JP2019022381A - Micro grid interconnection system, micro grid interconnection control method, and control program - Google Patents

Abstract

To stabilize system operation by implementing improvement of energy utilization efficiency and stable supply for power demand and hydrogen demand by utilizing surplus power of a natural energy power generation device without leaving any residual power.SOLUTION: Each micro grid 20 includes a local monitoring control device 160 including an energy calculation unit 163 for calculating surplus amounts/shortage amounts of power and hydrogen with respect to power demand and hydrogen demand in the micro grid 20. A central monitoring control device 40 outputs a transfer instruction to make surplus amounts of power and hydrogen in any micro grid 20 calculated by a local monitoring control device 160 be transferred to another micro grid 20. On the basis of the transfer instruction, an energy transfer mechanism 30 makes energy of the surplus amounts of power and hydrogen be transferred between micro grids 20a and 20b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention provide a microgrid interconnection system having a plurality of microgrids including a water electrolysis apparatus, a hydrogen storage tank, a natural energy power generation apparatus, and a fuel cell, and a system for controlling the system in conjunction with each other. The present invention relates to a microgrid interconnection control method and a microgrid interconnection control program.

  In remote islands and mountainous areas, it is difficult to connect to the main grid, and power transmission from large-scale power plants may not be possible. Therefore, in these regions, a microgrid using a natural energy power generation device such as wind power generation or solar power generation as a main power source has been proposed. However, the natural energy power generation apparatus has a problem that the amount of power generation depends on natural conditions.

  Therefore, in the microgrid, not only a natural energy power generation device but also a water electrolysis device for hydrogen generation, a hydrogen storage tank, and a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen are combined. For example, it is assumed that the amount of power generated by the natural energy device is small in a certain time zone and power shortage is predicted in the microgrid.

  In this case, by supplying the hydrogen stored in the tank to the fuel cell, the fuel cell is generated, and the generated power is supplied to the power demand. In other words, in the microgrid, the fuel cell serves as an auxiliary power source when the power demand cannot be covered only by the power generated by the natural energy generator. This makes it possible to avoid power shortage in the microgrid.

  In addition, if the amount of power generated by the natural energy power generation device exceeds the power demand in another time zone, the water electrolysis device uses the surplus generated power (this is called surplus power). Produce hydrogen. The generated hydrogen is stored in a tank to prepare for supply to the fuel cell. According to such a microgrid, the power supply is stabilized even when the natural energy power generation device is used as a main power source by converting the power energy into hydrogen energy by effectively using surplus power and storing it as hydrogen. .

JP 2008-11614 A JP 2003-257443 A

  In the microgrid, even if hydrogen is generated by the water electrolysis apparatus using surplus power, if the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is small, the tank will be filled with hydrogen immediately. Therefore, a part of the surplus power of the natural energy power generation apparatus must be discarded without using the surplus power for hydrogen generation. That is, when the microgrid is operated, if the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is small, energy waste is likely to occur, and energy use efficiency is reduced.

  In addition, if the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is small, the amount of hydrogen supplied from the tank to the fuel cell is also small. Therefore, the power generation amount of the fuel cell is small in proportion to the hydrogen supply amount. As a result, when the amount of power shortage in the microgrid is large, the amount of power generated by the fuel cell cannot be covered, and supply to the power demand may stop. More recently, it has been considered to incorporate hydrogen demand such as fuel cell vehicles into the microgrid. However, if the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is small, there is a possibility that supply to the hydrogen demand will stop.

  As described above, in the conventional microgrid, there is a possibility that the energy use efficiency may be reduced and the supply to the electric power demand and the hydrogen demand may be stopped, resulting in unstable system operation. Therefore, it is conceivable to increase the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank in the microgrid. However, since microgrids are often applied to isolated islands and mountainous areas, it is difficult to secure a site area and it is difficult to increase the amount of hydrogen stored in units of microgrids.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been proposed in response to the above situation, constructing a system in which a plurality of microgrids are connected, and controlling the microgrids in an integrated manner to transfer energy between the microgrids. By utilizing the surplus power of natural energy power generation equipment without surplus, it is an issue to improve the efficiency of energy use, realize stable energy supply to power demand and hydrogen demand, and stabilize system operation. To do.

In order to solve the above problems, the present embodiment
(1) A natural energy power generation device that generates electric power using natural energy.
(2) A water electrolysis device that generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water using the electric power generated by the natural energy power generation device.
(3) A hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis apparatus.
(4) A fuel cell that generates electric power by a chemical reaction between hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank and oxygen in the air.
(5) Electricity demand for consuming electricity.
(6) Hydrogen demand for consuming hydrogen.
A microgrid interconnection system provided with a plurality of microgrids having the following components (7) to (9).
(7) A local monitoring and control device for obtaining an excess of electric power and hydrogen that cannot be used in each microgrid in an arbitrary time zone.
(8) A center that collects the excess data of each microgrid from the local monitoring and control device and outputs an accommodation command for accommodating the excess energy of each microgrid to another microgrid Supervisory control device.
(9) An energy interchange mechanism for accommodating the excess energy between the microgrids based on the interchange command.
Each form in the above-mentioned microgrid interconnection system can also be regarded as an invention of a microgrid interconnection control method in which processing of each part is executed by a computer, and further, a microgrid that causes a computer to execute processing of each part. It can also be understood as an invention of an interconnection control program.

The block diagram which shows the structure of 1st Embodiment. The block diagram which shows the structure of each microgrid of 1st Embodiment. The block diagram which shows the structure of other embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
(Constitution)
1 and 2 are block diagrams showing the configuration of the first embodiment. As shown in the figure, the microgrid interconnection system 10 according to the first embodiment includes a plurality of microgrids 20 (shown as two microgrids 20a and 20b in FIG. 1) having similar components, and a local The monitoring control device 160, the energy accommodation mechanism 30, and the central monitoring control device 40 are configured. The local monitoring and control device 160, the energy accommodation mechanism 30, and the central monitoring and control device 40 are configured by a computer that includes a CPU, a memory, and the like and operates according to a predetermined program.

  In FIG. 1, each component on the microgrid 20 a side is displayed with “a” after the symbol, and each component on the microgrid 20 b side is displayed with “b” after the symbol. For simplification of description, the first embodiment shows a microgrid interconnection system in which two microgrids 20 are connected, but a system in which three or more microgrids 20 are connected may be used. . The arrangement point of the microgrid 20 is appropriately selected in consideration of geographical conditions and the like. Further, the microgrid 20 may be connected to a commercial power source.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of each microgrid 20 in the microgrid interconnection system 10 of FIG. In the arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2, the thick line indicates the flow of power energy in the system, the dotted line indicates the flow of hydrogen energy in the system, and the thin line indicates the flow of data such as system data and commands of the microgrid 20 included in the system. Show.

(Components of microgrid)
As shown in FIG. 2, the microgrid 20 includes a natural energy power generation device 110, an AC / DC converter 121, a water electrolysis device 122, a hydrogen storage tank 123, a hydrogen supply device 124, and a fuel cell 131. The DC / AC converter 132, the AC / DC converter 141, and the storage battery 142 are sequentially connected.

  The natural energy power generation device 110 includes a natural energy generator 111 and a DC / AC converter 112. The natural energy generator 111 generates direct-current power using energy existing in the natural world such as solar power generation, wind power generation, and hydroelectric power generation. The DC / AC converter 112 converts the converted direct-current power into alternating current. This is converted into electric power and supplied to the electric power demand 151.

  The water electrolysis apparatus 122 electrolyzes water using the electric power generated by the natural energy power generation apparatus 101 to generate hydrogen. The water electrolysis device 122 receives power according to the input power command from the local monitoring control device 160 via the AC / DC converter 121 and generates hydrogen according to the input power.

  The hydrogen storage tank 123 is a tank that stores hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis device 122. The hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123 is sent to the hydrogen demand 152 via the hydrogen supply device 124 or used for power generation of the fuel cell 131. A pipeline 52 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 123 (see also FIG. 1).

  The fuel cell 131 is a device that generates electric power through a chemical reaction between hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123 and oxygen in the air. The AC / DC converter 141 has a function of generating a system frequency and voltage. The storage battery 142 is charged and discharged in order to suppress short-term fluctuations in the generated power of the natural energy power generation apparatus 110.

  A power demand 151 and a hydrogen demand 152 are set in the microgrid 20. The electric power demand 151 is supplied with electric power from the natural energy power generation device 110 or the fuel cell 131, and is consumed. The hydrogen demand 152 is supplied with hydrogen from a hydrogen supply device 124 connected to the hydrogen storage tank 123. In the hydrogen demand 152, the given hydrogen is consumed. The hydrogen demand 152 is assumed, for example, to supply hydrogen to fuel cell vehicles that have become popular in recent years.

(Local monitoring and control device)
The local monitoring control device 160 is installed in each microgrid 20. The local monitoring and control device 160 uses the power generation amount of the natural energy power generation device 110, the hydrogen generation amount of the water electrolysis device 122, the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage tank 123, and the charging of the fuel cell 131 as the system data of the microgrid 20. The quantity and the electric power demand 151 and the hydrogen demand 152 are taken in.

  The local supervisory control device 160 is configured to send the system data of the microgrid 20 to the central supervisory control device 40. The local monitoring control device 160 is a processing unit that obtains an excess of electric power and hydrogen that cannot be used in each microgrid 20 in an arbitrary time zone, and an insufficient electric power and hydrogen shortage in each microgrid 20 (local monitoring). Control processing).

  The local monitoring control device 160 includes a local monitoring unit 161, a local control unit 162, and an energy calculation unit 163. The local monitoring unit 161 is a part that monitors the supply and demand balance regarding power and hydrogen in the microgrid 20. The local monitoring unit 161 monitors the hydrogen storage state in the hydrogen storage tank 123.

  The local control unit 162 is a part that outputs a local control command to the water electrolysis device 122 and the fuel cell 131 based on the monitoring result of the local monitoring unit 161. The local control unit 162 gives an input power command to the water electrolysis device 122 or gives an output power command to the fuel cell 131 as a local control command. The water electrolysis device 122 and the fuel cell 131 to which a local control command is transmitted from the local control unit 162 are controlled devices in the microgrid 20.

  Based on the monitoring result of the local monitoring unit 161, the energy calculation unit 163 obtains surplus power, surplus hydrogen, power, and excess hydrogen in each microgrid 20 in an arbitrary time zone. Among these, surplus power is power obtained by subtracting the power consumption of the power demand 151 from the power generated by the natural energy power generator 110. The surplus hydrogen is the amount of hydrogen obtained by subtracting the consumed hydrogen of the hydrogen demand 152 from the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123.

  The excess power in each microgrid 20 means that the power generated by the natural energy generator 110 cannot be consumed or used in each microgrid 20 in a certain time zone, and cannot be used by the microgrid 20 alone. That's it. Such an excess of power can be obtained by subtracting the power consumed in the power demand 151 and the hydrogen generation power supplied to the water electrolysis device 122 from the power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110.

  That is, (excess amount of power) = (generated power) − (power consumption + hydrogen generating power). The power for generating hydrogen is power used in the water electrolysis device 122. Moreover, since the power obtained by subtracting the power consumption of the power demand 151 from the power generated by the natural energy power generation apparatus 110 is surplus power, it can also be regarded as (power surplus) = (surplus power) − (hydrogen generation power). You can also.

  Therefore, if (surplus power) <(power for hydrogen generation), that is, if all the surplus power can be used for hydrogen generation in the water electrolysis apparatus 122, the microgrid 20 alone will not generate excess power. become. As described above, the local monitoring and control device 160 monitors the supply and demand balance of power, and the power that cannot be consumed by the power demand 151 of each microgrid 20 and cannot be used by the water electrolysis device 122 is excessive power. Asking.

  The excess amount of hydrogen obtained by the energy calculation unit 163 is the amount of hydrogen that cannot be consumed, stored, or used in each microgrid 20 in a certain time period and cannot be used by the microgrid 20 alone. Such an excess of hydrogen is calculated from the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123, the consumed hydrogen in the hydrogen demand 152, the tank free capacity in the hydrogen storage tank 123, and the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell 131. It is calculated by subtracting.

  That is, (excess amount of hydrogen) = (hydrogen storage amount) − (hydrogen consumption + tank free capacity + hydrogen for power generation). The tank free capacity in the hydrogen storage tank 123 is the amount of hydrogen that can be stored until the hydrogen storage tank 123 becomes full in a certain time zone. The power generation hydrogen is hydrogen used for power generation in the fuel cell 131. Further, since the hydrogen amount obtained by subtracting the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen demand 152 from the hydrogen storage amount in the hydrogen storage tank 123 is surplus hydrogen, (hydrogen surplus) = (surplus hydrogen) − (tank free capacity + for power generation) Hydrogen).

  Therefore, if (surplus hydrogen) <(vacant capacity of the tank + hydrogen for power generation), that is, it is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123 or used for power generation in the fuel cell 131 to use up the surplus hydrogen. If this is the case, an excess of hydrogen will not be generated by the microgrid 20 alone. As described above, the local monitoring and control device 160 monitors the supply and demand balance of hydrogen, cannot be consumed by the hydrogen demand 152 of each microgrid 20, cannot be stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123, and can be stored in the fuel cell 131. The unusable hydrogen is determined as the excess of hydrogen.

  In addition, the local monitoring and control device 160 monitors the power supply-demand balance, and determines the power that is generated by the natural energy power generation device 110 that is less than the power consumption of the power demand 151 as the power shortage. The shortage of power is the amount of power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110 that is insufficient for the power consumption of the power demand 151.

  Further, the shortage of hydrogen in each microgrid 20 calculated by the energy calculation unit 163 is the amount of hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis device 122 and the amount of hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123 as the hydrogen demand 152. The amount of hydrogen is less than the amount of hydrogen consumed.

(Central monitoring and control device)
The central supervisory controller 40 collects data on the power excess and hydrogen excess of each microgrid 20 from the local supervisory controller 160 to allow the excess energy to be accommodated in another microgrid 20. Is output (central monitoring control process).

  The accommodation command is a command for accommodating power or hydrogen that is excessive in each microgrid 20 based on the supply and demand balance of the microgrid 20 to another microgrid 20. The interchange command includes a hydrogen interchange command for accommodating hydrogen between the microgrids 20a and 20b and a power interchange command for accommodating power between the microgrids 20a and 20b.

  Further, the central supervisory control device 40 collects data on the power shortage and hydrogen shortage of each microgrid 20 and the tank free capacity of each microgrid 20 from the local supervisory control device 160, and the microgrid having the excess The interchange command is output to another microgrid 20 having a shortage from 20 so that the shortage is compensated and the excess energy is accommodated up to the power or hydrogen corresponding to the tank free capacity.

(Energy interchange mechanism)
As shown in FIG. 1, the energy accommodation mechanism 30 is provided with a pipeline 52 that allows hydrogen to flow bidirectionally between the microgrids 20 a and 20 b and a DC interconnection 60. Among these, a bidirectional hydrogen interchange device 51 is installed in the pipeline 52. Further, the hydrogen storage tank 123 of each microgrid 20 is connected to the pipeline 52.

  The DC interconnection line 60 is connected to a DC power transmission line generated by the natural energy generator 111 of each microgrid 20. Such an energy interchange mechanism 30 receives an interchange command from the central supervisory control device 40 and accommodates the above-described excess power and hydrogen between the microgrids 20a and 20b based on the interchange command (energy interchange processing). ).

(Function)
(Operation in micro grid units)
The operation of the microgrid 20 will be described with reference to FIG. In each microgrid 20, the local monitoring unit 161 of the local monitoring and control device 160 monitors the supply and demand balance regarding power and hydrogen in the microgrid 20 in the time zone to be controlled.

  When the local monitoring unit 161 monitors the power supply-demand balance and the generated power of the natural energy power generation apparatus 110 exceeds the power consumption of the power demand 151 in the time zone to be controlled, the energy calculating unit 163 The surplus power is obtained by subtracting the power consumption of the power demand 151 from the generated power of the device 110.

  In response to the calculation result, the local control unit 162 of the local monitoring control device 160 transmits the surplus power value to the water electrolysis device 122 as an input power command. When the water electrolysis apparatus 122 receives an input power command from the local control unit 162, it inputs surplus power via the AC / DC converter 121 and uses it for power generated by electrolysis of water to generate hydrogen. The hydrogen storage tank 123 stores the hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis device 122.

  As described above, when the surplus power is generated from the power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110 with respect to the power consumption of the power demand 151, the surplus power generates hydrogen while the surplus power is generated. Only the difference between the generated power and surplus power is supplied to the power demand 151. Thereby, the microgrid 20 can balance the demand and supply of electric power.

  In addition, when the local monitoring unit 161 monitors the power supply / demand balance and the generated power of the natural energy power generation device 110 falls below the power consumption of the power demand 151 in the time zone to be controlled, the energy calculation unit 163 By subtracting the generated power of the natural energy generator 110 from the power consumption of the power demand 151, the shortage of power is obtained.

  In response to the calculation result, the local control unit 162 of the local monitoring control device 160 sends a value of power shortage to the fuel cell 131 as an output power command. The fuel cell 131 that has received the output power command from the local control unit 162 outputs the shortage of power using the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123, and this power is supplied to the power via the DC / AC converter 132. Supply to demand 151. As described above, even when the power of the microgrid 20 is insufficient, the microgrid 20 supplies the power demand 151 with the sum of the power generated by the power natural energy power generation device 110 and the power generated by the fuel cell 131. Demand and supply can be balanced.

(Micro grid interconnection operation)
Next, the operation of the microgrid interconnection system 10 in which the microgrids 20 at two points are interconnected will be described with reference to FIG. First, the operation of the microgrid 20 on the energy accommodation side will be described, and then the operation of the microgrid 20 on the energy accommodation side will be described.

(The microgrid 20a is the flexible side)
When the microgrid 20a is used as an accommodation side, in the time zone to be controlled, the microgrid 20a indicates that “the power generated by the natural energy power generator 110a exceeds the power demand 151a” and “the hydrogen storage tank 123a is full. Is the state. In this state, surplus power is generated in the microgrid 20a and hydrogen cannot be stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a. Therefore, it is a system state where power energy must be discarded in the past.

  The central supervisory control device 40 provides data on the excess or shortage of electric power or hydrogen in each microgrid 20 and data on the tank free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123 in each microgrid 20. Collect from 160. If the central monitoring and control device 40 detects that the microgrid 20a generates surplus power and the hydrogen storage tank 123a is full based on the collected data, the central monitoring and control device 40 determines that the microgrid 20a is full. A set value change command A is transmitted to the local monitoring control device 160a. Since the hydrogen storage tank 123a is full in the microgrid 20a, the local monitoring control device 160a sets the input power command to the water electrolysis device 122a to zero, that is, the input power command that prevents the water electrolysis device 122a from generating hydrogen. change.

  When the central monitoring control device 40 detects that the microgrid 20a is in the above state, the central monitoring control device 40 transmits a power interchange command or a hydrogen interchange command to the microgrid 20a to the energy interchange mechanism 30. These interchange commands compensate for the power shortage of the microgrid 20b from the microgrid 20a having an excess of power to another microgrid 20b having a power shortage, and make the hydrogen storage tank 123b have a free capacity. It becomes a command to accommodate the excess energy of hydrogen or excess energy of hydrogen up to the corresponding power or hydrogen content.

  For example, when the energy accommodation mechanism 30 receives a power accommodation command, the excess power of the microgrid 20a out of the power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110a is transferred from the microgrid 20a to the microgrid 20a via the DC interconnection 60. Accommodate the grid 20b. In the microgrid 20a that accommodates the excess power, the local monitoring and control device 160a operates using the generated power of the natural energy power generation device 110a as a value obtained by subtracting the accommodated excess from the actual generated power. Further, in the microgrid 20b where the excess power is accommodated, the local monitoring and control device 160b operates the generated power of the natural energy power generation device 110b as a value obtained by adding the actual generated power and the accommodated excess. I do.

  When the energy interchange mechanism 30 receives a hydrogen interchange command, the bidirectional hydrogen interchange device 51 generates hydrogen generated by sending excess power to the water electrolysis device 122a and hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a. Through the pipeline 52 from the microgrid 20a to the microgrid 20b. In accordance with the accommodation command output by the central monitoring and control device 40, the energy accommodation mechanism 30 determines the shortage of the microgrid 20b from the microgrid 20a having the excess power to another microgrid 20b having the power shortage. Completion of energy is completed at the point of time when the excess energy of the electric power is made up to the electric power or hydrogen corresponding to the tank free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123b.

  In the microgrid 20a, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a is melted into the microgrid 20b via the pipeline 52, so that a free capacity can be created in the hydrogen storage tank 123a. Therefore, in the microgrid 20a, further hydrogen generation by the water electrolysis device 122a becomes possible.

  In the microgrid 20b on which hydrogen is interchanged, hydrogen is temporarily stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123b, and electric power is generated by a chemical reaction between the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123b in the fuel cell 131b and oxygen in the air. You may make it produce | generate. At this time, the local monitoring and control device 160b of the microgrid 20b operates using a value obtained by adding the power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110b and the power generated by the fuel cell 131b.

  In the microgrid 20b, excess energy is accommodated in the hydrogen storage tank 123b up to the electric power corresponding to the free capacity or the hydrogen content, so that hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen storage tank 123b by the input power command of the water electrolysis device 122b. However, hydrogen does not overflow from the hydrogen storage tank 20b in the range of the control target time zone. As described above, empty power generated when the microgrid 20a is operated alone can be accommodated from the microgrid 20a to the microgrid 20b by surplus power or excess hydrogen on the microgrid 20a side. Costs can be avoided.

  Note that the sum of the power generated by the natural energy generator 111b of the microgrid 20b and the power generated by the natural energy generator 111a of the microgrid 20a is necessary for generating hydrogen for supply to the power demand 151a and the hydrogen demand 152a. It is assumed that it is greater than the sum of In the microgrid 20b, even if hydrogen is generated in response to the changed input power command of the water electrolyzer 122b and the generated hydrogen is taken into the hydrogen storage tank 20b, the tank 20b does not become full. A grid. Further, even if power is generated in response to the changed output power command of the fuel cell 131b, the microgrid is supplied to the fuel cell 131b and can be operated without causing the hydrogen storage tank 123b to become zero. Based on this premise, the operation on the microgrid 20b side will be described in the following three cases A1 to A3.

  Case A1 is a case where, on the microgrid 20b side where energy is accommodated, surplus power is generated without the power generated by the natural energy power generation apparatus 110b being consumed by the power demand 151b. When the central monitoring control device 40 detects such a state on the microgrid 20b side, the central monitoring control device 40 transmits a set value change command A1 to the local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b.

  The local monitoring control device 160b of the micro grid 20b that has received the set value change command A1 changes the input power command to the water electrolysis device 122b. The water electrolysis device 122b that has received the changed input power command generates hydrogen with power that is the sum of the surplus power of the microgrid 20b and the surplus power accommodated from the microgrid 20a side. The hydrogen storage tank 123b stores the generated hydrogen until it is full.

  Case A2 is a case in which the microgrid 20b side is in a power shortage state, and the excess power of the microgrid 20a is larger than the shortage power. The central monitoring control device 40 that has detected such a state transmits a set value change command A2 to the local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b. The local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b that has received this set value change command A2 changes the set value of the output power command of the fuel cell 131b to zero. In the fuel cell 131b that has received the changed output power command, the power generation is stopped. Further, in the local monitoring control device 160b, the set value of the input power command to the water electrolysis device 122b is changed to an input power command obtained by subtracting the insufficient power of the microgrid 20b from the surplus power of the microgrid 20a. Therefore, the water electrolysis device 122b generates hydrogen by the amount corresponding to the input power command.

  In Case A3, the microgrid 20b side is in a power shortage state, and the power shortage on the microgrid 20b side is larger than the power excess on the microgrid 20a. The central monitoring control device 40 that has detected such a state transmits a set value change command A3 to the local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b.

  In the local monitoring and control device 160b of the microgrid 20b that has received this setting value change command A3, the output value of the output power command to the fuel cell 131b is obtained by subtracting the surplus power of the microgrid 20a from the insufficient power of the microgrid 20b. Change to power command. In the fuel cell 131b that has received the output power command after the change, even if an excess of the power of the microgrid 20a is taken in, the power is output as much as the shortage of power on the microgrid 20b side cannot be covered. Moreover, the input power command to the water electrolyzer 122b after the change becomes zero, and the water electrolyzer 122b stops generating hydrogen and does not use power.

(Microgrid 20a is available side)
Next, the operation of the microgrid 20a when accommodating excess power and hydrogen from the microgrid 20b to the microgrid 20a, that is, the operation of the microgrid 20a on the side to be accommodated will be described. When the microgrid 20a is set as the interchangeable side, the microgrid 20a indicates that “the sum of the power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110a and the power generated by the fuel cell 131a is less than the power demand 151a” at the time to be controlled. This is a state in which “there is no hydrogen available in the hydrogen storage tank 123a”.

  In this state, there is a power shortage in the microgrid 20a, and there is no hydrogen being stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a, and the shortage of power cannot be compensated by power generation by the fuel cell 131a. For this reason, the microgrid 20a lacks both power and hydrogen, which is a system state that falls into the power supply demand and the supply stop for the hydrogen demand. At this time, it is assumed that there is an excess of electric power or hydrogen on the microgrid 20b side.

  The central supervisory control device 40 provides data on the excess or shortage of electric power or hydrogen in each microgrid 20 and data on the tank free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123 in each microgrid 20. Collect from 160. When the central monitoring control device 40 detects that the microgrid 20a is in the above state based on the collected data, the central monitoring control device 40 sets the set value for the local monitoring control device 160a of the microgrid 20a. A change command B is transmitted.

  When the central monitoring control device 40 detects that the microgrid 20a is in the above state, the central monitoring control device 40 transmits a power interchange command or a hydrogen interchange command to the microgrid 20b to the energy interchange mechanism 30. These interchange instructions correspond to the free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123b from the microgrid 20b having an excess of power to the microgrid 20a having a power shortage to compensate for the power shortage of the microgrid 20a. It becomes a command to accommodate the excess energy of hydrogen or excess energy of hydrogen up to the power or hydrogen content.

  For example, when receiving the power interchange command, the energy interchange mechanism 30 allows the shortage of the power of the microgrid 20a to be interchanged from the microgrid 20b to the microgrid 20a via the DC interconnection line 60. The local monitoring and control device 160a of the microgrid 20a to which power is interchanged operates using the generated power of the natural energy power generation device 110a as a value obtained by adding the actual generated power and the interchanged power. In addition, the local monitoring and control device 160b of the microgrid 20b to which the power is interchanged operates using the generated power of the natural energy power generation device 110a as a value obtained by subtracting the interchanged power from the actual generated power.

  When the energy accommodation mechanism 30 receives a hydrogen accommodation command, the bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 51 transmits the hydrogen generated by sending an excess of electric power to the water electrolysis device 122b via the pipeline 52 through the microgrid. The microgrid 20a is accommodated from 20b. The energy accommodation mechanism 30 corresponds to the free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123a from the microgrid 20b having excess power to the microgrid 20a having electricity shortage in accordance with the accommodation command output by the central monitoring control device 40. When the excess energy is accommodated up to the electric power or hydrogen content, the interchange of energy ends.

  In the microgrid 20b, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a is melted into the microgrid 20a via the pipeline 52, so that a free capacity can be created in the hydrogen storage tank 123b. Therefore, in the microgrid 20b, further hydrogen generation by the water electrolysis device 122a becomes possible.

  Further, in the microgrid 20a to which hydrogen is interchanged, hydrogen is temporarily stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a, and electric power is generated by a chemical reaction between the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123a in the fuel cell 131a and oxygen in the air. You may make it produce | generate. At this time, the local monitoring control device 160a of the microgrid 20a operates as a value obtained by adding the power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110a and the power generated by the fuel cell 131a.

  Since there is no hydrogen available on the microgrid 20a side, even if hydrogen is supplied to the hydrogen storage tank 123a by the input power command of the water electrolysis device 122a, the hydrogen storage tank 20a It will never be full. As described above, the power demand generated when the microgrid 20a is operated alone by passing the surplus power or excess hydrogen on the microgrid 20b side from the microgrid 20b to the microgrid 20a, and This can be avoided for supply interruptions to hydrogen demand.

  In the above case, the microgrid 20b is premised on that the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage tank 123b is sufficient even if power or excess energy of hydrogen is accommodated on the microgrid 20a side. Based on this premise, the operation of the microgrid 20b will be described in the following two cases B1 and B2.

  Case B1 is an operation in a state where surplus power continues to be generated on the microgrid 20b side. The central monitoring control device 40 that has detected such a state transmits a set value change command B1 to the local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b. The local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b that has received the set value change command B1 changes the input power command to the water electrolysis device 122b of the microgrid 20b. The input power command after the change is an input power command obtained by subtracting, from the surplus power of the microgrid 20b, the power required to generate hydrogen to supply the insufficient power of the microgrid 20a and the hydrogen demand of the microgrid 20a. .

  Case B2 is an operation in the case where a power shortage occurs on the microgrid 20b side. The central monitoring control device 40 that has detected such a state transmits a set value change command B2 to the local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b. The local monitoring control device 160b of the microgrid 20b that has received this set value change command B2 changes the output power command of the fuel cell 131b of the microgrid 20b. The changed input power command is to generate hydrogen to supply the sum of the power demand of the microgrid 20a and the microgrid 20b and the hydrogen demand of the microgrid 20a from the sum of the natural energy generated power of the microgrid 20a and the microgrid 20b. This is an input power command obtained by subtracting the power required for.

(effect)
According to the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, the energy accommodation mechanism 30 receives the accommodation command output from the central monitoring and control device 40, and passes through the pipeline 52, the bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 51, and the DC interconnection 60. Thus, the excess energy of electric power or hydrogen can be accommodated from one microgrid 20 to another microgrid 20. At this time, since the pipeline 52 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 123 of each microgrid 20, it is easy to store flexible hydrogen.

  In the microgrid 20, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 123 is supplied to the fuel cell 131 to generate electric power, so that the excess hydrogen energy can be replaced with electric power energy. Further, in the microgrid 20, hydrogen can be generated by supplying the water electrolysis apparatus 121 with an excess of the electric power supplied via the DC interconnection 60, and can be stored in the hydrogen storage tank 123. That is, it is possible to replace the excess energy of the electric power with hydrogen energy and store it.

  In the microgrid interconnection system 10 described above, even if the microgrid 20 is installed in a place with severe geographical conditions, such as a remote island or a mountainous area, the energy storage without the sufficient hydrogen storage tank 123 is installed. Use efficiency can be increased. Moreover, it becomes possible to avoid the supply stop to the electric power demand 151 and the hydrogen demand 152 reliably by accommodating the excess of electric power or hydrogen between the microgrids 20a and 20b. As described above, in the microgrid interconnection system 10, a system in which a plurality of microgrids 20 are linked to each other is constructed, and the system operation is stably performed over a long period of time by integrally controlling the plurality of microgrids. be able to.

  Further, in this embodiment, the local monitoring and control device 160 obtains the shortage of power or hydrogen in each microgrid 20 and the tank free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123 in an arbitrary time zone, and the central monitoring and control device 40 , Data on the shortage of each microgrid 20 and the tank free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123 are collected from the local monitoring and control device 160, and another microgrid 20 having a shortage from another microgrid 20 having a shortage is collected. The interchange command is output so as to make up for the shortage and to accommodate the excess energy up to the power or hydrogen corresponding to the tank free capacity.

  For this reason, in the several microgrid 20 which belongs to the microgrid interconnection system 10, the energy of the excess of electric power or hydrogen is not interchanged between the microgrids 20 with excess. In addition, in the present embodiment, it is possible to accommodate the excess energy of the electric power and hydrogen excess in the microgrid 20 up to the limit of the hydrogen storage amount of the hydrogen storage tank 123 of the microgrid 20. Therefore, in the microgrid interconnection system 10, the generated power or hydrogen energy can be used more efficiently without being discarded, and the energy use efficiency is further improved.

(Other embodiments)
The above embodiment is an example, and does not limit the scope of the invention, and can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions and replacements are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Can make changes. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof as well as included in the scope and gist of the invention.

  A method, a program, and a recording medium that records the program for executing the processing of each unit described above are also one aspect of the embodiment. Moreover, how to set the range processed by hardware and the range processed by software including a program is not limited to a specific mode. Furthermore, any one of the above-described units can be configured as a circuit that realizes each process.

  For example, the microgrid interconnection system 10 shown in FIG. 4 includes an AC interconnection line 70 instead of the DC interconnection line 60 as the energy accommodation mechanism 30. Since the configuration other than the AC interconnection line 70 is the same as that in the first embodiment, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The AC interconnection line 70 is connected to an AC power transmission line that supplies power to the power demand 151 of each microgrid 20, and AC power generated by the natural energy power generation device 110 and AC power generated by the fuel cell 131. Can be transmitted in both directions. In the embodiment as described above, the same operation and effect as the first embodiment can be exhibited.

  In the above embodiment, as the energy accommodation mechanism 30, the pipeline 52 provided with the bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 51 and the DC interconnection line 60 or the AC interconnection line 70 are provided, but in the energy accommodation mechanism 30, You may make it accommodate at least one of the excess of an electric power and hydrogen. Further, as the energy accommodation mechanism 30, two or more mechanisms that accommodate the excess of electric power and mechanisms that accommodate the excess of hydrogen may be provided.

  For example, two pipelines 52 including the bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 51 may be provided. In such an embodiment, even if one of the bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 51 and the pipeline 52 fails, the hydrogen accommodation is possible if the other bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 51 and the pipeline 52 are operable. . Therefore, the above actions and effects can be obtained while exhibiting higher reliability.

  The local monitoring control device 160 obtains the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123 at the time to be controlled, and the central monitoring control device 40 uses the hydrogen amount corresponding to the storage capacity as the hydrogen accommodation amount. The hydrogen accommodation command may be output to the energy accommodation mechanism 30. In addition, the local monitoring and control device 160 obtains the remaining charge capacity of the fuel cell 131 at the time to be controlled, and the central monitoring and control apparatus 40 uses the amount of power corresponding to the remaining charge capacity as the power accommodation amount. The accommodation command may be output to the energy accommodation mechanism 30. In such an embodiment, it is possible to carry out hydrogen interchange or power interchange with higher accuracy by obtaining the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123 or the charge capacity of the fuel cell 131 in advance. The property is further improved.

  Since the fuel cell 131 can be regarded not only as a power generation device but also as a hydrogen storage device, the storage amount may be incorporated as a part of the capacity of the hydrogen storage tank 123. In addition, the storage battery 142 may be used not only as a charge / discharge for the purpose of suppressing short-term fluctuations in the generated power of the natural energy power generation device 110 but also as a power storage device that stores power energy.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Micro grid connection system 110 ... Natural energy power generation device 111 ... Natural energy generator 112 ... DC / AC converter 121 ... AC / DC converter 122 ... Water electrolysis device 123 ... Hydrogen storage tank 124 ... Hydrogen supply device 131 ... Fuel cell 132 ... DC / AC converter 141 ... AC / DC converter 142 ... Storage battery 151 ... Electricity demand 152 ... Hydrogen demand 160 ... Local monitoring and control device 161 ... Local monitoring unit 162 ... Local control unit 163 ... Energy calculation unit 20, 20a, 20b ... micro grid 30 ... energy accommodation mechanism 40 ... central monitoring and control device 51 ... bidirectional hydrogen accommodation device 52 ... pipeline 60 ... DC interconnection line 70 ... AC interconnection line

Claims (11)

A natural energy power generation device that generates electric power using natural energy;
A water electrolysis device that electrolyzes water using the electric power generated by the natural energy power generation device to generate hydrogen; and
A hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis device;
A fuel cell that generates electric power by a chemical reaction between hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank and oxygen in the air;
Power demand to consume power,
Hydrogen demand for consuming hydrogen,
A microgrid interconnection system provided with a plurality of microgrids having
A local monitoring and control device for determining an excess of electric power and hydrogen that cannot be used in each microgrid in an arbitrary time zone; and
A central monitoring and control device that collects the excess data of each microgrid from the local monitoring and control device, and outputs an accommodation command for accommodating the excess energy of each microgrid to another microgrid When,
A microgrid interconnection system comprising: an energy interchange mechanism that accommodates the excess energy between the microgrids based on the interchange command. The local monitoring and control device obtains a shortage of power or hydrogen in each microgrid in an arbitrary time zone,
The central supervisory control device collects data about the shortage of each microgrid from the local supervisory control device and from the microgrid with the excess to another microgrid with the shortage The microgrid interconnection system according to claim 1, wherein the interchange command is output so as to compensate for the shortage. The local monitoring control device monitors the hydrogen storage state of the hydrogen storage tank to determine the tank free capacity of the hydrogen storage tank in an arbitrary time zone,
The central supervisory control device collects data about the tank free capacity of each microgrid from the local supervisory control device, and from the microgrid having the excess amount to another microgrid having the tank free capacity The microgrid interconnection system according to claim 2, wherein an interchange command is output so as to make up for the shortage and allow the excess energy to be accommodated up to the power or hydrogen corresponding to the tank free capacity. The energy interchange mechanism installs a pipeline for flowing hydrogen between the microgrids,
4. The microgrid interconnection system according to claim 1, wherein the central monitoring and control device outputs a hydrogen accommodation command for accommodating hydrogen using the pipeline to the energy accommodation mechanism.   The microgrid interconnection system according to claim 4, wherein the pipeline is connected to the hydrogen storage tank of each microgrid.   The microgrid interconnection system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the microgrid supplied with hydrogen through the pipeline, the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell to generate electric power. The energy interchange mechanism installs a transmission line between the microgrids,
The microgrid interconnection system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the central monitoring and control device outputs a power interchange command for accommodating power using the power transmission line to the energy interchange mechanism.   The microgrid interconnection system according to claim 7, wherein in the microgrid supplied with power through the power transmission line, the power is supplied to the water electrolysis device to generate hydrogen.   The microgrid interconnection system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a storage battery is connected to the natural energy power generation device. A natural energy power generation device that generates power using natural energy and supplies it to power demand; and
A water electrolysis device that electrolyzes water using the electric power generated by the natural energy power generation device to generate hydrogen; and
A hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis device;
A fuel cell that generates electric power by a chemical reaction between hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank and oxygen in the air;
Power demand to consume power,
Hydrogen demand for consuming hydrogen,
In a microgrid interconnection control method in which a plurality of microgrids are provided, and a plurality of microgrids are linked and controlled by a computer,
The computer
Local monitoring and control processing for obtaining an excess of electric power and hydrogen that cannot be used in each microgrid in an arbitrary time zone; and
Central monitoring and control processing for collecting the excess data of each microgrid and outputting an accommodation command for accommodating the excess energy of each microgrid to another microgrid;
A process of accommodating the excess energy between the microgrids based on the accommodation command;
A microgrid interconnection control method to execute. A natural energy power generation device that generates power using natural energy and supplies it to power demand; and
A water electrolysis device that electrolyzes water using the electric power generated by the natural energy power generation device to generate hydrogen; and
A hydrogen storage tank for storing hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis device;
A fuel cell that generates electric power by a chemical reaction between hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank and oxygen in the air;
Power demand to consume power,
Hydrogen demand for consuming hydrogen,
In a microgrid interconnection control program for providing a plurality of microgrids having a control and causing a computer to interconnect and control a plurality of microgrids,
In the computer,
Local monitoring and control processing for obtaining an excess of electric power and hydrogen that cannot be used in each microgrid in an arbitrary time zone; and
Central monitoring and control processing for collecting the excess data of each microgrid and outputting an accommodation command for accommodating the excess energy of each microgrid to another microgrid;
A process of accommodating the excess energy between the microgrids based on the accommodation command;
A microgrid interconnection control program that executes

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