JP2019145285A - All-solid battery - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an all-solid battery in which ununiform expansion of an active material layer is restrained, while restraining relative positional deviation between unit all-solid batteries.SOLUTION: An all-solid battery 100 has at least one unit all-solid battery having a positive electrode collector layer 12, a positive electrode active material layer 14, a solid electrolyte layer 30, a negative electrode active material layer 24, and a negative electrode collector layer 22, in this order, an adhesive layer 40 exists between the positive electrode collector layer 12 and the positive electrode active material layer 14, or between the negative electrode collector layer 22 and the negative electrode active material layer 24, principal part of the positive electrode collector layer 12 or the negative electrode collector layer 22 where the adhesive layer 40 exists has polygonal shape, and the adhesive layer 40 exists on each side or whole circumference of the principal part of the positive electrode collector layer 12 or the negative electrode collector layer 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an all solid state battery.

All-solid-state batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and lithium ion batteries have attracted attention as power sources for driving electric motors of hybrid vehicles and the like. Such an all-solid battery includes a positive electrode current collector layer, a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector layer.

  In order to prevent the battery performance from fluctuating due to vibration, impact, etc. during actual use of the all-solid-state battery, it is desirable to fix the stacked unit all-solid batteries so that they do not deviate from each other. Various techniques have been proposed to realize such fixing.

  In Patent Document 1, at least the current collector of the first electrode, the active material layer of the first electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, the active material layer of the second electrode that is the counter electrode of the first electrode, and the second electrode Two or more battery units in which the current collector, the active material layer of the second electrode, the solid electrolyte layer, and the active material layer of the first electrode are stacked in this order are stacked, and the first of the battery units is formed. There is disclosed an all solid state battery characterized in that it has an adhesion means for adhering the current collector of the electrode and the battery unit laminated adjacent to the current collector. In Patent Document 1, when the shape of the main portion of the current collector, that is, the shape of the portion excluding the tab portion is a square, the bonding means is arranged along the side near the vertex for each vertex of the square. It is said that it is preferable to apply in an L shape.

  In Patent Document 2, a step of producing electrode elements by superimposing so that positive electrodes and negative electrodes, which are electrodes, are alternately arranged via a separator, a step of sealing the electrode elements together with an electrolytic solution in an exterior body, The electrode element is manufactured by forming the electrode by processing the electrode preparation body into a predetermined shape using the electrode processing tool, and the positional relationship between the electrode processing tool is fixed. The step of holding the electrode using the electrode holding mechanism, the step of bonding the electrode held by the electrode holding mechanism to the separator preparation body, and the electrode holding mechanism holding the electrode after bonding the electrode and the separator preparation body And a step of forming the separator by forming the separator preparation body into a predetermined shape using the separator processing tool in which the positional relationship between the electrode processing tool and the electrode tool is fixed. It has been disclosed.

  In Patent Document 3, a positive electrode active material, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode active material are disposed between positive electrode current collectors and negative electrode current collectors having different sizes, and flow around the periphery between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector. A thin battery characterized by comprising a conductive adhesive is disclosed.

  Patent Document 4 is an energy device in which a plurality of sheet-like unit devices in which a first active material layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second active material layer having a polarity opposite to that of the first active material layer are stacked are joined. The energy device includes an adhesive that joins adjacent unit devices, and the energy device is disclosed in which the adhesive is applied to a recess provided on the outer surface of at least one of the adjacent unit devices.

  In patent document 5, it has a battery container sealed by attaching a sealing can to the opening part of an exterior can through a gasket, and caulking the peripheral part of the opening part. A laminated type in which a positive electrode formed by forming a positive electrode active material layer on both sides and a negative electrode formed by forming a negative electrode active material layer on a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil are alternately laminated in a plurality of stages via separators. The electrode body and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate are accommodated, and the positive electrode in the electrode body is electrically connected to one of the outer can or the sealed can, A negative electrode current collector made of copper foil is disposed at both ends in the stacking direction of the electrode body, and one of the negative electrode current collectors is one of the outer can or the sealed can through the insulating sheet ( Opposite the positive electrode can), the other The negative electrode current collector is opposed to the other can (negative electrode can) in contact, and the one negative electrode current collector and the insulating sheet are bonded via an acrylic hot melt adhesive. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is disclosed.

JP 2017-204377 A JP, 2015-191870, A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-052866 JP 2006-185562 A JP 2011-014362 A

  When an adhesive is placed and pasted at the apexes (four corners) of a rectangular current collector layer, the expansion of both ends of the active material layer is suppressed during charging, but the active material layer is not suppressed by the adhesive The amount of expansion at the center of each is greater than the amount of expansion at both ends. As a result, the active material layer expands non-uniformly, which may break the current collector layer that receives non-uniform stress by the active material layer.

  Therefore, there is a need to provide an all-solid battery in which the non-uniform expansion of the active material layer is suppressed while suppressing the relative displacement between unit all-solid batteries.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by the following means, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows:
<Aspect 1> At least one unit all solid state battery having a positive electrode current collector layer, a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector layer in this order,
An adhesive layer is present between the positive electrode current collector layer and the positive electrode active material layer or between the negative electrode current collector layer and the negative electrode active material layer, and the adhesive layer is present The main part of the positive electrode current collector layer or the negative electrode current collector layer has a polygonal shape, and the adhesive layer is present on each side or the entire circumference of the main part.
All solid battery.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the all-solid-state battery by which the non-uniform expansion | swelling of the active material layer was suppressed can be provided, suppressing the relative position shift between unit all-solid-state batteries.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an all-solid battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A shows the layer structure of the all-solid battery, and FIG. 1B shows the position of the adhesive layer on the positive electrode current collector layer. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of an all-solid battery according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A shows the layer configuration of the all-solid-state battery, and FIG. 2B shows the position of the adhesive layer on the positive electrode current collector layer. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of expansion in the surface direction of a conventional all solid state battery. FIG. 3A shows a state before charging, and FIG. 3B shows a state after charging. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of expansion in the surface direction of the all solid state battery of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A shows a state before charging, and FIG. 4B shows a state after charging. FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of expansion in the surface direction of an all solid state battery according to another aspect of the present invention. Fig.5 (a) has shown the state before charge, FIG.5 (b) has shown the state after charge.

<All-solid battery>
As shown in FIG. 1, the all-solid battery 100 of one embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector layer 12, a positive electrode active material layer 14, a solid electrolyte layer 30, a negative electrode active material layer 24, and a negative electrode current collector layer 22. Having at least one unit all solid state battery in this order,
An adhesive layer 40 exists between the positive electrode current collector layer 12 and the positive electrode active material layer 14 or between the negative electrode current collector layer 22 and the negative electrode active material layer 24, and the adhesive layer 40 exists. The main part of the positive electrode current collector layer 12 or the negative electrode current collector layer 22 has a polygonal shape, and the adhesive layer 40 is present all around the main part of the positive electrode current collector layer 12 or the negative electrode current collector layer 22. doing.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the all solid state battery 200 according to another aspect of the present invention is different from the all solid state battery 100 according to one aspect of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1, and the adhesive layer 40 includes a positive electrode current collector layer. 12 or on each side of the main part of the negative electrode current collector layer 22.

  Here, in the present invention, the “main part” means a part of the current collector layer excluding the tab. The main part has a polygonal shape. Specifically, the shape of the main part may be a triangular shape, a quadrangular shape, a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape or the like, and in particular, a square shape or a rectangular shape.

  Here, in the present invention, “on each side” of the main part includes the center of each side of the main part and is 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, or 80% of the length of each side. It is the above and means the part which occupies less than 100%, 95% or less, or 90% or less. Further, “the entire circumference” of the main part means the entire length of all sides of the main part. In other words, the difference between “on each side” and “entire circumference” is whether or not the corners of the main part are included.

  When a conventional all solid state battery having the adhesive layer 40 at the corners of the main part of the positive electrode current collector layer 12 shown in FIG. 3A is charged, as shown by the arrows in FIG. The material layer expands in a portion where the adhesive layer 40 does not exist, while the expansion is inhibited in a portion where the adhesive layer 40 does not exist. As a result, after charging, the expansion of the positive electrode active material layer in the plane direction of the all-solid-state battery becomes uneven, and the current collector is mainly near the boundary between the portion where the adhesive layer is present and the portion where the adhesive layer is not present. The stress that the layer receives from the active material layer becomes non-uniform, and as a result, the current collector layer may break. Note that the state of expansion of the active material layer is exaggerated in order to clarify the difference and does not necessarily match the actual scale.

  On the other hand, when the all solid state battery 100 of one embodiment of the present invention having the adhesive layer 40 on the entire circumference of the main part of the positive electrode current collector layer 12 shown in FIG. As indicated by the arrows), the expansion of the active material layer is uniformly inhibited in any part. As a result, since the difference in stress that the current collector layer receives from the active material layer is suppressed, it is considered that breakage of the current collector layer is suppressed.

  Moreover, when the all-solid-state battery 200 of another aspect of the present invention having the adhesive layer 40 on each side of the main part of the positive electrode current collector layer 12 shown in FIG. ), The expansion at the center of each side where the expansion is large is inhibited. In this case, the expansion of the active material layer is not hindered at the corners of the main part, but the current collector layer is sufficient to cause breakage of the current collector layer because the corners are portions where the expansion of the charging part is difficult to occur. It is considered that there is no difference in stress received from the active material layer.

  Below, each component of the all-solid-state battery of this invention is demonstrated.

<Adhesive layer>
As the adhesive layer, for example, a thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin can be used. Examples of the polyolefin include polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins.

  In the present specification, the polyethylene-based resin includes a repeating unit of an ethylene group in a polymer main chain of 30 mol% or more, 40 mol% or more, 50 mol% or more, 60 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, or 80 mol% or more. For example, low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), ethylene- Methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA), ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), carboxylic acid-modified polyethylene, carboxylic acid-modified ethylene Vinyl acetate copolymer and Derivatives of al, and is selected from the group consisting of mixtures.

  In this specification, the polypropylene resin is a resin containing propylene group repeating units in a polymer main chain of 30 mol% or more, 40 mol% or more, 50 mol% or more, 60 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, or 80 mol% or more. Yes, for example, polypropylene (PP) homopolymer, random polypropylene (random PP), block polypropylene (block PP), chlorinated polypropylene, carboxylic acid-modified polypropylene, and derivatives thereof, and mixtures thereof.

<Positive electrode current collector layer>
The conductive material used for the positive electrode current collector layer is not particularly limited, and any known material that can be used for an all-solid battery can be appropriately employed. Examples include stainless steel (SUS), aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, titanium, and carbon.

  The shape of the positive electrode current collector layer according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a foil shape, a plate shape, and a mesh shape. Among these, a foil shape is preferable.

<Positive electrode active material layer>
The positive electrode active material layer contains at least a positive electrode active material, and preferably further includes a solid electrolyte described later. In addition, an additive used for a positive electrode active material layer of an all-solid battery, such as a conductive additive or a binder, can be included in accordance with the intended use or intended purpose.

In the present disclosure, the positive electrode active material used is not particularly limited, and a known material is used. For example, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO ₂ ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO ₂ ), lithium manganate (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ), LiCo _1/3 Ni _1/3 Mn _1/3 O ₂ , Li _{1 + x} Mn _{2−x− y} M _y O ₄ (M is, Al, Mg, Co, Fe, Ni, and one or more metal elements selected from Zn) such heterogeneous element substituted Li-Mn spinel composition represented by the can be mentioned, It is not limited to these.

  The conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited, and known ones are used. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, carbon materials such as VGCF (vapor-grown carbon fiber, Vapor Carbon Carbon Fiber) and carbon nanofibers, and metal materials.

  It does not specifically limit as a binder, A well-known thing is used. Examples include, but are not limited to, materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), or combinations thereof.

<Solid electrolyte layer>
The solid electrolyte layer includes at least a solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and a material that can be used as a solid electrolyte of an all-solid battery can be used. For example, a known sulfide solid electrolyte or a known oxide solid electrolyte can be used.

Examples of the sulfide solid electrolyte include, for example, Li ₂ S—SiS ₂ , LiI—Li ₂ S—SiS ₂ , LiI—Li ₂ S—P ₂ S ₅ , LiI—LiBr—Li ₂ S—P ₂ S ₅ , _{Li 2 S-P 2 S 5} -LiI-LiBr, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -GeS 2, LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 O 5, LiI-Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5, and Li ₂ S-P ₂ S _{5 and the} like; sulfide-based crystalline solid electrolytes such as Li ₁₀ GeP ₂ S ₁₂ , Li ₇ P ₃ S ₁₁ , Li ₃ PS ₄ , and Li _3.25 P _0.75 S ₄ As well as combinations thereof.

  Examples of the oxide solid electrolyte include, but are not limited to, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), and copolymers thereof.

  The solid electrolyte may be glass or crystallized glass (glass ceramic). Further, the solid electrolyte layer may contain a binder or the like as necessary in addition to the above-described solid electrolyte. A specific example is the same as the “binder” listed in the “positive electrode active material layer” described above, and a description thereof is omitted here.

<Negative electrode active material layer>
The negative electrode active material layer includes at least a negative electrode active material, and preferably further includes the solid electrolyte described above. In addition, an additive used for the negative electrode active material layer of the all-solid-state battery, such as a conductive additive or a binder, can be included in accordance with the intended use or intended purpose.

  In the present disclosure, the negative electrode active material used is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release metal ions such as lithium ions. Examples include, but are not limited to, metals such as Li, Sn, Si, or In, alloys of lithium and titanium, or carbon materials such as hard carbon, soft carbon, or graphite.

  Among these, as a negative electrode active material, an alloy-based negative electrode active material containing two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Li, Sn, Si, In, and Ti, particularly an alloy-based negative electrode containing Si When the active material is used as the negative electrode active material, the configuration of the present invention is more useful because the all solid state battery is easily expanded by charging.

  As other additives such as a solid electrolyte, a conductive additive, and a binder used in the negative electrode active material layer, those described in the above-mentioned items of “positive electrode active material layer” and “solid electrolyte layer” can be appropriately employed. .

<Negative electrode current collector layer>
The conductive material used for the negative electrode current collector layer is not particularly limited, and a known material that can be used for an all-solid battery can be appropriately employed. Examples include stainless steel (SUS), aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, titanium, and carbon.

  The shape of the negative electrode current collector layer according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a foil shape, a plate shape, and a mesh shape. Among these, a foil shape is preferable.

《All-solid battery manufacturing method》
The all solid state battery of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. In addition, although the following description is described regarding the case where an adhesive layer is laminated | stacked on a positive electrode collector layer, the method similar to the following is employable also about the case where an adhesive layer is laminated | stacked on a negative electrode collector layer.

<Lamination of layers other than positive electrode current collector layer and adhesive layer>
First, a portion excluding the positive electrode current collector layer 12 and the adhesive layer 40 among the layers constituting the all solid state battery shown in FIG. 1A, that is, the positive electrode active material layer 14, the solid electrolyte layer 30, and the negative electrode active material layer. 24, the negative electrode current collector layer 22, the negative electrode active material layer 24, the solid electrolyte layer 30, and the positive electrode active material layer 14 are arranged in this order, and these are pressed.

  The arrangement of the layers can be performed, for example, by applying a substance constituting each layer and drying.

  The pressure during pressing may be, for example, 100 MPa or more, 200 MPa or more, 300 MPa or more, 400 MPa or more, or 500 MPa or more, and may be 1000 MPa or less, 900 MPa or less, 800 MPa or less, or 700 MPa or less.

<Lamination of adhesive layer and positive electrode current collector layer>
Next, an adhesive layer 40 is laminated at the central portion of the main part of the positive electrode current collector layer 12 that comes into contact with the positive electrode active material layer 14, and the positive electrode current collector layer 12 is connected to the positive electrode via the adhesive layer 40. The active material layer 14 is laminated.

  The lamination of the adhesive layer can be performed by coating, for example.

  Lamination | stacking to the positive electrode active material layer of a positive electrode electrical power collector layer can be performed by heating, for example, applying a pressure. The pressure at this time may be, for example, 0.1 MPa or more, 0.2 MPa or more, or 0.3 MPa or more, and 1.0 MPa or less, 0.9 MPa or less, 0.8 MPa or less, or 0.7 MPa or less. It's okay.

  The temperature at the time of heating can be appropriately selected according to the substance used as the adhesive layer, and may be, for example, 200 ° C. or lower, 180 ° C. or lower, or 150 ° C. or lower, or 80 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or higher, or 130 It may be higher than or equal to ° C.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Positive electrode collector layer 14 Positive electrode active material layer 22 Negative electrode collector layer 24 Negative electrode active material layer 30 Solid electrolyte layer 40 Adhesion layer 100 All-solid-state battery of 1 aspect of this invention 200 All-solid-state battery of another aspect of this invention

Claims (1)

Having at least one unit all solid state battery having a positive electrode current collector layer, a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector layer in this order;
An adhesive layer exists between the positive electrode current collector layer and the positive electrode active material layer or between the negative electrode current collector layer and the negative electrode active material layer, and the adhesive layer exists. The main part of the positive electrode current collector layer or the negative electrode current collector layer has a polygonal shape, and the adhesive layer is present on each side or the entire circumference of the main part.
All solid battery.

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