JP2019122949A - Method of disposing of incineration fly ash and other waste - Google Patents
Method of disposing of incineration fly ash and other waste Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
Description
本発明は、廃棄物の処理再利用方法、特に焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of waste treatment and reuse, in particular to a method of treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes.
台湾では、都市ゴミの処理方式として、主に焼却方式が使用されており、ゴミの焼却処理によりボトムアッシュとフライアッシュが発生してしまい、その内、ボトムアッシュの発生量がゴミ焼却処理量の約１５〜２０％、フライアッシュ発生量がゴミ焼却処理量の約３〜８％である。従来、ボトムアッシュについては再利用技術により処理されているが、フライアッシュは硬化埋立法によってしか処理できない。 In Taiwan, the incineration method is mainly used as a method for treating urban waste, and bottom ash and fly ash are generated by waste incineration treatment, and among them, the amount of bottom ash generated is the amount of waste incineration treatment About 15 to 20%, and the amount of fly ash generated is about 3 to 8% of the waste incineration treatment amount. Conventionally, bottom ash has been treated by recycling technology, but fly ash can only be treated by the hardening and landfill method.
台湾環境保護庁の２０１６年の統計によれば、１年間あたりに国内の大型焼却炉が約２９．６万トンのフライアッシュを発生させ、このフライアッシュには、ダイオキシンの含有量が環境保護法規による標準（＜１．０ｎｇ Ｉ−ＴＥＱ／ｇ）を超えないものの、環境保護法規による標準（ＴＣＬＰ、重金属毒性固有浸出操作）を超える有害物質、たとえば鉛、カドミウム等の重金属が含まれているため、各焼却プラントは化学薬品、セメント等の硬化剤を添加することでフライアッシュを硬化させた後に埋め立てるしかない。しかし、硬化後のフライアッシュは体積も重量も増加してしまい、輸送コストを増加するだけでなく、埋立処分場の空間の深刻な不足を引き起こし、さらに、フライアッシュが硬化されても、埋立地に長期放置すると、重金属を放出して土壌や地下水を汚染する恐れがある。 According to the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency's 2016 statistics, a large domestic incinerator generates about 296,000 tons of fly ash per year, and the content of dioxin in this fly ash is an environmental protection law. Although it does not exceed the standard (<1.0 ng I-TEQ / g), it contains harmful substances exceeding the standard (TCLP, heavy metal toxicity inherent leaching operation) according to the environmental protection law, for example, heavy metals such as lead and cadmium Each incineration plant can only be buried after curing fly ash by adding a curing agent such as chemicals and cement. However, the hardened fly ash increases in volume and weight, which not only increases the transportation cost but also causes a serious shortage of space in the landfill site, and even if the fly ash is hardened, the landfill site If left standing for a long time, it may release heavy metals and contaminate soil and groundwater.
フライアッシュを処理する問題を解決するために、台湾の県市の地方政府は、フライアッシュを溶融することで環境に無害な物質にするような高温溶融を用いたフライアッシュ処理計画を立てているが、高温溶融法の運転温度が１３００℃以上でなければならないことから、装置や操作のコストの高騰を引き起こし、実用に適さない。 In order to solve the problem of treating fly ash, the provincial government of the provincial city of Taiwan has developed a fly ash treatment plan using high temperature melting to make the material harmless to the environment by melting fly ash. However, since the operating temperature of the high temperature melting method must be 1300 ° C. or higher, the cost of equipment and operation is increased, which is not suitable for practical use.
本発明の主な目的は、８００〜１１００℃の溶融温度で廃棄物を処理でき、廃棄物処理のコストを大幅に削減させる、焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法を提供することである。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes which can treat waste at a melting temperature of 800-1100 ° C. and greatly reduce the cost of waste disposal .
本発明の別の目的は、環境に無害で、回収して再利用することのできる最終固体生成物を安定的に生産でき、後続処理に必要な空間を減少させるだけでなく、環境への二次汚染を回避できる焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法を提供することである。 Another object of the present invention is to be able to stably produce the final solid product harmless to the environment and recoverable and recyclable, not only to reduce the space required for subsequent processing, but also to the environment. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes that can avoid the following pollution.
さらに、上記目的を達成させるために、本発明は、少なくとも１種の添加物と廃棄物を８００〜１１００℃の温度で溶融反応させて、溶融生成物を得る焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法であって、該添加物は鉄含有化合物、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質、酸化カルシウム、カルシウム化合物、ガラス又はアルカリ金属化合物であることを特徴とする処理方法を開示する。 Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a method for melting and reacting at least one additive and waste at a temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C. to obtain a molten product of incinerated fly ash and other wastes. A processing method is disclosed, wherein the additive is an iron-containing compound, calcium fluoride, a material containing calcium fluoride, calcium oxide, a calcium compound, glass or an alkali metal compound.
さらに、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、塩化カルシウムを含有する廃棄物を提供するステップａと、
少なくとも１種の添加物を提供して、該廃棄物と所定の比率で混合して、混合物を得るステップｂと、
該混合物を８００〜１１００℃の温度で溶融反応させるステップｃと、
溶融生成物を得るステップｄとを備える。
Furthermore, the method of treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to the present invention comprises the steps of: providing a waste containing calcium chloride;
Providing at least one additive and mixing with said waste in a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixture b.
Melting the mixture at a temperature of 800-1100 ° C. c)
And d) obtaining a molten product.
該ステップｄによる該溶融生成物を石、瓦礫又は鉱物に類似した固体にするために、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、該ステップｃと該ステップｄの間に、該ステップｃで得られた生成物を冷却させるステップｃ１をさらに備える。 The method for treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to the present invention, between the step c and the step d, in order to make the molten product according to the step d a stone, rubble or mineral similar solid. The method further includes the step c1 of cooling the product obtained in the step c.
本発明の実施例では、該廃棄物は焼却フライアッシュ又は電気めっきスラッジである。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the waste is incineration fly ash or electroplating sludge.
該廃棄物の組成成分及び該添加物の組成成分によって、該溶融生成物が変化し、たとえばフッ化塩化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウム、塩化カルシウム又は／及びその他成分がある。 Depending on the composition of the waste and the composition of the additive, the molten product changes, for example, calcium fluoride fluoride, calcium fluoride, calcium chloride or / and other components.
該混合物の量によって、該ステップｃにおける溶融反応の時間が異なり、一般的に、必要な反応時間は約５〜６０分間であり、好ましくは１０分間以下である。 Depending on the amount of the mixture, the time of the melt reaction in step c will vary, generally the required reaction time is about 5 to 60 minutes, preferably 10 minutes or less.
本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法に必要な溶融温度を８００〜１１００℃にするために、該廃棄物と該添加物は所定比率で混合され、且つ、溶融温度は添加物の組成、添加物や該廃棄物に関連する。一例として、該廃棄物が焼却フライアッシュである場合、該廃棄物と該添加物の比率は１：５．７〜１：０．４である。 In order to bring the melting temperature required for the method of treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to the present invention to 800-1100 ° C., the waste and the additive are mixed in a predetermined ratio, and the melting temperature is an additive Related to the composition, additives and the waste. As an example, when the waste is incinerated fly ash, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1: 5.7 to 1: 0.4.
好ましくは、該廃棄物が焼却フライアッシュであり、且つ該添加物がフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質である場合、該廃棄物と該添加物の比率は１：２．３〜１：０．４である。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash and the additive is a material containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1: 2.3 to 1: 0.4. It is.
好ましくは、該廃棄物が焼却フライアッシュであり、且つ該添加物がフッ化カルシウムである場合、該廃棄物と該添加物の比率は１：１．５〜１：０．４である。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash and the additive is calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1: 1.5 to 1: 0.4.
好ましくは、該廃棄物が焼却フライアッシュであり、且つ該添加物がガラス及びフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質を含有する場合、該廃棄物、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質及びガラスの比率は１：１：２〜１：１：０．２である。 Preferably, when the waste is incineration fly ash and the additive contains a material containing glass and calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the material containing calcium fluoride and glass is 1: 1: 2 to 1: 1: 0.2.
好ましくは、該廃棄物が焼却フライアッシュであり、且つ該添加物が酸化カルシウム及びフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質を含有する場合、該廃棄物、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質及び酸化カルシウムの比率は１：２．４：０．６〜１：１．７：０．６である。 Preferably, when the waste is incinerated fly ash and the additive contains a substance containing calcium oxide and calcium fluoride, the ratio of the substance containing the calcium fluoride and the calcium oxide is 1: 2.4: 0.6 to 1: 1.7: 0.6.
好ましくは、該添加物にはガラス、鉄スラグ及びカルシウム化合物が含まれる場合、該廃棄物、カルシウム化合物及び鉄スラグの重量比率は１：１：３．３３：１．３３〜１：１：１．３３：３．３３であり、溶融温度は約８００〜８５０℃である。具体的に、鉄スラグは過鉄酸カリウムから合成されるものである。 Preferably, when the additive includes glass, iron slag and calcium compound, the weight ratio of the waste, calcium compound and iron slag is 1: 1: 3.33: 1.33 to 1: 1: 1. .33: 3.33 and the melting temperature is about 800-850.degree. Specifically, iron slag is synthesized from potassium perferrate.
また、本発明の別の実施例では、該ステップｃと該ステップｄの間に、該ステップｃで得られた生成物を所定形状にするステップｃ１をさらに備える。 In another embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes, between step c and step d, a step c1 of shaping the product obtained in step c into a predetermined shape.
本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、焼却フライアッシュと少なくとも１種の添加物を所定比率で混合することによって、約８００〜１１００℃の温度で溶融反応させて、固体溶融生成物が得られ得、該溶融生成物は回収して再利用することが可能であり、それによって、効果的に汚染を削減させる効果を奏する。 The method for treating incineration fly ash and other wastes according to the present invention comprises melting and reacting at a temperature of about 800-1100 ° C. by mixing incineration fly ash and at least one additive in a predetermined ratio to obtain solid melting A product can be obtained, and the molten product can be recovered and reused, thereby effectively reducing pollution.
また、本発明で言われる焼却フライアッシュは、ゴミを焼却処理した後に残った廃棄物であり、従来の文献に示されるように、焼却フライアッシュの組成には、たとえば塩化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム等の塩化物、及び、たとえばアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のようなほかの化合物が主に含まれている。 In addition, the incineration fly ash referred to in the present invention is a waste left after incineration treatment of waste, and as shown in the conventional literature, the composition of incineration fly ash includes, for example, calcium chloride, calcium oxide, water Chlorides, such as calcium oxide, and other compounds, such as, for example, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, are mainly included.
本発明の一実施例による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、下記ステップを含む。 A method of treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
ステップａ、焼却フライアッシュを提供する。 Step a, provide incineration fly ash.
ステップｂ、少なくとも１種の添加剤を提供して、該焼却フライアッシュと０．４：１〜３：１の比率で混合して、フライアッシュ混合物を得る。
該添加物がフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質である場合、該廃棄物と該添加物の比率は１：２．３〜１：０．４であり、
該添加物がフッ化カルシウムである場合、該廃棄物と該添加物の比率は１：１．５〜１：０．４であり、
該添加物にガラス及びフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質が含まれる場合、該廃棄物、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質及びガラスの比率は１：１：２〜１：１：０．２であり、
該添加物に酸化カルシウム及びフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質が含まれる場合、該廃棄物、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質及び酸化カルシウムの比率は１：２．４：０．６〜１：１．７：０．６である。
Step b, providing at least one additive and mixing with the incinerated fly ash in a ratio of 0.4: 1 to 3: 1 to obtain a fly ash mixture.
When the additive is a material containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1: 2.3 to 1: 0.4,
When the additive is calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste to the additive is 1: 1.5 to 1: 0.4,
When the additive includes a glass and a substance containing calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the substance containing calcium fluoride and the glass is 1: 1: 2 to 1: 1: 0.2,
When the additive contains a substance containing calcium oxide and calcium fluoride, the ratio of the waste, the substance containing calcium fluoride and the calcium oxide is 1: 2.4: 0.6 to 1: 1. 7: 0.6.
ステップｃ、該フライアッシュ混合物を、８００〜１１００℃の溶融操作温度で、約５〜６０分間溶融処理する。 Step c, Melt the fly ash mixture at a melt operating temperature of 800-1100 ° C. for about 5-60 minutes.
ステップｄ、該ステップｃで得られた生成物を冷却させる。 Step d, cooling the product obtained in step c.
ステップｅ、溶融生成物を得る。 Step e, obtaining a molten product.
上記ステップによって、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、重金属又は有害物質を含有する廃棄物、たとえば焼却フライアッシュ、電気めっきスラッジ等の物質と、少なくとも１種の添加物とを混合して、温度１０００〜１１００℃で低温共晶反応を発生させ、環境保護法規に合致し且つ環境に無害な該溶融生成物を得ることができる。具体的に、冷却された該溶融生成物は固体物質になり、図１に示すように、直接埋立処分又は回収再利用が可能である。 According to the above steps, the method for treating incineration fly ash and other wastes according to the present invention comprises wastes containing heavy metals or harmful substances, such as incineration fly ash, substances such as electroplating sludge, and at least one additive. Can be mixed to generate a low temperature eutectic reaction at a temperature of 1000.degree. C. to 1100.degree. C. to obtain the molten product in compliance with environmental protection regulations and harmless to the environment. Specifically, the cooled molten product becomes a solid substance, and as shown in FIG. 1, direct landfill disposal or recovery reuse is possible.
また、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法では、ステップｂは、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者が公知する方式、たとえば回転混合、撹拌混合により混合を行い、もしくは、たとえば回転窯、スパイラルミキサー、タンブリング可能な容器等の装置を補助として均一に混合する。 Also, in the method of treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes according to the present invention, step b is a method known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, eg mixing by rotational mixing, stirring mixing or Mix evenly with the aid of equipment such as a rotary kiln, a spiral mixer, a tumbleable container etc.
ステップｃの溶融反応は電力、バイオマス燃料、石化燃料（ｆｏｓｓｉｌ ｆｕｅｌ、化石燃料とも呼ばれる）、可燃性廃棄物等をエネルギーとする溶融炉内で行われる。溶融反応形態として、該フライアッシュ混合物の量に応じて連続式反応又は分回式溶融が使用される。 The melting reaction in step c is carried out in a melting furnace using as energy energy such as electric power, biomass fuel, fossil fuel (also called fossil fuel), combustible waste and the like. Depending on the amount of the fly ash mixture, continuous reaction or partial melting is used as the melt reaction form.
本発明の別の実施例では、該焼却フライアッシュとカルシウム泥、ガラス及び鉄スラグを含有する添加物とを混合してフライアッシュ混合物を得て、カルシウム泥はフッ化カルシウムを含有する汚泥であり、焼却フライアッシュ、カルシウム泥、ガラス及び鉄スラグの重量比率は約１：１：３．３３：１．３３〜１：１：１．３３：３．３３であり、該フライアッシュ混合物は約８００〜８５０℃の温度で溶融反応を行うことができ、降温冷却後、硬くて極めて難溶な固体溶融生成物になる以外、ステップは上記実施例と同様である。 In another embodiment of the present invention, the incineration fly ash is mixed with additives containing calcium mud, glass and iron slag to obtain a fly ash mixture, and the calcium mud is a sludge containing calcium fluoride. The weight ratio of incineration fly ash, calcium mud, glass and iron slag is about 1: 1: 3.33: 1.33 to 1: 1: 1.33: 3.33, and the fly ash mixture is about 800 The steps are the same as in the above example except that the melting reaction can be carried out at a temperature of ~ 850 ° C, and after cooling down to a solid, very hard to dissolve solid melt product.
当業者でれば、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法に基づいて、それぞれ適切な装置を選択し又は適切な装置を設計でき、一例として、回転窯などの撹拌装置及び溶融炉を一体に組み立てることで、自動的且つ連続的に廃棄物を処理できるようにする。 Those skilled in the art can select appropriate devices or design appropriate devices based on the incineration fly ash and other waste disposal methods according to the present invention, for example, stirring devices such as rotary kilns and melting devices. By assembling the furnace together, waste can be processed automatically and continuously.
また、ステップｃの溶融反応際、揮発性生成物及び極めて少量の二次フライアッシュを発生させ、該二次フライアッシュは従来の空気汚染処置用の捕獲装置によって収集されて、次の溶融反応用の廃棄物とされることができ、ただし、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法を実際に実施したところ、２〜８％のみの原料が揮発され又は二次フライアッシュになり、言い換えれば、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、９２％以上より高い廃棄物を処理でき、すなわち、本発明による方法は廃棄物減量効果を果たす。 Also, during the melting reaction of step c, volatile products and very small amounts of secondary fly ash are generated, which are collected by conventional air pollution treatment capture devices for the next melting reaction. However, when the method of treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to the present invention is actually implemented, only 2 to 8% of the raw material is volatilized or becomes secondary fly ash. In other words, the method of treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to the present invention can treat waste higher than 92%, ie, the method according to the present invention achieves the waste reduction effect.
ステップｄでは、当業者が公知する技術によって冷却させ、たとえば、大気に晒されて自然冷却させたり、高速に水冷させたり、又は強制的に空気を導入して冷却させたり、溶融炉に入れて自然降温させたりする。 In step d, cooling is performed according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, for example, exposure to the atmosphere for natural cooling, high-speed water cooling, or forced introduction of air for cooling, or placing in a melting furnace Let it cool down naturally.
また、本発明の別の実施例による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法では、該ステップｃと該ステップｄの間に、該ステップｃで得られた生成物を所定形状にするステップｃ１をさらに備える以外、ステップは上記実施例と同様である。 In the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes according to another embodiment of the present invention, the step c1 is a step of forming the product obtained in the step c into a predetermined shape between the step c and the step d. The steps are the same as the above embodiment except that
一例として、該ステップｃ１は、造粒機構を利用して該ステップｃで得られた生成物を粒子にする。 As an example, the step c1 uses a granulating mechanism to make the product obtained in the step c into particles.
以下、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法の効果を証明するために、表を参照しながら更に説明する。 In the following, in order to prove the effect of the incineration fly ash and other waste treatment method according to the present invention, it will be further described with reference to the table.
実例１：異なる配合比率のフライアッシュ混合物の溶融操作温度 Example 1: Melt operating temperature of fly ash mixture of different blending ratio
下表１に示される配合比率で溶融試験を行った結果、異なる配合比率のフライアッシュ混合物の溶融温度はそれぞれ下表１に示される。 As a result of performing a melting test with the compounding ratio shown in Table 1 below, the melting temperatures of fly ash mixtures with different compounding ratios are shown in Table 1 below, respectively.
表１ 異なる組成のフライアッシュ混合物の溶融反応結果
Table 1 Melt reaction results of fly ash mixtures of different composition
上表１の結果から明らかなように、焼却フライアッシュと添加物を１：３〜１：０．４の重量比率で混合した場合、溶融操作温度を効果的に１０００〜１１００℃に低下でき、且つ、添加物にフッ化カルシウムを含有する物質とガラスが含まれる場合、溶融温度をガラスを含有しない場合よりも低下させ、さらに、焼却フライアッシュ、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質及びガラスの混合比率が１：１：０．８６〜１：１：１．３３である場合は最適であった。 As apparent from the results in Table 1 above, when the incinerated fly ash and the additive are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 0.4, the melting operation temperature can be effectively lowered to 1000 to 1100 ° C. In addition, when the additive contains a substance containing calcium fluoride and glass, the melting temperature is lowered as compared to the case where no glass is contained, and furthermore, the mixing ratio of the incinerated fly ash, the substance containing calcium fluoride and the glass Is optimal when the ratio is 1: 1: 0.86 to 1: 1: 1.33.
実例２：由来の異なるフライアッシュ組成物の溶融温度の検出 Example 2: Detection of melting temperature of different fly ash compositions of origin
由来の異なるフライアッシュの組成が異なるため、本発明による方法は、フライアッシュの由来に関わらず、溶融操作温度を低下させる効果があることを証明するために、それぞれ後里、文山、新店焼却プラント由来のフライアッシュをカルシウム泥及び／又はガラス及び／又は鉄スラグとともに所定温度で１０分間焼結し、それぞれ由来の異なるフライアッシュ組成物の溶融操作温度を測定し、下表２−表４に示す。 In order to prove that the method according to the present invention has the effect of lowering the melting operation temperature regardless of the origin of fly ash, the composition according to the present invention is different from that of fly ash having different origins. Sintered fly ash with calcium mud and / or glass and / or iron slag for 10 minutes at a predetermined temperature, and measured the melting operation temperatures of different fly ash compositions derived from each as shown in Table 2-Table 4 below. .
表２：後里由来のフライアッシュ組成物の溶融操作温度
Table 2: Melting operating temperature of fly ash composition derived from Gori
表３：文山由来のフライアッシュ組成物の溶融操作温度
Table 3: Melting operating temperature of fly ash composition derived from Wenshan
表４：新店由来のフライアッシュ組成物の溶融操作温度
Table 4: Melt operating temperatures of fly ash compositions from new stores
上表２−表４から明らかなように、由来の異なるフライアッシュをカルシウム泥を含有する添加物と混合すると、融点を効果的に低下でき、且つ、添加物に鉄スラグが含まれる場合、フライアッシュ混合物の溶融操作温度は約８００℃まで低下でき、つまり、フライアッシュと添加物の重量比率が１：５．６７であり、且つ、該混合物に含まれる鉄スラグ、フライアッシュ、カルシウム泥、ガラス及び鉄スラグの重量比率が約１：１：３．３３：１．３３〜１：１：１．３３：３．３３である場合、フライアッシュ混合物の溶融操作温度は１０００℃以下に低下される。 As is apparent from Table 2 above, mixing fly ash of different origin with calcium mud-containing additives can effectively lower the melting point, and when the additives contain iron slag, it is possible to fly. The melting operation temperature of the ash mixture can be lowered to about 800 ° C., that is, the weight ratio of fly ash to additive is 1: 5.67, and iron slag, fly ash, calcium mud, glass contained in the mixture And the melting operation temperature of the fly ash mixture is lowered to 1000 ° C. or less when the weight ratio of iron slag and iron slag is about 1: 1: 3.33: 1.33 to 1: 1: 1.33: 3.33 .
以上から明らかなように、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法によって由来の異なるフライアッシュを処理することによって、すべての溶融操作温度を効果的に低下させて、廃棄物処理のコストを削減できる。 As is apparent from the above, by treating different fly ash derived from the incineration fly ash and other waste disposal methods according to the present invention, all melting operation temperatures can be effectively reduced for waste treatment. Cost can be reduced.
実例３：溶融生成物の構造分析 Example 3: Structural analysis of molten product
それぞれ下表５に記載の重量比率で、後里由来のフライアッシュと添加物を配合してフライアッシュ組成物を得て、その溶融操作温度で溶融反応させた後、それぞれ電子顕微鏡観察でその構造を観察して、結果を図２−５に示す。 The fly ash composition is obtained by blending fly ash derived from Guri and additives according to the weight ratios described in Table 5 below, respectively, and the melt reaction is performed at the melting operation temperature, and then the structure is observed by electron microscopy. And the results are shown in Figure 2-5.
表５：フライアッシュ組成物の組成及び溶融操作温度
Table 5: Composition of fly ash composition and melting operation temperature
図２−５の結果から明らかなように、溶融生成物は固体状で、且つ構造が緩んだ粉末ではなく、それから明らかなように、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、フライアッシュ混合物を低エネルギー消費量で固体生成物に変換でき、このように、フライアッシュによる環境汚染を削減できるとともに、廃棄物の体積を効果的に減少できる。 As apparent from the results of FIGS. 2-5, the molten product is solid and not a loose powder, and it is apparent from the results that the method for treating incineration fly ash and other wastes according to the present invention is The fly ash mixture can be converted to a solid product with low energy consumption, thus reducing environmental pollution from fly ash and effectively reducing waste volume.
実例４：溶融生成物の毒性検出 Example 4: Toxicity detection of molten product
それぞれ表２−表４中の番号Ｈ−１〜Ｈ−３、Ｈ−１１、Ｈ−１２、Ｓ−１〜Ｓ−３、Ｗ−１〜Ｗ−２の配合比率で、フライアッシュ混合物を製造して、それぞれの溶融操作温度で溶融反応を約１０分間行った後、それぞれ各フライアッシュ混合物の溶融生成物について重金属毒性固有浸出操作（ＴＣＬＰ）方法により分析した。各該溶融生成物から得られた重金属濃度を我が国の従来の法規に規定された基準値と比較して、結果を図６−図９に示し、ここで、我が国の環境保護法規規に規定された廃棄物における重金属標準は以下のとおりである。銅１５ｍｇ／Ｌ；鉛５ｍｇ／Ｌ；カドミウム１ｍｇ／Ｌ；クロム５ｍｇ／Ｌ；バリウム１００ｍｇ／Ｌ；砒素５ｍｇ／Ｌ；水銀０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ；亜鉛、ニッケル（規範無し）。 A fly ash mixture is produced at compounding ratios of numbers H-1 to H-3, H-11, H-12, S-1 to S-3, and W-1 to W-2 in Table 2 to Table 4, respectively. Then, after performing the melting reaction for about 10 minutes at each melting operation temperature, the molten products of the respective fly ash mixtures were analyzed by the heavy metal toxicity inherent leaching operation (TCLP) method. The heavy metal concentration obtained from each of the molten products is compared with the standard value defined in the conventional Japanese laws and regulations, and the results are shown in FIG. 6 to FIG. Heavy metal standards in wastes are as follows. Lead 15 mg / L; lead 5 mg / L; cadmium 1 mg / L; chromium 5 mg / L; barium 100 mg / L; arsenic 5 mg / L; mercury 0.2 mg / L; zinc, nickel (no norm).
図６−図９の結果から明らかなように、異なる配合比率のフライアッシュ混合物が溶融反応を行って低温で生じた溶融生成物において、重金属の含有量がすべて台湾環境保護法規による標準以下であった。上記結果から明らかなように、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、低温環境において短時間内で溶融反応を行うことで、廃棄物中の重金属を化学変換、鉱物化又は無害化させるとともに、有機汚染物を除去し、環境保護法規（ＴＣＩＰ標準）に合致した溶融生成物を生産でき、さらに資源回収再利用を可能にし、たとえば砂石の代わりとして使用できる。 As is apparent from the results of FIGS. 6 to 9, all the heavy metal contents in the molten product produced at a low temperature as fly ash mixtures of different compounding ratios undergo a melting reaction are below the standard according to the Taiwan Environmental Protection Law. The As is apparent from the above results, the method for treating incinerated fly ash and other wastes according to the present invention performs chemical reaction, mineralization or heavy metals in wastes by performing a melting reaction in a short time in a low temperature environment. As well as detoxifying, organic contaminants can be removed, molten products conforming to environmental protection regulations (TCIP standard) can be produced, resource recovery and reuse can be made possible, and it can be used, for example, as a substitute for sandstone.
以上のとおり、本発明による焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法は、８００〜１１００℃の溶融操作温度で共晶及び環合反応を発生させて、環境に無害な溶融生成物を生産でき、以下の利点がある。
まず、溶融温度を大幅に低下させて、廃棄物を処理するためのエネルギー及びコストを削減できる。
次に、エネルギーの使用量を低下させることで、温室効果ガスの排出量を減少できる。
さらに、溶融生成物の体積が小さく且つ砂石の代わりとして再利用可能であり、埋立処分のコストを減少又は除去できるだけでなく、経済的利益がある。
最後に、溶融生成物は環境汚染性がなく、環境への二次汚染を招くことがない。
As described above, the method for treating incineration fly ash and other wastes according to the present invention can generate eutectic and cyclization reactions at a melting operation temperature of 800 to 1100 ° C. to produce an environmentally harmless molten product. , Has the following advantages.
First, the melting temperature can be significantly reduced to reduce the energy and cost to treat the waste.
Second, reducing the amount of energy used can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In addition, the volume of the molten product is small and reusable as a substitute for sandstone, which not only can reduce or eliminate the cost of landfill disposal, but also has economic benefits.
Finally, the molten product is not polluting and does not cause secondary pollution to the environment.
Claims (13)
該添加物は鉄含有化合物、カルシウム化合物、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化カルシウムを含有する物質、酸化カルシウム、アルカリ金属化合物及びガラスからなる群から選ばれることを特徴とする処理方法。 A method of treating incineration fly ash and other wastes, comprising melting reaction of at least one additive with waste at a temperature of 800-1100 ° C. to obtain a molten product,
The additive is selected from the group consisting of an iron-containing compound, a calcium compound, calcium fluoride, a material containing calcium fluoride, calcium oxide, an alkali metal compound and glass.
少なくとも１種の添加物を提供して、該廃棄物と所定の比率で混合して、混合物を得るステップｂと、
該混合物を８００〜１１００℃の温度で溶融反応させるステップｃと、
溶融生成物を得るステップｄとを備える請求項１に記載の焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法。 Providing a waste containing calcium chloride;
Providing at least one additive and mixing with said waste in a predetermined ratio to obtain a mixture b.
Melting the mixture at a temperature of 800-1100 ° C. c)
A process for treating incinerated fly ash and other waste according to claim 1, comprising the step d) of obtaining a molten product.
該ステップｃで得られた生成物を冷却させるステップｃ１をさらに備える請求項２に記載の焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法。 Between the step c and the step d,
The method for treating incineration fly ash and other waste according to claim 2, further comprising a step c1 of cooling the product obtained in the step c.
該ステップｃで得られた生成物を所定形状にするステップｃ１をさらに備える請求項２に記載の焼却フライアッシュ及びほかの廃棄物の処理方法。
Between the step c and the step d,
The method for treating incineration fly ash and other waste according to claim 2, further comprising step c1 of shaping the product obtained in step c into a predetermined shape.
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