JP2019086494A - Load setting device, scratch device, load setting method, and scratch method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a load setting device, a scratch device, a load setting method, and a scratch method capable of appropriately setting a cutting load of a cutter knife to a specimen for obtaining cutting depth when scoring a cutting scratch having a predetermined cutting depth to a metal foundation of the specimen by the cutting knife.SOLUTION: A load setting device 120 sets a cutting load of a cutter knife CN to a specimen S by a computer, and includes an acquisition part 121 for acquiring a cutting depth (h) of a cutting scratch CL from a metal foundation surface of the specimen S, a Vickers hardness Hv of the metal foundation of the specimen S, and a shape of the cutter knife CN, a computation part 122 for calculating a cutting load F of the cutter knife CN from a predetermined expression, on the basis of the acquired information, and a setting part 123 for setting the calculated cutting load F of the cutter knife CN to a cutting load of the cutter knife CN.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

  The present invention appropriately sets the cutting load of the cutter knife to the test piece for obtaining the cutting depth when scoring the cutting material of the predetermined cutting depth on the metal base of the test piece with the cutter knife. The present invention relates to a load setting device, a scratch device, a load setting method and a scratch method.

According to JIS K5600, a test method is defined in which a cutting blade that reaches the metal base surface of a coated metal test piece made of a surface-coated metal material coated on a metal surface is attached with a cutter knife to evaluate the corrosion state.
Here, when a cutting knife that reaches the metal base surface of a painted metal test piece painted on a metal surface is attached with a cutter knife, conventionally, a worker cuts the cutting stick reaching the metal base surface of the test piece. In this case, the cutting knife is attached with a cutter knife of a scratch device equipped with a cutting knife or a cutter knife, and in this case, the depth (cutting depth) of the cutting ridge is very important and the material of each test piece It is required that a cutting knife of a predetermined depth of cut be placed on the cutter with a cutter knife over a predetermined length.

On the other hand, according to Non-Patent Document 1, a pencil hardness tester is mounted on a commercially available replaceable blade type cutter knife and crosscut (with a cross-shaped cutting wedge in a test piece) is performed with a constant load. It is stated that it investigated.
That is, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that as the effect of the cutting load, the cutting depth increases as the cutting load on the test piece increases, and the blister width tends to increase as the cutting load increases.

Makoto Terada, "Influence of cross-cut conditions on coating film blister of steel sheet", Iron and Steel, Japan Iron and Steel Institute, vol. 73, SA 160 (1987)

However, the conventional non-patent document 1 has the following problems.
That is, although it is described in Non-Patent Document 1 that the cutting depth increases with an increase in the cutting load of the cutter knife on the test piece, the cutting flaws of a predetermined cutting depth are scored for each material of the test piece. There is no consideration as to how much the cutting load of the cutter knife should be for the test piece when writing.

Therefore, for example, when a cutting knife having a predetermined cutting depth is attached to a test piece with a cutter knife of a scratch device equipped with a cutter knife, the cutting depth is set using the consideration described in Non-Patent Document 1 It is not possible to set the cutting load of the cutter knife on the specimen to be obtained.
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve this conventional problem, and the object thereof is to cut a metal plate of a test piece with a cutting knife with a cutting knife of a predetermined cutting depth. It is an object of the present invention to provide a load setting device, a scratch device, a load setting method and a scratch method capable of appropriately setting the infeed load of a cutter knife to a test piece for obtaining a depth.

  In order to achieve the above object, a load setting device according to one aspect of the present invention is to obtain a cutting depth of a predetermined depth of cut on a metal substrate of a test piece with a cutter knife. A load setting device for setting the cutting load of the cutter knife with respect to the test piece using a computer, the cutting depth h of the chip from the metal base surface of the test piece, the metal base of the test piece Vickers hardness Hv, an acquisition unit for acquiring the shape of the cutter knife, and a cutting depth h of the obtained cutting rod from the metal substrate surface of the test piece, Vickers hardness Hv of the metal substrate of the test piece, and the above Based on the shape of the cutter knife, a calculation unit that calculates the cutting load F of the cutter knife according to the following equation (1), and the calculated cutting load F of the cutter knife It is summarized as that a setting unit for setting the cut load of the cutter against migraine.

F = k × h ² × Hv / a (1)
Here, k is a constant, and h ² / a is the contact area of the cutter knife and the metal substrate at the time of cutting.
Moreover, the scratch apparatus which concerns on another aspect of this invention makes it a summary to have the above-mentioned load setting apparatus.

  Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a load setting method according to the present invention, wherein, when scoring a cutting edge of a predetermined cutting depth on a metal substrate of a test piece with a cutter knife, the test piece for obtaining the cutting depth A load setting method for setting the cutting load of the cutter knife using a computer, comprising: cutting depth h of the cutting rod from the metal base surface of the test piece; Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece; Step of acquiring the shape of the cutter knife, and the depth of cut h of the test piece from the metal base surface of the obtained cutting rod, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece, and the shape of the cutter knife Calculating the cutting load F of the cutter knife according to the equation (1) described above, and calculating the cutting load F of the cutter knife against the test piece And summarized in that and a step of setting the cut load the serial cutter knife.

  Furthermore, a scratch method according to another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the cutter knife is cut into the test piece by the cut load of the cutter knife on the test piece set by the load setting method described above. Do.

  According to the load setting device, the scratch device, the load setting method and the scratch method of the present invention, when scoring a cutting edge of a predetermined cutting depth on a metal substrate of a test piece with a cutter knife, the cutting depth is obtained It is possible to provide a load setting device, a scratch device, a load setting method and a scratch method capable of appropriately setting the infeed load of the cutter knife with respect to the test piece.

It is a perspective view of a scratch device provided with a load setting part (load setting device) concerning one embodiment of the present invention. In the scratch device shown in FIG. 1, it is a partial top view which expands and shows the part of a scratch device main body. It is sectional drawing in alignment with line 3-3 in FIG. In the scratch apparatus shown in FIG. 1, it is a perspective view of a cutter knife holding means. FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of the scratch device shown in FIG. 1 in a state in which the tip of the cutter knife has entered into the gap portion of the blade edge folding mechanism. FIG. 6 is a partial plan view of the scratch device in the state shown in FIG. 5; It is a partial top view which expands and shows a part of cutting edge folding mechanism. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control system of the scratch apparatus shown in FIG. It is a block diagram of a load setting part (load setting device). It is a flowchart of a load setting part (load setting apparatus). It is a flowchart of a control part. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state in which a cutting wedge CL is scored on a test material by changing a cutting load by a cutter knife at a pitch of 100 g between 200 and 2100 g using the scratch device shown in FIG. In a), the cutting load is changed at a pitch of 100 g between 200 and 1100 g and the surface of one of the test pieces is scored, and in the state of (b) the cutting load is changed to 1200 to 2100 g. It shows the condition where the surface of the test material is scribed with a cutting edge. It is a cross section which shows the state which observed the cross section of a part of test material shown in FIG. 12 with an optical microscope. In the test material shown in FIG. 12 (a), a cross section obtained by cutting at three points (starting point, center, terminal end) along the cutting direction at a cutting load of 200 g, 500 g, and 1000 g with a cutting load is observed with an optical microscope It is a sectional view showing. The cutting load of the cutter knife and the metal base of the test material of the cutting rod when changing the cutting load of the cutting knife with a pitch of 100 g between 200 and 2100 g and marking the cutting edge with respect to the test material It is a graph which shows the relationship with the cut depth from the surface. Fig. 1 shows a cutter knife used in a test in which a cutting load is changed and a score is scored on a test material by using a scratch device 1 shown in Fig. 1, (a) is a right side view, (b) is It is a front view. It is a schematic diagram when the tip corner part of a cutter knife contacts a sample material at C point. It is the schematic diagram which looked at an indentation formed in a sample material when a tip corner of a cutter knife contacts a sample material at point C, and is further cut down to predetermined position C 'seen from a plane. A schematic view of an indentation formed on a test material when a tip corner of a cutter knife contacts the test material at point C and is further cut to a predetermined position C ′, and an impression in the schematic view It is the schematic diagram which sterically transformed a part (part enclosed by A, B, C, C ') of. A schematic view of an indentation formed on a test material when a tip corner of a cutter knife contacts the test material at point C and is further cut to a predetermined position C ′, and an impression in the schematic view It is the schematic diagram which sterically converted the other part (part enclosed by B, D, C, and C ') of. The calculated cutting load values for which the cutting load of the cutter knife was calculated based on the cutting depth of the cutter knife, the Vickers hardness of the steel plate base of the test material, and the shape factor of the cutter knife were plotted in the graph shown in FIG. It is a graph.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. An embodiment is an example of a scratch device provided with a load setting unit (load setting device).
The drawings are schematic. Therefore, it should be noted that the relationship between the thickness and the plane dimension, the ratio, etc. is different from the actual one, and some parts have different dimensional relationships and ratios among the drawings. In addition, the embodiments described below illustrate apparatuses and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention includes materials, shapes, structures, and arrangements of component parts. Etc. are not specified in the following embodiment.

  FIG. 1 shows a scratch device 1 provided with a load setting unit (load setting device) 120 (see FIG. 8) according to an embodiment of the present invention. This scratch device 1 is a metal test piece or a paint A cutting edge that reaches the metal base m surface (see FIG. 13) of a coated metal test piece (hereinafter referred to as a metal test piece and a coated metal test piece collectively referred to as a test piece) consisting of a surface coated metal material subjected to plating or the like CL marking is performed, a table 10, a pedestal 30 for fixing the test piece S on the upper surface, a scratching device main body 40 for marking a cutting edge reaching the metal base on the surface of the test piece S, a cutting edge folding mechanism 100 And have.

The scratch device 1 is housed inside a scoring casing (not shown), and the table 10 is fixed to the casing portion of the scoring casing.
The table 10 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and an XY moving mechanism 11 that allows the scratch device body 40 to move in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, which are planar directions, is provided on the upper surface thereof.

  The XY moving mechanism 11 is provided on the table 10 so as to be movable along the X axis rails 12 and a pair of X axis rails 12 extending in the X axis direction and separated by a predetermined distance along the Y axis direction. A plurality of X-axis slide members 13 and a flat X-axis moving member 14 fixed to the upper surface of the X-axis slide member 13 are provided. The X-axis moving member 14 is movable in the X-axis direction by a first ball screw mechanism 16 connected to the X-axis motor 15. The first ball screw mechanism 16 includes a first screw shaft 17 that is connected to the rotation shaft of the X-axis motor 15 and rotates, and a first nut portion 18 that moves in the X-axis direction as the first screw shaft 17 rotates. And the X-axis moving member 14 is fixed to the first nut portion 18.

  In addition, the XY moving mechanism 11 includes a Y axis rail 19 extending in the Y axis direction fixed on the X axis moving member 14, a Y axis slide member 20 provided movably along the Y axis rail 19, and Y A flat Y-axis moving member 21 fixed to the upper surface of the shaft slide member 20 is provided. The Y-axis moving member 21 is movable in the Y-axis direction by a second ball screw mechanism 24 connected to the Y-axis motor 22. The second ball screw mechanism 24 is moved in the Y-axis direction along with the rotation of the second screw shaft 25 that is connected to the rotation shaft of the Y-axis motor 22 via the belt 23 and rotates, and the second screw shaft 25 The Y-axis moving member 21 is fixed to the second nut portion 26.

Next, the pedestal 30 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and the test piece S is fixed to the upper surface thereof by a plurality of fixing members 34. The pedestal 30 is arranged to float slightly above the table 10, and is configured to rotate in the rotational direction indicated by the arrow θ by the pedestal rotation motor 32 of the pedestal rotation mechanism 31.
The scratch device main body 40 further includes cutter knife holding means 50 for holding a cutter knife CN for marking a cutting edge CL reaching the metal base surface of the test piece S fixed on the pedestal 30, and the cutter knife holding means 50. And elevating and load applying means 80 for raising / lowering in the Z-axis direction, which is the direction, and applying a predetermined load to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN when the tip corner of the cutter knife CN contacts the test piece S There is.

Here, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the elevating and load applying means 80 is supported movably in the vertical direction with respect to the base portion 81 and at the position where the position in the vertical direction is controlled by the position control mechanism 90. The control slider 83 is provided with a freely movable slider 85 which is vertically movable with respect to the position control slider 83 and supported so as to be lowered by its own weight and which fixes the cutter knife holding means 50.
The base portion 81 is fixed to the upper surface of the Y-axis moving member 21 of the XY moving mechanism 11, as shown in FIG. 3, and one side main surface (right side main surface in FIG. 3) of the base portion 81 is vertically A pair of first rails 82 extending in the Z-axis direction is provided.

  The position control slider 83 is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a pair of first plate members 83b and 83c separated by a predetermined distance in the X axis direction and a pair of first plate members 83b separated by a predetermined distance in the Y axis direction. , 83c, and a pair of second plate members 83d, 83e. The one second plate member 83 d of the position control slider 83 is provided with a pair of first slide members 83 f supported so as to move up and down along the first rails 82 provided on the base portion 81. Further, the other second plate member 83e of the position control slider 83 is provided with an opening 83a for inserting a connecting member 86 described later and restricting the vertical movement of the connecting member 86. Further, a pair of second rails 84 extending in the Z-axis direction, which is the vertical direction, is provided on one main surface (main surface on the right side in FIG. 3) of the other second plate member 83e.

  The position control mechanism 90 for controlling the position of the position control slider 83 in the vertical direction includes a lift motor 91, a screw shaft 93 connected to the rotation shaft of the lift motor 91 via a belt 92, and a screw shaft 93. And a nut portion 94 which moves up and down with the rotation of the lens. The position control slider 83 is fixed to the nut 94.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the free movement slider 85 is formed in a rectangular plate shape, and is provided on the position control slider 83 on one side main surface (main surface on the left side in FIG. 3). A pair of second slide members 85 a supported so as to be vertically movable along the two rails 84 are provided. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a plate-like connecting member 86 is fixed between the pair of second slide members 85 a of the free movement slider 85. The connecting member 86 passes through the opening 83a of the position control slider 83 and enters the inside of the position control slider 83, as shown in FIG. 3, and the piston of the air cylinder 88 of the load adjusting mechanism 87 described later The rod 88a is connected. The free moving slider 85 is configured to descend by its own weight. The substrate portion 51 of the cutter knife holding means 50 is fixed to the other main surface (main surface on the right side in FIG. 3) of the free movement slider 85.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the lifting and lowering and load applying means 80 is connected to the free moving slider 85 and directed to the tip of the cutter knife CN in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity (upward) or in the direction of gravity (downward) To adjust the load of the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 applied to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN when the tip corner of the cutter knife CN contacts the test piece S. A load adjustment mechanism 87 is provided to apply a predetermined load to the end corner of the cutter knife CN. The load adjusting mechanism 87 is an air cylinder 88 having a piston rod 88a connected to the connecting member 86 to apply a load in the direction opposite to the gravity direction (upward) or in the gravity direction (downward) to the end corner of the cutter knife CN. And an electro-pneumatic regulator 89 (see FIG. 6) for controlling the air pressure of the air cylinder 88. The air cylinder 88 is fixed to the second plate 83 e of the position control slider 83 and connected to the electro-pneumatic regulator 89. The electro-pneumatic regulator 89 is electrically connected to a control unit 130 (see FIG. 6) described later.

Next, the cutter knife holding means 50 is shown in FIG. 4 and comprises a substrate portion 51 fixed to the free moving slider 85. The substrate portion 51 has a substantially rectangular shape, but as shown in FIG. 1, the substrate portion 51 is fixed to the freely movable slider 85 so that the longitudinal direction is inclined with respect to the Z axis direction and the X axis direction.
Then, the cutter knife holding means 50 holds a blade base of the cutter knife CN and moves the cutter knife CN in a direction in which the cutter knife CN extends (direction shown by arrows a1 and a2 in FIG. 4). A cutter blade holding mechanism 70 is provided for holding the vicinity of the tip of the cutter knife CN from the thickness direction of the blade (the direction indicated by arrows b1 and b2 in FIG. 4).

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cutter advancing / retracting mechanism 60 has a screw shaft support 61 fixed to the base 51, a screw shaft 64 rotatably supported by the screw shaft support 61, and a screw shaft 64. A cutter knife motor 62 for rotating the belt 63 via a belt 63, a nut portion 65 for advancing and retracting the cutter knife CN in the extending direction (the direction indicated by arrows a1 and a2 in FIG. 4) as the screw shaft 64 rotates The cutter knife holding base 66 fixed to the portion 65 and the cutter knife holding base 66 attached by the mounting bolt 68 and holding the blade of the cutter knife C in a form sandwiching the cutter knife holding base 66 with the cutter knife holding And a plate 67.

The cutter knife CN extends and advances / retracts in the direction indicated by the arrows a1 and a2, but the direction indicated by the arrows a1 and a2 inclines with respect to the Z axis direction and the X axis direction which are the vertical directions. The tip contacts the test piece S in an inclined state.
The cutter advancing / retracting mechanism 60 feeds out the tip of the cutter knife CN by a predetermined distance in the direction indicated by the arrow a1 after scoring the test piece S with the tip of the cutter knife CN, and then the cutter knife CN by the blade folding mechanism 100 described later. The tip of the new cutter knife CN is fed a predetermined distance in the direction indicated by the arrow a1.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the cutter blade gripping mechanism 70 is fixed to the tip end side of the cutter knife CN of the substrate 51 and has a cylinder accommodating portion 72 accommodating the cutter blade gripping cylinder 71 and a cutter knife of the substrate 51 And a cutter blade receiving member 76 fixed near the tip of the CN and below the cylinder accommodating portion 72 and receiving the vicinity of the tip of the cutter knife CN. The cutter blade holding cylinder 71 is configured of an air cylinder. The cutter knife blade receiving member 76 is fixed to the substrate portion 51 and fixed in the thickness direction of the blade of the cutter knife CN indicated by the arrow b1 and a fixing portion 76a, and downward from the fixing portion 76a orthogonal to the direction indicated by the arrow b1. And an extending blade receiving portion 76b. The side near the tip of the cutter knife CN is received by the blade receiving portion 76b.

  Further, the cutter blade gripping mechanism 70 includes a rail 73 provided on the blade tip end face of the cylinder housing portion 72, a slide member 74 movable in the thickness direction of the blade of the cutter knife CN along the rail 73, and a slide It is fixed to the member 74 and driven by the cutter blade holding cylinder 71 to move with the slide member 74 in the thickness direction of the blade of the cutter knife CN and grip the vicinity of the tip of the cutter knife CN with the cutter blade receiving member 76 And a cutter blade holding member 75 for releasing the holding. The cutter blade gripping member 75 is fixed to the slide member 74 and is connected to the cutter blade gripping cylinder 71, and extends downward from the main body 75a orthogonal to the direction indicated by the arrow b1 together with the blade receiving portion 76b. And a blade holding portion 75b for holding the vicinity of the tip of the cutter knife CN. Regarding the corner 75c on the tip side of the blade gripping portion 75b gripping the vicinity of the tip of the cutter knife CN, when the tip of the cutter knife CN is broken by the blade folding mechanism 100 described later, the tip follows the ridge line of the corner 75c. It is supposed to be folded.

The blade folding mechanism 100 folds the tip of the cutter knife CN held by the cutter knife holding means 50, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the base portion 101 stands on the upper surface of the table 10. It is done.
Then, the flat plate member 102 is fixed on the base portion 101, and on the flat plate member 102, the rotating plate member 104 is centered on the support shaft 103 provided at the central portion side end portion of the flat plate member 102 in the X axis direction. Is rotatably supported by the The extending direction of the support shaft 103 is parallel to the extending direction of the ridge line of the corner 75 c of the blade gripping portion 75 b.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the connecting rod 107b is rotatably connected to the Y axis direction end side (upper side in FIG. 6) of the rotating plate member 104, and the rotating plate member 104 is connected to the connecting rod 107b. The piston rod 107a of the blade tip folding cylinder 107 for rotating the shaft is fixed. The blade tip folding cylinder 107 is constituted by an air cylinder.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a gap δ is formed between each other on the upper surface of the rotary plate member 104 at the central portion side end in the X-axis direction to receive the cutting edge CT of the cutter knife C and the cutting edge A pair of blade folds 105, 106 for folding the CT is fixed. One of the blade folding portions 105 includes a fixing portion 105 a fixed to the rotary plate member 104 and a gap forming portion 105 b rising from the fixing portion 105 a and forming a gap δ. The other blade folding portion 106 is provided with a fixing portion 106 a fixed to the rotating plate member 104 and a gap forming portion 106 b rising from the fixing portion 106 a and forming a gap δ. The gap δ may have a dimension that can receive the tip of the cutter knife CN.

Further, the blades of the cutter knife CN folded by the pair of blade folding portions 105, 106 are accommodated on the upper surface of the rotary plate member 104 and on the X axis direction end side of the pair of blade folding portions 105, 106. A blade accommodating portion 108 is provided.
And FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the scratch device shown in FIG. 1, and the scratch device 1 is an input unit 110 and a load setting device connected to the input unit 110. A load setting unit 120 and a control unit 130 connected to the load setting unit 120 are provided. The input unit 110 is configured by a keyboard, and the load setting unit 120 and the control unit 130 are configured by a computer having an arithmetic processing function.

Here, in the input unit 110, information of the test piece S (a material including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, size), a scribing pattern (cross cut, grid eye cut, etc.), a kerf CL , Information including the depth of cut h of the test piece S from the metal base surface, and the shape of the cutter knife CN (the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle of the cutter knife CN Information including θ ₃ is input.

When the load setting unit 120 scribes a cutting edge CL of a predetermined cutting depth h on the metal base of the test piece S with the cutter knife CN, a cutter knife for the test piece S for obtaining the cutting depth h The cut load of the CM is set using a computer, and as shown in FIG. 9, an acquisition unit 121, a calculation unit 122, a setting unit 123, and an output unit 124 are provided.
The acquisition unit 121 receives information on the test piece S (a material including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, size), a scribing pattern (cross cut, grid eye cut, etc.), a kerf CL from the input unit 110. , Information including the depth of cut h of the test piece S from the metal base surface, and the shape of the cutter knife CN (the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle of the cutter knife CN Acquire information (including θ ₃ ). Then, the acquisition unit 121 sends the acquired information to the calculation unit 122.

Here, the shape of the cutter knife is represented by the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle θ ₃ of the cutter knife CN. b) and FIG. 17 will be described.
The blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN is, as shown in FIG. 16A, the angle between the line formed by the cutting edge CT of the cutter knife CN and the inclined surface of the tip of the cutter knife CN. Further, as shown in FIG. 16B, the blade tip angle θ ₂ of the cutter knife CN is a center line of the blade inclined surface CTS from the root of the blade of the cutter knife CN to the cutting edge CT of the cutter knife CN. It is an angle inclined to CLine. Moreover, the cut angle theta ₃ cutter knife CN, as shown in FIG. 17, the line of the cutting edge CT at the time of the cutter knife CN is cut on specimens (test materials SA, SB) is the surface of the test piece Is the angle of inclination.

Then, the calculation unit 122 determines the cutting depth h of the cutting strip CL obtained from the acquiring unit 121 from the surface of the metal substrate of the test piece S, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal substrate of the test piece S, and the shape of the cutter knife CN ( Based on the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cutting angle θ _{3 of} the cutter knife CN, the cutting load F of the cutter knife CN is calculated by the following equation (1). Then, the calculation unit 122 outputs, to the setting unit 123, other information such as the scribing pattern acquired from the acquisition unit 121 in addition to the information on the calculated cutting load F of the cutter knife CN.
F = k × h ² × Hv / a (1)

θ_１＝θ＋θ_３＋９０ ……（３） Here, k is a constant, and h ² / a is the contact area of the cutter knife and the metal substrate at the time of cutting.
Further, a is expressed by the following equations (2) and (3).

θ ₁ = θ + θ ₃ +90 (3)

Thus, the cutting depth h of the cutting blade CL obtained from the acquiring unit 121 from the metal base surface of the test piece, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, and the cutter Based on the shape of the knife CN (cutter knife blade angle θ, cutter knife blade tip angle θ ₂ , and cutter knife cutting angle θ ₃ ), the above-mentioned equations (1), (2) and (3) The reason for calculating by will be described later.

The setting unit 123 sets the cutting load F of the cutter knife CN calculated by the calculation unit 122 to the cutting load of the cutter knife CN for the test piece S, and performs calculation in addition to the information of the cutting load of the cutter knife set. The other information such as the scribing pattern input from the unit 122 is output to the output unit 124.
Furthermore, the output unit 124 sets the cutting load of the cutter knife CN for the test piece S set by the setting unit 123, information of the test piece S (material including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, size), and scribing The writing pattern (cross cut, grid cut, etc.) is output to the control unit 130.

  Next, the control unit 130 is connected to the load setting unit 120, and the X-axis motor 15 and Y-axis motor 22 of the XY movement mechanism 11, the pedestal rotation motor 32 of the pedestal rotation mechanism 31, and the cutter knife of the cutter advancing and retracting mechanism 60 The motor 62 is connected to the cutter blade gripping cylinder 71 of the cutter blade gripping mechanism 70, the electro-pneumatic regulator 89 of the load adjusting mechanism 87, the elevating motor 91 of the position control mechanism 90, and the blade folding cylinder 107 of the blade folding mechanism 100. .

  The controller 130 controls the X-axis motor 15 and the Y-axis motor 22 of the XY movement mechanism 11, the pedestal rotation motor 32 of the pedestal rotation mechanism 31, and the cutter advancing / retracting mechanism 60 based on the information output from the load setting unit 120. The cutter knife moving motor 62, the cutter blade holding cylinder 71 of the cutter blade holding mechanism 70, the electro-pneumatic regulator 89 of the load adjusting mechanism 87, the elevating motor 91 of the position control mechanism 90, and the blade folding cylinder 107 of the blade folding mechanism 100 are controlled. .

  Here, control of the electro-pneumatic regulator 89 of the load adjustment mechanism 87 by the control unit 130 will be described. When the cutting load of the cutter knife CN is input from the load setting unit 120, the air cylinder 88 cuts the cutter based on the cutting load. Calculate the air pressure of the air cylinder 88 and the moving direction of the piston rod 88a corresponding to the load in the direction opposite to the gravity direction (upward) or the gravity direction (downward) applied to the tip corner of the knife CN. An electric signal corresponding to the calculated air pressure is sent to the electropneumatic regulator 89. The electro-pneumatic regulator 89 controls the air pressure of the air cylinder 88 based on the electrical signal, whereby the tip end of the cutter knife CN is directed by the air cylinder 88 in the direction opposite to the gravity direction (upward) or in the gravity direction (downward). Direction) is applied. As a result, when the tip corner of the cutter knife CN contacts the test piece S, the load due to the self weight of the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 applied to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN is adjusted. The aforementioned cutting load is applied to the end corner portion.

  Specifically, the screw shaft 93 is rotated via the belt 92 by the drive of the elevating motor 91, and the nut portion 94 is lowered with the rotation of the screw shaft 93. The position control slider 83 is lowered. Is lowered, the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 are also lowered, and the tip corner of the cutter knife CN contacts the test piece S on the pedestal 30. At this time, a load due to the weight of the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 acts on the end corner of the cutter knife CN. It is assumed that this load is, for example, 1.2 kg. On the other hand, it is assumed that a cut to be applied to the end corner of the cutter knife CN is, for example, 0.5 kg. In this case, since an extra load is applied to the end corner of the cutter knife CN by 0.7 kg, it is necessary to reduce the load applied to the end corner of the cutter knife CN by 0.7 kg.

  At this time, a cutting load to be applied to the end corner portion of the cutter knife CN from the load setting unit 120 is input as 0.5 kg. Then, based on the cutting load of 0.5 kg, the control unit 130 has a load of 0.7 kg and a load of 0.7 kg in the direction (upward direction) opposite to the direction of gravity that the air cylinder 88 applies to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN. The air pressure of the air cylinder 88 corresponding to is calculated, and an electric signal corresponding to the calculated air pressure is sent to the electropneumatic regulator 89. The electro-pneumatic regulator 89 controls the air pressure of the air cylinder 88 based on the electrical signal, whereby the air cylinder 88 exerts a load 0.7 in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity (upward) on the tip corner of the cutter knife CN. Is adjusted to adjust the 1.2 kg load due to its own weight by the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 applied to the front corner of the cutter knife CN when the front end corner of the cutter knife CN contacts the test piece S. A load of 0.5 kg is applied to the end corner of the cutter knife CN.

Next, a method of scribing a cutting line that reaches the metal base on the surface of the test piece S by the scratch device 1 will be described.
First, the operator fixes the test piece S on the pedestal 30 by the fixing member 34.
Then, the worker uses the input unit 110 to input information on the test piece S (a material including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, size), a scribing pattern (cross cut, grid eye cut, etc.), kerf CL Of the specimen S from the metal base surface, and information of the cutter knife CN (the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle θ _{3 of the} cutter knife CN Input information, and input the start signal of the scribing work. Then, the processing flow of the load setting unit 120 shown in FIG. 10 is started.

First, in step S101, the acquiring unit 121 of the load setting unit 120 determines the information on the test piece S (the material including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, the size), the scribing pattern (cross cut, checkerboard Information, including the cutting depth c), the cutting depth h of the test piece S from the metal base surface, and the shape of the cutter knife CN (the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ ₂ of the cutter knife CN) , And information including the cutting angle θ ₃ of the cutter knife CN is acquired from the input unit 110.

Next, in step S102, the calculation unit 122 of the load setting unit 120 determines the cutting depth h of the cutting strip CL obtained from the acquiring unit 121 from the metal base surface of the test piece S and the Vickers of the metal base of the test piece S. Based on the hardness Hv and the shape of the cutter knife CN (the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle θ _{3 of} the cutter knife CN), the cutting load F of the cutter knife CN is It calculates with above-mentioned (1) Formula, (2) Formula, and (3) Formula. In addition to the information on the calculated cutting load F of the cutter knife CN, the computing unit 122 of the load setting unit 120 outputs other information such as a scribing pattern acquired from the acquiring unit 121 to the setting unit 123.

Then, in step S103, the setting unit 123 of the load setting unit 120 sets the cutting load F of the cutter knife CN calculated by the calculating unit 122 as the cutting load of the cutter knife CN for the test piece S, and the set cutter In addition to the information on the infeed load of the knife, other information such as a scribed pattern input from the operation unit 122 is output to the output unit 124.
Thereby, when the load setting unit 120 scribes the cutting edge CL of a predetermined cutting depth on the metal base of the test piece S with the cutter knife CN, the cutter knife CN for the test piece S for obtaining the cutting depth Can be set appropriately.

Finally, in step S104, the output unit 124 of the load setting unit 120 includes the cutting load of the cutter knife CN for the set test piece S, the information of the test piece S (including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S). The material, size, and the scribed pattern (cross cut, grid cut, etc.) are output to the control unit 130.
Next, as shown in FIG. 11, the control unit 130, in step S201, the information of the test piece S outputted from the load setting unit 120 (material including the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, size) From the scribing pattern (cross cut, grid eye cut, etc.), the scribing end position is calculated from the scribing start position of the test piece S.

  Next, in step S202, the control unit 130 applies the weight of the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 stored in advance and the cut load to be applied to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN output from the load setting unit 120. The air pressure of the air cylinder 88 and the moving direction of the piston rod 88 a are calculated based on At this time, the control unit 130 controls the air cylinder 88 to be a cutter based on the weight of the free moving slider 85 and the cutter knife holding means 50 stored in advance and the cutting load applied to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN. The load in the direction opposite to the gravity direction (upward direction) or the direction of gravity applied to the end corner of the knife CN is calculated, and the air pressure of the air cylinder 88 corresponding to the load is calculated.

Next, in step S203, the control unit 130 controls the scratch device body 40 to move the X-axis motor 15 and the Y-axis motor 22 of the XY moving mechanism 11 and the elevation motor 91 of the position control mechanism 90 to move to the initial position.
Next, in step S204, the control unit 130 executes scribing. At this time, the control unit 130 controls the X-axis motor 15 and Y of the XY movement mechanism 11 based on the position of the scribing line from the scribing start position to the scribing end position in the test strip S calculated in step SB01. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis positions of the tip corner of the cutter knife CN are controlled by controlling the axis motor 22, the pedestal rotation motor 32 of the pedestal rotation mechanism 31, and the elevating motor 91 of the position control mechanism 90. Control and scribe. At this time, the control unit 130 controls the air pressure of the air cylinder 88 via the electropneumatic regulator 89 based on the air pressure of the air cylinder 88 calculated in step S202, and applies the air pressure to the tip corner of the cutter knife CN. The load is set to the cutting load output from the load setting unit 120, and the cutting knife CN is cut into the test piece S by the cutting load of the cutter knife CN. As a result, on the test piece S, a cutting edge CL with a cutting depth h from the metal base surface is scored.

Then, when the marking operation in step S204 is completed, the control unit 130 controls the XY moving mechanism 11, the position control mechanism 90, the cutter advancing and retracting mechanism 60, the cutter blade gripping mechanism 70, and the cutting edge folding mechanism 100 in step S205. Execute blade folding.
Then, when the blade folding operation in step S205 is completed, the control unit 130 controls the XY moving mechanism 11, the position control mechanism 90, the cutter advancing and retracting mechanism 60, and the cutter blade gripping mechanism 70 in step S206 to execute blade feeding. Do.

Thereafter, when the blade feeding in step S206 is completed, the control unit 130 controls the XY moving mechanism 11 and the position control mechanism 90 to move the scratch device main body 40 to the initial position in step S207.
As a result, the series of control of the control unit 130 is finished, and the operation of scoring the cutting edge reaching the metal base on the surface of the test piece S is finished.

Next, the reason why the cutting load F of the cutter knife CN is calculated by the aforementioned equations (1), (2) and (3) will be described.
First, using the scratch device 1 shown in FIG. 1, the present inventors changed the cutting load to scribe the cutting ridges CL with respect to the test materials SA and SB (see FIG. 12), and cut the cutting ridges CL. The influence of the cutting load of the cutter knife CN on the cutting depth from the surface of the metal base m (see FIG. 13) of the test materials SA and SB was investigated.

The test materials SA and SB used in this investigation are mild steels (cold-rolled steel plates) having a width of 70 mm, a length of 120 mm, and a thickness of 0.8 mm and subjected to zinc phosphate treatment / electrodeposition coating (15 μm).
The cutter knife CN used is shown in FIG. 16 and is a bending blade type cutter knife having a length L of 80 mm, a width w of 9 mm, a blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN of 58 ° and a blade tip of the cutter knife CN angle theta ₂ is 22 ° ± 2 °.

The cutter knife CN was held by the cutter knife holding means 50, and the cutting edges CL were marked on the surfaces of the test materials SA, SB with the cutting angle θ ₃ (see FIG. 17) of the cutter knife CN being 45 °. A total of 20 kerfs CL are scored by changing the cutting load of the cutter knife CN at a pitch of 100 g between 200 and 2100 g, and the length of each kerf CL is 60 mm in a straight line.

FIG. 12 shows a state where the cutting load CL is changed with respect to the test materials SA and SB by changing the cutting load by the cutter knife CN at a pitch of 100 g between 200 and 2100 g, and (a) shows the cutting In a state where the load is changed at a pitch of 100 g between 200 and 1100 g and the crack is marked on the surface of the test material SA, (b) changes the cutting load to 1200 to 2100 g and the test material SB A state is shown in which the surface is lined with a cutting edge CL.
Further, FIG. 13 shows a state in which a cross section of a part of the test materials SA and SB shown in FIG. 12 is observed with an optical microscope.

Furthermore, in FIG. 14, in the test material SA shown in FIG. 12 (a), the cutting wedge CL at cutting loads of 200 g, 500 g, and 1000 g was cut at three points (start end, center, end) along the cutting direction. A state in which the cross section is observed with an optical microscope is shown. In FIG.13 and FIG.14, code | symbol p is electrodeposition coating.
Further, in FIG. 15, the cut of the cutter knife CN when the cutting wedge CL is scored with respect to the test materials SA and SB by changing the cutting load of the cutter knife CN at 100 g pitch between 200 and 2100 g. The relationship between the load and the cutting depth from the surface of the metal base m of the test materials SA, SB is shown.

  Referring to FIG. 15, it can be seen that when the cutting load of the cutter knife CN increases, the cutting depth of the cutting edge CL increases. Further, referring to FIG. 14, when the cutting load is cut at three positions in the beginning, at the middle and at the end with respect to the cutting direction of the cutting ridge CL, the cutting depth of the cutting ridge CL at the three positions at the starting end, the center and the termination is the same load. It can be seen that the heights are almost equal. This suggests that when a load is applied to the cutter knife CN and pressed against the test materials SA, SB, the depth of cut of the cutting edge CL is determined. From this, the present inventors also consider the Vickers hardness test in calculation of the cutting load of the cutter knife CN with respect to the cutting depth of the cutting material CL from the surface of the metal base m of the test materials SA and SB. I thought that it was applicable.

The Vickers hardness is the test force when a square indenter diamond indenter is pressed into the surface of a sample (specimen) with a predetermined test force. It is proportional to the value obtained by dividing by the surface area of the hollow assumed to be present.
That is, Vickers hardness (Hv) is represented by the following (4) formula.
Hv = F / S (4)
Here, F is a load (kg) representing a test force, and S is a contact area of an indenter representing the surface area of the depression.

In applying this equation (4) to the calculation of the infeed load of the cutter knife CN with respect to the infeed depth of the infeed CL, Hv is the Vickers hardness of the metal base of the test materials SA and SB, and F is the cutter knife CN The cutting load, S, can be made the contact area of the cutter knife CN with the indentation recessed from the surface of the test material SA, SB by the cutter knife CN.
FIG. 17 shows a schematic view when the tip corner CT1 of the cutter knife CN contacts the test materials SA and SB at point C, and FIG. 18 shows the tip corner CT1 of the cutter knife CN as a test. The schematic diagram which saw the indentation formed in test material SA and SB when it contacts material SA and SB at point C and is further cut down to predetermined position C '(refer to FIG. 19) is shown from the plane There is.

Further, in FIG. 19, the tip corner portion CT1 of the cutter knife CN is formed on the test material SA, SB when it contacts the test materials SA, SB at point C and is further cut to a predetermined position C ′. The schematic diagram which looked at the indentation from planar view, and the schematic diagram which sterically transformed some part (The part enclosed by A, B, C, C ') in the said schematic diagram are shown.
Furthermore, in FIG. 20, the tip corner portion CT1 of the cutter knife CN contacts the test material SA, SB at point C, and is further formed into the test material SA, SB when cut to the predetermined position C ′. The schematic diagram which looked at the indentation from planar view, and the schematic diagram which three-dimensionally converted the other part (The part surrounded by B, D, C, C ') in the said schematic diagram are shown.

As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, when the tip corner portion CT1 of the cutter knife CN contacts the test materials SA and SB at point C and is further cut to a predetermined position C ′ (see FIG. 18), it is substantially rhombic An indentation is formed on the surface of the test material SA, SB.
At this time, the contact area S of the cutter knife CN with respect to an indentation recessed from the surface of the test material SA, SB by the cutter knife CN can be expressed as the following equation (5).
S = 2S ₁ + 2S ₂ (5)

Here, _{S 1} is cutter knife CN in A, B, C 'contact area with the indentation surrounded by, _{S 2} is the cutter knife CN B, D, C' is a contact area with the indentation surrounded by.
In addition, S ₁ = 1/2 · x · y · sin θ ₄ (6)
Here, as shown in FIG. 19, x is the length of side AC ′, y is the length of side BC ′, and θ ₄ is an angle formed by side AC ′ and side BC ′.

Further, x = h / cos θ ₁ (7)
y = h / cos θ ₂ (8)
Here, h is the length of the side CC 'and the cutting depth of the cutter knife CN, θ ₁ is the angle between the side AC' and the side CC ', and θ ₂ is the angle between the side BC' and the side CC ' It is a blade tip angle (refer FIG.16 (b)) of the cutter knife CN.

Further, Sinθ ₄ can be expressed by the following equation (9).

一方、Ｓ_２＝１／２・ｚ・ｙ・ｓｉｎθ_５ …（１２） Accordingly, when the equations (6) to (9) are organized, S ₁ can be expressed as the following equations (10) and (11).

On the other hand, S ₂ = 1/2 · z · y · sin θ ₅ (12)

Here, as shown in FIG. 20, z is the length of the side DC ′, y is the length of the side BC ′, θ ₅ is the angle between the side DC ′ and the side BC ′.
Furthermore, z = h / cos θ ₃ (13)
y = h / cos θ ₂ (14)
Here, h is the length of side CC ′ and the cutting depth of cutter knife CN, θ ₃ is the angle between side DC ′ and side CC ′, and the cutting angle of cutter knife CN (see FIG. 17), θ ₂ The angle between the side BC 'and the side CC' is the blade tip angle of the cutter knife CN (see FIG. 16B).

Furthermore, sin [theta ₅ can be expressed by the following equation (15).

Accordingly, when the equations (12) to (15) are organized, S ₂ can be expressed as the following equations (16) and (17).

Then, (4), (5), (11) and rearranging in ^{h 2} from the equation, and equation (17), ^{h 2} can be expressed by the following equation (18).

When the cutting load F of the cutter knife CN is obtained from the equation (18), the cutting load F can be obtained as the above-mentioned equations (1), (2) and (3). The constant k in the equation (1) is a constant for adjusting the difference due to the device, and k is 1 or a value close thereto.
The cutting load CN of the cutter knife CN, the cutting depth h of the cutter knife CN, the Vickers hardness Hv (92.6 Hv) of the steel plate base of the test materials SA and SB, the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN 58 °, the cutter knife Assuming that the blade tip angle θ ₂ of CN is 22 ° ± 2 °, and the cutting angle θ ₃ of the cutter knife CN is 45 °, calculation is made based on the above-mentioned equations (1), (2) and (3). It was set as = 1 and the computed value of the notch load was plotted on the graph shown in FIG. This is shown in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 21, it can be seen that the measured value and the calculated value of the cutting load of the cutter knife CN substantially match. For this reason, the cutting load F of the cutter knife, the cutting depth h of the test piece S from the metal base surface, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece S, and the shape of the cutter knife CN (cutter knife Based on the blade angle θ of CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle θ ₃ of the cutter knife CN, calculation is performed using the above-mentioned equations (1), (2) and (3) Is appropriate.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention can perform a various change and improvement, without being limited to this.
For example, when the load setting unit (load setting device) 120 scribes a cutting edge CL of a predetermined cutting depth on the metal base of the test piece S with the cutter knife CN, the test piece S for obtaining the cutting depth The cutting load of the cutter knife CN with respect to is set, and when it is used for a scratch device, it may be used for other scratch devices as well as the scratch device 1 shown in FIGS.

Further, the load setting unit (load setting device) 120 may be used in an apparatus other than the scratch device, for example, in which a pencil of a pencil hardness tester is replaced with a cutter knife.
Also, although the shape of the cutter knife CN has been described as being the blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN, the blade tip angle θ _{2 of} the cutter knife CN, and the cut angle θ ₃ of the cutter knife CN, It may be a factor specifying the shape.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 scratch device 10 table 11 XY movement mechanism 30 pedestal 31 pedestal rotation mechanism 50 cutter knife holding means 60 cutter advancing and retracting mechanism 70 cutter blade holding mechanism 80 raising and lowering and load giving means 81 base portion 83 position control slider 85 free movement slider 87 load adjusting mechanism Reference Signs List 90 position control mechanism 100 cutting edge folding mechanism 110 input portion 120 load setting portion (load setting device)
121 acquisition unit 122 operation unit 123 setting unit 124 output unit 130 control unit CN cutter knife CL cutting edge S test piece

Here, the shape of the cutter knife, blade angle theta of the cutter knives CN, represented by the blade tip angle theta _2, and the cut angle theta ₃ cutter knife CN cutter knife CN, for each of FIGS. 16 (a), ( b) and FIG. 17 will be described.
The blade angle θ of the cutter knife CN is, as shown in FIG. 16A, the angle between the line formed by the cutting edge CT of the cutter knife CN and the inclined surface of the tip of the cutter knife CN. Further, as shown in FIG. 16B, the blade tip angle θ ₂ of the cutter knife CN is a center line of the blade inclined surface CTS from the root of the blade of the cutter knife CN to the cutting edge CT of the cutter knife CN. It is an angle inclined to CLine. Moreover, the cut angle theta ₃ cutter knife CN, as shown in FIG. 17, the line of the cutting edge CT at the time of the cutter knife CN is cut on specimens (test materials SA, SB) is the surface of the test piece Is the angle of inclination.

Claims (4)

Setting a cutting load of the cutter knife for the test piece to obtain the cutting depth when scoring a cutting edge of a predetermined cutting depth on the metal base of the test piece with a cutter knife Load setting using a computer A device,
An acquisition unit for acquiring the depth h of the test piece from the metal base surface of the test piece, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece, and the shape of the cutter knife;
Based on the depth of cut h of the test piece from the metal base surface of the obtained cutting rod, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece, and the shape of the cutter knife, the cutting load F of the cutter knife is as follows (1) an operation unit that calculates using equation
And a setting unit configured to set the calculated cutting load F of the cutter knife to the cutting load of the cutter knife relative to the test piece.
F = k × h ² × Hv / a (1)
Here, k is a constant, and h ² / a is the contact area of the cutter knife and the metal substrate at the time of cutting.   A scratch apparatus comprising the load setting device according to claim 1. Setting a cutting load of the cutter knife for the test piece to obtain the cutting depth when scoring a cutting edge of a predetermined cutting depth on the metal base of the test piece with a cutter knife Load setting using a computer Method,
Acquiring the depth of cut h of the chip from the metal base surface of the test piece, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece, and the shape of the cutter knife;
Based on the depth of cut h of the test piece from the metal base surface of the obtained cutting rod, the Vickers hardness Hv of the metal base of the test piece, and the shape of the cutter knife, the cutting load F of the cutter knife is as follows (1) calculating by equation
Setting the calculated cutting load F of the cutter knife to the cutting load of the cutter knife relative to the test piece.
F = k × h ² × Hv / a (1)
Here, k is a constant, and h ² / a is the contact area of the cutter knife and the metal substrate at the time of cutting.   The scratch method characterized by cutting-in the said cutter knife with respect to the said test piece by the cutting load of the said cutter knife with respect to the said test piece set by the load setting method of Claim 3.

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