cultivation was carried out in accordance with the “Vegetable Cultivation Guidelines” (National Agricultural Cooperative Federation Okayama Headquarters, published in 2012). As a fertilizer, cattle manure 1t / 10a, phosphoric acid Ankakari S-604 (16-10-14) 100 kg / 10a, and slaked lime 100 kg / 10a were fertilized. The planting distance was 140 cm between the ridges and 10 cm between the strains, and 4 rows were planted.

  The analysis of alliin was quantified using the GC method at the Food Analysis Center (N = 3). In addition, the analysis is measured as the allicin content and converted to the amount of alliin. Specifically, about 10 g of garlic spheres are collected, immersed in 20 ml of 0.1 mol phosphate buffer (pH 7), and homogenized. Thereafter, incubation is performed at 35 ° C. for 5 minutes, and 10 ml of the filtrate is collected, and then allicin is extracted by adding and mixing 10 ml of 0.2 mol sodium borohydride solution and 40 ml of ethyl acetate. After dehydration filtration, allicin was quantified by gas chromatography (model: GC-14B, column: 5% PEG-20M on Chromosor WAW DMCS, 80 ° C 4 minutes → 8 ° C / min → 170 ° C → 30 ° C / min → 220 ° C (5 minutes), gas flow rate: 35 ml / min (nitrogen)). Conversion from allicin content to alliin content was alliin content = allicin content × (molecular weight of alliin: 177.22 / molecular weight of allicin: 162.28).

  In addition, the photosynthesis product sugar (total sugar) was also analyzed at the analysis center (N = 3). The method used was the Somogyi-Nelson method. Incidentally, the term “total sugar” as used herein refers to a value obtained by quantifying the total amount of glucose using a polysaccharide / starch as a monosaccharide (glucose). The results are summarized in Table 2 below.

  As a result, in T1 section to which GSSG-containing granule was applied and T2 section in which GSSG was sprayed on the foliage, the alliin content increased by about 30 to 40% compared to the untreated case. On the other hand, in the T1 and T2 districts where the GSSG-containing granule was applied, the content of sugar as a photosynthetic product did not increase. Previous findings have reported that the application of GSSG promotes growth through the photosynthetic activity of plants, suggesting that the application of GSSG increases the amount of sugar (total sugar) accumulated in plants, but in garlic Even if GSSG is applied, the amount of sugar in the sphere does not increase, and there is an unexpected effect that cannot be predicted by those skilled in the art that alliin increases. According to the present invention, it is possible to easily increase the alliin content of garlic in terms of labor, time and cost rather than breeding.

<Experiment 2> Garlic (Fukuchi White Six Pieces) was cultivated in a field in Okayama Prefecture and cultivated in the following test zone. Sowing was performed on October 14th.
T1 Ward: 3g, 10L of GSSG-containing wettable powder described in Production Example 1 at the scale differentiation stage (188th day: April 20th) and bulb hypertrophy stage (217th day: 19th May) After dissolving in water, spray on garlic leaves using a sprayer to 100L / 10a.
T2 ward: Nutrients long-term (160th day: March 29th), GSSG-containing wettable powder described in Production Example 1 is dissolved in 3g, 10L of water as a pure GSSG, and then 100L / 10a using a sprayer. Sprinkle on the leaves of garlic.
Untreated zone (C zone): Water is sprayed on the garlic leaves to make 100L / 10a.

  Cultivation was carried out in accordance with the “Vegetable Cultivation Guidelines” (National Agricultural Cooperative Federation Okayama Headquarters, published in 2012). As a fertilizer, cow dung compost 1 t / 10a of cow dung compost, 100 kg / 10a of phosphoric acid Anka S-604 (16-10-14), and 100 kg / 10a of slaked lime were fertilized. The planting distance was 140 cm between the ridges and 10 cm between the strains, and 4 rows were planted.

  The analysis of alliin was quantified using the GC method at the Food Analysis Center as in Experiment 1 (N = 3).

  As a result, in T1 ward, where GSSG was sprayed, the alliin content increased by about 30% compared to no treatment. On the other hand, no significant increase in alliin content was observed in the T2 district applied during the vegetative growth period. As the application time, it is effective to apply GSSG at the sowing time, the differentiation stage or the early hypertrophy stage. It was found that it was necessary to apply at the right time to maximize the effect.

  The present invention can be used for increasing the amount of alliin in a sphere in the fields of agriculture and horticulture where garlic grows.

Claims (5)

  An alliin increasing agent for increasing the amount of alliin in garlic spheres, which contains oxidized glutathione.   A method for cultivating garlic with increased alliin, comprising the step of applying the alliin increasing agent according to claim 1 to garlic.   The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the alliin increasing agent is applied at the time of sowing or from the scale differentiation stage to the bulb hypertrophy stage.   The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the alliin increasing agent is applied once each in the scale differentiation stage and the bulb hypertrophy stage.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the alliin increasing agent is applied in an amount of 0.01 to 100 kg / ha.