JP2019038113A - Screen printing device and screen printing method - Google Patents

Abstract

To execute screen printing by using a screen to a work having a concave curved surface and a work having a convex curved surface.SOLUTION: A screen printing device for executing screen printing by using a screen to a work having a curved surface, comprises a guide fixing part 420 detachably fixing a curved surface guide 410, a printing part 90 pushing the screen toward the work by a squeegee 92 by holding the squeegee 92 and a movement mechanism 99 moving the printing part 90 along the curved surface of the curved surface guide 410. The guide fixing part 420 detachably fixes any one curved surface guide of a convex surface guide having a convex surface and a concave surface guide having a concave surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 29

Description

  The present invention relates to a screen printing apparatus and a screen printing method for performing screen printing on a workpiece having a curved surface, for example.

  Conventionally, an apparatus for printing on a workpiece having a curved surface has been considered.

JP-A-6-31895 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-320820 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-08877

  The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for performing screen printing on a workpiece having a concave curved surface and a workpiece having a convex curved surface with a configuration different from the conventional one.

The screen printing apparatus of the present invention is a screen printing apparatus that performs screen printing on a workpiece having a curved surface using a screen.
A guide fixing part for detachably fixing the curved surface guide;
A printing unit that holds a squeegee and presses the screen toward the workpiece by the squeegee;
A moving mechanism for moving the printing unit along the curved surface of the curved surface guide;
Is provided.

  According to the present invention, screen printing can be performed on a workpiece having a concave curved surface and a workpiece having a convex curved surface.

1 is a side configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a front configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan configuration diagram of the screen printing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. 2 is a configuration diagram of a printing unit 90 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a holding unit 40, a regulating unit 70, and a rotation control unit 80 in the first embodiment. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a screen printing method according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a screen printing method according to the first embodiment. Explanatory drawing of the control method of the control part 110 in Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 8 is another configuration diagram of the printing unit 90 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is another operation configuration diagram of the printing unit 90 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a curved surface jig 47 in the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a side configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a front configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a plan configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a printing unit 90 according to the second embodiment. Explanatory drawing of the screen printing method in Embodiment 2. FIG. FIG. 10 is another configuration diagram of the printing unit 90 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a side configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a side configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a side configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a front configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a plan configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a side perspective configuration diagram of a printing unit 90 of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a front perspective configuration diagram of a printing unit 90 of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 9 is a plan perspective configuration diagram of a printing unit 90 of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fourth embodiment. The block diagram of the holding | maintenance part 40 in Embodiment 4, the control part 70, and the rotation control part 80. FIG. FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a screen printing method according to the fourth embodiment. Explanatory drawing of the screen printing method in Embodiment 4. FIG. FIG. 10 is a front configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 that prints a concave curved surface according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a front configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 that prints a convex curved surface according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a side configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a curved surface guide 410 and a fixing member 415 in the fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a screen frame 96 and a screen 95 in the fifth embodiment. The detailed front block diagram of the screen printing apparatus 100 which prints the concave curved surface in Embodiment 5. FIG. The detailed front block diagram of the screen printing apparatus 100 which prints the convex curved surface in Embodiment 5. FIG. FIG. 6 is a detailed side view of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a detailed plan view of a configuration excluding a printing unit 90 of a screen printing apparatus 100 according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a screen printing method according to the fifth embodiment. Explanatory drawing of the screen printing method which prints the concave curved surface in Embodiment 5. FIG. Explanatory drawing of the screen printing method which prints the convex curved surface in Embodiment 5. FIG. Explanatory drawing of the screen printing method which prints the concave curved surface in Embodiment 5. FIG. FIG. 10 is a plan configuration diagram of a screen printing apparatus 100 using a guide fixing unit 420 that fixes a concave guide 411 to a screen frame 96 according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a detailed side view of a screen printing apparatus 100 using a guide fixing section 420 that fixes a concave guide 411 to a screen frame 96 according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 6 is a detailed plan view of a screen frame 96 in which a concave guide 411 according to a fifth embodiment is fixed to the screen frame 96. The side surface detailed block diagram of the screen frame 96 using the guide fixing | fixed part 420 which fixed the concave guide 411 in Embodiment 5 to the screen 95. FIG. FIG. 10 is a front view of a convex guide 412 according to a fifth embodiment fixed to a screen frame 96. The perspective view and sectional drawing of the curved surface jig | tool 47 which fixed the concave guide 411 in Embodiment 5 to the curved surface jig | tool 47. FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the function of a fixing member 415 according to Embodiment 5.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
*** Explanation of configuration ***
The screen printing apparatus 100 shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 is an apparatus for operating a work 49 having a curved surface with a curved jig 47 to perform screen printing by screen plate making.
1, 2, and 3, the direction in which the curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49 are carried in and out of the printing position is referred to as a front-rear and lateral direction. The printing direction is the front horizontal direction.
The height direction is referred to as the vertical direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, both side directions of the curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49 are referred to as left and right directions.
In FIG. 1, for convenience of explanation, the carry-in / out mechanism 60 is illustrated in two places, but there is actually only one place.

<< Work 49 >>
The work 49 has a curved surface. The work 49 is an arc-shaped thin plate that is rectangular in a plan view but has a constant thickness in a side view. Specific examples of the material of the workpiece 49 are glass, resin, plastic, paper, cloth, and metal.

<< Curved surface jig 47 >>
The curved surface jig 47 is a jig for holding the workpiece 49 with a curved surface.
The curved jig 47 is an arc-shaped metal thin plate that is rectangular in a plan view but has a constant thickness in a side view. The curved surface jig 47 has the same curved surface or curved surface as the workpiece 49. Specific examples of the material of the curved jig 47 are aluminum, iron, and stainless steel.
As shown in FIG. 3, the longitudinal length of the curved jig 47 is larger than the longitudinal length of the workpiece 49, and the lateral width of the curved jig 47 is larger than the lateral width of the workpiece 49.

<< Control Unit 110 >>
The screen printing apparatus 100 has a control unit 110.
The control unit 110 controls the entire apparatus. The control unit 110 can be realized by a central processing unit, a program, a memory, and other electronic circuit components. A signal from the control unit 110 is transmitted to each unit described below through a signal line 111. The operation described below can be realized when the control unit 110 transmits a command through the signal line 111.

<< Housing 50 >>
The screen printing apparatus 100 has a housing 50.
The housing 50 includes a box-shaped base 51, a column frame 53, and a beam frame 54.
The base 51 accommodates a control unit 110 and a signal line 111, and further accommodates drive devices (not shown) such as a power supply device, a pump device, a robo cylinder, a linear guide, and a suction device.
Four column frames 53 stand on the upper surface of the base 51. A beam frame 54 lies on the two front and rear column frames 53. In the beam frame 54, a ROBO cylinder 97 for moving the printing unit 90 back and forth is housed as a drive device.
A support cylinder 55 is accommodated in the base 51. There are two support cylinders 55 directly below the center of the screen frame 96, and the table 61 is moved up and down by moving the support pins 56 up and down.

<< Carry-in / out mechanism 60 >>
The screen printing apparatus 100 includes a loading / unloading mechanism 60 that loads and unloads the curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49 to and from the printing position.
The carry-in / out mechanism 60 includes a table 61 that can move the base 51 in the front-rear and lateral directions. The table 61 is slid by the ROBO Cylinder 64 housed in the base 51 and moved in the front-rear and lateral directions.
Four support columns 62 that support the corners of the curved jig 47 stand on the upper surface of the table 61, and the four support columns 62 hold the corner ends of the curved jig 47 from below, 47 is fixed.

<< Printing section 90 >>
The screen printing apparatus 100 has a printing unit 90.
The printing unit 90 includes a slide unit 91, an upper and lower cylinder 93, and an upper and lower base plate 94.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the slide portion 91 is disposed between the two beam frames 54.
The slide portion 91 slides back and forth from the ROBO cylinder 97 housed in the beam frame 54. In other words, the printing unit 90 is attached to the beam frame 54 so as to be linearly movable in the front-rear and lateral directions.

The upper and lower base plates 94 are attached to the slide portion 91 via the upper and lower cylinders 93.
The upper and lower cylinders 93 move the upper and lower base plates 94 up and down relative to the slide portion 91 and generate a printing pressure downward during screen printing.
A squeegee 92 is attached to the lower center of the printing unit 90.
The printing position of the work 49 is the tip C of the squeegee 92.
As the tip C of the squeegee 92 moves, the printing position of the work 49 moves.

<< Screen making >>
Below the squeegee 92 is a screen plate making.
The screen plate making includes a screen 95 and a screen frame 96.
The screen frame 96 is detachably attached to the pillar frame 53 by an attachment mechanism (not shown).
The screen 95 is stretched over a screen frame 96, and a printing pattern is formed.
A specific example of the screen 95 is a mesh screen or a metal mask screen.
The screen 95 and the screen frame 96 have curved surfaces.
Each of the screen 95 and the screen frame 96 has a rectangular shape in a plan view, but has an arc shape in a side view.
The screen 95 and the screen frame 96 have curved surfaces or curved surfaces having the same radius as the surface of the workpiece 49.

<< Characteristic Configuration of Printing Unit 90 >>
2 and 4 show the detailed configuration of the printing unit 90. FIG.
The printing unit 90 includes a holding unit 40, a regulating unit 70, and a rotation control unit 80.
The holding unit 40 holds the squeegee 92.
The restricting portion 70 has the holding portion 40 attached rotatably.
The rotation control unit 80 rotates the holding unit 40 attached to the regulating unit 70.

<< Configuration of Holding Unit 40 >>
As shown in FIG. 5, the holding portion 40 includes a squeegee mounting portion 41, a guide rail 42, a bracket 43, and a slide cam follower 44.
The squeegee mounting portion 41 is a rectangular plate that exists in the left-right direction, and the squeegee 92 is mounted in a replaceable manner by a mounting mechanism (not shown).

The holding part 40 has an arcuate guide rail 42.
The guide rails 42 are arc-shaped rails fixed to the left and right sides of the squeegee mounting portion 41.
The guide rail 42 has an arc shape as a whole, the center of the arc is the tip C of the squeegee 92, and the center angle is 90 degrees.
The guide rail 42 has a mountain-shaped protrusion 45 on the upper surface and a curved surface on the lower surface.
The cross section in the radial direction of the guide rail 42 is a pentagon having a home base shape.

The bracket 43 has a concave shape when viewed from the front, and the bottom surface of the bracket 43 is fixed to the central upper surface of the squeegee mounting portion 41.
Two arms extend upward on both sides of the bracket 43, and a slide cam follower 44 is rotatably attached to the inside of the tip of the arms on both sides.

<< Configuration of Regulatory Unit 70 >>
As shown in FIG. 5, the restricting portion 70 has a holding portion 77 to which the guide rail 42 is rotatably attached, and the holding portion 40 is rotated so that the holding portion 40 rotates around the tip portion C of the squeegee 92. The direction of rotation is regulated.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the restricting portion 70 includes a side plate 71, a guide roller 72, and a guide cam follower 73.
The side plate 71 is fixed to both sides of the upper and lower base plates 94.
The side plate 71 has a rectangular shape or a trapezoidal shape in a side view.

As shown in FIG. 4, the sandwiching portion 77 has three guide rollers 72 and three guide cam followers 73.
As shown in FIG. 4, the guide roller 72 is disposed on the circumference of the radius R <b> 1 with the tip C of the squeegee 92 as the center.
As shown in FIG. 2, the guide roller 72 has a V-shaped depression 74 on the entire circumference. The projecting portion 45 of the guide rail 42 is fitted in the recessed portion 74 so that the guide rail 42 is not displaced left and right.

As shown in FIG. 4, the guide cam follower 73 is disposed on the circumference of the radius R <b> 2 with the tip C of the squeegee 92 as the center.
As shown in FIG. 2, the guide cam follower 73 has a cylindrical shape.
As shown in FIG. 4, the rotation shafts of the three guide rollers 72 and the three guide cam followers 73 are arranged on three radii around the tip C of the squeegee 92. The central angle of adjacent radii of the three radii is 30 degrees.

  The sandwiching portion 77 includes a guide roller 72 and a guide cam follower 73 that sandwich the guide rail 42 from above and below, and the guide rail 42 is sandwiched between the guide roller 72 and the guide cam follower 73. Further, since the center of the guide roller 72, the guide cam follower 73, and the guide rail 42 is the tip C, the guide rail 42 can rotate around the tip C of the squeegee 92, and the guide rail 42 is Only a movement that rotates around the tip C is possible.

<< Configuration of Rotation Control Unit 80 >>
The rotation control unit 80 moves the groove block 85 linearly, and controls the rotation of the squeegee 92 by linear movement of the groove block 85.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rotation control unit 80 includes a drive motor 87 and a fixed plate 88.
The drive motor 87 is fixed to the fixed plate 88.
A specific example of the drive motor 87 is a servo motor or a stepping motor.
The fixed plate 88 is fixed to the upper and lower base plates 94.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the rotation control unit 80 includes a linear guide 81, a moving block 82, a nut 83, and a ball screw 84.
The linear guide 81 is fixed to the lower surface of the slide portion 91 and is fixed horizontally in the front-rear direction.
The moving block 82 is attached to the linear guide 81 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction.
The nut 83 is fixed to the moving block 82.
The ball screw 84 is fixed to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 87 and rotates by the rotation of the drive motor 87.
When the drive motor 87 rotates, the nut 83 moves in the front-rear direction while being guided by the linear guide 81 and the moving block 82.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 4, and 5, the rotation control unit 80 includes a groove block 85.
The groove block 85 is a rectangular plate, and has a hole through which the ball screw 84 passes in the center, and is fixed to the nut 83.
The groove block 85 is fixed to a nut 83 and is moved in the front-rear direction by the nut 83.
The groove block 85 has slide grooves 86 that guide the slide cam follower 44 on both the left and right sides.
The slide groove 86 is a groove formed in the vertical direction.
The slide groove 86 is a concave groove for fitting and guiding the slide cam follower 44.
The slide cam follower 44 can move up and down while being inserted into the slide groove 86.

*** Explanation of operation ***
A schematic printing method of the screen printing apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 6 shows a screen printing method for performing screen printing on a workpiece 49 having a curved surface.

As shown in FIG. 6A, when the printing of the workpiece 49 is started, the control unit 110 rotates the guide rail 42 in the clockwise direction so that the attack angle formed between the squeegee 92 and the workpiece 49 is an angle θ. To be.
When printing from the rear end of the work 49 to the center, the control unit 110 gradually rotates the guide rail 42 counterclockwise. Since the guide rail 42 is gradually rotated counterclockwise, the attack angle can be maintained at the angle θ.
When printing from the center of the workpiece 49 to the front end, the control unit 110 gradually rotates the guide rail 42 in the counterclockwise direction. Since the guide rail 42 is gradually rotated counterclockwise, the attack angle can be maintained at the angle θ.

As described above, the screen printing apparatus 100 holds the squeegee 92 on the holding unit 40 and performs screen printing while rotating the holding unit 40 around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The holding unit 40 has an arcuate guide rail 42, holds the guide rail 42, and performs screen printing while restricting the moving direction of the guide rail 42.
The clamping unit 77 moves the guide rail 42 between the guide roller 72 and the guide cam follower 73.
In this way, the screen printing apparatus 100 performs screen printing on the workpiece 49 having a curved surface with the attack angle of the squeegee 92 set to a constant angle θ.

Hereinafter, the detailed operation of the printing method of the screen printing apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
The following operations are executed by the control unit 110 provided in the screen printing apparatus 100.

Step S11: Work Setting Step With the curved jig 47 placed on the support column 62 in FIG.
The curved surfaces of the curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49 have the same radius, and the workpiece 49 is arranged on the curved surface jig 47 without a gap.

Step S12: Table Movement Step The control unit 110 moves the table 61 in the front horizontal direction and stops moving the table 61 at a position directly below the printing unit 90.

Step S13: Curved surface jig raising step When the table 61 carries the curved surface jig 47, the control unit 110 raises the support pins 56 of the support cylinder 55, lifts the table 61, and raises the curved surface jig 47. The control unit 110 raises the curved surface jig 47 until the workpiece 49 and the screen frame 96 have a predetermined clearance.
The curved surfaces of the screen frame 96 and the workpiece 49 have the same radius, and the entire surface of the workpiece 49 is arranged with a predetermined clearance with respect to the screen frame 96.

Step S <b> 14: Printing unit setting step The control unit 110 moves the printing unit 90 to the rear end of the work 49 by the ROBO cylinder 97.
The control unit 110 lowers the squeegee 92 to the screen frame 96 using the upper and lower cylinders 93.
At this time, the control unit 110 rotates the drive motor 87 to move the nut 83 in the forward direction.
When the nut 83 moves in the forward direction, the groove block 85 also moves in the forward direction.
When the groove block 85 moves in the forward direction, the slide cam follower 44 fitted in the slide groove 86 also moves in the forward direction while descending the slide groove 86.
When the slide cam follower 44 moves in the forward direction, the bracket 43 tilts clockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
When the bracket 43 is tilted clockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92, the squeegee mounting portion 41 is also tilted clockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
When the squeegee mounting portion 41 is tilted clockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92, the guide rail 42 is also tilted clockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The control unit 110 rotates the drive motor 87 until the attack angle formed by the squeegee 92 and the work 49 becomes the angle θ.

Step S15: Printing Step The control unit 110 controls the upper and lower cylinders 93 to apply printing pressure to the upper and lower base plates 94.
The printing pressure applied to the upper and lower base plates 94 is transmitted to the side plate 71 and further transmitted to the three guide rollers 72.
The printing pressure applied to the three guide rollers 72 is transmitted to the guide rail 42 and further to the squeegee mounting portion 41.
The printing pressure applied to the squeegee mounting portion 41 is transmitted to the squeegee 92 and is transmitted to the tip C of the squeegee 92.
Thus, the printing pressure by the upper and lower cylinders 93 is transmitted to the tip C of the squeegee 92.
In this way, the clamping unit 77 applies printing pressure to the holding unit 40 by the guide roller 72.

This state is the printing start state shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6A, in the printing start state of the work 49, the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 is in front of the vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92.

The control unit 110 starts printing by moving the printing unit 90 forward by the ROBO cylinder 97.
As the printing unit 90 moves forward, the control unit 110 rotates the drive motor 87 to move the nut 83 backward.
When the nut 83 moves in the rearward direction, the groove block 85 also moves in the rearward direction.
When the groove block 85 moves in the rearward direction, the slide cam follower 44 fitted in the slide groove 86 also moves in the rearward direction while moving up the slide groove 86.
When the slide cam follower 44 moves in the rearward direction, the bracket 43 moves in the counterclockwise direction around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
When the bracket 43 moves in the counterclockwise direction around the distal end portion C of the squeegee 92, the squeegee mounting portion 41 also moves in the counterclockwise direction around the distal end portion C of the squeegee 92.
When the squeegee mounting portion 41 moves in the counterclockwise direction around the tip C of the squeegee 92, the guide rail 42 also moves in the counterclockwise direction around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The control unit 110 controls the rotation of the drive motor 87 so that the attack angle formed by the squeegee 92 and the work 49 becomes the angle θ.

In the printing at the center of the work 49 from the printing start state of the work 49, the rotational axis of the slide cam follower 44 is in front of the vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92.
As shown in FIG. 6B, when the center of the work 49 is printed, the tip C of the squeegee 92 and the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 are on the vertical line L.
From the center printing of the work 49 to the printing end state of the work 49, the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 is behind the vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92.

  As shown in FIG. 6C, in the printing end state of the work 49, the rotational axis of the slide cam follower 44 is behind the vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92.

  Since the guide rail 42 is clamped by the clamping unit 77, the guide rail 42 can swing between the guide roller 72 and the guide cam follower 73 like a rocking chair or a rocking basket, and the rotation control unit 80 includes the holding unit 40. The guide cam 42 swings by moving the slide cam follower 44 at the upper end of the back and forth.

<Control of moving speed of squeegee in the longitudinal direction>
FIG. 8A is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for controlling the ROBO cylinder 97 of the control unit 110.
When the controller 110 operates the ROBO Cylinder 97, if the moving speed of the printing unit 90 is made uniform, the surface of the work 49 is a curved surface and the printing length is not constant. Therefore, it is desirable that the control unit 110 changes the amount of the ROBO cylinder 97 that moves in the forward direction of the printing unit 90 to make the printing speed for the workpiece 49 constant.
Specifically, the control unit 110 changes the amount of movement of the ROBO cylinder 97 in the forward direction of the printing unit 90 according to the inclination angle of the squeegee 92 as follows.

The meanings of symbols in FIG. 8A are as follows.
E is a trajectory of the robot cylinder 97 moving in the forward direction of the printing unit 90.
F is the curved surface of the workpiece 49.
K is a unit angle, for example, π / 180.
K0 is the starting inclination angle of the squeegee 92 with respect to the horizontal direction at the start of printing.
M is the length of the straight line when the curved surface of the workpiece 49 per unit angle K is approximated by a straight line.
N1, N2, and N3 are amounts of movement of the printing unit 90 by the ROBO cylinder 97 in the forward direction.
H is an angle between the extending direction (radial direction) of the squeegee 92 and a straight line having a length M obtained by approximating the curved surface F of the workpiece 49 per unit angle K with a straight line.

If the unit angle K is reduced, the angle H approaches 90 degrees. Therefore, in the figure, the angle H is 90 degrees.
If the unit angle K is reduced, the arc length of the curved surface of the workpiece 49 per unit angle K approaches the straight line connecting both ends of the arc of the curved surface of the workpiece 49 per unit angle K. Therefore, the workpiece 49 per unit angle K Is approximated by a straight line having a length M connecting both ends of the circular arc of the curved surface of the work 49 per unit angle K.
If the inclination angle of the squeegee 92 changes by the unit angle K, it is possible to print the length M on the curved surface of the work 49.

When the starting inclination angle K0 of the squeegee 92 with respect to the horizontal direction at the start of printing changes by the unit angle K, the amount of movement N1 of the printing unit 90 in the forward direction by the ROBO cylinder 97 corresponding to the length M is obtained by the following calculation formula. be able to.
N1 / M = cos (π / 2−K0)
N1 = M · cos (π / 2−K0)

When the inclination angle K0 + K of the squeegee 92 further changes by the unit angle K, the movement amount N2 of the printing unit 90 in the forward direction by the ROBO cylinder 97 corresponding to the length M can be obtained by the following calculation formula.
N2 / M = cos (π / 2− (K0 + K))
N2 = M · cos (π / 2− (K0 + K))

When the inclination angle K0 + K + K = K0 + 2K of the squeegee 92 further changes by the unit angle K, the movement amount N3 of the printing unit 90 in the forward direction by the ROBO cylinder 97 corresponding to the length M can be obtained by the following calculation formula.
N3 / M = cos (π / 2− (K0 + 2K))
N3 = M · cos (π / 2− (K0 + 2K))

When the unit angle K increases n from the start inclination angle K0, the control unit 110
Nn = M · cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK))
The printing unit 90 is controlled to move in the forward direction by the ROBO cylinder 97 by the length Nn obtained in the above.
When printing is started from the rear end of the work 49, since n is small, K0 + nK is a small value and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) is a small value. Therefore, when printing of the workpiece 49 is started, the control unit 110 controls the robot unit 97 to move the printing unit 90 forward in a short manner.
When printing from the rear end to the center of the work 49, n gradually increases, K0 + nK gradually increases, and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) gradually increases. Therefore, after starting the printing of the workpiece 49, the control unit 110 controls the robot unit 97 so as to gradually move the printing unit 90 in the forward direction.
When printing the center of the workpiece 49, K0 + nK is π / 2, and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) is a maximum value of 1. Therefore, when printing the center of the workpiece 49, the control unit 110 controls the robot unit 97 to move the printing unit 90 forward by a length M.
When printing from the center of the workpiece 49 to the front end, n gradually increases, K0 + nK gradually increases, and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) gradually decreases. Therefore, when printing from the center of the workpiece 49 to the front end, the control unit 110 controls the robot unit 97 so that the printing unit 90 is gradually moved short in the forward direction.
As described above, the control unit 110 changes the linear moving speed in the printing direction of the printing unit 90 according to the printing position.

<Control of moving speed of groove block in the front-rear direction>
FIG. 8B is a conceptual diagram illustrating a method for controlling the drive motor 87 of the control unit 110.
When the control unit 110 operates the drive motor 87, if the moving speed of the groove block 85 is made uniform, the squeegee 92 rotates around the tip C, so the rotational speed of the squeegee 92 is not constant. Therefore, it is desirable that the control unit 110 changes the amount of movement of the groove block 85 by the drive motor 87 to make the rotation angle of the squeegee 92 constant.
Specifically, the control unit 110 desirably changes the amount of movement of the groove block 85 by the drive motor 87 according to the inclination angle of the squeegee 92 to make the rotation angle of the squeegee 92 constant as follows.
Change the amount.

The meanings of symbols in FIG. 8B are as follows.
D is a locus along which the groove block 85 moves backward.
G is a locus along which the rotation shaft of the slide cam follower 44 moves. An arc centered on the tip C of the squeegee 92.
K is a unit angle, for example, π / 180.
K0 is the starting inclination angle of the squeegee 92 with respect to the horizontal direction at the start of printing.
I is the length of a straight line when the curved surface of the workpiece 49 per unit angle K is approximated by a straight line.
D1, D2, and D3 are amounts of movement of the groove block 85 in the rearward direction by the drive motor 87.
H is an angle between the extending direction (radial direction) of the squeegee 92 and a straight line when the locus G of the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 per unit angle K is approximated by a straight line.

If the unit angle K is reduced, the angle H approaches 90 degrees. Therefore, in the figure, the angle H is 90 degrees.
If the unit angle K is reduced, the arc length of the trajectory G along which the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 moves per unit angle K is equal to both ends of the arc of the trajectory G along which the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 moves per unit angle K. Since it approaches the connected straight line, the arc length of the trajectory G where the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 moves per unit angle K is connected to both ends of the arc of the trajectory G where the rotation axis of the slide cam follower 44 moves per unit angle K. It is approximated by a straight line of length I.

  In order to change the inclination angle of the squeegee 92 evenly by the unit angle K, the rotational axis of the slide cam follower 44 only needs to move evenly by the length I. In order for the rotational axis of the slide cam follower 44 to move equally by the length I, the control unit 110 calculates the movement amounts D1, D2, and D3 in the backward direction of the groove block 85 by the drive motor 87 as follows.

When the starting inclination angle K0 of the squeegee 92 with respect to the horizontal direction at the start of printing changes by the unit angle K, the amount of movement D1 in the backward direction of the groove block 85 by the drive motor 87 corresponding to the length I is obtained by the following calculation formula. be able to.
D1 / I = cos (π / 2−K0)
D1 = I · cos (π / 2−K0)

When the inclination angle K0 + K of the squeegee 92 further changes by the unit angle K, the amount of movement D2 in the backward direction of the groove block 85 by the drive motor 87 corresponding to the length I can be obtained by the following calculation formula.
D2 / I = cos (π / 2− (K0 + K))
D2 = I · cos (π / 2− (K0 + K))

When the inclination angle K0 + K + K = K0 + 2K of the squeegee 92 further changes by the unit angle K, the movement amount D3 of the groove block 85 in the backward direction by the drive motor 87 corresponding to the length I can be obtained by the following calculation formula.
D3 / I = cos (π / 2− (K0 + 2K))
D3 = I · cos (π / 2− (K0 + 2K))

When the unit angle K increases n from the start inclination angle K0, the control unit 110
Dn = I · cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK))
The groove block 85 is controlled to move backward by the drive motor 87 by the length Dn obtained in step (1).
When printing is started from the rear end of the work 49, since n is small, K0 + nK is a small value and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) is a small value. Therefore, when printing of the workpiece 49 is started, the control unit 110 controls the drive motor 87 so that the groove block 85 is moved rearward and short.
When printing from the rear end to the center of the work 49, n gradually increases, K0 + nK gradually increases, and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) gradually increases. Therefore, after the printing of the workpiece 49 is started, the control unit 110 controls the drive motor 87 so that the groove block 85 is gradually moved backward longer.
When printing the center of the workpiece 49, K0 + nK is π / 2, and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) is a maximum value of 1. Accordingly, when printing the center of the workpiece 49, the control unit 110 controls the drive motor 87 to move the groove block 85 backward by the length I.
When printing from the center of the workpiece 49 to the front end, n gradually increases, K0 + nK gradually increases, and cos (π / 2− (K0 + nK)) gradually decreases. Therefore, when printing from the center of the workpiece 49 to the front end, the control unit 110 controls the drive motor 87 so that the groove block 85 is gradually moved rearward and short.
As described above, the control unit 110 controls the rotation control unit 80 to change the linear movement speed in the backward direction of the groove block 85 according to the printing position.

Step S16: Squeegee Raising Step When the printing is finished, the control unit 110 raises the squeegee 92 by the upper and lower cylinders 93.

Step S17: Curved jig lowering step The controller 110 lowers the support pin 56 and lowers the curved jig 47.

Step S18: Table Returning Step The control unit 110 moves the table 61 in the rear lateral direction and carries out the curved surface jig 47 and the work 49.
Thereafter, the work 49 is replaced and new printing is started.

  As described above, the printing method of this embodiment uses the guide rail 42 to change the inclination angle of the squeegee 92 with the tip C (printing position) of the squeegee 92 as the center of rotation, thereby maintaining a constant attack angle. The angle θ is maintained. The rotation control unit 80 controlled by the control unit 110 executes change control of the inclination angle with the tip C (printing position) of the squeegee 92 as the center of rotation. That is, the rotation of the squeegee 92 is automatically performed by driving the ball screw of the drive motor 87, and the squeegee 92 rotates so as to keep the attack angle at a constant angle θ in conjunction with the movement of the printing position.

The rotation control unit 80 fixes the groove block 85 to the moving block 82 and the nut 83 of the linear guide 81 and moves the groove block 85 back and forth with the nut 83.
Two slide cam followers 44 attached to the inside of the upper ends of the two arms of the bracket 43 fixed to the squeegee mounting portion 41 enter the slide groove 86 on both sides of the groove block 85 without any gap.
When the ball screw 84 is rotated by the rotation of the drive motor 87, the nut 83 moves back and forth. As the nut 83 moves back and forth, the groove block 85 also moves back and forth. As the groove block 85 moves back and forth, the slide cam follower 44 moves back and forth, and the squeegee mounting portion 41 rotates.

*** Effects of Embodiment 1 ***
According to this embodiment, screen printing can be performed on a curved workpiece.
According to this embodiment, since the attack angle of the squeegee can be made constant with respect to a workpiece having a curved surface, printing with an optimum attack angle can be performed even for a curved workpiece.

*** Other components ***
<Other configuration of rotation control unit 80>
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another configuration of the rotation control unit 80 of the printing unit 90.
9 differs from FIG. 4 in that the drive motor 87 is fixed to the upper surface of the upper and lower base plates 94. FIG.
The rotation of the drive motor 87 is transmitted to the ball screw 84 by the pulley belt mechanism 89.
The pulley belt mechanism 89 includes a pulley fixed to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 87, a pulley fixed to the ball screw 84, and a belt spanned by two pulleys.
In the configuration of FIG. 9, since the drive motor 87 is fixed to the upper surface of the upper and lower base plates 94, the length of the printing unit 90 in the front-rear direction can be shortened compared to the configuration of FIG. 4.
Although not shown, the rotation of the drive motor 87 may be transmitted to the ball screw 84 using a gear, a coupling, or other transmission mechanism.

<Printing on convex curved surface>
FIG. 10 shows a case where the curved surface jig 47, the workpiece 49, and the screen frame 96 are convex curved surfaces instead of concave curved surfaces. By changing the control of the control unit 110, the printing unit 90 having the same configuration as the printing unit 90 described above can print on the workpiece 49 having a convex curved surface.
That is, the control unit 110 rotates the drive motor 87 in the printing start state and moves the guide rail 42 counterclockwise, and rotates the drive motor 87 until the printing rail is changed from the printing start state to the printing end state. 42 is moved clockwise. In this way, it is possible to print on the convexly curved workpiece 49 while keeping the attack angle at the angle θ.

<Other configuration of curved surface jig 47>
FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of the side surface of the curved jig 47.
The curved jig 47 of (a) has a flat surface at the center and curved surfaces at both ends.
The curved jig 47 of (b) has a curved surface at the center and flat surfaces at both ends.
The curved jig 47 of (c) has a convex curved surface below.
The curved surface jig 47 of (d) has an upward convex curved surface and a downward convex curved surface.
The curved jig 47 in (e) has a convex curved surface at the center and convex curved surfaces at both ends.

By combining convex processing, concave processing, or bending processing in bending processing of the curved surface jig 47, the curved surface jig 47 as shown in FIG. 11 can be formed, and convex surface printing, concave surface printing, or the like is possible. Although not shown in FIG. 11, the workpiece 49 also has the same side shape as the curved surface jig 47.
The control unit 110 rotates the drive motor 87 and moves the guide rail 42 according to the shapes of the curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49. In this way, it is possible to print on the workpiece 49 in which the curved surface and the flat surface are combined while maintaining the attack angle at the angle θ.

<Other configuration of lifting mechanism>
It is not necessary to raise and lower the curved jig 47 and the work 49 by raising and lowering the carry-in / out mechanism 60 by the support cylinder 55 and the support pin 56, and four cylinders are provided at the top of the four support pillars 62. The curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49 may be moved up and down by this cylinder.
The upper and lower base plates 94 may be moved up and down by a servo motor or other lifting mechanism without depending on the upper and lower cylinders 93.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In this embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be described.

*** Explanation of configuration ***
The screen printing apparatus 100 of FIGS. 12, 13, and 14 is an apparatus that operates a curved workpiece 49 with a curved jig 47 and performs screen printing by screen plate making.
As shown in FIG. 15, the rotation control unit 80 has two legs 801 fixed to the front and rear of the holding unit 40. The center angle of the two legs 801 is 90 degrees.
The legs 801 are legs that extend linearly from both end faces of the arc-shaped guide rail 42. The shape of the guide rail 42 and the foot 801 in a side view is a round mountain shape.
The foot 801 has a foot cam follower 802 that moves on the curved surface of the curved jig 47 at the tip.
As shown in FIG. 13, the rotation control unit 80 is on the left and right, and the left and right width of the rotation control unit 80 is smaller than the left and right width of the curved surface jig 47.

*** Explanation of operation ***
The work setting process in step S11, the table moving process in step S12, and the curved surface jig raising process in step S13 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Step S <b> 14: Printing unit setting step The control unit 110 moves the printing unit 90 to the rear end of the work 49 by the ROBO cylinder 97.
The control unit 110 lowers the squeegee 92 to the screen frame 96 using the upper and lower cylinders 93.
When the squeegee 92 is lowered, the rear foot cam follower 802 comes into contact with the surface of the curved jig 47 and the rear foot cam follower 802 cannot be lowered. When the controller 110 further lowers the squeegee 92, the guide rail 42 begins to move clockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92, and the front foot cam follower 802 begins to descend.
When the front foot cam follower 802 is lowered, the front foot cam follower 802 comes into contact with the surface of the curved jig 47 and the front foot cam follower 802 cannot be lowered.
When the rear foot cam follower 802 and the front foot cam follower 802 come into contact with the surface of the curved jig 47, the descent of the squeegee 92 stops.
This state is a printing start state shown in FIG. 16A, in which an appropriate printing pressure is applied to the tip C of the squeegee 92, and the attack angle is an angle θ.

Step S15: Printing Step The control unit 110 starts printing by moving the printing unit 90 forward by the ROBO cylinder 97.
The controller 110 controls the upper and lower cylinders 93 to apply printing pressure to the upper and lower base plates 94 during printing.

When the printing unit 90 moves forward, the foot cam follower 802 moves forward while rolling on the surface of the curved jig 47.
When the foot cam follower 802 moves from the rear to the center while rolling on the surface of the curved jig 47, the straight line connecting the two foot cam followers 802 approaches the horizontal from the front downward, so the guide rail 42 is centered on the tip C of the squeegee 92. To move counterclockwise.
Further, when the foot cam follower 802 moves forward from the center while rolling on the surface of the curved jig 47, the straight line connecting the two foot cam followers 802 rises from the horizontal to the front, so that the guide rail 42 moves the tip C of the squeegee 92. Move counterclockwise around.
As described above, the rotation control unit 80 controls the rotation of the guide rail 42 so that the attack angle formed by the squeegee 92 and the work 49 becomes the angle θ.

  The squeegee raising process in step S16, the curved jig lowering process in step S17, and the table returning process in step S18 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

*** Effects of Embodiment 2 ***
According to this embodiment, screen printing can be performed on a curved workpiece with a simple configuration of the rotation control unit 80 including two legs 801.
According to this embodiment, the attack angle of the squeegee can be made constant by abutting the two legs 801 against the curved jig 47 having a curved surface.
Further, the guide rail 42 and the two legs 801 can be manufactured as a single component.

*** Other components ***
<Configuration of foot 801>
As shown in FIG. 17, the foot 801 does not have to be rod-shaped and may be bent to the left and right in an L shape. In FIG. 17, the foot 801 is bent at a right angle of 2 degrees.
Even when the foot portion 801 is bent to the left and right in an L shape, the left and right widths of the curved surface jig 47 and the foot cam follower 802 have the same width.
When the foot part 801 is bent in the left and right shape in an L shape, the space below the printing part 90 can be widened.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In this embodiment, differences from the above-described embodiment will be described.

*** Explanation of configuration ***
As shown in FIG. 18, the entire printing unit 90 may be moved in an arc.
18 includes a moving mechanism 99 that moves the printing unit 90 holding the squeegee 92 in an arc.
The moving mechanism 99 includes a ROBO cylinder 97 and a curved rail 112. The slide portion 91 of the printing unit 90 is slidably attached to the curved rail 112. The slide portion 91 of the printing unit 90 moves in an arc along the curved rail 112 by the driving force of the ROBO cylinder 97.
The center of the arc of the rail 112, the arc of the work 49, and the arc of the screen frame 96 is at the same center point.
The tip C of the squeegee 92 attached to the printing unit 90 moves along an arc centered on the center point of the arc of the rail 112.
Therefore, during the movement of the printing unit 90, the attack angle θ is constant.

*** Explanation of effects ***
According to the configuration shown in FIG. 18, it is possible to print the workpiece 49 having a curved surface at a constant attack angle θ with a simple configuration. Further, the control unit 110 moves the printing unit 90 at a constant speed by the ROBO cylinder 97, so that printing can be performed at a constant speed on the workpiece 49 having a curved surface.

*** Other components ***
The moving mechanism 99 may have other configurations.
As shown in FIG. 19, a moving mechanism 99 that moves the printing unit 90 like a pendulum may be used. The moving mechanism 99 has an arm 98 and a drive motor 87, and the arm 98 rotates around the rotation axis of the drive motor 87 when the drive motor 87 rotates. When the arm 98 rotates, the printing unit 90 fixed to the lower end of the arm 98 also rotates. The rotational axis of the drive motor 87 is located at the center of the arc of the work 49 and the arc of the screen frame 96.
In this manner, the moving mechanism 99 moves the printing unit 90 so that the tip C of the squeegee 92 attached to the printing unit 90 moves an arc centered on the center point of the arc of the work 49 and the arc of the screen frame 96. As long as it rotates.
The moving mechanism 99 can be realized by a combination of existing components such as a motor, a slider, a rail, a cylinder, a belt, a screw, and a conversion mechanism.
Alternatively, the configuration of the rotation control unit 80 shown in FIG. 4 is applied to the ROBO cylinder 97, the configuration of the regulating unit 70 shown in FIG. 4 is applied to the beam frame 54, and the configuration of the holding unit 40 is further changed to the printing unit 90. The entire printing unit 90 may be rotated about the tip C of the squeegee 92 as an application.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
In this embodiment, differences from the above-described embodiment will be described.

*** Explanation of configuration ***
The screen printing apparatus 100 shown in FIGS. 20, 21, and 22 is an apparatus that operates a workpiece 49 having a curved surface with a curved jig 47 and performs screen printing by screen plate making.
23, 24, and 25 are detailed perspective views showing the printing unit 90 used in the screen printing apparatus 100. FIG.
23, 24, and 25, the printing unit 90 includes a scraper 310 and a scraper cylinder 320 that moves the scraper 310 up and down as a scraper mechanism.
In FIG. 20, FIG. 21, and FIG. 22, the scraper mechanism is not shown for ease of explanation.

<< Printing section 90 >>
The screen printing apparatus 100 has a printing unit 90.
The printing unit 90 includes a slide unit 91.
As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the slide portion 91 is disposed between the two beam frames 54.
The slide portion 91 slides back and forth from the ROBO cylinder 97 housed in the beam frame 54.
The printing unit 90 is attached to the beam frame 54 so as to be linearly movable in the front-rear and lateral directions.
A squeegee 92 is attached to the lower center of the printing unit 90.
The printing position of the work 49 is the tip C of the squeegee 92.
As the tip C of the squeegee 92 moves, the printing position of the work 49 moves.

<< Configuration of Printing Unit 90 >>
The printing unit 90 includes a holding unit 40, a regulating unit 70, and a rotation control unit 80.
The holding unit 40 holds the squeegee 92.
The restricting portion 70 has the holding portion 40 attached rotatably.
The rotation control unit 80 rotates the holding unit 40 attached to the regulating unit 70.

<< Configuration of Holding Unit 40 >>
As shown in FIG. 21, the holding unit 40 includes a back plate 210 and a horizontal plate 211.

<Back plate 210>
The back plate 210 is a flat plate parallel to the slide portion 91.
A printing pressure cylinder 221 is fixed at the center of the back plate 210.
A squeegee mounting portion 41 is fixed under the printing pressure cylinder 221.
The squeegee mounting part 41 fixes a squeegee 92.
The printing pressure cylinder 221 is a cylinder that moves the squeegee 92 up and down.
The printing pressure cylinder 221 is a cylinder that applies printing pressure to the squeegee 92 during screen printing.

<Horizontal plate 211>
The horizontal plate 211 is a flat plate fixed to both ends of the back plate 210.
The horizontal plate 211 has a rectangular shape or a trapezoidal shape in a side view.
The horizontal plate 211 is orthogonal to the back plate 210.

<Nipping part 77>
As shown in FIG. 26A, the horizontal plate 211 has a clamping portion 77.
The clamping part 77 has two guide rollers 72 and two guide cam followers 73.
The guide roller 72 is disposed on a circumference centering on the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The guide cam follower 73 is disposed on a circumference centering on the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The rotation shafts of the two guide rollers 72 and the rotation shafts of the two guide cam followers 73 are arranged on two radii centered on the tip C of the squeegee 92, respectively.
The central angle α of the two radii is preferably 30 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less, and preferably 40 degrees.

<Pin 212>
As shown in FIG. 26A, the horizontal plate 211 has a pin 212.
The pin 212 is a cylindrical bar protruding from the horizontal plate 211.
The pin 212 is disposed immediately above the distal end portion C of the squeegee 92 and is disposed on a vertical line L passing through the distal end portion C of the squeegee 92.

<< Configuration of Rotation Control Unit 80 >>
As shown in FIG. 21, the rotation control unit 80 is on the left and right.
The left-right width of the pair of rotation control units 80 is smaller than the left-right width of the curved surface jig 47.
The rotation control unit 80 has a foot 801 fixed to the lower end of the holding unit 40.
The foot portion 801 has a foot cam follower 802 that moves on the curved surface of the curved surface jig 47.
The foot 801 has a foot cam follower 802 attached rotatably.

As shown in (a) of FIG. 26, the foot portion 801 is in front of and behind the lower end of the horizontal plate 211.
A line connecting the centers of the two foot cam followers 802 is orthogonal to a vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The radii of the two foot cam followers 802 are the same.
The distance between the center of the two foot cam followers 802 and the vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92 is the same.

<< Configuration of Regulatory Unit 70 >>
As shown in (c) of FIG. 26, the restricting portion 70 includes an upper and lower cylinder 93 and an upper and lower plate 290.
The upper and lower cylinders 93 and the upper and lower plates 290 each have a pair, and exist on the left and right sides of the slide portion 91.
The upper and lower cylinders 93 are fixed with respect to the slide portion 91.
The upper and lower cylinders 93 move the upper and lower plates 290 up and down and generate pressure downward when screen printing.
The upper and lower plates 290 are flat plates that are parallel to the front-rear direction.
The upper and lower plates 290 are orthogonal to the slide portion 91.
The upper and lower plates 290 are rectangular or trapezoidal when viewed from the side.
The upper and lower plates 290 are arranged in parallel with the horizontal plate 211.
The front-rear horizontal width of the upper and lower plates 290 is the same as or substantially the same as the front-rear horizontal width of the horizontal plate 211.

<Guide rail 42>
As shown in (c) of FIG. 26, an arc-shaped guide rail 42 is provided at the lower end of the horizontal plate 211.
The guide rail 42 has an arc shape as a whole, the center of the arc is the tip C of the squeegee 92, and the center angle is 90 degrees.
The guide rail 42 has a mountain-shaped protrusion 45 on the upper surface and a curved surface on the lower surface.
The cross section in the radial direction of the guide rail 42 is a pentagon having a home base shape.
As shown in FIG. 21, the guide rail 42 and the sandwiching portion 77 are disposed between the upper and lower plates 290 and the horizontal plate 211.
As shown in (b) of FIG. 26, the guide rail 42 has a clamping part 77 attached so as to be rotatable around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The guide rail 42 regulates the rotation direction of the holding unit 40 so that the holding unit 40 rotates around the tip C of the squeegee 92.

  Since the clamping part 77 clamps the guide rail 42, the guide roller 72 and the guide cam follower 73 of the clamping part 77 can swing like a rocking chair or a rocking basket.

<Regulation hole 291>
As shown in (c) of FIG. 26, the horizontal plate 211 has an arc-shaped restriction hole 291.
The center of the restriction hole 291 is the tip C of the squeegee 92.
A suitable value for the central angle of the restriction hole 291 is 30 degrees.
As shown in FIG. 26B, the restriction hole 291 is a hole for inserting the pin 212 and sliding the pin 212 in an arc shape.
The restriction hole 291 restricts the rotation of the pin 212 within the range of the central angle of the restriction hole 291.

<Spring 213>
As shown in FIG. 21, the restricting portion 70 has a pair of springs 213.
The spring 213 is a tension spring connected to the slide portion 91 and the horizontal plate 211.
The spring 213 is located directly above the squeegee 92 and is disposed on a vertical line L passing through the tip C of the squeegee 92.

*** Explanation of operation ***
A detailed operation of the printing method of the screen printing apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing the printing operation.
In FIG. 28, the screen 95 and the screen frame 96 are not shown.
The following operations are executed by the control unit 110 provided in the screen printing apparatus 100.
In this embodiment, a case where printing is performed from the front lateral direction to the rear lateral direction will be described.

Step S11: Workpiece setting step The workpiece 49 is placed on the curved surface jig 47 in a state where the curved surface jig 47 is placed on the support column 62 of FIG.
The curved surfaces of the curved surface jig 47 and the workpiece 49 have the same radius, and the workpiece 49 is arranged on the curved surface jig 47 without a gap.

Step S12: Table Movement Step The control unit 110 moves the table 61 in the front horizontal direction and stops moving the table 61 at a position directly below the printing unit 90.

Step S13: Curved surface jig raising step When the table 61 carries the curved surface jig 47, the control unit 110 raises the support pins 56 of the support cylinder 55, lifts the table 61, and raises the curved surface jig 47. The control unit 110 raises the curved surface jig 47 until the workpiece 49 and the screen frame 96 have a predetermined clearance.
The curved surfaces of the screen frame 96 and the workpiece 49 have the same radius, and the entire surface of the workpiece 49 is arranged with a predetermined clearance with respect to the screen frame 96.

Step S <b> 24: Printing unit setting step The control unit 110 moves the printing unit 90 to the front end of the work 49 by the ROBO cylinder 97.
As shown in FIG. 26B, the holding unit 40 and the regulating unit 70 are aligned in the vertical direction by the spring 213, and the holding unit 40 does not rotate with respect to the regulating unit 70.

<Descent of upper and lower cylinders 93>
The control unit 110 lowers the upper and lower plates 290 of the restricting unit 70 using the upper and lower cylinders 93.
The pressure applied to the upper and lower plates 290 by the upper and lower cylinders 93 is transmitted to the guide rail 42. The pressure transmitted to the guide rail 42 is transmitted to the two guide cam followers 73 and further transmitted to the horizontal plate 211.
The downward pressure on the horizontal plate 211 lowers the entire holding unit 40.
When the holding part 40 is lowered, the spring 213 starts to extend.
Further, when the holding unit 40 is lowered, the rotation control unit 80 is also lowered.
When the rotation control unit 80 is lowered, the front foot cam follower 802 comes into contact with the surface of the curved jig 47 and the front foot cam follower 802 cannot be lowered.
When the controller 110 further lowers the restricting portion 70 using the upper and lower cylinders 93, the spring 213 extends, and the clamping portion 77 moves along the guide rail 42 counterclockwise around the tip C of the squeegee 92. At the beginning, the rear foot cam follower 802 starts to drop.
When the rear foot cam follower 802 is lowered, the rear foot cam follower 802 comes into contact with the surface of the curved jig 47, and the rear foot cam follower 802 cannot be lowered.
When the front foot cam follower 802 and the rear foot cam follower 802 come into contact with the surface of the curved jig 47, the holding portion 40 stops descending and the regulation portion 70 using the upper and lower cylinders 93 stops descending.
As described above, when the holding unit 40 is lowered, the rotation control unit 80 hits the surface of the curved jig 47, and the holding unit 40 rotates around the tip C of the squeegee 92. Thus, the attack angle of the squeegee 92 becomes the angle θ.

<Descent of printing cylinder 221>
The controller 110 lowers the squeegee 92 using the printing pressure cylinder 221 and applies printing pressure to the squeegee 92.
The rotation controller 80 receives the pressure applied to the two guide cam followers 73 from the guide rail 42, and the pressure applied to the two guide cam followers 73 from the guide rail 42 is not directly transmitted to the squeegee 92.
The printing pressure cylinder 221 is provided to apply a printing pressure directly to the squeegee 92.
The printing pressure applied to the squeegee mounting portion 41 from the printing pressure cylinder 221 is transmitted to the squeegee 92 and is transmitted to the tip portion C of the squeegee 92.
Thus, the printing pressure by the printing pressure cylinder 221 is transmitted to the tip C of the squeegee 92.
FIG. 27A shows the print start state.

Step S25: Printing Step The control unit 110 starts printing by moving the printing unit 90 rearward by the ROBO cylinder 97.
As indicated by the downward arrow in FIG. 28, the control unit 110 moves the printing unit 90 backward while applying downward pressure to both the upper and lower cylinders 93 and 221 during printing. Print.

When the printing unit 90 moves backward, the foot cam follower 802 moves backward while rolling on the surface of the curved jig 47.
When the foot cam follower 802 rolls from the front to the center while rolling on the surface of the curved jig 47, the straight line connecting the two foot cam followers 802 approaches the horizontal from the rear fall, so that the holding portion 77 is centered on the tip C of the squeegee 92. To move clockwise.
FIG. 28B shows the state of the workpiece 49 at an intermediate point.

When the foot cam follower 802 rolls from the center to the rear while rolling on the surface of the curved jig 47, the straight line connecting the two foot cam followers 802 rises from the horizontal to the rear, so that the sandwiching portion 77 is centered on the tip C of the squeegee 92. To move clockwise.
As described above, the rotation control unit 80 controls the rotation of the guide rail 42 so that the attack angle formed by the squeegee 92 and the work 49 becomes the angle θ.

When the rotation control unit 80 moves in the clockwise direction around the tip C of the squeegee 92, the clamping unit 77 also moves in the clockwise direction around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
During printing, the attack angle formed by the squeegee 92 and the work 49 is maintained at the angle θ.
FIG. 28C shows the print end state of the work 49.

Step S <b> 26: Squeegee Ascent Step When the printing is finished, the control unit 110 raises the restriction unit 70 by the upper and lower cylinders 93 and raises the squeegee 92 by the printing pressure cylinder 221.
When the restricting portion 70 is raised, the holding portion 40 is rotated about the tip portion C of the squeegee 92 by the spring 213. Thus, the holding part 40 and the restricting part 70 are returned to the state aligned in the vertical direction by the spring 213, and the holding part 40 is not rotated with respect to the restricting part 70.
The controller 110 lowers the scraper 310 by the scraper cylinder 320.
The control unit 110 moves the printing unit 90 to the front end of the work 49 by the ROBO cylinder 97 while returning the ink by the scraper 310.

Step S17: Curved jig lowering step The controller 110 lowers the support pin 56 and lowers the curved jig 47.

Step S18: Table Returning Step The control unit 110 moves the table 61 in the rear lateral direction and carries out the curved surface jig 47 and the work 49.
Thereafter, the work 49 is replaced and new printing is started.

As described above, the screen printing apparatus 100 holds the squeegee 92 on the holding unit 40 and performs screen printing while rotating the holding unit 40 around the tip C of the squeegee 92.
The holding unit 40 includes a clamping unit 77, and the guide rail 42 is clamped by the clamping unit 77 to perform screen printing while restricting the moving direction of the clamping unit 77.
The restricting portion 70 has a guide rail 42 and moves the guide roller 72 and the guide cam follower 73 along the guide rail 42.
In this way, the screen printing apparatus 100 performs screen printing on the workpiece 49 having a curved surface with the attack angle of the squeegee 92 set to a constant angle θ.

<Features of Embodiment 4>
In the fourth embodiment, the screen printing apparatus 100 that performs screen printing on the workpiece 49 having a curved surface has been described.
The screen printing apparatus 100 includes a holding unit 40, a regulating unit 70, and a rotation control unit 80.
The holding unit 40 holds the squeegee 92.
The restricting portion 70 attaches the holding portion 40 by restricting the rotation direction of the holding portion 40 so that the holding portion 40 rotates around the tip of the squeegee 92.
The rotation control unit 80 rotates the holding unit 40 attached to the regulating unit 70.

The restricting portion 70 has an arc-shaped guide rail 42.
The holding part 40 has a holding part 77 that is rotatably attached to the guide rail 42.

The clamping unit 77 includes a guide roller 72 and a guide cam follower 73 that sandwich the guide rail 42 from above and below.
The guide rail 42 applies downward pressure to the holding portion 40.
The holding unit 40 holds the arc-shaped guide rail 42 by the holding unit 77 and performs screen printing while restricting the moving direction of the holding unit 77.

The restricting portion 70 has an upper and lower cylinder 93 that moves the holding portion 40 up and down.
The holding unit 40 includes a printing pressure cylinder 221 that moves the squeegee 92 up and down.

The screen printing apparatus 100 uses a curved jig 47 on which the work 49 is placed.
The rotation control unit 80 includes a foot 801 fixed before and after the holding unit 40.
The foot 801 moves on the curved surface of the curved jig 47.

*** Effects of Embodiment 4 ***
According to this embodiment, screen printing can be performed on a curved workpiece.
According to this embodiment, the rotation control unit 80 can make the attack angle of the squeegee constant with respect to a workpiece having a curved surface.
According to this embodiment, the printing pressure cylinder 221 can apply a desired printing pressure to the squeegee 92 alone.
According to this embodiment, since the restriction hole 291 restricts the movement range of the pin 212, the rotation angle of the holding part 40 with respect to the restriction part 70 can be restricted.

*** Other components ***
The guide rail 42 may be provided in the holding part 40 and the clamping part 77 may be provided in the restriction part 70.
The number of guide rollers 72 and guide cam followers 73 may be two or more.
The spring 213 is a mechanism for preventing the holding unit 40 from wobbling during the forward movement of the printing unit 90 and keeping the holding unit 40 vertical. If the holding unit 40 does not move relative to the regulating unit 70, the spring 213 is a spring. 213 may be omitted.
The restriction part 70 does not have to be on the left and right, and may be at only one central position.
The foot portion 801 is a portion that holds the foot cam follower 802 rotatably, and the shape of the foot portion 801 may be any shape as long as the foot cam follower 802 is rotatably held.

Embodiment 5. FIG.
In this embodiment, differences from the above-described embodiment will be described.
In this embodiment, “detachable” means that the component is scheduled to be attached or detached.
Therefore, in this embodiment, “detachable” means that a part of a manufacturer or user can be exchanged by hand or using a tool that is generally commercially available.
In this embodiment, “C that can fix either A or B and any part” means that C can fix either A or B without changing the configuration of C. Say what you can do.

*** Explanation of configuration ***
The screen printing apparatus 100 shown in FIGS. 29, 30, 31, and 32 is a screen printing apparatus that performs screen printing on a workpiece having a concave surface or a convex surface.
The screen printing apparatus 100 is a screen printing apparatus that performs screen printing on a workpiece 49 having a curved surface.
The screen printing apparatus 100 includes a jig fixing unit 460, a frame fixing unit 440, a guide fixing unit 420, a printing unit 90, and a moving mechanism 99.

** Jig fixing part 460 **
The jig fixing unit 460 fixes the curved surface jig 47 that holds the workpiece 49 to the table 61.
The jig fixing portion 460 detachably fixes one of the curved surface jig 47 of the concave surface jig 471 having a concave surface and the convex surface jig 472 having a convex surface to the table 61.
As shown in FIG. 29, the concave jig 471 is a curved jig having an arcuate curved surface that is recessed downward from a horizontal plane.
As shown in FIG. 30, the convex jig 472 is a curved jig having an arcuate curved surface that swells upward from a horizontal plane.
The jig fixing unit 460 may fix the curved jig 47 to the base 51 so as to be detachable.

** Frame fixing part 440 **
The frame fixing unit 440 fixes the screen frame 96 with the screen 95 stretched to the pillar frame 53.
The frame fixing unit 440 fixes the screen frame 96 on the curved surface jig 47 fixed to the table 61 by the jig fixing unit 460.
The frame fixing unit 440 desirably fixes only the frame in the left-right direction of the screen frame 96.
It is desirable that the frame fixing unit 440 does not fix a frame in the front-rear direction of the screen frame 96.

** Guide fixing part 420 **
The guide fixing part 420 fixes the curved surface guide 410 so that attachment or detachment is possible.
The guide fixing part 420 fixes both ends of the curved surface guide 410 to the column frame 53.
As shown in FIG. 31, the guide fixing unit 420 fixes two curved guides 410 having the same curved surface in parallel on the left and right sides of the printing unit 90.
The guide fixing part 420 fixes the curved surface guide 410 on the screen frame 96 fixed by the frame fixing part 440.
The guide fixing part 420 fixes the curved surface guide 410 above the screen 95 of the screen frame 96.
The guide fixing unit 420 detachably fixes one of the curved surface guides of the concave surface guide 411 having a concave surface and the convex surface guide 412 having a convex surface.
As shown in FIG. 29, the concave guide 411 is a rail-shaped curved guide having an arc-shaped curved surface that is recessed downward from a horizontal plane.
As shown in FIG. 30, the convex guide 412 is a rail-shaped curved guide having an arc-shaped curved surface that swells upward from a horizontal plane.

** Printer 90 **
The printing unit 90 holds the squeegee 92 and moves the screen 95 toward the workpiece 49 held by the curved jig 47 until the screen 95 reaches the curved surface of the workpiece 49 held by the curved jig 47. Push.
The printing unit 90 includes a rotation control unit 80 that moves the curved surface of the curved surface guide 410 to keep the attack angle of the squeegee 92 constant with respect to the curved surface of the workpiece 49.
The rotation control unit 80 includes two foot portions 801 that move on the curved surfaces of the two curved surface guides 410 and two foot cam followers 802 attached to the front and rear of each foot portion 801.

** Movement mechanism 99 **
The moving mechanism 99 moves the printing unit 90 in the front-rear direction by the slide unit 91 and the ROBO cylinder 97.
The moving mechanism 99 can pressurize the printing unit 90 downward by the upper and lower cylinders 93.
The moving mechanism 99 moves the printing unit 90 in the printing direction along the curved surface of the curved surface guide 410.
The moving mechanism 99 pressurizes the printing unit 90 downward to move the printing unit 90 while bringing the foot cam follower 802 in the foot 801 of the rotation control unit 80 of the printing unit 90 into contact with the curved surface guide 410.

** Curved surface guide 410 **
As shown in FIG. 33A, the curved surface guide 410 is a long plate having a constant thickness.
As shown in FIG. 33A, the concave guide 411 has a curved surface that is recessed downward with respect to a horizontal plane.
The curved surface guide 410 has a symmetrical structure.
The curved surface guide 410 has a mounting part 413 and an arcuate part 414.
The attachment portion 413 is a flat plate on both sides of the arc-shaped portion 414.
The attachment portion 413 is a fixing plate that is fixed to the guide fixing portion 420.
The arc-shaped portion 414 is an arc-shaped plate having a curved surface with the same radius as the work 49.
One mounting portion 413 has four screw holes 418 and one positioning hole 417.
The positioning hole 417 is formed at the center of the four screw holes 418.

** Fixing member 415 **
As shown in FIG. 33 (b), the fixing member 415 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a constant thickness.
The fixing member 415 is a part of the guide fixing portion 420.
The fixing member 415 is a member that is fixed to the upper surface of the attachment portion 413 at both ends of the curved surface guide 410, increases the strength of the attachment portion 413, and strengthens the fixation of the curved surface guide 410 to the guide fixing portion 420.
The fixing member 415 has four screw holes 419 and one depression 416.
The recess 416 is formed at the center of the four screw holes 418.

As shown in FIG. 33C, a fixing member 415 is fixed to the curved surface guide 410 with screws.
The fixing member 415 is fixed to the end portion of the mounting portion 413 with the recess 416 exposed by four screws inserted into the screw holes 418 and the screw holes 419.
The positioning hole 417 of the attachment portion 413 is covered with the fixing member 415.
Since the fixing member 415 is fixed to the mounting portion 413 and has a bilaterally symmetric structure, either end can be used on either side.

As shown in FIG. 33 (d), the convex guide 412 has a curved surface protruding upward with respect to the horizontal plane.
The convex guide 412 shown in FIG. 33 (d) is an inverted version of the concave guide 411. The concave guide 411 and the convex guide 412 have the same shape, and the same components are used as the concave guide 411 and the convex guide 412. Can be used.
As shown in (c) and (d) of FIG. 33, the total thickness of the fixing member 415 and the attachment portion 413 is T4.

** Screen version 970 **
As shown in FIG. 34, the screen plate 970 includes a concave screen plate 971 and a convex screen plate 972.
The screen plate 970 is obtained by stretching a screen 95 on a screen frame 96 in a flat shape.
The concave screen plate 971 includes a screen frame 96 and a concave screen 951.
The convex screen plate 972 includes a screen frame 96 and a convex screen 952.
The screen frame 96 is a metal frame-shaped plate frame.
The length of the screen frame 96 of the concave screen plate 971 and the length of the screen frame 96 of the convex screen plate 972 in the front-rear direction are different, but the length in the left-right direction is the same length L9.

** Screen 95 **
The screen 95 is a mesh screen.
The screen 95 is preferably made of a stretchable and flexible material. Specifically, Tetron (registered trademark) or other polyester or nylon is preferable.
The screen 95 is stretched with a tension on the screen frame 96 and has a flat surface.
The screen 95 can extend downward when pressure is applied vertically downward by the squeegee 92.
The screen 95 is formed with a printing pattern that takes into account the elongation during printing in advance.
The screen 95 is either one of the concave screen 951 having the print pattern P1 for the concave work 49 and the convex screen 952 having the print pattern P2 for the convex work 49.

** Screen 95 print pattern **
FIG. 34 shows a print pattern of the screen 95 when a rectangle is printed.
The print pattern P1 and the print pattern P2 shown in FIG. 34 are conceptual patterns for making the explanation easy to understand.

In order to print on a concave or convex surface using a screen 95 stretched on a flat surface, the downward extension of the screen changes depending on the printing position.
That is, the screen 95 extends in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction during printing, and the length extending in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction varies depending on the printing position.

* Print pattern P1 * for workpiece 49 with concave surface
FIG. 34A is a conceptual diagram of a concave screen 951 and a concave screen plate 971 having a printing pattern P1 for a workpiece 49 having a concave surface.
In order to make it easy to extend the concave screen 951 downward when printing the front and rear ends of the print pattern P1, the “half length L1 of the concave screen 951 in the front and rear direction” is “the length of the print pattern P1. It is longer than half length L2 "in the front-rear direction.
The “half length L1 of the length in the front-rear direction of the convex screen 952” is preferably less than 1.5 times the “half length L2 of the print pattern P2 in the front-rear direction”.
The “half length L2 in the front-rear direction of the printing pattern P1” is formed so that the printing result has a predetermined length. The “half length L2 in the front-rear direction of the print pattern P1” is the half length L2 in the front-rear direction of the print result because the concave screen 951 is extended in the front-rear direction during printing. Less than the length of
The print pattern P <b> 1 in FIG. 34 (a) has a wider left and right width as it is farther from the center line LC of the screen frame 96. That is, “the center left-right width L3 of the print pattern P1 <the edge left-right width L4 of the print pattern P1”.
When printing on the work 49 having a concave surface, the screen 95 extends the most at the center line LC of the screen frame 96, and therefore the distance from the center line LC of the screen frame 96 is such that the printing result in the front-rear direction becomes a straight line. Widen left and right.

* Print pattern P2 * for workpiece 49 having a convex surface
FIG. 34B is a conceptual diagram of a convex screen 952 and a convex screen plate 972 having a print pattern P2 for a workpiece 49 having a convex surface.
In order to facilitate the downward extension of the convex screen 952 when printing the front and rear ends of the print pattern P2, the “half length L5 of the length of the convex screen 952 in the front and rear direction” is “the length of the print pattern P2. It is longer than half length L6 "in the front-rear direction.
In the case of convex printing, the convex screen 952 must extend downward toward both ends in the front-rear direction of the printing pattern P2. Therefore, the “half length L5 of the length in the front-rear direction of the convex screen 952” is preferably 1.5 times or more, and preferably 2.0 times or more of the “half length L6 in the front-rear direction of the printing pattern P2.”
The “half length L6 in the front-rear direction of the print pattern P2” is formed so that the print result has a predetermined length. The “half length L6 in the front-rear direction of the print pattern P2” is the half of the front-rear length of the print result because the convex screen 952 is extended in the front-rear direction during printing. Less than the length of
The printing pattern P <b> 2 in FIG. 34B is narrower in the left and right widths as it is farther from the center line LC of the screen frame 96. That is, “the center left-right width L7 of the print pattern P2 <the edge left-right width L8 of the print pattern P2”.
When printing on the workpiece 49 having a convex surface, the screen 95 extends most at the end portion of the print pattern P2, and therefore the left and right as the distance from the center line LC of the screen frame 96 increases so that the printing result in the front-rear direction becomes a straight line. Narrow the width.

  A method of manufacturing the screen plate 970 with the printing pattern P1 and the printing pattern P2 is as follows.

<Production method 1>
The print pattern P1 or the print pattern P2 is obtained by calculation from the desired print pattern. A screen plate 970 with the printed pattern P1 or printed pattern P2 obtained by calculation is produced.

<Production method 2>
A. First, a screen plate 970 having a desired printing pattern is manufactured and actually printed.
B. The print pattern P1 or the print pattern is measured so that the length difference between the actual print result and the desired print result is eliminated by measuring the length of the actual print result of the screen plate 970 in the front-back direction and the left-right direction. P2 is determined.
C. The screen plate 970 with the print pattern P1 or the print pattern P2 is manufactured and actually printed.
D. Further, the length of the actual printing result of the screen plate 970 in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction is measured to determine whether or not the difference in length between the actual printing result and the desired printing result is within an allowable range. If the difference is unacceptable, a new print pattern P1 or print pattern P2 that eliminates the difference is determined. Then, the above C and D are repeated.

<Production method 3>
First, the screen plate 970 is manufactured by the manufacturing method 1 described above. Next, the production method 2 is performed using the screen plate 970 produced by the production method 1 to produce the screen plate 970.

*** Detailed configuration ***
35, 36, 37, and 38 are detailed configuration diagrams of the screen printing apparatus 100. FIG.
FIG. 35 is a detailed configuration diagram of the screen printing apparatus 100 to which the concave guide 411 is attached as in FIG.

** Guide fixing part 420 of concave guide 411 **
As shown in FIG. 35A, the distance between both ends of the arcuate portion 414 of the curved guide 410 and the screen 95 is T0.
The distance between the central lower end of the arcuate portion 414 of the curved guide 410 and the screen 95 is T1.
The distance between the screen 95 and the workpiece 49 is CL.

** One guide fixing part 420 **
As shown in FIG. 35D, one guide fixing portion 420 includes a side plate 421, a bottom plate 422, a top plate 423, and a fixing member 415.
The side plate 421 is a vertical wall plate fixed to the column frame 53.
The bottom plate 422 is a horizontal plate fixed to the lower portion of the side plate 421.
The bottom plate 422 is a plate on which the mounting portion 413 of the curved surface guide 410 is placed.
The top plate 423 is a horizontal plate fixed to the side plate 421.
The top plate 423 is a plate that covers the fixing member 415.
A ball plunger 424 is attached to the top plate 423.
At the lower end of the ball plunger 424, there is a ball 425 that can be moved up and down by a push spring built in the ball plunger 424.
The ball 425 is fitted into the recess 416 of the fixing member 415 with a pressing spring.

** Other guide fixing part 420 **
As shown in FIG. 35E, the other guide fixing portion 420 includes a side plate 421, a bottom plate 422, a top plate 423, and a fixing member 415 similarly to the one guide fixing portion 420.
The bottom plate 422 has a hole for press-fitting the positioning pin 429, and the positioning pin 429 is press-fitted and fixed to the bottom plate 422.
The positioning pin 429 is inserted into the positioning hole 417 of the mounting portion 413 to position the curved surface guide 410.
A toggle clamp 426 is attached to the top plate 423.
The toggle clamp 426 includes a lever 427 and a clamp part 428.
The clamp part 428 moves up and down by the rotation of the toggle clamp 426.
The clamp part 428 presses the surface of the fixing member 415.
The curved guide 410 and the fixing member 415 are positioned by the positioning pin 429 and the positioning hole 417 and are sandwiched between the bottom plate 422 and the toggle clamp 426.

In one guide fixing portion 420, the bottom plate 422 is not provided with the positioning pin 429, and the positioning hole 417 of the attachment portion 413 is not used.
The recess 416 of the fixing member 415 is not used in the other guide fixing portion 420.

** Guide fixing part 420 of convex guide 412 **
FIG. 36 is a detailed configuration diagram of the screen printing apparatus 100 to which the convex guide 412 is attached as in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 36A, the distance between the center upper end of the arcuate portion 414 of the curved guide 410 and the screen 95 is T0.
The distance between both ends of the arcuate portion 414 of the curved guide 410 and the screen 95 is T1.
The distance between the screen 95 and the workpiece 49 is CL.

** Guide fixing part 420 **
As shown in FIGS. 36D and 36E, the structure of the guide fixing portion 420 is the same as that of the guide fixing portion 420 shown in FIG.
The difference is that the longitudinal length of the side plate 421 in FIG. 36 is longer than the longitudinal length of the side plate 421 in FIG.
36 is longer than the vertical length of the side plate 421 in FIG. 35, the mounting height of the curved guide 410 in FIG. 36 is lower than the mounting height in FIG.
As a result, in both cases of concave printing and convex printing, the distance from the screen 95 of the arcuate portion 414 between the concave guide 411 and the convex guide 412 is within the range of T0 to T1.

** Rotation control unit 80 **
As shown in FIG. 37, the rotation control unit 80 includes a foot 801 and a foot cam follower 802.
The foot 801 shown in FIG. 37 is formed in a U shape in a side view, and the foot cam follower 802 is disposed at a high position.
The foot portion 801 has a configuration in which a foot cam follower 802 is disposed outside the holding portion 40.
The foot portion 801 includes a leg portion 803, a bottom portion 804, a return portion 805, and a protruding portion 806.
The leg portion 803 is a vertical plate extending downward from the lower portion of the holding portion 40.
The bottom portion 804 is a horizontal plate fixed to the lower portion of the leg portion 803.
The return portion 805 is a vertical plate extending upward from the bottom portion 804.
The protruding portion 806 is a horizontal portion fixed to the return portion 805.
The protrusion 806 is attached to the foot cam follower 802 so as to be rotatable.
The bottom part 804 and the return part 805 may be constituted by separate plate-like parts, or may be constituted by one L-shaped part.
By increasing the lateral length of the bottom portion 804 or the protruding portion 806, the lateral width of the foot cam follower 802 in the lateral direction can be changed.
By increasing the vertical length of the return portion 805, the height position of the foot cam follower 802 can be changed.

* * * Arrangement of curved surface guide 410 and guide fixing part 420 * * *
As shown in FIG. 37, the curved surface guide 410 is disposed below the foot cam follower 802 and above the screen 95.
The distance between the left and right directions of the two curved guides 410 is the same as or slightly smaller than the length between the left and right directions of the screen frame 96, that is, the length of the screen 95 in the left and right direction.
As shown in FIG. 38, the length of the curved surface guide 410 in the front-rear direction and the length of the screen frame 96 in the front-rear direction are the same or substantially the same.
Accordingly, the space area between the two curved guides 410 is the same as or substantially the same as the area of the screen 95, and the printing area is not limited by the two curved guides 410.

*** Explanation of operation ***
A screen printing method of the screen printing apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG.

Step S31: Curved surface jig fixing step The lower shape and the mounting structure of the concave surface jig 471 and the convex surface jig 472 are formed in the same manner.
Since the lower shape and the mounting structure of the concave jig 471 and the convex jig 472 are the same, the jig fixing portion 460 can be fixed by either the convex jig 472 or the concave jig 471.

<When screen printing is performed on a work 49 having a concave surface>
A concave jig 471 having a concave surface is fixed to a jig fixing portion 460 that can fix a curved jig 47 having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface.
The concave jig 471 is fixed to the table 61 by a jig fixing part 460.

<When screen printing is performed on a workpiece 49 having a convex surface>
A convex jig 472 having a convex surface is fixed to a jig fixing portion 460 that can fix a curved jig 47 having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface.
The convex jig 472 is fixed to the table 61 by a jig fixing portion 460.

Step S32: Screen Frame Fixing Step The concave screen frame 961 and the convex screen frame 962 are formed in the same frame shape.
If the frame shapes of the concave screen frame 961 and the convex screen frame 962 are the same, the frame fixing portion 440 can fix either the concave screen 951 or the convex screen 952.
In the case where only the left and right frames are fixed without fixing the frames with the frame fixing portion 440 in the front and rear, the left and right lengths of the concave screen frame 961 and the convex screen frame 962 may be the same.
In the case where only the left and right frames are fixed without fixing the front and rear frames with the frame fixing portion 440, the length of the concave screen frame 961 and the convex screen frame 962 may be different in the front-rear direction.

<When screen printing is performed on a work 49 having a concave surface>
A concave screen frame 961 having a concave screen 951 having a print pattern P1 corresponding to the concave surface is fixed to the frame fixing portion 440.

<When screen printing is performed on a workpiece 49 having a convex surface>
A convex screen frame 962 having a convex screen 952 having a print pattern P2 corresponding to the convex surface is fixed to the frame fixing portion 440.

Step S33: Curved surface guide fixing step The fixing member 415 is fixed to the attachment portions 413 on both sides of the curved surface guide 410.

<When screen printing is performed on a work 49 having a concave surface>
A concave guide 411 to which a fixing member 415 is fixed is fixed to a guide fixing portion 420 that can fix a curved guide having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface.

* Detailed fixing method for concave guide 411 *
First, the mounting portion 413 to which the fixing member 415 is fixed is inserted from the side toward the side plate 421 between the bottom plate 422 and the top plate 423 of the guide fixing portion 420 shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 35, the distance T9 between the bottom plate 422 and the top plate 423 of the guide fixing portion 420 is larger than the total thickness T4 of the fixing member 415 and the mounting portion 413.
Since the distance between the bottom plate 422 of the guide fixing portion 420 and the ball 425 of the ball plunger 424 is smaller than the total thickness T4 of the fixing member 415 and the mounting portion 413, the ball 425 of the ball plunger 424 moves backward.
While the ball 425 of the ball plunger 424 is retracted, the position of the concave guide 411 is adjusted so that the recess 416 of the fixing member 415 becomes the position of the ball 425.
When the position of the recess 416 of the fixing member 415 and the position of the ball 425 coincide with each other, the ball 425 is returned by the push spring and fitted into the recess 416, and one end of the concave guide 411 is positioned.
Next, the position of the positioning pin 429 on the bottom plate 422 is aligned with the position of the positioning hole 417 by inserting the guide pin 420 on the right side shown in FIG. 35, and the positioning pin 429 on the bottom plate 422 is inserted into the positioning hole 417. To do.
Then, the lever 427 of the toggle clamp 426 is rotated to press the clamp portion 428 against the upper surface of the fixing member 415, and the positioning of the other end of the concave guide 411 is completed.

<When screen printing is performed on a workpiece 49 having a convex surface>
The convex guide 412 to which the fixing member 415 is fixed is fixed to a guide fixing portion 420 that can fix a curved surface guide having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface.
The method for fixing the convex guide 412 is the same as the method for fixing the concave guide 411.

  In addition, it is not necessary to perform the process of step S31, 32, 33 mentioned above in order of step S31, 32, 33, The order which performs the process of step S31, 32, 33 is arbitrary.

  Step S34: Work carry-in process

<When screen printing is performed on a work 49 having a concave surface>
The control unit 110 places the work 49 having a concave surface on the concave jig 471 by the carry-in / out mechanism 60.

<When screen printing is performed on a workpiece 49 having a convex surface>
The control unit 110 places the workpiece 49 having a convex surface on the convex jig 472 by the carry-in / out mechanism 60.

Step S35: Printing Step As shown in FIGS. 40 and 41, the control unit 110 causes the moving mechanism 99 to move the printing unit 90 holding the squeegee 92 along the curved surface of the concave guide 411 or the convex guide 412.
As shown in FIG. 40, in the case of concave printing, since the squeegee 92 is the lowest at the center portion, the screen 95 has a large elongation, and at the end portion, the screen 95 has a small elongation.
As shown in FIG. 41, in the case of convex printing, the elongation of the screen 95 is small at the center portion, and the squeegee 92 is the lowest at the end portion, so the elongation of the screen 95 is large.
The operation of the printing process of the control unit 110 is the same as the printing operation shown in FIG.
The operation of the printing process of the control unit 110 is the same when screen printing is performed on the workpiece 49 having a convex surface and when screen printing is performed on the workpiece 49 having a concave surface.

FIG. 42 is a detailed view when the printing mechanism 90 is moved along the curved surface of the concave guide 411 by the moving mechanism 99.
The controller 110 coats ink on the surface of the screen 95 with a scraper 310 shown in FIG. 42 before printing.
Since the ink coating by the scraper 310 may be performed on the flat screen 95, the scraper 310 moves horizontally in the coating direction.

Step S36: Workpiece unloading step <When screen printing is performed on the work 49 having a concave surface>
The control unit 110 carries out the work 49 having a concave surface from the concave jig 471 to the outside by the carry-in / out mechanism 60.

<When screen printing is performed on a workpiece 49 having a convex surface>
The control unit 110 carries out the workpiece 49 having a convex surface from the convex jig 472 to the outside by the carry-in / out mechanism 60.

*** Effect of Embodiment 5 ***
According to this embodiment, screen printing can be performed on a convex or concave workpiece.
According to this embodiment, since the mounting portions 413 of the concave guide 411 and the convex guide 412 have the same shape, the guide fixing portion 420 fixes either the concave guide 411 or the convex guide 412. Can do.
According to this embodiment, since the length of the screen frame 96 in the left-right direction is the same, the frame fixing portion 440 can be fixed to either the concave screen plate 971 or the convex screen plate 972.
According to this embodiment, since the mounting structure of the concave jig 471 and the convex jig 472 is the same, the jig fixing portion 460 can be fixed by either the concave jig 471 or the convex jig 472. .

*** Other components ***
** Configuration for fixing the guide fixing portion 420 to the screen frame 96 **
FIG. 43 shows a configuration in which the guide fixing portion 420 is provided on the screen frame 96 and the concave guide 411 is fixed to the screen frame 96.
44, 45, and 46 are detailed views of a configuration in which the guide fixing portion 420 is provided on the screen frame 96 and the concave guide 411 is fixed to the screen frame 96. FIG.
The guide fixing part 420 has four toggle clamps 426 fixed to the front and rear frames of the screen frame 96.
The two guide fixing portions 420 are arranged in parallel inside the left and right frames of the screen frame 96.
The attachment portion 413 of the guide fixing portion 420 is sandwiched between the upper surface of the screen frame 96 and the clamp portion 428.
In FIG. 43, the height of the arc-shaped portion 414 of the side plate 421 is the same as the height of the screen frame 96.
43 shows a state in which the lowermost center of the side plate 421 is in contact with the screen 95, but the lowermost center of the side plate 421 may not be in contact with the screen 95. Further, the lowermost center of the side plate 421 may be in a state where the screen 95 is pushed downward.

** Configuration for fixing convex guide 412 to screen frame 96 **
FIG. 47 shows a case where the convex guide 412 is fixed to the screen frame 96 instead of the concave guide 411.
47A shows a case where the convex guide 412 in which the concave guide 411 shown in FIG. 44 is turned upside down is fixed to the screen frame 96. FIG.
FIG. 47B shows a case where the convex guide 412 obtained by bending the attachment portion 413 by 90 degrees at two locations K1 and K2 is fixed to the screen frame 96. FIG.
In the case of FIG. 46B, the height of the arc-shaped portion 414 of the convex guide 412 is the same as the height of the screen frame 96, as in the case of FIG.
The configuration shown in FIG. 47B is preferable because the arrangement height of the concave guide 411 and the convex guide 412 is the same.

** Configuration for fixing curved surface guide 410 to curved surface jig 47 **
As shown in FIG. 48, the curved surface guide 410 may be fixed to the curved surface jig 47.
A curved surface jig 47 shown in FIG. 48 is a convex surface jig 472 having a pedestal 477 and a curved surface plate 478.
The base 477 is fixed to the table 61 or the base 51 by a jig fixing portion 460.
The curved plate 478 is fixed on the pedestal 477.
The curved plate 478 is an arc-shaped thin metal plate that is rectangular in a plan view but has a constant thickness in a side view.
The curved plate 478 has the same curved surface or curved surface as the workpiece 49.

Two curved surface guides 410 are fixed to both sides of the curved surface jig 47 via a plurality of brackets 476 serving as guide fixing portions 420.
The curved surface guide 410 is a convex surface guide 412 having a curved surface with the same radius as the upper surface of the curved surface jig 47.
The bracket 476 is an L-shaped metal member composed of a short arm and a long arm.
The bracket 476 has the curved guide 410 fixed to the end surface of the short arm, and the back surface of the curved jig 47 fixed to the upper surface of the long arm.
The curved surface jig 47 is a thin plate made of aluminum, plastic, or the like, and the curved surface guide 410 and the bracket 476 are metals made of a material harder than the curved surface jig 47, such as iron or stainless steel.

Although not shown, the concave guide 411 may be fixed to a concave jig 471 having a curved surface plate 478 as a concave surface using a bracket 476 serving as a guide fixing portion 420.
If the mounting structure of the concave jig 471 and the convex jig 472 is the same, and the mounting structure of the curved surface plate 478 of the convex surface and the concave surface is the same, the structure of the bracket 476 serving as the guide fixing portion 420 is the same. .

** Other examples of fixing member 415 **
FIG. 49A shows a case where the thickness T2 of the curved guide 410 is increased and the thickness T3 of the fixing member 415 is decreased.
When the distance T9 between the bottom plate 422 and the top plate 423 of the guide fixing portion 420 is fixed and the thickness T2 of the curved guide 410 is increased, the thickness T3 of the fixing member 415 is decreased to reduce the curved surface. The total thickness T4 of the guide 410 and the fixing member 415 is made constant.
The total thickness T4 is slightly smaller than the distance T9 between the bottom plate 422 and the top plate 423 of the guide fixing portion 420.
The fixing member 415 has a function of reinforcing the strength of the curved surface guide 410 and a function of adjusting the thickness of the curved surface guide 410 in the guide fixing portion 420.

49B and 49C show a case where the fixing member 415 is fixed to the lower surface of the attachment portion 413 of the concave guide 411. FIG.
Since the distance between the guide fixing portion 420 and the frame fixing portion 440 is constant, the distance T5 between the upper surface of the bottom plate 422 and the screen 95 is constant.
Even if the radius of the arc-shaped portion 414 is different, even if the distance T5 is constant by changing the thickness of the fixing member 415, by changing the thickness of the fixing member 415, the central lower end of the arc-shaped portion 414 and the screen The distance T1 to 95 can be made constant.

** Other variations ***
The structure of the curved surface guide 410 may not be symmetrical in the front-rear direction, and the positioning hole 417 may not be provided in one mounting portion 413 of the curved surface guide 410.
When the curved guide 410 can be fixed to the guide fixing portion 420 alone, the fixing member 415 is not necessary.
The two fixing members 415 may not have the same shape, and the recess 416 may not be provided in one attachment portion 413.
The fixing member 415 may be provided on both sides of the upper surface and the lower surface of the mounting portion 413 of the curved surface guide 410.
The fixing member 415 may be provided only on one side of the two attachment portions 413 of the curved surface guide 410.

The configuration of the guide fixing portion 420 may be the same at both ends of the curved surface guide 410. Specifically, the guide fixing portions 420 shown in FIG. 35D may be provided on both sides of the curved surface guide 410. Or the guide fixing | fixed part 420 shown to (e) of FIG.
When the convex guide 412 bent at two places on the mounting portion 413 shown in FIG. 47B is used for the guide fixing portion 420 in FIG. 36, the side plate 421 of the guide fixing portion 420 in FIG. The vertically long side plates 421 of the guide fixing portion 420 may be the same.

The curved surface guide 410 may have not only one concave surface or one convex surface but also a plurality of concave and convex surfaces. Further, a plane other than the uneven surface may exist. Further, the plurality of uneven surfaces may have different radii.
The concave guide 411 only needs to have a concave surface at least partially.
The convex guide 412 may have a convex surface at least in part.

The guide fixing part 420 or the frame fixing part 440 may be attached to be movable up and down in order to change the distance between the guide fixing part 420 and the frame fixing part 440.
The guide fixing part 420 or the frame fixing part 440 may be fixed to the base 51 or the beam frame 54 instead of the column frame 53.
The guide fixing part 420 or the frame fixing part 440 may be fixed to any one of the housings 50.
The guide fixing part 420 or the frame fixing part 440 may be fixed to the table 61.
The guide fixing part 420 or the frame fixing part 440 may be moved laterally instead of the table 61.
The table 61 may not move laterally.

*** Supplement to the embodiment ***
The function of the control unit 110 may be realized by a combination of software and hardware. That is, a part of the control unit 110 may be realized by software, and the rest of the control unit 110 may be realized by hardware.

The embodiments are exemplifications of preferred forms and are not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention. The embodiment may be implemented partially or in combination with other embodiments. Moreover, you may combine embodiment mentioned above.
The procedure described using the flowchart and the like is an example of the procedure of the method or program according to the present invention.

  40 holding part, 41 squeegee mounting part, 42 guide rail, 43 bracket, 44 slide cam follower, 45 projecting part, 47 curved surface jig, 49 workpiece, 50 housing, 51 base, 53 column frame, 54 beam frame, 55 support cylinder , 56 Support pin, 60 Carry-in / out mechanism, 61 Table, 62 Support pillar, 64 Robo cylinder, 70 Restriction part, 71 Side plate, 72 Guide roller, 73 Guide cam follower, 77 Holding part, 80 Rotation control part, 81 Linear guide, 82 Moving block, 83 nut, 84 ball screw, 85 groove block, 86 slide groove, 87 drive motor, 88 fixed plate, 89 pulley belt mechanism, 90 printing section, 91 slide section, 92 squeegee, 93 upper and lower cylinder, 94 upper and lower base plate, 95 screens, 96 screens Lean frame, 97 ROBO cylinder, 98 arm, 99 moving mechanism, 100 screen printing device, 110 control unit, 111 signal line, 112 rail, C tip, L vertical line, 210 back plate, 211 horizontal plate, 212 pin, 213 Spring, 221 Printing pressure cylinder, 290 Upper and lower plates, 291 Restriction hole, 310 Scraper, 320 Scraper cylinder, 410 Curved guide, 411 Concave guide, 412 Convex guide, 413 Mounting part, 414 Arc part, 415 Fixing member, 416 Recess, 417 Positioning hole, 418 screw hole, 419 screw hole, 420 guide fixing part, 421 side plate, 422 bottom plate, 423 top plate, 424 ball plunger, 425 ball, 426 toggle clamp, 427 lever, 428 clamp part, 429 positioning pin, 440 frame Fixing part, 460 Jig fixing part, 471 Concave jig, 472 Convex jig, 476 Bracket, 477 base, 478 Curved plate, 801 Leg part, 802 Leg cam follower, 803 Leg part, 804 Bottom part, 805 Return part, 806 Projection Part, 951 Concave screen, 952 Convex screen, 961 Concave screen frame, 962 Convex screen frame, 970 screen plate, 971 Concave screen plate, 972 Convex screen plate.

Claims (11)

In a screen printing apparatus that performs screen printing using a screen for a workpiece having a curved surface,
A guide fixing part for detachably fixing the curved surface guide;
A printing unit that holds a squeegee and presses the screen toward the workpiece by the squeegee;
A moving mechanism for moving the printing unit along the curved surface of the curved surface guide;
Screen printing device with   2. The screen printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide fixing unit detachably fixes any one of a curved guide having a convex surface and a concave guide having a concave surface.   The screen printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide fixing unit fixes two curved guides having the same curved surface on both sides of the printing unit. The printing unit includes a rotation control unit that moves the curved surface of the curved surface guide and maintains a constant attack angle of the squeegee with respect to the curved surface of the workpiece,
4. The screen printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotation control unit includes a foot part that moves on a curved surface of the curved surface guide and two foot cam followers attached to the foot part. 5. The guide fixing portion fixes the curved surface guide above the screen,
The screen printing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the moving mechanism moves the printing unit while bringing the foot cam follower attached to the foot of the rotation control unit of the printing unit into contact with the curved surface guide. It has a frame fixing part that fixes the screen frame with the screen
The screen printing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the screen is one of a screen having a printing pattern for a workpiece having a convex surface and a screen having a printing pattern for a workpiece having a concave surface. apparatus. It has a jig fixing part that fixes the curved jig that holds the workpiece,
The screen according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the jig fixing portion detachably fixes any one of a curved jig having a convex surface having a convex surface and a concave surface jig having a concave surface. Printing device. In a screen printing method for performing screen printing on a workpiece having a convex surface,
A convex jig having a convex surface is fixed to a jig fixing portion capable of fixing a curved jig having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface,
Fix the screen frame with the screen to the frame fixing part,
A convex guide is fixed to a guide fixing portion that can fix a curved guide having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface,
A screen printing method in which a printing unit holding a squeegee is moved along a curved surface of the convex guide by a moving mechanism.   The screen printing method according to claim 8, wherein a screen frame having a screen having a print pattern corresponding to a convex surface is fixed to the frame fixing portion. In a screen printing method for performing screen printing on a workpiece having a concave surface,
A concave jig having a concave surface is fixed to a jig fixing portion capable of fixing a curved jig having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface,
Fix the screen frame with the screen to the frame fixing part,
A concave guide is fixed to a guide fixing portion capable of fixing a curved guide having a curved surface of either a convex surface or a concave surface,
A screen printing method in which a printing unit holding a squeegee is moved along a curved surface of the concave guide by a moving mechanism.   The screen printing method according to claim 10, wherein a screen frame having a screen having a print pattern corresponding to a concave surface is fixed to the frame fixing portion.

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