JP2019018608A - Instrument panel reinforcement fixing structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、車両の構造に関し、特に、インパネリインフォースメントに被固定部材を固定する構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a structure of a vehicle, and more particularly to a structure for fixing a member to be fixed to an instrument panel reinforcement.
下記特許文献１には、車両のインパネリインフォースメントにステアリングを支持するための部材を取り付けた構造が開示されている。この文献の技術では、ステアリングを支持するための部材は、インパネリインフォースメントに溶接固定されている。 Patent Document 1 below discloses a structure in which a member for supporting steering is attached to an instrument panel reinforcement of a vehicle. In the technique of this document, the member for supporting the steering is welded and fixed to the instrument panel reinforcement.
インパネリインフォースメントにステアリングを支持するための部材などを溶接以外の手法を用いて取り付ける場合、車両に要求される強度を確保して両者を固定しなければならない。特に、電磁成形を用いる場合には、電磁成形の特性を勘案した上で、必要となる固定強度を確保する必要がある。 When attaching a member for supporting the steering to the instrument panel reinforcement by using a technique other than welding, it is necessary to secure the strength required for the vehicle and fix both. In particular, when using electromagnetic forming, it is necessary to secure the necessary fixing strength in consideration of the characteristics of electromagnetic forming.
本発明の目的は、インパネリインフォースメントと貫通孔をもつ被固定部材とを電磁成形による塑性変形を利用して固定した車両構造を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle structure in which an instrument panel reinforcement and a fixed member having a through hole are fixed using plastic deformation by electromagnetic forming.
本発明にかかるインパネリインフォースメント固定構造は、車両の幅方向に延びるパイプ部材を備え、前記車両に固定されたインパネリインフォースメントと、前記パイプ部材の外周面に接合した貫通孔を備えた被固定部材と、を備え、前記貫通孔の両端面の少なくとも一方の端面の一部が、貫通孔方向と直交しない形状で形成されており、前記貫通孔の両端面の外側では、前記パイプ部材は前記貫通孔内壁よりも拡径されて、前記被固定部材を挟み込んでおり、これにより、前記被固定部材が前記パイプ部材によってかしめ固定されている。 An instrument panel reinforcement fixing structure according to the present invention includes a pipe member extending in a vehicle width direction, and an instrument panel reinforcement fixed to the vehicle, and a fixed member including a through hole joined to an outer peripheral surface of the pipe member And a part of at least one end face of both end faces of the through hole is formed in a shape that is not orthogonal to the through hole direction, and the pipe member extends outside the both end faces of the through hole. The diameter of the fixed member is larger than that of the inner wall of the hole, and the fixed member is sandwiched therebetween, whereby the fixed member is caulked and fixed by the pipe member.
インパネリインフォースメントが備えるパイプ部材は、内部が中空である筒型の形状をした部材である。中空を構成する孔部は、典型的にはその断面が円形（加工誤差の範囲で真円とみなせる形状）をなすように作られるが、楕円形や多角形などに形成されていても構わない。パイプ部材には、インパネリインフォースメントとして必要な強度が確保でき、かつ、電磁成形が可能な素材が利用される。素材の例としては、アルミニウムやその合金、マグネシウムやその合金を挙げることができる。 The pipe member included in the instrument panel reinforcement is a cylindrical member having a hollow inside. The hole constituting the hollow is typically made so that its cross section is circular (a shape that can be regarded as a perfect circle within the range of processing errors), but it may be formed in an oval or polygonal shape. . The pipe member is made of a material that can ensure the strength required for instrument panel reinforcement and that can be electromagnetically formed. Examples of the material include aluminum and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys.
被固定部材は、貫通孔を備えた部材であり、電磁成形に必要な強度や、部材を利用する上で必要な強度などが確保できる素材を用いて作られている。被固定部材の全体形状は特に限定されるものではない。被固定部材には、貫通孔が形成されている。貫通孔は、被固定部材のある面から別の面への貫かれた孔であり、例えば、型成形や、部材の打ち抜きにより形成されてもよいし、複数の部材を組み合わせて形成されてもよい。貫通孔は、典型的には、円筒形状に作られるが、その断面形状は円形の他に、楕円形や多角形など様々な形をとることができる。 The member to be fixed is a member having a through-hole, and is made of a material that can ensure the strength necessary for electromagnetic forming, the strength necessary for using the member, and the like. The overall shape of the member to be fixed is not particularly limited. A through hole is formed in the fixed member. The through hole is a hole penetrating from one surface of the fixed member to another surface. For example, the through hole may be formed by molding or punching of a member, or may be formed by combining a plurality of members. Good. The through-hole is typically made in a cylindrical shape, but its cross-sectional shape can take various shapes such as an ellipse and a polygon other than a circle.
被固定部材は、貫通孔の一方または両方の端面（貫通孔の端部の外縁を含む面）の一部または全部が、貫通孔方向と直交しない角度に形成されている。貫通孔方向とは、貫通孔の内壁によって規定される方向であり、例えば、貫通孔が円筒形である場合には円筒の軸方向を指す。端面の一部が貫通孔の方向とは直交しない例としては、端面が貫通孔の方向に対して波打っている形状を挙げることができる。また、端面の全部が貫通孔の方向とは直交しない例としては、貫通孔の方向に直交しない斜め平面上に形成された平面形状を挙げることができる。両端面の形状は、互いに同一形状としてもよいし、互いに異なる形状としてもよい。 The to-be-fixed member is formed at an angle at which part or all of one or both end surfaces of the through hole (a surface including the outer edge of the end portion of the through hole) are not orthogonal to the through hole direction. A through-hole direction is a direction prescribed | regulated by the inner wall of a through-hole, for example, when a through-hole is cylindrical shape, it points out the axial direction of a cylinder. As an example in which a part of the end surface is not orthogonal to the direction of the through hole, a shape in which the end surface is wavy with respect to the direction of the through hole can be exemplified. Further, as an example in which the entire end face is not orthogonal to the direction of the through hole, a planar shape formed on an oblique plane that is not orthogonal to the direction of the through hole can be exemplified. The shape of both end surfaces may be the same shape or different shapes.
パイプ部材は被固定部材の貫通孔の内部に設置されて、電磁成形を受ける。すなわち、電磁成形用のコイルが、パイプ部材の内部における被固定部材の貫通孔位置付近に設置され、パルス通電（大きな電流を瞬間的に流す）されることで、パイプ部材に対して拡径する力を作用させる。この結果、パイプ部材は塑性変形を受けて拡径し、貫通孔内ではその内壁に密着するように接合し、貫通孔の両端面の外側では、貫通孔の内壁の径よりも大きく拡径し、被固定部材を挟みこむかしめ固定が行われる。 The pipe member is installed inside the through hole of the fixed member and receives electromagnetic forming. That is, a coil for electromagnetic forming is installed in the vicinity of the through-hole position of the fixed member inside the pipe member, and the diameter of the pipe member is increased by applying a pulse current (insulating a large current instantaneously). Apply force. As a result, the pipe member is subjected to plastic deformation and expands in diameter, and is joined so as to be in close contact with the inner wall in the through hole. The outer diameter of both ends of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the inner wall of the through hole. The fixing is performed by clamping the member to be fixed.
かしめ固定された場合、被固定部材は両端面を拡径されたパイプ部材に挟まれているため、パイプ部材の軸方向への移動ができなくなる。また、被固定部材の両端面が貫通孔方向に直交しない形状に作られているため、被固定部材は、拡径されたかしめ部分に邪魔されて、パイプ部材の軸回り方向にも動くことができずに固定される。貫通孔内壁とパイプ部材外壁とが密着した接合は、これらの固定を一層強固なものとしている。 In the case of caulking and fixing, the fixed member is sandwiched between pipe members whose both end surfaces are enlarged, and therefore the pipe member cannot be moved in the axial direction. In addition, since both end faces of the fixed member are formed in a shape that is not orthogonal to the through-hole direction, the fixed member is obstructed by the caulked portion whose diameter is increased, and can move in the direction around the axis of the pipe member. Fixed without being able to. The joint in which the inner wall of the through hole and the outer wall of the pipe member are in close contact with each other further enhances the fixation.
本発明にかかるインパネリインフォースメントを含む固定部材によれば、インパネリインフォースメントのパイプ部材に固定された被固定部材は、かしめによって、パイプ軸方向へ動かないように固定されるのみならず、パイプ軸回り方向にも動かないように固定される。 According to the fixing member including the instrument panel reinforcement according to the present invention, the fixed member fixed to the pipe member of the instrument panel reinforcement is not only fixed so as not to move in the pipe axis direction by caulking. It is fixed so that it does not move in the direction of rotation.
以下に、本発明の実施形態について説明する。ここに示す実施形態は、本発明に基づいて実施可能となる形態を例示するものであり、本発明は、これ以外の形態でも実施可能である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. Embodiment shown here illustrates the form which can be implemented based on this invention, and this invention can be implemented also in other forms.
図１は、本実施形態にかかるインパネリインフォースメント固定構造１０についての部分的な斜視図である。インパネリインフォースメントは、車両に固定的に結合され、車両の幅方向に延びるパイプ部材を含んでおり、パイプ部材はアルミ合金を押出成形することで形成されている。図１には、インパネリインフォースメントが備えるパイプ部材１２の一部分が示されている。パイプ部材１２は、内部が中空であり、その断面がほぼ円形である円筒形状である。パイプ部材１２には、被固定部材としてのステアリング支持部材１４が取り付けられる。ステアリング支持部材１４は、車両のステアリング関係の部材を支持するために利用される部材である。ステアリング支持部材１４は、２つの貫通孔１６、１８を備えている。貫通孔１６と１８には、パイプ部材１２が、それらの孔を貫いて挿入されている。後で改めて説明するように、パイプ部材１２の内部には、電磁成形用のコイルが設置されて、かしめ固定する加工が行われる。 FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of an instrument panel reinforcement fixing structure 10 according to the present embodiment. The instrument panel reinforcement includes a pipe member that is fixedly coupled to the vehicle and extends in the width direction of the vehicle, and the pipe member is formed by extruding an aluminum alloy. FIG. 1 shows a part of the pipe member 12 included in the instrument panel reinforcement. The pipe member 12 has a hollow cylindrical shape and a substantially circular cross section. A steering support member 14 as a fixed member is attached to the pipe member 12. The steering support member 14 is a member used for supporting a steering-related member of the vehicle. The steering support member 14 includes two through holes 16 and 18. The pipe member 12 is inserted into the through holes 16 and 18 through the holes. As will be described later, an electromagnetic forming coil is installed inside the pipe member 12 to perform caulking and fixing.
次に図２の模式図を用いて、被固定部材の形状的特徴について説明する。図２は、被固定部材２０の一例を模式的に示す斜視図である。図示した被固定部材２０は、外壁２２と内壁２４によって構成された円筒形状の部材である。内壁２４の内側には貫通孔２６が形成されている。被固定部材２０の端面２８、３０は、内壁２４の長手方向である貫通孔方向３２を斜めに切る（すなわち直交せずに切る）ように平面的に形成されている。このため、端面２８が載る平面の法線方向３４は、貫通孔方向３２とは平行になっていない。 Next, the shape feature of the member to be fixed will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the fixed member 20. The illustrated fixed member 20 is a cylindrical member constituted by an outer wall 22 and an inner wall 24. A through hole 26 is formed inside the inner wall 24. The end faces 28 and 30 of the fixed member 20 are formed in a plane so as to cut the through hole direction 32 which is the longitudinal direction of the inner wall 24 obliquely (that is, cut without being orthogonal). For this reason, the normal direction 34 of the plane on which the end face 28 is placed is not parallel to the through-hole direction 32.
図３は、かしめ固定された部材４０について説明する模式的な平面図である。図示したカシメ固定された部材４０は、図２に示した被固定部材２０と、その貫通孔２６に挿入されたパイプ部材４２とからなる。パイプ部材４２では、もともとその外壁４４は、貫通孔２６の内壁２４よりもわずかに径が小さく作られており、これにより、被固定部材２０の貫通孔２６に挿入することができる。しかし、図３では、貫通孔２６の内部では、パイプ部材４２は拡径されて、内壁２４に密着して接合されており、一方の端面２８の外側では、内壁２４よりも拡径された拡径部４６、４８が形成されている。また、他方の端面３０の外側にも拡径部５０、５２が形成されている。 FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view for explaining the caulking and fixing member 40. The caulking and fixing member 40 shown in the figure includes the fixed member 20 shown in FIG. 2 and a pipe member 42 inserted into the through hole 26. In the pipe member 42, the outer wall 44 is originally made slightly smaller in diameter than the inner wall 24 of the through hole 26, and can thereby be inserted into the through hole 26 of the fixed member 20. However, in FIG. 3, the pipe member 42 has an enlarged diameter inside the through hole 26 and is in close contact with the inner wall 24, and on the outer side of the one end face 28, the enlarged diameter is larger than that of the inner wall 24. Diameter portions 46 and 48 are formed. Further, enlarged diameter portions 50 and 52 are also formed on the outer side of the other end surface 30.
これらの拡径は、電磁成形によるものである。すなわち、パイプ部材４２の内部における貫通孔２６付近に電磁成形用のコイルが設置され、パルス通電がなされたことで、パイプ部材４２は、その付近で拡径される塑性変形を受けている。この結果、被固定部材２０は、パイプ部材４２にかしめ固定により結合されている。被固定部材２０は、パイプ部材４２の軸方向（長手方向、図面の左右方向）には、拡径部４６、４８、５０、５２があるために動くことができない。また、被固定部材２０は、かしめ固定されていなければ、パイプ部材４２の軸周りに回転することが可能であるが、端面２８、３０が軸方向とは直交しておらず、回転しようとしても拡径部４６、４８、５０、５２に動きを阻害されてしまうために回転方向に動くことができない。さらに、被固定部材２０の内壁２４とパイプ部材４２の外壁は密着して接合しており、結合を強固なものとしている。 These diameter expansions are due to electromagnetic forming. That is, a coil for electromagnetic forming is installed in the vicinity of the through hole 26 in the pipe member 42, and pulse energization is performed, so that the pipe member 42 is subjected to plastic deformation whose diameter is increased in the vicinity thereof. As a result, the fixed member 20 is coupled to the pipe member 42 by caulking. The fixed member 20 cannot move due to the enlarged diameter portions 46, 48, 50, 52 in the axial direction (longitudinal direction, left-right direction in the drawing) of the pipe member 42. Further, if the fixed member 20 is not caulked and fixed, it can be rotated around the axis of the pipe member 42, but the end faces 28 and 30 are not orthogonal to the axial direction, and even if it is going to rotate. Since the movement is hindered by the enlarged diameter portions 46, 48, 50, 52, it cannot move in the rotational direction. Further, the inner wall 24 of the fixed member 20 and the outer wall of the pipe member 42 are in close contact with each other, thereby strengthening the connection.
貫通孔の端面の形状は、様々なものを採用することが可能である。例えば、図２、図３に示したものよりも、さらに斜めにすることが可能である。端面は、貫通孔方向と直交する（９０度の角度で交差する）場合にはパイプ部材の軸回りに回転しやすくなり、直交から遠ざかるほど（８５度以下、８０度以下、７５度以下、７０度以下、６５度以下というように交差する角度が小さくなるほど）軸回り方向の回転が妨げられる。角度の設定は、部材に要求される強度などを勘案して決定すればよい。なお、斜めの度合いが非常に大きくなる場合には、固定された部位が、パイプ部材４２の軸方向に長い範囲にわたり、コンパクトさを欠くことになるため、平行に近すぎない（例えば３０度以上、４０度以上、５０度以上、６０度以上、７０度以上）ように交差する角度を限定することも可能である。 Various shapes can be adopted as the shape of the end face of the through hole. For example, it is possible to make it further oblique than that shown in FIGS. When the end face is orthogonal to the through-hole direction (intersects at an angle of 90 degrees), the end face is easily rotated around the axis of the pipe member, and the farther away from the orthogonal direction (85 degrees or less, 80 degrees or less, 75 degrees or less, 70 The smaller the angle of intersection, such as less than or equal to 65 degrees or less, the more the rotation around the axis is hindered. The setting of the angle may be determined in consideration of the strength required for the member. In addition, when the degree of the inclination becomes very large, the fixed portion is not close to parallel (for example, 30 degrees or more) because the fixed portion is not compact in the long range in the axial direction of the pipe member 42. , 40 degrees or more, 50 degrees or more, 60 degrees or more, 70 degrees or more).
図２，３に示した例では、被固定部材の両端面は、貫通孔方向に対して同じ角度（すなわち二つの平面が交わらない関係）で交差していたが、両端面が、貫通孔方向に対して異なる角度で交差するように設定することも可能である。一例としては、一方の端面を貫通孔方向周りに１８０度回転させた形状（すなわち一方の端面が貫通孔方向に７０度で交差し、他方が１１０度で交差する場合のように「ハ」の字を構成するような形状）を挙げることができる。また別の例としては、一方が７０度で交差し、他方が６０度で交差するように交差の角度が異なる形状を挙げることができる。このように両端面の角度を互いに異ならせることで、パイプ部材と被固定部材の接触部分に作用する力の向きや方向を多様化させることができる。 In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, both end surfaces of the fixed member intersect at the same angle (that is, the relationship where the two planes do not intersect) with respect to the through hole direction. It is also possible to set to intersect at different angles. As an example, a shape in which one end face is rotated by 180 degrees around the through-hole direction (that is, one end face intersects the through-hole direction at 70 degrees and the other intersects at 110 degrees) Shape that constitutes a character). Another example is a shape in which the angle of intersection is different such that one intersects at 70 degrees and the other intersects at 60 degrees. Thus, by making the angles of both end faces different from each other, the direction and direction of the force acting on the contact portion between the pipe member and the fixed member can be diversified.
また、図２、３に示した例では、貫通孔の端面を平面形状としたが、曲面形状とすることも可能である。曲面形状の例としては、パイプ軸方向に見て、波打たせた形状を挙げることができる。ここで、波打たせた形状とは、例えばsinカーブのように滑らかに変化させた形状、直線的に「W」字のように変化させた形状、直線的な凹凸のように変化させた形状などを挙げることができる。いずれにせよ、両端面の形状は、固定において必要となる強度や、加工のしやすさ、電磁成形で形成される塑性変形との噛み合い（あるいは挟まれ具合）の良好性などを勘案して決めればよい。 In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the end surface of the through hole has a planar shape, but may have a curved surface shape. As an example of the curved surface shape, a wavy shape as seen in the pipe axis direction can be given. Here, the wavy shape is, for example, a shape that is smoothly changed like a sine curve, a shape that is linearly changed like a “W” character, or a shape that is changed like a linear unevenness. And so on. In any case, the shape of both end faces is determined in consideration of the strength required for fixing, ease of processing, and good meshing (or pinching) with plastic deformation formed by electromagnetic forming. That's fine.
貫通孔は被固定部材上に１つだけ設けてもよいが、図１に示した例のように被固定部材上に２つ持たせてもよいし、３つ以上持たせることも可能である。一般に貫通孔の数を増やすと、その両端面の数も増え、かしめ固定は強化されるが、加工の複雑さは増加することになる。 Although only one through hole may be provided on the member to be fixed, two may be provided on the member to be fixed as in the example illustrated in FIG. 1, or three or more may be provided. . In general, when the number of through-holes is increased, the number of both end faces is also increased, and the caulking is strengthened, but the processing complexity is increased.
続いて、図４を用いて、本実施形態の変形例について説明する。図４は、かしめ固定される部材６０の断面図である。かしめ固定される部材６０は、被固定部材６２と、その貫通孔６４内に挿入されたパイプ部材８０とを含んでいる。貫通孔６４は、内壁断面が円形ではなく、半多角形状となっている。すなわち、ほぼ円形の形状ではあるが、円よりも外側に膨れた角部６６、６８、７０、７２が形成されている。このため、電磁成形によってパイプ部材８０が拡径された場合には、パイプ部材８０は、貫通孔６４の形状である半多角形状に塑性変形されることとなる。この結果、貫通孔６４の断面が円形である場合に比べて、軸回りの回転が強く制限される。貫通孔６４内壁断面形状を円形からどの程度ずらすか、どの程度角ばらせるかは、回転を妨げる強度や、複雑な塑性変形をすることによる疲労のしやすさなどを勘案して決定すればよい。図４に示した技術は、図２，３で説明した技術とは独立に実施してもよいし、一緒に実施してもよい。 Subsequently, a modification of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the member 60 to be caulked and fixed. The caulking and fixing member 60 includes a fixed member 62 and a pipe member 80 inserted into the through hole 64. The through-hole 64 has a semi-polygonal shape rather than a circular inner wall cross section. That is, the corners 66, 68, 70, and 72 that are substantially circular but swell outward from the circle are formed. For this reason, when the diameter of the pipe member 80 is increased by electromagnetic forming, the pipe member 80 is plastically deformed into a semi-polygonal shape that is the shape of the through hole 64. As a result, the rotation around the axis is strongly restricted as compared with the case where the cross section of the through hole 64 is circular. How much the cross-sectional shape of the inner wall of the through-hole 64 is shifted from the circular shape and how much the angular shape is to be determined may be determined in consideration of the strength that prevents rotation, the ease of fatigue caused by complicated plastic deformation, and the like. . The technique shown in FIG. 4 may be implemented independently of the techniques described in FIGS. 2 and 3 or may be implemented together.
１０ インパネリインフォースメント固定構造、１２ パイプ部材、１４ ステアリング支持部材、１６ 貫通孔、１８ 貫通孔、２０ 被固定部材、２２ 外壁、２４ 内壁面、２４ 内壁、２６ 貫通孔、２８ 端面、３０ 端面、３２ 貫通孔方向、３４ 法線方向、４０ 部材、４２ パイプ部材、４４ 外壁、４６ 拡径部、４８ 拡径部、５０ 拡径部、５２ 拡径部、６０ 部材、６２ 被固定部材、６４ 貫通孔、６６ 角部、６８ 角部、７０ 角部、７２ 角部、８０ パイプ部材。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Instrument panel fixing structure, 12 Pipe member, 14 Steering support member, 16 Through hole, 18 Through hole, 20 Fixed member, 22 Outer wall, 24 Inner wall surface, 24 Inner wall, 26 Through hole, 28 End surface, 30 End surface, 32 Through hole direction, 34 normal direction, 40 member, 42 pipe member, 44 outer wall, 46 expanded diameter portion, 48 expanded diameter portion, 50 expanded diameter portion, 52 expanded diameter portion, 60 member, 62 fixed member, 64 through hole , 66 corners, 68 corners, 70 corners, 72 corners, 80 pipe members.
Claims (1)
前記パイプ部材の外周面に接合した貫通孔を備えた被固定部材と、
を備え、
前記貫通孔の両端面の少なくとも一方の端面の一部が、貫通孔方向と直交しない形状で形成されており、
前記貫通孔の両端面の外側では、前記パイプ部材は前記貫通孔内壁よりも拡径されて、前記被固定部材を挟み込んでおり、
これにより、前記被固定部材が前記パイプ部材によってかしめ固定されていることを特徴とするインパネリインフォースメント固定構造。 An instrument panel reinforcement comprising a pipe member extending in a width direction of the vehicle, and fixed to the vehicle;
A fixed member provided with a through hole joined to the outer peripheral surface of the pipe member;
With
A part of at least one end face of both end faces of the through hole is formed in a shape not orthogonal to the through hole direction,
Outside the both end faces of the through hole, the pipe member has a diameter larger than the inner wall of the through hole, and sandwiches the fixed member,
Accordingly, the instrument panel reinforcement fixing structure, wherein the fixed member is caulked and fixed by the pipe member.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005313184A (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Shaft member with flange |
| JP2006110609A (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Connecting structure |
| JP2006306248A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Showa Denko Kk | Steering support beam and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005313184A (en) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Shaft member with flange |
| JP2006110609A (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Connecting structure |
| JP2006306248A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Showa Denko Kk | Steering support beam and manufacturing method thereof |
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