JP2019136793A - Machine tool and work processing method of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a machine tool that can quickly perform automatic replacement of a work-piece to reduce total machining time.SOLUTION: The machine tool comprises a machining part that machines a work-piece attached to a pallet arranged vertically, a pallet storing/replacing part that stores the pallet vertically, and a work-piece stage switching part that replaces the work-piece attached to the vertically stored pallet. The pallet storing/replacing part automatically replaces a plurality of pallets clamping the work-piece to the pallet and the machining part prevents chatter by pressing a roller against a surface of the work-piece accompanying movement in an X-axis direction of a spindle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly to a processing method for a so-called thin workpiece such as a resin plate or an aluminum plate.

There are machine tools that perform processing such as cutting and drilling by three-dimensional relative movement between the workpiece and tool. Among them, processing of so-called thin workpieces, that is, model processing of automobiles as well as processing of wood and resin Numerical control routers (the router here means close to a “cutting machine”) are widely used in the field of cutting materials such as thin parts or lighter than iron, such as aircraft parts processing. In particular, a gantry type is often used in which the table to which the workpiece (and its pallet) is attached is used as the fixed side, and the spindle head side including the tool is controlled to move in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions (for example, patents) Reference 1).

The processing of a thin workpiece in such a conventional gantry type machine tool, for example, is to place a long base plate such as 1200 mm × 2400 mm horizontally on a table of a vertical machine tool and vacuum the workpiece from below. It was processed by adsorbing.

JP 2003-145384 A

Since the conventional machine tool described above is a vertical type, a relatively large installation space is required, and there is a problem in terms of space saving. In addition, it takes a long time to replace the workpiece because the next workpiece is processed while the original plate is set, removed when the processing is completed, and the place to be sucked is changed depending on the size of the object to be processed. There was a problem. In particular, during the workpiece exchange, the spindle is occupied by the work from the beginning to the end of the exchange operation, and machining cannot be performed. Therefore, there is a problem that the total machining time becomes long.

The present invention has been made for the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is that it can be installed in a small space, can automatically change workpieces, and can shorten the total machining time. An object of the present invention is to provide a possible machine tool and a method for machining the workpiece.

The present inventor is able to install a machine tool and a work machining method thereof in a space-saving manner, and can perform automatic work exchange quickly, and various types of structures that can reduce the total machining time. As a result of diligent research on the structure of the machine, regarding a new processing method for thin workpieces, the machine tool is constructed in a space-saving manner with a “horizontal” machine, the base plate is clamped to the pallet, multiple pallets are automatically replaced, and the spindle X Along with the movement in the axial direction, the roller is pressed against the workpiece surface to prevent chattering, allowing space saving and automatic workpiece replacement, which can reduce the total machining time. I found that it can be shortened.

That is, the machine tool according to the present invention replaces a workpiece mounted on a vertical pallet, a machining unit that processes the workpiece mounted in the horizontal direction, a pallet storage / exchange unit that stores the pallet vertically, and a workpiece mounted on the vertical pallet. And a pallet receiving / exchanging unit that automatically replaces a plurality of pallets in which the workpiece is clamped to the pallet, and the processing unit is configured to move a roller along with the movement of the spindle in the X-axis direction. It is characterized in that chatter is pressed against the work surface to prevent chatter.

  In addition, the work processing method of the present invention is a construction of a machine tool in a space-saving manner using a horizontal machine, a base plate is clamped to a pallet, a plurality of pallets are automatically replaced, and a roller is moved along with the movement of the spindle in the X-axis direction. The workpiece is processed by a tool attached to the spindle tip from the lateral direction while pressing against the workpiece surface to prevent chatter.

According to the present invention, it is possible to save space by configuring the machine tool in a horizontal shape, and it is possible to automatically operate the machine tool by automatically changing the pallet.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a 1st figure which shows the structure of NC (numerical control) router as one Embodiment of the machine tool which concerns on this invention, (A) is the front view, (B) is the top view, (C) Is a right side view thereof. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a pallet accommodation / exchange unit and a workpiece setup changing unit (work setup station) in FIG. It is an enlarged view of the processing part (processing station) in FIG. It is an enlarged view of the processing part (processing station) in FIG. (A) is the enlarged view of the process part (processing station) in the right view of FIG.1 (C), (B) is further the elements on larger scale of FIG. 5 (A), (C) is FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the Y-axis feed unit and the like in FIG. 3. FIG. 5A is a second partial enlarged view of FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B is an enlarged explanatory view of the pallet clamp portion, and FIG. FIG. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the principal part of NC router of this embodiment, The spindle head (moving side) and work (fixed side) which provided the clamp structure (side structure) of the work and the pallet, the pressing roller and the tool at the front-end | tip ) Is a diagram for explaining the relationship.

In the present invention, the machine tool is constructed in a space-saving manner with a vertical machine, the base plate is clamped to the pallet, a plurality of pallets are automatically replaced, and the roller is pushed against the workpiece surface as the spindle moves in the X-axis direction. By adopting a configuration in which the workpiece is processed with a tool attached to the tip of the spindle from the lateral direction while preventing contact chatter, space can be saved, and automatic workpiece replacement can be performed quickly, A machine tool that can reduce the total machining time has been realized. Hereinafter, an NC router as an embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention and a processing method for a thin workpiece (for example, a resin plate) by the NC router will be described with reference to FIGS. The NC (Numerous Control = Router) router of this embodiment is, for example, a resin plate having a length of 2400 mm × width of 1200 mm × thickness of 10 mm or the like, that is, a plate made of synthetic resin (plastic) as a base plate (work). It is a machine tool that cuts out workpieces of various shapes from a base plate (work), and is a machine tool that is used for processing so-called thin workpieces such as aluminum plates and composite plates in addition to resin plates. Note that the size of the base plate material can be accommodated within the accommodation range of the pallet, and processing of a resin plate having a length of 1800 mm × width of 900 mm × thickness of 3 mm or 5 mm is also possible.

FIG. 1 is a first view showing a configuration of an NC (numerical control) router as an embodiment of a machine tool according to the present invention, (A) is a front view thereof, and (B) is a plan view thereof. , (C) is a right side view thereof. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the pallet accommodation / exchange unit and the workpiece setup changing unit (work setup station) in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the processing portion (processing station) in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the processing unit (processing station) in FIG. FIG. 5A is an enlarged view of a processing portion (processing station) in the right side view of FIG. 1C, and FIG. 5B is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 5A. FIG. 5C is a partially enlarged view of the Y-axis feed unit and the like in FIG. 6A is a second partial enlarged view of FIG. 5A, FIG. 6B is an enlarged explanatory view of the pallet clamp portion, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged explanatory view of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the NC router 100 of the present embodiment mainly includes a processing unit (processing station) 200, a pallet accommodation / exchange unit 300, and a work setup change unit (work setup station). 400. The pallet accommodation / exchange unit 300 includes an automatic pallet changer (hereinafter referred to as an APC device) 302. The workpiece setup changer 400 includes a pallet unloader 402 and its drive motor 404. When the pallet unloader 402 is driven by the rotation of the drive motor 404 and the pallet is unloaded, the workpiece setup changer 400 is in the workpiece setup change position 406. The operator can change the setup of the workpiece. Note that the pallet unloader 402 is a device that loads and unloads the pallet P to and from the work setup changer 400, is driven by a servo motor, and can automatically load and unload the pallet P by a sensor function. The processing unit 200 has a configuration in which the workpiece W (and its pallet P) is set and temporarily fixed, and the spindle head side including the tool 205 is controlled to move in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. doing. That is, the processing unit 200 includes a Z unit 207 including a processing head 202, a Y unit 206 including a work pressing roller 206c and a work pressing cylinder 206b, an X1 unit 203 as a lower base portion, and an X2 unit 204 as an upper portion. The servo motor 203a and the X2-axis servo motor 204b are operated synchronously to control the X-axis, and the Y-axis servo motor 206a and the Z-axis servo motor 207a perform 3-axis control. Note that several tool changers 209 are attached to the tool replacement position from the fixed part of the apparatus, and the X, Y, and Z axes are controlled at the tool replacement position to replace the tool. The machining head 202 has a tool clamp cylinder 202c and a spindle head 202h, and a tool 205 is attached to the tip of the spindle head 202h. The processing unit 200 includes a pallet loader 208 and a drive motor 208a thereof. The pallet loader 208 is a device that loads and unloads the pallet P to and from the processing unit (processing station) 200, is driven by a servo motor, and can automatically load and unload the pallet P by a sensor function. Moreover, the process part 200 has the some pallet clamp 250, as shown to FIG. 1 (A). Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, the processing unit 200 is provided with a plurality of pallet carry-in guides 212, and a pallet on which a workpiece to be machined next is placed while being guided by these let-in guides 212. Are carried into the processing unit 200 from the APC device 302.

In the NC router 100 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1B in particular, a plurality of pallets P on which workpieces W to be processed are placed are accommodated in an APC apparatus 302, and this APC apparatus The pallet P is automatically supplied from 302 to the processing unit 200.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the main part of the NC router of the present embodiment. The workpiece and pallet clamping structure (side configuration), a spindle head (moving side) provided with a pressing roller and a tool at the tip, It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship of a workpiece | work (fixed side). As shown in FIG. 7, the pallet P is clamped (gripped) by the pallet clamp 250 while being guided by the pallet carry-in guides 212a and 212b. The pallet clamp 250 includes a pallet clamp X in the X-axis direction and a pallet clamp Z in the Z-axis direction, as shown in FIGS. Note that the pallet clamp and unclamp in the X-axis direction and the pallet clamp and unclamp in the Z-axis direction are executed by an air device described later. Further, the workpiece W is clamped (gripped) by the workpiece clamp 260 while being mounted on the inner side surface IS of the pallet P, and the surface thereof is pressed to the pallet P side by the workpiece pressing roller 206c. The work pressing roller 206c is connected to the air cylinder 206b, and the work W is pressed in the thickness direction by the expansion / contraction operation of the air cylinder 206b. Thus, by processing while pressing the workpiece W by the workpiece pressing roller 206c, chatter due to reaction when the workpiece 205 is processed by the tool 205 can be prevented, and processing unevenness on the workpiece W can be eliminated. The work pressing roller 206c is fixed to the Y-axis unit, and the roller is lowered at the processing position to press the work W in the thickness direction and move in conjunction with the operation of the X-axis.

As is clear from FIGS. 1A and 1C in particular, the NC router 100 according to the present embodiment is constructed by a “horizontal” machine, and generates chips, chips, and the like generated when the workpiece W is processed by the tool 205. Since it is dropped downward without accumulating inside the machine, it is easy to clean and remove chips and chips. The NC router 100 according to the present embodiment includes an NC device, a control panel, an operation panel, and the like (not shown), and also includes various air devices (not shown) such as an air filter and a regulator in addition to the air cylinder 206b. Tool clamping and unclamping, air blow of dust and the like adhering to the tool, pallet clamping and unclamping in the X-axis direction, pallet clamping and unclamping in the Z-axis direction, etc. are executed.

A method for processing a workpiece W made of a resin plate by the NC router 100 of this embodiment will be described. First, a long base plate is manually attached to the pallet P, the outer periphery of the workpiece W, which is a workpiece, is clamped, and is loaded into the NC router 100 machine by a loader unit. The NC router 100 is a horizontal machine, has a plurality of tool changers 209, creates a nesting program and performs a program operation so that a large number of products can be efficiently taken from the base plate. When the processing of the pallet P from the base plate is completed, the APC device 302 replaces the pallet P with the next base plate. In addition, the pallet P that has been processed is driven by the rotation of the drive motor 404 so that the pallet unloader 402 is driven, and the pallet P is unloaded to the workpiece setup changer 400. Manually unclamp the workpiece W and take out the base plate. The processed workpiece W may have several parts that are not completely cut for each part. In that case, the workpiece W may be cut with a jigsaw or the like and the product taken out.
Here, the adsorption holding of the workpiece W will be described. In addition to the method of processing by pressing the front side of the workpiece W, the method of adsorbing the back surface of the workpiece W with various workpiece materials and thickness is adsorbed on the back surface of the workpiece W in FIGS. 5 (A) and 6 (A). The pad is pressed and sucked by the air cylinder 270. The suction pad is automatically separated from the workpiece W by the air cylinder 270, pressed, sucked, or automatically controlled according to the processing position.

According to the present invention, a machine tool is constructed in a space-saving manner with a “horizontal” machine, a base plate (work W) to be machined is clamped on a pallet P, a plurality of pallets P are automatically replaced, and the X axis of the spindle With the movement of the direction, the presser roller 206c is pressed against the surface of the workpiece W to prevent chattering, and the workpiece is processed with a tool attached to the spindle tip from the lateral direction, so that the workpiece W can be automatically replaced. This can be done quickly and the total machining time can be shortened. Further, it is a “horizontal” machine, and a plurality of pallets P on which workpieces W to be machined are set up are supplied from the APC device 302 into the processing unit 200, and the workpieces W in this standing state are processed by the tool 205. In addition to enabling space-saving machining, chips and chips generated when machining the workpiece W with the tool 205 are dropped downward without accumulating on the workpiece W.・ Easy to clean and remove chips. Further, in such a horizontal machine configuration, by pressing the workpiece W from the Z-axis direction by the workpiece pressing roller 206c, chatter due to reaction when the workpiece W is processed by the tool 205 is prevented, and machining unevenness on the workpiece W is eliminated. be able to. Depending on the type and shape of the workpiece, vacuum suction from the back side can also be performed automatically by pressing the suction pad against the workpiece W with the air cylinder 270, releasing it, or automatically by suction ON / OFF control. Yes. Unlike the conventional machine in which a long base plate is placed horizontally on a table of a vertical machine tool and the workpiece is processed by vacuum suction from below, the workpiece is moved downward in the present invention. It is no longer necessary to adsorb with vacuum.

  In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to an NC router that processes a thin workpiece such as a resin plate or an aluminum plate. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be widely applied to machine tools in general.

P pallet, W work, 200 processing section, 300 pallet storage / exchange section,
400 Work changer, 100 NC router (machine tool),
206a Workpiece presser roller, 205 Tool (tool)

Claims (2)

A processing unit that processes the workpiece mounted on the vertical pallet from the side, a pallet storage / exchange unit that stores the pallet vertically, and a workpiece setup changer that replaces the workpiece mounted on the vertical pallet, The pallet storage / exchange unit automatically replaces a plurality of pallets in which the workpiece is clamped to the pallet, and the processing unit presses a roller against the surface of the workpiece as the spindle moves in the X-axis direction. A machine tool characterized by preventing. The machine tool is built in a space-saving machine with a horizontal machine, the base plate is clamped to the pallet, multiple pallets are automatically replaced, and the roller is pressed against the workpiece surface as the spindle moves in the X-axis direction to prevent chatter. Meanwhile, the workpiece machining method, wherein the workpiece is machined from a lateral direction by a tool attached to the spindle tip.

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