JP2019144701A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

To suppress human error during operation.SOLUTION: The machine tool includes a bed and a moving unit movable with respect to the bed, and includes a machine tool main body that performs processing on a workpiece, and an operation system 20 that adjusts the position of the moving unit. The operation system 20 includes a base unit; a lever unit that is provided at the base unit and can be operated with a linear direction and a rotational direction as movable directions with respect to the base unit; a switching unit 53 that can switch a base posture, which is a posture of the base unit with respect to the bed, between a plurality of base postures; and a movement instructing unit 8 that moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operation direction with the movable direction of the lever unit viewed from the bed as the operation direction, when the lever unit is operated in each base posture.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool.

  Conventionally, a machine tool for machining a workpiece by multi-axis control is known. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a machine tool that moves or rotates a spindle to which a tool is attached and a workpiece to be machined based on a plurality of operation axes. This machine tool has a rotary table for rotating a workpiece around a vertical rotation axis extending in the vertical direction, a table saddle for moving the workpiece in the Y-axis direction on the rotary table, and a workpiece in the X-axis direction on the table saddle. With a table. Thereby, in this machine tool, the workpiece can be moved linearly and rotationally with respect to the bed. The machine tool further includes a head saddle that moves the spindle in a horizontal direction with respect to a column installed on the bed, a spindle that moves on the head saddle in a vertical direction, and a spindle that rotates about the vertical rotation axis. And a spindle head. Thereby, in this machine tool, the tool can be moved linearly and rotationally with respect to the bed.

JP, 2006-196074, A

  By the way, in the machine tool having such a plurality of operation axes, the operation performed by the worker is very complicated. Specifically, when an operator first moves a tool or a workpiece, the operator switches a device to be operated by a button operation or the like. As a result, the operation axis serving as a reference when moving the tool or workpiece is switched. Thereafter, when the operator inputs the movement amount, the operation target is moved based on the input movement amount.

  However, in such a machine tool, an operation target that should not be moved may be selected due to an operator's erroneous operation. If the movement amount is input in such a state, an operation target that should not be moved may move against the operator's intention.

  The present invention has been made to respond to the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a machine tool capable of suppressing the occurrence of a human error during operation.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
The machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a bed and a moving unit movable with respect to the bed, a machine tool main body that performs machining on a workpiece, and an operation system that adjusts the position of the moving unit. The operating system is provided with a base, a lever provided on the base and operable with a linear movement direction and a rotational direction as a movable direction with respect to the base, and a posture of the base with respect to the bed. A switching unit capable of switching a base posture between a plurality of base postures, and when the lever portion is operated in each of the base postures, the movable direction of the lever portion viewed from the bed is set as an operation direction. A movement instructing unit that moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operation direction.

  According to such a configuration, the movement of the lever portion and the movement of the moving portion are similar. Therefore, the operator can operate the moving unit only by moving the lever unit in the moving direction on the bed of the moving unit to be moved. Therefore, the operator can intuitively move the moving unit in the direction in which he / she wants to move without performing a complicated operation.

  Further, in the machine tool according to the second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the machine tool main body includes a plurality of the moving parts, and the plurality of moving parts are arranged in one linear direction with respect to the bed. It is possible to move with at least one of the rotational directions as a moving direction, the moving directions are different from each other, and the movable direction of the lever portion viewed from the bed in each base posture is a plurality of the moving portions. May correspond to the moving direction of any of the moving parts.

  According to such a configuration, there is no moving unit that moves in the same direction on the bed, and there is only one moving unit on the bed that moves in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever unit operated by the operator. That is, when the lever portion is moved in one direction, only one moving portion can be moved. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of the moving part not intended by the operator.

  Further, in the machine tool according to the third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the plurality of base postures include two or more of a first posture, a second posture, and a third posture, the first posture, In the second posture and the third posture, when viewed from the machine tool main body, the linearly moving directions are different directions intersecting each other, and a direction in which a central axis extends at the rotational center of the one rotational direction is The directions may be different from each other.

  By setting it as such a structure, in the 1st attitude | position, the 2nd attitude | position, and the 3rd attitude | position, the one linear advance direction and the one rotation direction differ, respectively. Therefore, the lever portion cannot be moved in the same direction in different base postures. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from operating the lever portion in the base posture that should not be operated by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of the moving part not intended by the operator.

  Further, in the machine tool according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, the operation system may include a direction indicating portion indicating the movable direction of the lever portion. Good.

  By setting it as such a structure, an operator can recognize easily the movable direction of the lever part with respect to a base.

  In the machine tool according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the operation system includes a sensor unit that detects the base posture of the base, and the movement instruction The unit may determine the moving direction of the moving unit by determining the operation direction based on the base posture detected by the sensor unit.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to detect a malfunction such as a base posture switched due to a malfunction of the switching unit or the like being different from an actual base posture. As a result, it is possible to suppress the movement of the moving part not intended by the operator.

  A machine tool according to a sixth aspect of the present invention has a bed and a moving part movable with respect to the bed, and adjusts the position of the moving part and a machine tool main body that performs machining on the workpiece. An operation system, and the operation system is provided on the base and the base, and can be operated with respect to the base as a movable direction only in one linear direction and one rotational direction, and the movable directions are different. It has a plurality of lever portions and a switching portion that can be switched between a plurality of operation modes, and in the plurality of operation modes, it is possible to input only the operation of one lever portion that is different between the plurality of operation modes. In each of the operation modes, the operation system is configured such that the input direction of the lever portion viewed from the bed is the operation direction, and the operation direction is the same as the operation direction. Further comprising a movement instruction unit that moves the moving unit.

  According to such a configuration, the movement of the lever portion and the movement of the moving portion are similar. Therefore, the operator can operate the moving unit only by moving the lever unit in the moving direction on the bed of the moving unit to be moved. Therefore, the operator can intuitively move the moving unit in the direction in which he / she wants to move without performing a complicated operation. Furthermore, only an operation in one operation mode is transmitted to the moving unit via the movement instructing unit. Therefore, an operation at the lever portion corresponding to an operation mode other than the selected operation mode is not reflected on the moving unit. As a result, even if the lever portion is moved in a state where the operation mode is selected incorrectly, the moving portion does not move. That is, it is possible to prevent the moving unit not intended by the operator from moving.

  In the machine tool according to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the sixth aspect, the plurality of lever portions include two or more of a first lever portion, a second lever portion, and a third lever portion, The one lever portion, the second lever portion, and the third lever portion are different in directions in which the linear movement directions are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the machine tool body, and at the rotation center in the one rotation direction. The directions in which the central axes extend may be different directions orthogonal to each other.

  According to such a configuration, the first lever part, the second lever part, and the third lever part have different movable directions. Therefore, different lever portions are not moved in the same direction. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from operating the lever portion that should not be operated by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of the moving part not intended by the operator.

  Further, in the machine tool according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, in the sixth or seventh aspect, the operation system displays on the lever part itself that input is possible in each operation mode. You may have a display part.

  According to such a configuration, the operator can confirm at a glance which lever portion is in an input enabled state. Therefore, the operator can perform the operation more intuitively.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a human error during operation.

It is a side view which shows typically the gear grinding apparatus in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows typically the inside of the gear grinding apparatus in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the operation part of the 1st attitude | position in 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the operation part of the 2nd attitude | position in 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the operation part of the 3rd attitude | position in 1st embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the gear grinding apparatus in 1st embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the base and lever part in 2nd embodiment. It is principal part sectional drawing which shows the internal structure of the base and lever part in 2nd embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the gear grinding apparatus in 2nd embodiment.

<< first embodiment >>
Hereinafter, a first embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a gear grinding apparatus (machine tool) 1 is a grinding apparatus that grinds a workpiece W serving as a gear with a grindstone (tool) T. In the gear grinding apparatus 1, the workpiece W is ground by bringing the grindstone T and the workpiece W into contact with each other while being rotated synchronously. The workpiece W is an object to be processed that is formed in a disk shape or a cylindrical shape, for example. In the workpiece W, the teeth formed on the outer peripheral surface are ground by the grindstone T.

  The grindstone T is formed in a cylindrical shape. On the outer peripheral surface of the grindstone T, helical grinding teeth corresponding to a desired gear tooth shape are formed.

  The gear grinding device 1 includes a grinding device main body (machine tool main body) 10 that processes a workpiece W with a grindstone T, and an operation system 20 that adjusts positions of various devices of the grinding device main body 10.

  The grinding apparatus body 10 is an apparatus that grinds the workpiece W with the grindstone T while supplying grinding oil. The grinding apparatus body 10 includes a bed 11, an exterior part 12, a grindstone support part 13, a table (first moving part) 14, and a counter column 15.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the bed 11 is a pedestal installed on the floor surface. A grindstone support portion 13, a table 14, and a counter column 15 are attached to the bed 11.

  The exterior portion 12 is a cover body that makes the exterior of the grinding apparatus main body 10. The exterior portion 12 is provided so as to cover the bed 11. The exterior portion 12 is provided with a door provided with a window 121. The window 121 is provided for the operator to visually recognize the inside of the processing area on the bed 11 from the outside of the grinding apparatus main body 10.

  The grindstone support unit 13 rotates the grindstone T that grinds the workpiece W. The grindstone support unit 13 supports the grindstone T so as to be movable with respect to the table 14 on the bed 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the grindstone support portion 13 includes a column (second moving portion) 131, a saddle (third moving portion) 132, and a grindstone head (fourth moving portion) 133.

  The column 131 is disposed away from the table 14 on the bed 11. The column 131 is configured such that the grindstone T can be moved in one of the horizontal directions relative to the table 14. Here, the moving direction of the column 131 relative to the bed 11 is referred to as an X-axis direction. The X-axis direction is one of the horizontal directions and is the longitudinal direction of the bed 11. Therefore, as the column 131 moves, the position of the grindstone T in the X-axis direction with respect to the table 14 is adjusted.

  The saddle 132 is movable with respect to the column 131 in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction). Therefore, the position of the grindstone T with respect to the table 14 in the Z-axis direction is adjusted by moving the saddle 132. The saddle 132 is rotatable with respect to the column 131 about a saddle axis O1 extending in the X-axis direction. Therefore, the rotation of the saddle 132 adjusts the angle of the grindstone T with respect to the table 14. In other words, the saddle 132 is movable with respect to the bed 11 with the Z-axis direction as one linear direction, and is movable in one rotational direction with the saddle axis O1 as the rotation center.

  The grindstone head 133 is movable with respect to the saddle 132 in a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction including the Y-axis direction in the horizontal direction. The Y-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction and is the width direction of the bed 11. The grindstone head 133 is moved in the Y-axis direction with respect to the bed 11 when the saddle 132 is not rotating. The grindstone head 133 adjusts the position of the grindstone T with respect to the table 14 on the bed 11 in the Y-axis direction. In other words, the grindstone head 133 is movable with respect to the bed 11 with the Y-axis direction as a straight advance direction. The grindstone head 133 has a grindstone rotating shaft (fifth moving portion) 134 to which the grindstone T can be attached and detached. The grindstone rotating shaft 134 rotates around the grindstone axis O2 orthogonal to the X axis by the power of a drive source such as a motor provided in the grindstone head 133. That is, the grindstone rotating shaft 134 is movable with respect to the bed 11 in one rotation direction with the grindstone axis O2 as the rotation center. In a state where the grindstone T is attached to the grindstone rotation shaft 134, the rotation axis of the grindstone T coincides with the grindstone axis O2.

  The table 14 supports the work W on the bed 11 so as to be rotatable. The table 14 is attached to the bed 11 at a position where the workpiece W can face the grindstone T in the X-axis direction. The table 14 is rotatable with respect to the bed 11 in one rotation direction with a table axis O3 extending in the Z-axis direction as a rotation center. Accordingly, the movement directions of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14 with respect to the bed 11 are different from each other.

  The counter column 15 is disposed at a position away from the grindstone support portion 13 in the X-axis direction with the table 14 interposed therebetween. On the outer periphery of the counter column 15, there is provided a swivel ring 151 that rotates about a counter column axis O4 extending in the Z-axis direction. The swivel ring 151 is provided with a pair of grippers 152 which are holding parts capable of holding the workpiece W, and a dressing device (not shown) for dressing the grindstone T. The pair of grippers 152 are provided symmetrically with respect to the counter column axis O4. The work W is carried into and out of the table 14 by the gripper 152. The dressing device is disposed between the pair of grippers 152 on the outer periphery of the swivel ring 151. The counter column 15 is provided with a tail stock 153. The tail stock 153 is movable with respect to the counter column 15 so as to press the workpiece W toward the table 14 from above in the Z-axis direction on the workpiece W supported by the table 14.

  The operation system 20 adjusts the positions of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 6, the operation system 20 includes an operation panel 3 and a control unit (movement instruction unit) 8.

  The operation panel 3 is a unit in which various devices necessary for an operator to operate during operation or adjustment of the grinding apparatus body 10 are collectively arranged. The operation panel 3 includes an operation panel body 4, an operation unit 5, and a posture selection switch 6.

  The operation panel body 4 has a rectangular shape. The operation panel body 4 is fixed to the exterior part 12. The operation panel body 4 is provided with an operation unit 5 and a posture selection switch 6. The operation panel body 4 is provided with a plurality of buttons and the like for operating various devices of the grinding apparatus body 10 other than the operation unit 5 and the posture selection switch 6.

  The operation unit 5 is a joystick operated by an operator. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the operation unit 5 includes a base 51, a lever unit 52, and a posture changing unit (switching unit) 53.

  The base 51 is supported by the operation panel main body 4 via the attitude changing unit 53. A long hole extending in one direction is formed on one surface of the base 51. The base portion 51 is provided with a lever portion 52 that can be tilted and rotated with respect to the base portion 51. Further, the base 51 includes a sensor unit 511 that detects the attitude (orientation) of the base 51 such as a potentiometer or an acceleration sensor. The sensor unit 511 outputs information on the current posture of the base 51 to the control unit 8.

The lever portion 52 has a lever main body 55 and a grip portion 56.
The lever main body 55 has a rod shape extending around the lever axis (center axis) O5. The lever main body 55 is supported so that the lower end portion (one end portion) can be tilted and rotated by a support portion (not shown) inside the base portion 51 while being inserted through the elongated hole. Accordingly, the lever main body 55 can be tilted only in one linear direction in which the elongated hole extends with respect to the base 51. The lever main body 55 is rotatable with respect to the base 51 around the lever axis O5 as a rotation center. Thereby, the lever main body 55 can be rotated only in one rotation direction with respect to the base 51.

  In the lever main body 55 of the first embodiment, a detection device (not shown) for detecting a movable direction and a movable amount from a neutral position of the lever main body 55 such as a potentiometer is fixed inside the base 51. Here, the movable direction is a direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts and a direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts relative to the base 51 from the neutral position, which is a state before the lever main body 55 is moved. The movable amount is the amount of tilt or rotation of the lever main body 55 relative to the base 51 from the neutral position. Information on the detected movable direction and movable amount is output to the control unit 8 described later.

  The grip portion 56 is fixed to the upper end portion (the other end portion) of the lever main body 55. The grip portion 56 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than that of the lever main body 55 and can be gripped by an operator. On the upper end surface of the grip portion 56 (the end surface on the side not connected to the lever main body 55), a direction indicating portion 57 that indicates the movable direction of the lever portion 52 is provided. In the direction indicating portion 57 of this embodiment, the direction in which the lever body 55 tilts and the direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts with respect to the base 51 are displayed as arrows.

  The posture changing unit 53 is an actuator that connects the operation panel main body 4 and the base 51. The posture changing unit 53 can switch the base posture, which is the posture of the base 51 with respect to the operation panel body 4, to a plurality of (three in this embodiment) states and can hold the base posture after switching. Yes. Accordingly, the posture changing unit 53 can switch the posture of the base 51 with respect to the bed 11 to any one of a plurality of base postures via the operation panel main body 4 and the exterior portion 12. Based on the signal from the posture selection switch 6, the posture changing unit 53 moves the base 51 so that one of the three base postures of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture becomes the base posture. .

  Here, the first posture is the state shown in FIG. 3, where the extending direction of the lever axis 55 of the lever main body 55 in the neutral position is the Z-axis direction, and the elongated hole extends. This is the attitude of the base 51 in which the direction is the X-axis direction. Therefore, in the first posture, the direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the movement direction of the column 131, and the lever main body 55 tilts in the X-axis direction with respect to the base 51. In the first posture, the rotation direction of the lever main body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the table 14, and the lever main body 55 is centered on a rotation axis extending in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Rotate.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the second posture is a state in which the extending direction of the lever axis 55 of the lever body 55 in the neutral position is the X-axis direction, and the extending direction of the elongated hole is the Y-axis direction. It is the attitude | position of the base 51 used as the state made into. Therefore, in the second posture, the direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the grindstone head 133, and the lever main body 55 tilts in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base 51. In the second posture, the direction of rotation of the lever body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the direction of rotation of the saddle 132, and the lever body 55 has a rotation axis extending in the X-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Rotates as the center.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the third posture is a state in which the direction in which the lever axis O5 of the lever main body 55 extends at the neutral position is the Y-axis direction, and the direction in which the elongated hole extends is the Z-axis direction. This is the attitude of the base 51 in a state. Therefore, in the third posture, the direction in which the lever body 55 tilts when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the movement direction of the saddle 132, and the lever body 55 tilts in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base 51. Further, in the third posture, the rotation direction of the lever main body 55 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the grindstone rotation shaft 134, and the lever main body 55 rotates in the Y axis direction with respect to the base 51. Rotate around an axis.

  Therefore, in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, when viewed from the bed 11, the directions in which the lever body 55 tilts are different from each other. Further, in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, when viewed from the bed 11, the extending directions of the lever axis O5 that is the central axis when the lever main body 55 rotates are different from each other. ing.

  Further, in each base posture, the rotational movement of the device in which the extending direction of the lever axis O5 coincides with the extending direction of its own rotating shaft, and the straight movement of the device in which the tilting direction of the lever main body 55 coincides with its own moving direction. It becomes an operation target. Therefore, for example, when the base 51 is in the first posture, the operation target is a straight movement of the column 131 or a rotational movement of the table 14. When the base 51 is in the second posture, the operation target is a straight movement of the grindstone head 133 or rotation of the saddle 132. When the base 51 is in the third posture, the operation target is a linear movement of the saddle 132 or a rotational movement of the grindstone rotating shaft 134.

  The posture selection switch 6 is operated by an operator so that any one of the three base postures of the first base posture, the second base posture, and the third base posture can be selected. Information on the selected base posture is output from the posture selection switch 6 to the control unit 8.

  The control unit 8 is a computer that moves various devices as operation objects in the grinding apparatus main body 10 based on an operation on the operation panel 3 by an operator. The control unit 8 recognizes the movable direction of the lever unit 52 viewed from the bed 11 in each base posture as the operation direction. The control unit 8 moves the operation object on the bed 11 in the same direction as the operation direction. At that time, the control unit 8 moves the various devices of the grinding apparatus main body 10 by a movement amount corresponding to the movable amount of the lever main body 55. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the control unit 8 includes an input unit 81, a determination unit 82, and an output unit 83.

  Operation information from the operation panel 3 is input to the input unit 81. The operation information is, for example, information on the operation direction that is the movable direction of the lever portion 52 in each base posture, information on the amount of movement of the lever main body 55 from the neutral position, and the base posture selected by the posture selection switch 6. Information. In addition, information on the detected current base posture is input from the sensor unit 511 to the input unit 81. The input unit 81 outputs the input operation information to the determination unit 82.

  The determination unit 82 outputs a signal to the output unit 83 so that an instruction to switch to the selected base posture is sent to the posture changing unit 53 based on the base posture information input from the posture selection switch 6. Thereafter, the determination unit 82 determines the operation direction based on the information on the base posture from the sensor unit 511 and determines the movement direction of the operation target. Specifically, the determination unit 82 determines whether or not the base posture information from the posture selection switch 6 matches the base posture information from the sensor unit 511. If it is determined that they match, the determination unit 82 sets the operation target corresponding to each base posture in the direction that matches the movable direction of the lever body 55 based on the operation direction information input from the lever body 55. A signal is output to the output unit 83 so as to be moved. At that time, the determination unit 82 outputs the operation object so as to move according to the movable amount of the lever main body 55 (for example, corresponding to the ratio corresponding to the tilting amount or the rotation amount of the lever main body 55 in advance). A signal is output to the unit 83. If they do not match, the operator may be notified of this via a display device (not shown) provided on the operation panel body 4.

  Based on the signal from the determination unit 82, the output unit 83 sends an instruction to the posture changing unit 53 so that the selected base posture is obtained. Based on the signal from the determination unit 82, the output unit 83 sends an instruction to the operation target to move in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever body 55. As a result, the operation target is moved in the same direction as the operation direction of the lever portion 52 in each base posture.

  Specifically, when the lever main body 55 is tilted with respect to the base 51 in the first posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the column 131 so as to move straight in the same direction. When the lever main body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 in the first posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the table 14 so as to rotate in the same direction.

  Similarly, when the lever main body 55 is tilted with respect to the base 51 in the second posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the grindstone head 133 so as to move straight in the same direction. When the lever main body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 in the second posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the saddle 132 so as to rotate in the same direction.

  When the lever main body 55 is tilted with respect to the base 51 in the third posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the saddle 132 so as to move straight in the same direction. When the lever main body 55 is rotated with respect to the base 51 in the third posture, an instruction is sent from the output unit 83 to the grindstone rotating shaft 134 so as to rotate in the same direction.

  In the gear grinding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment as described above, the operation direction of the lever portion 52 and the bed 11 of the operation target such as the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, the table 14 and the like. Is the same direction as the movement direction. That is, the movement of the lever body 55 and the movement of the operation target are similar. Therefore, the operator can operate the operation object only by moving the lever main body 55 in the moving direction on the bed 11 of the operation object to be moved. Therefore, the operator can intuitively move the operation target in a direction in which the operator wants to move without performing a complicated operation such as operating a plurality of buttons. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the human error at the time of operation can be suppressed.

  Further, the movement directions of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14 that are the operation objects are different from each other. Therefore, there is no device that moves in the same direction on the bed 11, and there is only one device on the bed 11 that moves in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever body 55 operated by the operator. That is, when the lever portion 52 is moved in one direction, the operation object that can be moved is only one of the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14. . Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of the operation object not intended by the operator. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the human error at the time of operation can be suppressed more.

  Further, the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture are determined so that the extending direction and the tilting direction of the lever axis O5 that is the rotation center when the lever body 55 is moved are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, the movement of the lever body 55 is different between the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture. Therefore, the lever body 55 cannot be moved in the same direction in different base postures. As a result, it is possible to prevent the lever portion 52 from being operated in a base posture that should not be operated by an operator by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of the operation object not intended by the operator. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the human error at the time of operation can be suppressed more.

  Further, since the direction indicating portion 57 is formed on the upper end surface of the grip portion 56, the operator can easily recognize the movable direction of the lever body 55 relative to the base portion 51.

  In addition, the base posture is detected by the sensor unit 511, and information on the current base posture is output to the control unit 8. Therefore, it is possible to detect a malfunction such as the base posture switched due to the malfunction of the posture changing unit 53 being different from the actual base posture. Therefore, the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14 can be prevented from moving in unintended directions.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Next, a second embodiment of the gear grinding apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The gear grinding apparatus shown in the second embodiment is partly different from the first embodiment in the operation system. Therefore, in the description of the second embodiment, the same portions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and redundant description is omitted.

  As illustrated in FIG. 7, the operation unit 7 of the operation system 20 </ b> A according to the second embodiment includes a base 71 and a plurality of (three in the present embodiment) lever portions 72.

  The base 71 is fixed to the operation panel main body 4. The base 71 has a base body 711 formed in a spherical shape, and a base connection part 712 that connects the base body 711 to the operation panel body 4.

  The base body 711 has a hollow inside. Holes are formed in the base body 711 in three orthogonal directions with the center as the origin. A lever portion 72 is fitted so as to be movable with respect to the hole.

  The base connection portion 712 has a rod shape. One end of the base connection portion 712 is fixed to the operation panel main body 4, and the other end is fixed to the base main body 711.

  As the lever portion 72, a first lever portion 721, a second lever portion 722, and a third lever portion 723 are provided. The first lever part 721, the second lever part 722, and the third lever part 723 have the same structure, except for the arrangement. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the third lever portion 723 will be described as an example.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the third lever portion 723 includes a lever main body 74, a lever main body support portion 75, and a display portion 79.

  The lever main body 74 has a disk shape centered on the lever axis (center axis) O7. The lever body 74 is a convex curved surface 741 with one surface facing the direction in which the lever axis O7 extends protrudes outward. The lever main body 74 is disposed so that the convex curved surface 741 protrudes from a hole formed in the base main body 711. In the lever main body 74, two concave portions 742 recessed from the convex curved surface 741 are formed apart from each other with the lever axis line O7 interposed therebetween, so that a knob portion that can be gripped by a finger at the center portion through which the lever axis line O7 passes is provided. 743 is configured.

  The lever main body support portion 75 supports the lever main body 74 so as to be tiltable and rotatable with respect to the base main body 711 with respect to the lever axis O7. The lever main body support portion 75 includes a potentiometer 76, a tilt support portion 77, and a tilt amount detection unit 78.

  The potentiometer 76 is disposed in the base body 711. In the potentiometer 76, the meter main body 761 and the meter rotation shaft 762 are rotatable with respect to the meter main body 761. A return spring (not shown) that biases the meter rotation shaft 762 back to the original position is provided in the meter main body 761. The lever main body 74 is fixed to the meter rotation shaft 762 so that the rotation center of the meter rotation shaft 762 coincides with the lever axis O7. That is, the potentiometer 76 supports the lever body 74 so as to be rotatable about the lever axis O7. Thereby, the lever main body 74 can be rotated only in one rotation direction with respect to the base main body 711.

  The tilt support part 77 supports the potentiometer 76 in the base body 711 so as to be tiltable. The tilting support part 77 includes a support part main body 771, a guide rail 772, a guide roller 773, and a spring part 774.

  A meter main body 761 is fixed to the support main body 771. A guide roller 773 is supported on the support body 771 in a rotatable state.

  The guide rail 772 is a bar-shaped member having an arc shape. The guide rail 772 is disposed in a state of being inserted through the support portion main body 771 so that both ends protrude outside the support portion main body 771. The guide rail 772 is fixed inside the base body 711.

  The guide roller 773 can move the support portion main body 771 on an arc by sandwiching the guide rail 772. The guide roller 773 is disposed so as to sandwich the guide rail 772 in a paired state. Two pairs of guide rollers 773 are arranged apart from each other in the direction in which the guide rail 772 extends.

  Two spring portions 774 are provided for one guide rail 772. The spring portion 774 connects the end portion of the guide rail 772 and the support portion main body 771. The support portion main body 771 moved relative to the guide rail 772 is urged so as to return to the original position by the spring portions 774 connected to both ends.

  With the tilt support portion 77 having such a structure, the lever main body 74 is movable in the direction in which the guide rail 772 extends. The lever main body 74 can be tilted along the inner surface of the base main body 711 by the tilt support portion 77.

  The tilt amount detection unit 78 is a sensor that detects the amount of movement of the support body 771 relative to the guide rail 772. The tilt amount detector 78 is housed in the support body 771. The tilt amount detection unit 78 is, for example, a photo reflector that detects a plurality of slits (not shown) formed in the guide rail 772.

  The display unit 79 is provided on a convex curved surface 741 of the lever main body 74 as shown in FIG. The display unit 79 is lit to indicate that input is possible on the third lever unit 723 itself.

  Here, in the first lever portion 721, the extending direction of the lever axis O7 of the lever main body 74 at the neutral position is the Z-axis direction, and the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 is the X-axis direction. Therefore, in the first lever portion 721, the direction in which the lever main body 74 tilts when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the movement direction of the column 131, and the lever main body 74 tilts in the X-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. To do. In the first lever portion 721, the direction of rotation of the lever body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the direction of rotation of the table 14, and the lever body 74 extends in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base body 711. It rotates around the rotation axis.

  In the second lever portion 722, the direction in which the lever axis O7 of the lever main body 74 extends at the neutral position is the X-axis direction, and the direction in which the lever main body 74 tilts is the Y-axis direction. Therefore, in the second lever portion 722, the direction in which the lever main body 74 tilts when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the grindstone head 133, and the lever main body 74 is in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. Tilt. Further, in the second lever portion 722, the rotation direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the saddle 132, and the lever main body 74 extends in the X-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. It rotates around the rotation axis.

  In the third lever portion 723, the extending direction of the lever axis O7 of the lever main body 74 at the neutral position is the Y-axis direction, and the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 is the Z-axis direction. Therefore, in the third lever portion 723, the tilting direction of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the moving direction of the saddle 132, and the lever main body 74 tilts in the Z-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. To do. In the third lever portion 723, the direction of rotation of the lever main body 74 when viewed from the bed 11 corresponds to the rotation direction of the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the lever main body 74 is in the Y-axis direction with respect to the base main body 711. And a rotation axis extending to the center.

  Therefore, in the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723, when viewed from the bed 11, the directions in which the lever body 74 tilts are different from each other. Further, in the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723, when viewed from the bed 11, the extending directions of the lever axis O7, which is the central axis when the lever body 74 rotates, are mutually The directions are orthogonal to each other.

  The operation panel 3A of the second embodiment has a lever selection switch (switching unit) 6A. The lever selection switch 6A is operated by an operator so that any one of a plurality of operation modes can be selected. Here, in one operation mode, only the operation of the corresponding one of the plurality of lever portions 72 is transmitted to the operation object via the control portion 8A. Therefore, the lever portion 72 that is in an inputable state differs between the plurality of operation modes. In the lever selection switch 6A, one of the three operation modes of the first operation mode, the second operation mode, and the third operation mode is selected. Information on the selected operation mode is output from the lever selection switch 6A to the control unit 8A.

  Here, the first operation mode is a state in which only operation information of the first lever unit 721 is input to the control unit 8A. The second operation mode is a state in which only operation information of the second lever portion 722 is input to the control unit 8A. Further, the third operation mode is a state in which only operation information of the third lever portion 723 is input to the control portion 8A.

  In each operation mode, the rotation direction of the device in which the lever axis O7 extends in each lever portion 72 coincides with the direction in which the rotation shaft extends, and the direction in which each lever body 74 tilts coincides with the movement direction. The target is the straight movement of the device to be operated. Therefore, for example, in the first operation mode, the operation target is a straight movement of the column 131 or a rotational movement of the table 14. In the second operation mode, the operation target is a straight movement of the grindstone head 133 or the rotation of the saddle 132. In the third operation mode, the operation target is a linear movement of the saddle 132 or a rotational movement of the grindstone rotating shaft 134.

  As shown in FIG. 9, operation information from the operation panel 3A is input to the input unit 81A of the second embodiment. The operation information is, for example, information on the operation direction that is the movable direction of each lever portion 72, information on the amount of movement of the lever main body 74 from the neutral position, and information on the operation mode selected by the lever selection switch 6A. Information on the operation direction and information on the movable amount are input from the meter main body 761 of the lever main body support 75 and the tilt amount detector 78. The input unit 81A outputs the input operation information to the determination unit 82A.

  Based on the information on the operation mode input from the lever selection switch 6A, the determination unit 82A of the second embodiment outputs to send an instruction to turn on the display unit 79 of the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode. A signal is output to the unit 83A. Thereafter, the determination unit 82A determines whether or not the operation information input from the lever body support unit 75 is operation information from the lever unit 72 corresponding to the operation mode selected by the lever selection switch 6A. When it is determined that the operation information is from the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode, the operation corresponding to each lever unit 72 is determined based on the operation direction information input from the lever body support unit 75. A signal is output to the output unit 83A so as to move the object in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever body 74. At that time, the determination unit 82A outputs a signal to the output unit 83A so as to move the operation target according to the movable amount of the lever main body 74. If the determination unit 82A determines that the operation information is not from the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode, the determination unit 82A does not output a signal to the output unit 83A.

  Based on the signal from the determination unit 82A, the output unit 83A sends an instruction to turn on the display unit 79 of the lever unit 72 corresponding to the selected operation mode. Based on the signal from the determination unit 82A, the output unit 83A sends an instruction to the operation target so as to move in a direction that matches the movable direction of the lever main body 74. As a result, the operation target is moved in the same direction as the operation direction of each lever portion 72.

  Specifically, in a state where the first operation mode is selected, when the lever main body 74 of the first lever portion 721 is tilted with respect to the base main body 711, the column from the output portion 83A is moved so as to move straight in the same direction. An instruction is sent to 131. Further, when the lever main body 74 of the first lever portion 721 is rotated with respect to the base main body 711 with the first operation mode selected, the output unit 83A instructs the table 14 to rotate in the same direction. Will be sent.

  Similarly, when the second operation mode is selected and the lever main body 74 of the second lever portion 722 is tilted with respect to the base main body 711, the grindstone head 133 is moved from the output portion 83A so as to move straight in the same direction. Instructions are sent to In addition, when the lever main body 74 of the second lever portion 722 is rotated with respect to the base main body 711 with the second operation mode selected, the output portion 83A instructs the saddle 132 to rotate in the same direction. Will be sent.

  When the lever main body 74 of the third lever portion 723 is tilted with respect to the base main body 711 in the state where the third operation mode is selected, an instruction is sent from the output portion 83A to the saddle 132 so as to move straight in the same direction. It is done. In addition, when the lever main body 74 of the third lever portion 723 is rotated with respect to the base main body 711 in a state where the third operation mode is selected, the grindstone rotating shaft 134 from the output portion 83A is rotated so as to rotate in the same direction. Instructions are sent to

  In the gear grinding apparatus 1A of the second embodiment as described above, the operation direction of the lever portion 72, the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, the table 14 and the like, as in the first embodiment. The moving direction of the operation object on the bed 11 is the same direction. That is, the movement of the lever main body 74 and the movement of the operation target are similar. Therefore, the operator can intuitively operate the operation object simply by moving the lever main body 74 in the moving direction on the bed 11 of the operation object to be moved.

  Furthermore, only operation information in one operation mode is transmitted to the operation object via the control unit 8A. Therefore, the operation with the lever portion 72 corresponding to the operation mode other than the selected operation mode is invalidated without being reflected in the operation target. Therefore, even if the lever portion 72 is moved in a state where the operation mode is selected incorrectly, the operation object does not move. That is, it is possible to prevent the operation object not intended by the operator from moving. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the human error at the time of operation can be suppressed more reliably.

  Further, similarly to the first embodiment, not only there is no operation object moved in the same direction, but the movable directions of the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723 are different. Therefore, in the first lever portion 721, the second lever portion 722, and the third lever portion 723, the movement of the lever main body 74 is different. Therefore, the lever main body 74 cannot be moved in the same direction in different lever portions 72. As a result, it is possible to prevent the operator from operating the lever portion 72 that should not be operated by mistake. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the movement of the operation object not intended by the operator. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the human error at the time of operation can be suppressed more.

  Furthermore, unlike the first embodiment, there is no need to switch the attitude of the base 71 with respect to the operation panel body 4. That is, it is not necessary to provide an actuator for changing the posture. As a result, it is possible to obtain an operation system 20A that can suppress the generation of human errors during operation while suppressing costs.

  In addition, when the display unit 79 is lit, the operator can confirm at a glance which lever unit 72 is in a state where input is possible. Therefore, the operator can perform the operation more intuitively.

(Other variations of the embodiment)
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the configurations and combinations of the embodiments in the embodiments are examples, and the addition and omission of configurations are within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention. , Substitutions, and other changes are possible. Further, the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, and is limited only by the scope of the claims.

  Note that the machine tool is not limited to the gear grinding apparatus 1 or 1A as in the present embodiment. The machine tool should just be a machine tool which has a some moving part and processes the workpiece | work W with a tool. For example, the machine tool may be a multi-axis control machining center.

  Further, the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14 are not limited to moving in the direction shown in the present embodiment. The column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, the grindstone rotating shaft 134, and the table 14 only need to be movable with respect to the bed 11 with at least one of the linear movement direction and the single rotation direction as the movement direction.

  The operation systems 20 and 20A are not limited to moving only the column 131, the saddle 132, the grindstone head 133, and the table 14. The operation systems 20, 20 </ b> A need only be able to adjust the position of the moving unit that can move with respect to the bed 11. For example, the operation systems 20 and 20A may adjust the positions of the swivel ring 151 and the tail stock 153.

  The operation systems 20 and 20A are not limited to the structure in which the operation panel body 4 is fixed to the exterior part 12. For example, the operation panel main body 4 may not be provided in the exterior part 12, and the operation systems 20 and 20 </ b> A may be provided at positions separated from the grinding apparatus main body 10.

  The lever portions 52 and 72 are not limited to a structure in which only one straight direction and one rotation direction are movable directions with respect to the base portions 51 and 71 as in the present embodiment. The movable direction seen from the bed 11 of the lever portions 52 and 72 only needs to correspond to the moving direction of any of the plurality of operation objects. For example, the lever portions 52 and 72 are connected to the base portions 51 and 71. On the other hand, a plurality of different rectilinear directions and rotational directions may be set as the movable directions.

  Further, the posture changing unit 53 in the first embodiment is not limited to the structure for switching the posture of the base 51 with respect to the operation panel main body 4, and it is sufficient that the posture of the base 51 with respect to the bed 11 can be switched. Further, the posture changing unit 53 is not limited to a configuration that can be switched to all of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture as in the first embodiment. The posture changing unit 53 only needs to be switchable to two or more base postures of the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture.

  Further, in the first embodiment, in the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, when viewed from the grinding device main body 10, the direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts and the rotation axis when rotating are orthogonal to each other. It is not limited to that. In the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, the direction in which the lever main body 55 tilts and the direction in which the rotation axes intersect with each other when viewed from the grinding apparatus main body 10 may be used.

  In the first embodiment, the posture selection switch 6 may not be provided. In this case, it is preferable that a device for outputting information on the base posture to the control unit 8 is provided by causing the lever portion 52 to be tilted by the operator to be in any base posture.

  Further, the operation unit 7 of the second embodiment is not limited to a structure including all of the first lever unit 721, the second lever unit 722, and the third lever unit 723 as the lever unit 72. Two or more of the first lever part 721, the second lever part 722, and the third lever part 723 may be provided for one base body 711.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A ... Gear grinding machine T ... Grinding wheel W ... Workpiece 10 ... Grinding machine main body 11 ... Bed 12 ... Exterior part 121 ... Window 13 ... Grinding wheel support part 131 ... Column 132 ... Saddle O1 ... Saddle axis 133 ... Grinding wheel head 134 ... Grinding wheel Rotating axis O2 ... Whetstone axis 14 ... Table O3 ... Table axis 15 ... Counter column O4 ... Counter column axis 151 ... Swivel ring 152 ... Gripper 153 ... Tailstock 20, 20A ... Control system 3, 3A ... Control panel 4 ... Control panel body 5, 7 ... Operation part 51, 71 ... Base part 511 ... Sensor part 52, 72 ... Lever part O5, O7 ... Lever axis 55, 74 ... Lever main body 56 ... Grip part 57 ... Direction instruction part 53 ... Posture change part 6 ... Posture Selection switch 8, 8A ... Control unit 81, 81A ... Input unit 82, 82A ... Fixed portion 83, 83A ... Output portion 711 ... Base portion main body 712 ... Base portion connecting portion 721 ... First lever portion 722 ... Second lever portion 723 ... Third lever portion 741 ... Convex curved surface 742 ... Concavity portion 743 ... Knob portion 75 ... Lever body Supporting part 76 ... Potentiometer 761 ... Meter body part 762 ... Meter rotating shaft 77 ... Tilt support part 771 ... Supporting part body 772 ... Guide rail 773 ... Guide roller 774 ... Spring part 78 ... Tilt amount detection part 79 ... Display part 6A ... Lever Select switch

Claims (8)

A machine tool body having a bed and a movable part movable with respect to the bed, and machining a workpiece;
An operation system for adjusting the position of the moving unit,
The operation system includes:
The base,
A lever portion that is provided at the base and can be operated with a linear direction and a rotational direction as a movable direction with respect to the base;
A switching unit capable of switching a base posture, which is a posture of the base with respect to the bed, between a plurality of base postures;
A movement instruction unit that moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operation direction, with the movable direction of the lever unit viewed from the bed as the operation direction when the lever unit is operated in each of the base postures; Machine tool with. The machine tool body has a plurality of the moving parts,
The plurality of moving parts are movable with respect to the bed as a moving direction in at least one of a linearly moving direction and a rotating direction, and the moving directions are different from each other,
2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the movable direction of the lever portion viewed from the bed in each of the base postures corresponds to a moving direction of any one of the plurality of moving units. . The plurality of base postures include two or more of a first posture, a second posture, and a third posture,
In the first posture, the second posture, and the third posture, when viewed from the machine tool body, the linearly moving directions are different directions intersecting each other, and are centered at the rotation center in the one rotational direction. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the extending directions of the axes are different directions intersecting each other.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation system includes a direction indicating section that indicates the movable direction of the lever section. The operation system has a sensor unit that detects the base posture of the base,
The said movement instruction | indication part discriminate | determines the said operation direction based on the said base attitude | position detected by the said sensor part, and judges the moving direction of the said moving part. Machine Tools. A machine tool body having a bed and a movable part movable with respect to the bed, and machining a workpiece;
An operation system for adjusting the position of the moving unit,
The operation system includes:
The base,
A plurality of lever portions that are provided on the base and can be operated with only one linear direction and one rotation direction as the movable direction with respect to the base, and the movable directions are different from each other;
A switching unit capable of switching between a plurality of operation modes,
In the plurality of operation modes, it is possible to input only one operation of the lever portion that is different between the plurality of operation modes.
The operation system includes a movement instruction unit that moves the moving unit in the same direction as the operation direction, with the movable direction viewed from the bed in the lever unit being input in the operation mode. And a machine tool. The plurality of lever portions include two or more of a first lever portion, a second lever portion, and a third lever portion,
The first lever portion, the second lever portion, and the third lever portion, when viewed from the machine tool main body, are different in directions in which the linear movement directions are orthogonal to each other, and rotate in the one rotation direction. The machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the directions in which the central axis extends at the center are different directions orthogonal to each other.   The machine tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the operation system includes a display unit that displays on the lever unit itself that an input is possible in each of the operation modes.

Images