JP2019052421A - Transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a transport system capable of transporting a material in a state that an operator transport apparatus remains installed and improving working efficiency.SOLUTION: A supporting arm 115 of an operator transport apparatus 100 is configured to be able to freely move to a transport operation position where a cage 120 is suspended and moved in a material shaft 21 at a position above an upper end opening part of a material shaft 21 and to a transport retreat position where an upper space is opened separately from above the upper end opening part of the material shaft 21 to a side.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9

Description

  The present invention relates to a transport system that performs material transport and worker transport between a work room and the ground via a transport path formed by connecting an underground work room and the ground.

  The pneumatic caisson method is known as a method for constructing underground structures such as bridges, building foundations, and shield tunnels. In the pneumatic caisson method, a caisson made of reinforced concrete is constructed on the ground, an airtight work room is provided at the bottom of the caisson, and compressed air corresponding to the ground water pressure is sent into the work room, so that groundwater into the work room Is designed to prevent intrusions. And under the atmospheric pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure, excavate the ground of the floor of the working room, sink the caisson into the ground while carrying the excavated earth and sand to the ground, etc. This is a construction method for building underground structures.

  In such a pneumatic caisson method, an excavator such as a power shovel is carried into a work chamber, and the excavator is remotely operated from the ground to perform excavation work on the floor of the work chamber (for example, Patent Document 1). See). And a material shaft and a material lock for carrying out the bucket in which the earth and sand excavated by the excavator are put on the ground, and a man shaft for an operator to enter the working room in order to perform maintenance of the excavator etc. In general, the manlock is arranged in parallel with the caisson independently.

  In recent years, there has been an increase in the construction of underground structures using the pneumatic caisson method on narrow land or land close to existing structures. In such construction, since the excavation bottom area is small and the cross-sectional area of the caisson is also small, it is physically impossible to arrange the material shaft and the man shaft in parallel with the caisson as in the past. Therefore, a pneumatic caisson method is also known in which a single shaft that combines the functions of a material shaft, material lock, man shaft, and man lock is erected on a caisson (see, for example, Patent Document 2). In such a pneumatic caisson method, the depth of construction of underground structures has increased in recent years, and the depth has been increasing. As the caisson depth increases, the time limit for the time during which an operator can stay in a high-pressure working room becomes stricter. Therefore, in order to reduce the burden on the worker when going back and forth between the ground and the work room, some have a worker transport device that transports the worker between the work room and the ground.

JP-A-2015-108244 Japanese Patent No. 3908747

  In the pneumatic caisson method as described above, when carrying materials (excavator or earth and sand) and workers via a single shaft (conveyance passage), the conventional worker conveyance device Since the crew boarding cage is always suspended above the upper end of the shaft, it is necessary to remove the worker transport device during material transport. Further, when the worker is transported, it is necessary to install the worker transport device again, and there is a problem that work efficiency is poor.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and is to provide a transport system that can perform material transport with the worker transport device installed and improve work efficiency. Objective.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the transfer system according to the present invention is configured such that the work chamber and the ground are connected via a transfer passage formed by connecting the underground work chamber and the ground (for example, the material shaft 21 in the embodiment). It is a transport system that transports materials between workers and workers. Then, a worker boarding cage (for example, the cage 120 in the embodiment) for carrying the worker is suspended by a cage transport rope (for example, the transport rope 135 in the embodiment), and the cage transport rope is suspended. A worker transporting device that moves the worker boarding cage up and down in the transport passage. In the worker transport device, a support frame portion (for example, the support arm 115 of the device frame 110 in the embodiment) that supports the worker boarding cage by suspending the cage with the cage transport rope is an upper end portion of the transport passage. The upper part of the transfer path is opened laterally from the upper end of the transfer path and the transfer work position where the worker boarding cage is suspended and moved in the transfer path. It is configured to be movable to the transfer and retreat position.

  In the transport system having the above-described configuration, the material transport container (for example, the earth bucket 31 in the embodiment) for performing the material transport is suspended by a material transport rope, and the material transport rope is unwound and wound, thereby the material transport. When having a material conveyance device (for example, the crane device 32 in the embodiment) that moves the container up and down in the conveyance passage and using the material conveyance device to move the material conveyance container up and down in the conveyance passage, It is preferable that the support frame unit is configured to move to the conveyance evacuation position.

  In the transport system having the above-described configuration, it is preferable that the support frame portion is configured to be swingable in the vertical direction, and configured to swing the support frame portion upward and move it to the transport retreat position.

  In the transport system configured as described above, the cage transport rope preferably includes two transport ropes and one safety rope.

  According to the present invention, the support frame portion of the worker conveyance device is configured to be movable to the conveyance retreat position that opens away from the upper end of the conveyance passage to the side and opens the upper space of the conveyance passage. Therefore, the support frame portion can be moved to the transport evacuation position when performing the material transport work through the transport path. Thereby, a material conveyance work can be performed without the said conveyed product (material conveyance container), the support frame part of a worker conveyance apparatus, and the worker boarding cage interfering. Therefore, during material transportation work, material transportation work can be performed while it is still installed on the work table without removing the worker transport device from the work table provided at the upper end of the transport path. Efficiency can be improved.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the support frame portion of the worker transport device is configured to be swingable in the vertical direction, and configured to swing the support frame portion upward and move it to the transport retreat position. With such a configuration, the operator boarding cage can be held in the space on the work table without jumping outward from the work table. When the worker boarding cage protrudes outward from the workbench, the worker boarding cage interferes (contacts) with other equipment, or the worker boarding cage interferes with other operations. Therefore, the worker boarding cage is preferably held in a space on the work table.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that the cage transport rope of the worker transport device has two transport ropes and one safety rope. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the fall by providing double and triple safety measures to prevent the worker boarding cage from dropping.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the main equipment of a pneumatic caisson method. It is a longitudinal section showing excavation equipment and outfitting equipment in the above-mentioned main equipment. It is a front view which shows the worker conveyance apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the said worker conveyance apparatus. It is a side view which shows the said worker conveyance apparatus. It is a figure which shows the cage in the said worker conveyance apparatus, (a) is a top view, (b) is a front view. It is a figure which shows the said cage, (a) is a front view of the state which opened the cage door, (b) is sectional drawing in the position of arrow BB in FIG. It is a side view (partial cross section) which shows the guide member provided in the said cage. It is a front view which shows the state which rock | fluctuated the support arm in the said worker conveyance apparatus upwards.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, main equipment of the pneumatic caisson method to which the transport system according to the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The pneumatic caisson method uses the excavation equipment E1, the outfitting equipment E2, the earth discharging equipment E3, the air supply equipment E4, and the spare / safety equipment E5 to submerge the caisson 1 made of reinforced concrete into the ground. It is configured to build a structure.

  The excavation equipment E1 includes an excavator 10 (hereinafter referred to as a caisson excavator 10) installed in a work chamber 2 provided at the bottom of the caisson 1, and a remote control device 12 for remotely operating the caisson excavator 10 from the ground. And a ground remote control room 13 provided with. The excavation equipment E <b> 1 is operated by receiving electric power from a power generation device (not shown). The electric power from this power generator is also supplied to the outfitting equipment E2, the earth discharging equipment E3, and the air supply equipment E4.

  The outfitting equipment E2 includes a pair shaft 20 having a double tube structure in which a cylindrical material shaft 21 and a cylindrical man shaft 22 concentrically arranged around the material shaft 21 are integrated. Composed. The material shaft 21 is erected on the caisson 1 so as to connect the ground and the work chamber 2, and forms a transport passage for carrying out the earth bucket 31 loaded with earth and sand by the application shovel 10 in the work chamber 2. ing. In the material shaft 21, a material shaft bottom door 21a, a material lock lower door 21b, and a material lock upper door 21c are provided in this order from the work chamber 2 side (lower side). The closed space formed in the material shaft 21 when the lower door 21b and the upper door 21c are in a closed state serves as a material lock 23 (air lock) that allows the earth bucket 31 to pass while suppressing a decrease in atmospheric pressure in the work chamber 2. Function.

The man shaft 22 is erected on the caisson 1 so as to surround the periphery of the material shaft 21, and forms a worker passage for the worker to enter and exit the work chamber 2. In the man shaft 22, a man shaft bottom door 22a, a man lock lower door 22b, and a man lock upper door 22c are provided in this order from the work chamber 2 side (lower side). The closed space formed in the man shaft 22 when the lower door 22b and the upper door 22c are closed functions as a man lock 24 (air lock) that allows a worker to pass while suppressing a decrease in the atmospheric pressure in the work chamber 2. To do. The material shaft bottom door 21a, the material lock lower door 21b, the material lock upper door 21c, and the man shaft bottom door 22a are operated by the operation panel provided on the work table 27 provided at the upper end portion of the pair shaft 20, It opens and closes. On the other hand, the manlock lower door 22b and the manlock upper door 22c are opened and closed by a manual operation by an operator.

  A spiral staircase 25 is provided in the man shaft 22 above the manlock upper door 22c. A vertical trap 26 is provided in the lower man shaft 22 from the manlock upper door 22c. The worker can go back and forth between the ground and the work room 2 by using the spiral staircase 25 and the vertical trapping 26.

  The earth removal facility E3 includes an earth bucket 31 in which earth and sand excavated by the caisson excavator 10 in the work chamber 2 are loaded, and a crane device 32 that lifts the earth bucket 31 to the ground through the material shaft 21 and carries it out. In FIG. 1, a crane vehicle is illustrated, but this is an example) and an earth and sand hopper 33 for temporarily storing earth and sand carried to the ground by an earth bucket 31 and a crane device 32. Composed.

  The air supply facility E4 includes an air compressor 42 that sends compressed air into the working chamber 2 via the air supply path 41 formed in the air supply pipe 41 and the caisson 1, and air that purifies the compressed air sent by the air compressor 42. A cleaning device 43 and an air supply pressure adjusting device 44 that adjusts the amount (pressure) of compressed air sent from the air compressor 42 into the work chamber 2 so that the air pressure in the work chamber 2 becomes substantially equal to the groundwater pressure. Configured. In order to circulate the air in the work chamber 2, an exhaust path 4 is formed in the caisson 1, and the air in the work chamber 2 is appropriately discharged to the ground through the exhaust path 4. .

  The spare / safety equipment E5 includes an emergency air compressor 51 capable of sending compressed air into the work chamber 2 in place of the air compressor 42 when the air compressor 42 fails or is inspected, and the power generator. Instead, an emergency generator (not shown) capable of supplying power to the excavation equipment E1, the outfitting equipment E2, the earthing equipment E3, and the air supply equipment E4, and the worker who performed the work in the work room 2 And a hospital lock 53 (decompression chamber) for gradually acclimatizing the worker's body to atmospheric pressure.

  On the work table 27 provided at the upper end of the pair shaft 20, a worker transport device 100 that transports workers to the work chamber 2 is installed. The worker conveyance device 100 will be described below.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the worker conveyance device 100 includes a device frame 110 installed on the work table 27, a cage 120 on which a worker can ride, and two conveyances attached to the cage 120. Conveying winch device 130 capable of winding and unwinding a rope 135 for safety, and a safety winch device 140 capable of winding and unwinding one safety rope 145 attached to the cage 120. The transport rope 135 and the safety rope 145 are each a wire rope having a predetermined tensile strength (for example, a type A wire rope).

The apparatus frame 110 is configured to include a main frame 111 erected on the work table 27 and a support arm 115 that is pivotally connected to the upper portion of the main frame 111 and can swing up and down (can be raised and lowered). The A first safety sheave 112 is rotatably provided at an upper and lower middle portion of the main frame 111. A pair of left and right first conveying sheaves 113 and a second safety sheave 114 are rotatably provided at the upper end of the main frame 111. The second safety sheave 114 is disposed between the left and right first transport sheaves 113. A conveying winch device 130 and a safety winch device 140 are arranged in parallel at the bottom of the main frame 111.

  The support arm 115 has a pair of left and right arm portions 116 and a bridge portion 117 straddling the tip portions of the left and right arm portions 116 and is formed in a U-shape in plan view. The bridge portion 117 is provided with a pair of left and right second transfer sheaves 118 and a third safety sheave 119 that are rotatable. The third safety sheave 119 is disposed between the left and right second transport sheaves 118. A hoisting rope 155 is attached to one end portion of the left and right arm portions 116. The hoisting rope 115 is wound around a hoisting sheave 156 provided at the upper end portion of the main frame 111, and is connected to the hoisting winch device 150 provided at the upper and lower intermediate portions of the main frame 111. The hoisting winch device 150 is configured such that the hoisting rope 155 can be wound and fed out manually by an operator. The support arm 115 is configured to swing (raise and lower) in the vertical direction with respect to the main frame 111 by winding and unwinding the hoisting rope 155 by the hoisting winch device 150.

  The transport winch device 130 is an electric winch device, and is configured to be able to wind and unwind two transport ropes 135 by rotating two drums together. The transport winch device 130 has an encoder that detects the winding speed. Two transport ropes 135 extending from the transport winch device 130 are respectively wound around a first transport sheave 113 provided on the main frame 111 and a second transport sheave 118 provided on the support arm 115 in this order. Attached to the cage 120.

  The safety winch device 140 is an electric winch device, and is configured such that the safety rope 145 can be wound and fed out by rotating a drum. The safety rope 145 extending from the safety winch device 140 is wound in the order of the first safety sheave 112 provided on the main frame 111, the second safety sheave 114, and the third safety sheave 119 provided on the support arm 115. It is hung and attached to the cage 120. In normal times, the safety winch device 140 winds the safety rope 145 so that a tension smaller than the tension of the transport rope 135 taken up by the transport winch device 130 acts on the safety rope 145. It is designed to feed out.

  The apparatus frame 110 is configured to support the two transport ropes 135 and the safety rope 145 wound as described above and suspend the cage 120 attached to these ropes 135 and 145. Yes. An upper limit switch 138 is provided at the tip of the support arm 115. When the cage 120 is moved up to the uppermost stop position, the stopper 146 attached to the safety rope 145 pushes up the weight of the upper limit switch 138, thereby detecting that the cage 120 has reached the uppermost stop position. The electromagnetic brakes of the device 130 and the safety winch device 140 are operated to stop the upward movement of the cage 120. An upper final limit switch is provided in the main frame 111 in preparation for the case where the upward movement of the cage 120 does not stop due to a failure of the upper limit switch 138. By operating the upper final switch, the transport winch device 130 and the safety The electromagnetic brake of the winch device 140 is configured to operate.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the cage 120 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter that can be inserted into the material shaft 21. The peripheral wall portion of the cage 120 is configured using a mesh-like metal plate, and a boarding port 121 is formed by opening a part of the peripheral wall portion. The cage 120 has a cage door 122 that can open and close the boarding port 121. The cage door 122
Like the peripheral wall portion of the cage 120, it is configured using a mesh-like metal plate, and is provided so as to be slidable along the inner side of the peripheral wall portion. The cage door 122 is a sliding door that is manually opened and closed by an operator. An emergency exit 123 is formed in the ceiling portion of the cage 120, and an emergency door 124 that can open and close the emergency exit 123 is provided. The emergency door 124 is a double door that opens upward. An emergency trap 125 is provided in the cage 120, and in the event of an emergency, the emergency trap 125 can be climbed to exit the cage 120 through the emergency exit 123. To the ceiling portion of the cage 120, hanging brackets for fixing the two transport ropes 135 and the safety rope 145 are attached.

  In the cage 120, a battery-type lighting fixture and an in-cage operating device are provided. The in-cage operation device includes a power button, an elevating operation lever for moving the cage 120 up and down by the worker conveyance device 100, and an emergency stop button. Operation signals from these buttons and levers are configured to be transmitted to each drive control unit by wireless communication. A wireless antenna 127 for the wireless communication is provided on the ceiling of the cage 120 (the upper surface of the emergency door 124).

  Three guide members 128 (slider members) are provided on the ceiling and bottom of the cage 120, respectively. As shown in FIG. 8, the guide member 128 is configured to be able to be held in a state of protruding outward from the peripheral wall portion of the cage 120 (the amount of protrusion can be set as appropriate). When the cage 120 moves up and down in the material shaft 21, the guide member 128 slides on the inner surface of the material shaft 21, thereby reducing the rolling of the cage 120 during lifting and lowering.

  The cage 120 is provided with a cage door limit switch. When the limit switch detects that the cage door 122 is not closed, the operation of the transport winch device 130 and the safety winch device 140 (up and down movement of the cage 120) is restricted. A lower limit switch is provided on the bottom lower surface of the cage 120. When the lower limit switch detects that the cage 120 has been lowered to the lowest stop position, the electromagnetic brakes of the transport winch device 130 and the safety winch device 140 are operated to stop the downward movement of the cage 120. ing. In preparation for the case where the downward movement of the cage 120 does not stop due to a failure of the lower limit switch, the cage 120 is provided with a lower final limit switch, and the lower winch switch 130 and the safety winch device are operated by the operation of the lower final limit switch. 140 electromagnetic brakes are activated.

  The worker transport device 100 detects the descending speed of the cage 120 from the encoder of the transport winch device 130, and when the descending speed exceeds 1.2 times the rated speed, the transport winch device 130 and the safety winch. An automatic fall prevention device for operating the electromagnetic brake of the device 140 to stop the downward movement of the cage 120 is provided. Furthermore, the worker transport device 100 detects the load load of the cage 120 from the load cell provided in the first transfer sheave 113 provided in the main frame 111, and when the load load exceeds the rated load, An overload limiting device is provided for restricting the operation of the transport winch device 130 and the safety winch device 140 (up and down movement of the cage 120).

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, on the work table 27, a circular guide rail 28 connected to the upper end opening of the material shaft 21, a boarding platform 29 for boarding the cage 120, and an upper operation device And are provided. The guide fence 28 is formed in a tapered shape that gradually spreads upward. The upper operation device includes a power button, an elevating operation lever that moves the cage 120 up and down by the worker conveyance device 100, and an automatic ascent that automatically raises the cage 120 to the uppermost stop position (position shown in FIG. 3) on the work table 27. It has a button, an emergency stop button, various lamps, etc.

  In the worker conveyance device 100 configured as described above, the support arm 115 is configured by manually operating the hoisting winch device 150 and swinging the support arm 115 of the device frame 110 that supports the suspension of the cage 120 downward. The support arm 115 and the cage 120 can be moved to a transfer work position where the tip end portion is positioned above the upper end opening of the material shaft 21 and the cage 120 is suspended in the material shaft 21. (State of FIG. 3). Then, when the worker gets in the cage 120 and operates the in-cage operation device in the cage 120 or the upper operation device on the work table 27, the two transfer ropes 135 are moved by the transfer winch device 130. At the same time, the safety rope 145 is fed out by the safety winch device 140 and the cage 120 is moved down in the material shaft 21. In the present embodiment, the cage 120 is lowered and stopped to the lowest stop position, which is a position directly above the material lock upper door 21c in the material shaft 21. A communication port connected to the man shaft 22 and a door for opening and closing the communication port are provided at the lowest stop position in the material shaft 21, and an operator can enter the man shaft 22 through the communication port. I can enter. The worker can reach the working chamber 2 through the manlock upper door 22c, the manlock lower door 22b, and the manshaft bottom door 22a using the vertical trapping 26 in the manshaft 22. Yes.

  A lower operation device is provided at a position that enters the man shaft 22 from the communication port. The lower operating device includes an automatic lowering button that automatically moves the cage 120 to the lowermost stop position in the material shaft 21 and an emergency stop button. At this lowest stop position, an operator gets in the cage 120 and operates the in-cage operating device in the cage 120 or the upper operating device on the work table 27, so that the transfer winch device 130 transfers the two. The safety rope 135 is wound up by the safety winch device 140 and the cage 120 is moved up in the material shaft 21. Then, the cage 120 is raised to the uppermost stop position on the work table 27 and stopped, so that the worker can get out of the cage 120 and reach the work table 27 on the ground.

  As described above, the worker conveyance device 100 is configured to convey a worker between the ground work table 27 and the underground work chamber 2. Therefore, even when the work room 2 is submerged deeply and the reach distance to the work room 2 is increased, by using the worker conveyance device 100, when moving between the ground and the work room 2, The burden on the worker can be reduced. And since the said burden of an operator can be reduced, the improvement of the working efficiency in a working chamber and the prevention of a high pressure fault can be aimed at.

The material shaft 21 is also used as a transport passage for transporting the earth bucket 31 loaded with earth and sand in the work chamber 2 to the ground. Therefore, at the time of such earth removal work, as shown in FIG. 3, if the support arm 115 and the cage 120 of the worker transport device 100 are positioned above the upper end opening of the material shaft 21, the support arm 115 is provided. In addition, the cage 120 hinders the soil removal work. Therefore, in the worker conveying device 100, as shown in FIG. 9, the hoisting winch device 150 is manually operated to swing the supporting arm 115 upward, whereby the tip of the supporting arm 115 and the cage 120 are moved to the material shaft. The cage 120 can be held in such a state that it is moved from the top of the upper end opening 21 to the side away from the upper side and moved to a transfer retreat position that opens the upper space. As described above, since the support arm 115 and the cage 120 can be moved from the space above the material shaft 21, when the material shaft 21 is used as a conveyance path for the earth bucket 31, the earth bucket 31, the support arm 115, and the cage 120 are used. The earth removal work can be performed without any interference. Therefore, the earth removal work can be performed while being installed on the work table 27 without removing the worker conveyance device 100 from the work table 27 during the earth removal work, and the work efficiency can be improved. .

  The embodiments of the present invention have been described so far, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, in the above-described embodiment, by swinging the support arm 115 upward, the support arm 115 and the cage 120 can be moved from the upper side of the material shaft 21 to the side and moved to a transfer retreat position that opens the upper space. However, this configuration is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, the support arm and the cage may be moved to the transfer and retreat position by turning the support arm in the left-right direction. Or the structure which moves a support arm and a cage to the said conveyance evacuation position by sliding a support arm to the front-back direction may be sufficient.

  In the above-described embodiment, the hoisting winch device 150 is configured to swing the support arm 115 up and down manually by an operator, but the hoisting winch device 150 is configured to be operated by an electric motor. Also good. In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the worker conveyance device 100 is applied to the pneumatic caisson method has been described. However, the worker conveyance device according to the present invention can be applied to a method other than the pneumatic caisson method.

1 Caisson 2 Work room 21 Material shaft (conveyance path)
27 Worktable 31 Earth bucket (material transport container)
32 Crane device (material conveying device)
100 worker conveyance device 110 device frame 115 support arm (support frame portion)
120 cage (worker boarding cage)
135 Transport rope (cage transport rope)

Claims (4)

A transport system that performs material transport and worker transport between the work room and the ground via a transport passage formed by connecting an underground work room and the ground,
Working to move the worker boarding cage up and down in the transport passage by suspending the worker boarding cage for transporting the worker with a cage transport rope and extending and winding the cage transport rope. A worker transporter,
In the worker transport device, a support frame portion for supporting the worker boarding cage by suspending the cage with the cage transport rope is located above an upper end portion of the transport passage and is used for boarding the worker in the transport passage. A transfer system configured to be movable between a transfer work position where the cage is suspended and moved, and a transfer retreat position where the upper space of the transfer path is separated from the upper side to open the upper space of the transfer path. A material transport device for moving the material transport container up and down in the transport path by hanging the material transport container for performing the material transport with a material transport rope, and feeding and winding the material transport rope,
The transport system according to claim 1, wherein when the material transport container is moved up and down in the transport path using the material transport device, the support frame portion is moved to the transport retreat position.   The transport system according to claim 1, wherein the support frame portion is configured to be swingable in a vertical direction, and is configured to swing the support frame portion upward and move the support frame unit to the transport retreat position. The said worker conveyance apparatus WHEREIN: The said cage conveyance rope is a conveyance system in any one of Claims 1-3 comprised by having two conveyance ropes and one safety rope.

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