JP2019018287A - Working apparatus and working method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a working apparatus that can perform grinding and honing by one apparatus, and is small and does not require complicated configuration.SOLUTION: The working apparatus comprises: a tool table 41 which is movable in a Z direction and in which a grinding unit 6 having a grinding stone 65 and a honing unit 7 having a honing stone 75 are provided in parallel to each other; and a work table 52 which rotatably supports a workpiece W, and feeds the workpiece W in an X direction in such a manner that the workpiece W is positioned with respect to a grinding position and a honing position. The workpiece W and the grinding stone 65 are rotated to perform the grinding, and then the workpiece W is fed to the honing position, the workpiece W is rotated and the honing stone 75 is diametrically enlarged to perform honing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining apparatus for machining a cylindrical inner surface formed on a workpiece and a machining method using the same.

  Conventionally, for example, in a cylindrical workpiece that requires high-precision machining, such as a compressor bearing, a hydraulic component, a fuel injection nozzle, etc. In addition, it is known that a honing machine dedicated to honing is provided as finishing, and the two machines are connected by a loader, a robot, or the like, and a workpiece is sent to each machine for machining. However, since two devices are provided separately, a large space is required and the equipment cost is increased. Furthermore, it takes time to position the workpiece by transferring it to the grinding device and the honing device, and time loss becomes a problem.

  Thus, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a processing apparatus including a grinding apparatus and a honing apparatus has been proposed. Specifically, a rotating plate having three arms extending radially at 120 ° intervals is provided. A grinding machine (grinding unit), a honing machine (honing unit), and a workpiece changer are arranged so as to correspond to the tip positions of these arms. Then, the processed workpiece is gripped by the tips of these arms and rotated by 120 ° to feed the workpiece, and work is performed on the workpiece positioned on each of the grinding machine, honing machine, and workpiece exchange unit. Yes.

JP 2000-127039 A

  However, in the above-mentioned conventional Patent Document 1, the work is gripped by the tips of the three arms and rotated by 120 °, and then the work is positioned on each of the grinding machine, the honing machine, and the work changer. Therefore, the structure is complicated and the equipment is enlarged, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

  The present invention has been made in view of such points, and an object of the present invention is to perform grinding and honing with a single processing apparatus, and does not require a small and complicated configuration. Is to make it.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a grinding unit and a honing unit are provided in parallel in one processing apparatus, and the rotating workpiece is moved to a corresponding position.

  Specifically, the first invention is premised on a processing apparatus for processing a cylindrical inner surface formed on a workpiece. And a tool table provided in parallel with a grinding unit having a grinding wheel and a honing unit having a honing wheel, a work table that rotatably supports the work, and the work supported by the work table. On the other hand, a tool table moving mechanism for moving the tool table so as to advance and retract the grinding wheel and the honing wheel, and the work table is moved in the parallel direction of the grinding unit and the honing unit. A workpiece feeding mechanism for feeding, and a control device for controlling at least the tool table moving mechanism and the workpiece feeding mechanism. The control device rotates the workpiece and the grinding wheel to grind the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece. After moving the above work table Feed the workpiece at a position corresponding to the honing unit Te, by diameter of the honing grindstone is configured to honing the inner cylindrical surface of said workpiece is rotated the workpiece.

  In the first aspect of the invention, a grinding unit and a honing unit are provided side by side on a tool table provided so as to advance and retreat with respect to the workpiece. Then, the work table supporting the work moves in the parallel direction. Therefore, after the tool table is advanced and retracted with respect to the rotating workpiece, the workpiece is sent to the honing unit, and the tool table is advanced and retracted with respect to the rotating workpiece and the honing can be performed. . Therefore, it is possible to perform grinding and honing on the workpiece with a single processing apparatus without requiring a complicated configuration, and work efficiency is improved. It also contributes to downsizing and cost reduction of processing equipment.

  In a second invention, in the first invention, the honing grindstone is attached to the honing unit in a non-rotating state. Here, the non-rotating state refers to a state in which the honing grindstone does not rotate about the rotation center axis of the workpiece.

  In the second aspect of the invention, the work can be honed without rotating the honing grindstone. At this time, since the work is rotating, honing can be performed by expanding the diameter of the honing grindstone. Therefore, since a mechanism for rotating the honing grindstone is not required, it is more useful for downsizing and cost reduction of the processing apparatus.

  According to a third invention, in the first or second invention, a work rotation mechanism for rotatably supporting the work with respect to the work table is provided, and the work feeding mechanism rotates the work by the work rotation mechanism. In this state, the work table is provided so as to move from the position corresponding to the grinding unit to the position corresponding to the honing unit.

  In the third aspect of the invention, the workpiece can be rotated until the workpiece is sent from the position corresponding to the grinding unit to the position corresponding to the honing unit. Therefore, since the rotation speed of the workpiece can be adjusted after the workpiece is ground and before the workpiece is sent to the honing unit and the honing is performed, the cycle time of the processing can be shortened.

  According to a fourth invention, in the first or second invention, the apparatus includes a main shaft that rotatably holds the work with respect to the work table, and a work rotation mechanism that rotates the main shaft, and the main shaft rotates the main shaft. The workpiece is held in a state in which the center axis and the rotation center axis of the workpiece coincide with each other, and the workpiece feeding mechanism is configured such that the rotation center axis of the main shaft coincides with the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone. The work table is moved to a position to be moved.

  In the fourth aspect of the invention, since the main shaft and the rotation center axis of the workpiece are held in alignment, the rotation axis of the workpiece and the honing grindstone of the honing grindstone are matched by matching the main shaft with the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone. The diameter-expanded central axis can be matched. Therefore, alignment during honing is easy, which is useful for shortening cycle time and improving work efficiency.

  In a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the processing method using any one of the first to fourth processing apparatuses, the grinding wheel is caused to enter the cylindrical inner surface side of the workpiece, and the workpiece and the grinding wheel are rotated. After grinding the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece, the workpiece is sent to a position corresponding to the honing unit while the workpiece is rotated, and the honing grindstone enters the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece. Then, the work is rotated and the diameter of the honing grindstone is increased, and the cylindrical inner surface of the work is honed.

  In this 5th invention, it can send to the position corresponding to a honing process unit in the state which rotated the workpiece | work after grinding. Therefore, honing can be performed by causing the honing grindstone to enter the cylindrical inner surface side of the workpiece and expanding the diameter, thereby improving work efficiency.

  As described above, according to the present invention, after rotating the workpiece and the grinding wheel to grind the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece, the workpiece table is moved to send the workpiece to a position corresponding to the honing unit, By rotating and expanding the diameter of the honing grindstone and honing the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece, it is possible to perform grinding and honing with a single machine, and to achieve a compact and complex configuration. You can make it unnecessary.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a working state of honing processing by the processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a working state of honing processing by the processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or its application.

  The workpiece W which is a workpiece by the processing apparatus 1 of the present invention has a cylindrical shape, and in the processing apparatus 1 of the present invention, the cylindrical inner surface W1 is processed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the processing apparatus 1 includes a rectangular parallelepiped bed 2 and a rectangular parallelepiped column 3 erected laterally on the rear side of the bed 2. It is comprised so that a side view substantially L-shape may be made. A tool guide 31 to which a tool table 41 described later is slidably attached is provided on the front side of the column 3.

  The processing apparatus 1 includes a processing unit 4 that is provided on the front side of the column 3 and processes the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the work W, and a work support unit 5 that is installed on the bed 2 and supports the work W.

  In this embodiment, the front side of the column 3 (the front side in FIG. 1) is referred to as the front side, the back side is referred to as the rear side, and the upper and lower sides are referred to as the upper side and the lower side. The right side (left side in FIG. 1) and the left side (right side in FIG. 1) are referred to as the right side and the left side, respectively. The left-right direction is referred to as the X direction, the front-rear direction is referred to as the Y direction, and the up-down direction is referred to as the Z direction.

  Next, the detailed structure of the processing apparatus 1 will be described below.

  The work support portion 5 includes a slide rail portion 51 fixed to the upper surface side of the bed 2 and a work table 52 attached to the slide rail portion 51 so as to be slidable in the X direction. A spindle 53 that holds the workpiece W and a spindle stock 54 that supports the spindle 53 are provided. The workpiece W is, for example, a magnet, a chuck, or the like, and a direction indicated by an arrow with an axis extending in the Z direction (hereinafter referred to as the Z axis) as a rotation center axis on the main shaft 53 (in FIG. 1, a counterclockwise in plan view from above). (Rotation direction) is held rotatably.

  An X-axis motor 56 that constitutes a workpiece feed mechanism, a spindle rotation motor 57 that constitutes a workpiece rotation mechanism, and a control device 58 that controls the entire processing apparatus 1 are provided inside the bed 2.

  The work table 52 is attached to the slide rail portion 51 so as to be slidable in the X direction by the operation of the X-axis motor 56. Specifically, from the inner surface grinding position where the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W is ground by the grinding unit 6 described later to the honing position where the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W is honed by the honing unit 7 described later. , Move in the X direction to send the workpiece W. The spindle 53 is supported by the work table 52 via the spindle head 54 so that the spindle 53 can rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow, that is, in the same direction as the workpiece W, with the Z axis as the rotation center axis by the operation of the spindle rotating motor 57. ing.

  At this time, the workpiece W is held on the main shaft 53 such that the rotation center axis thereof coincides with the rotation center axis of the main shaft 53. Therefore, the main shaft 53 and the workpiece W rotate with the same rotation center axis.

  The processing unit 4 includes a tool table 41 attached to a tool guide 31 fixed to the front side of the column 3 so as to be slidable in the Z direction. On the tool table 41, a grinding unit 6 and a honing unit 7 are provided in parallel in close proximity to the left and right (X direction). A Z-axis motor 42 constituting a tool table moving mechanism is provided inside the column 3.

  The grinding unit 6 includes a rectangular internal grinding body 61 attached to the front side of the tool table 41, an internal grinding support 62 attached to the further front side of the internal grinding body 61, and an internal grinding support. A motor 63 provided inside 62, a grinding wheel shaft 64 attached to the lower side of the motor 63, and a grinding wheel 65 attached to the lower end of the grinding wheel shaft 64 are provided. The grinding wheel shaft 64 is attached so as to be rotatable in a direction indicated by an arrow with the Z axis as a rotation center axis (in FIG. 1, a clockwise direction in plan view from above). By the operation of the motor 63, the grinding wheel shaft 64 rotates clockwise in plan view around the Z axis, and the grinding wheel 65 rotates together with the grinding wheel shaft 64. The grinding wheel 65 has a cylindrical shape, and the outer diameter thereof is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder of the workpiece W. The grinding wheel 65 is advanced into the cylinder of the workpiece W and is rotated with the workpiece W while being pressed against the cylindrical inner surface W1, whereby the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W is ground. At this time, the rotation direction of the workpiece W is counterclockwise in plan view, that is, the rotation directions of the grinding wheel shaft 64 and the workpiece W are opposite to each other, so that the number of rotations is relatively increased and high-precision machining is performed. It can be done. Note that the workpiece W may be rotated clockwise by rotating the grinding wheel shaft 64 counterclockwise.

  The honing unit 7 includes a rectangular honing main body 71 attached to the front side of the tool table 41, a honing support 72 attached to the front side of the honing main body 71, and the honing support 72. A support shaft 73 provided extending in the direction, a honing grindstone shaft 74 attached to the lower portion of the support shaft 73, and a honing grindstone 75 provided further below the honing grindstone shaft 74. The support shaft 73, the honing grindstone shaft 74, and the honing grindstone 75 are attached to the honing support portion 72 in a non-rotating state. That is, the honing grindstone 75 is attached to the honing processing unit 7 without rotating around the Z axis.

  The control device 58 controls the operation of various devices of the processing device 1. In this embodiment, for example, the Z-axis motor 42 constituting the tool table moving mechanism, the X-axis motor 56 constituting the work feeding mechanism, It is provided so as to control a spindle rotating motor 57 constituting the workpiece rotating mechanism.

  Next, the detailed structure of the honing unit 7 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The honing grindstone 75 includes a holding frame 79 integrally formed at the lower end of the honing grindstone shaft 74, and a grindstone piece 78 that enters and exits from a slit 79 a formed at the lower portion of the holding frame 79.

  Inside the honing grindstone shaft 74 and the holding frame 79, for example, a drive shaft 76 that can slide up and down (Z direction) by NC control, hydraulic pressure, or the like is provided. Two conical tapered portions 77 that are reduced in diameter downward are provided at the lower portion of the drive shaft 76.

  At least one grindstone piece 78 is provided in the circumferential direction of the honing grindstone 75. For example, a plurality of grindstone pieces 78 are arranged at equal intervals. The grindstone piece 78 includes a tapered surface 78 a that can contact the tapered surface 77 a of the tapered portion 77 of the drive shaft 76. The honing grindstone 75 expands the diameter around the Z axis by the grindstone piece 78 entering and exiting from the slit 79 a formed in the holding frame 79. Hereinafter, the Z-axis that is the center of the expansion is referred to as the expansion central axis.

  Specifically, when the taper portion 77 (drive shaft 76) slides downward in the Z direction, the grindstone piece 78 in contact with the taper portion 77 protrudes to the outer side in the circumferential direction around the enlarged diameter central axis, and the honing grindstone 75 expands in diameter. Further, as the taper portion 77 slides upward in the Z direction, the grindstone piece 78 that contacts the taper portion 77 is retracted inward in the circumferential direction around the center axis of the enlarged diameter so that the honing grindstone 75 returns to the original diameter. It has become. When honing the workpiece W, the grindstone piece 78 of the honing grindstone 75 that has entered the cylinder of the workpiece W pops out, that is, in a state where the diameter of the honing grindstone 75 expands and contacts the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W. As the workpiece W rotates, honing can be performed.

  Next, the state of the machining operation of the workpiece W will be described.

  When grinding the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W, as shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece W held in the same manner as the main shaft 53 and the rotation center axis corresponds to the grinding unit 6, that is, the grinding unit 6 The X-axis motor 56 is actuated to move the work table 52 in the X direction so that the work table 52 is moved to the inner surface grinding position opposite to. At this time, the main shaft 53 and the workpiece W are rotated by the operation of the main shaft rotation motor 57. Then, the tool table 41 is lowered in the Z-axis direction by the operation of the Z-axis motor 42 in a state where the workpiece W is at the inner surface grinding position. Then, the grinding wheel 65 enters the cylinder of the workpiece W. Then, by the operation of the motor 63, the grinding wheel 65 is pressed against the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the rotating workpiece W while rotating around the Z axis, and the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W is ground. Note that after the grinding wheel 65 has entered the cylinder of the workpiece W, the workpiece W may be rotated about the Z axis. Further, after the grinding wheel 65 has entered the cylinder of the workpiece W, the grinding wheel 65 may be rotated. However, in order to shorten the processing time, the grinding wheel 65 is rotated while the grinding wheel 65 is rotated. It is preferable to enter the cylinder.

  Then, after this grinding process, the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W is honed. Specifically, the tool table 41 is raised in the Z-axis direction by the operation of the Z-axis motor 42 and returned to the state shown in FIG. That is, the grinding wheel 65 is retracted from the cylinder of the workpiece W. Then, the X-axis motor 56 is operated while the workpiece W is rotating, so that the workpiece W is positioned at a position corresponding to the honing processing unit 7, that is, at a honing processing position facing the honing processing unit 7. Then, the work table 52 is moved in the X direction (FIG. 2).

  At this time, since the rotation center axis of the workpiece W and the rotation center axis of the main shaft 53 are in agreement, the rotation center axis of the main shaft 53 coincides with the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone 75. By moving it to the position to be moved, the rotation center axis of the workpiece W and the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone 75 coincide with each other. Therefore, the workpiece W can be easily positioned at the honing position, and can be positioned with high accuracy and in a short time.

  In addition, since the workpiece W is sent to the honing position while the workpiece W is still rotating, for example, the rotation speed of the workpiece W can be adjusted while the workpiece W is moving or positioned to the honing position. Therefore, cycle time can be shortened.

  When the workpiece W is positioned at the honing position, the tool table 41 is lowered in the Z-axis direction by the operation of the Z-axis motor 42. Then, the honing grindstone 75 enters the cylinder of the workpiece W. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the diameter of the honing grindstone 75 is increased in the circumferential direction about the diameter-expanded central axis and brought into contact with the cylindrical inner surface W <b> 1 of the workpiece W. At this time, since the workpiece W remains in a rotating state, the workpiece W rotates while the honing grindstone 75 is in contact with the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W, thereby honing the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W. it can.

  Thus, according to this embodiment, the grinding unit 6 and the honing unit 7 are provided in parallel on the left and right on the tool table 41 that reciprocates in the Z direction by the operation of the Z-axis motor 42. Therefore, the grinding unit 6 and the honing unit 7 can be reciprocated in the Z direction by one Z-axis motor 42. In addition, since the honing grindstone 75 is attached to the honing processing unit 7 in a non-rotating state and the work W is rotated, the honing is performed on the work W only by moving the honing grindstone 75 in the Z direction and expanding the diameter. It is not necessary to provide a mechanism for rotating the honing grindstone 75 separately. Therefore, since a complicated structure is not required, it is useful for downsizing and cost reduction of the processing apparatus 1, and grinding and honing can be performed with one processing apparatus 1.

  Conventionally, the honing grindstone 75 is rotated, and the cylindrical inner surface W1 of the workpiece W is honed. When the honing grindstone 75 is rotated and entered into the cylinder of the workpiece W, the honing grindstone 75 may fly due to the action of centrifugal force. Therefore, conventionally, since the honing grindstone 75 is set in a non-rotating state and then entered into the cylinder of the workpiece W, and then the honing grindstone 75 is rotated, it takes time to start the honing process. On the other hand, in this invention, since the honing process unit 7 side is not rotated, a centrifugal force does not act. And since the workpiece | work W side is rotated, only the operation | movement which descends with respect to the positioned workpiece | work W and expands a diameter is enough. As a result, the time until the honing process is started can be shortened.

  In general, in positioning in the honing process, for example, an error in centering work or an error in each mechanical part between the axis center of the rotation center axis of the main shaft 53 and the workpiece W and the axis center of the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone 75 are obtained. A deviation of several μm may occur due to thermal deformation or the like. In such a case, since the honing grindstone 75 does not rotate in this embodiment, even in such a case, the grindstone piece 78 wears unevenly to absorb the shift of the shaft center.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, when a deviation of several μm occurs between the axis 53 of the main shaft 53 and the rotation center axis of the workpiece W and the axis center C2 of the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone 75, Uneven wear (filled portion) of several μm occurs on the three grindstone pieces 78 that are in contact with the cylindrical inner surface W1 (one-dot chain line portion) of the workpiece W. In FIG. 4, the amount of deviation and uneven wear is exaggerated for easy understanding. As a result, the Z axis center of the honing grindstone 75 based on the outer periphery of the worn grindstone piece 78 coincides with the rotation axis centers of the main shaft 53 and the workpiece W. That is, the amount of wear of the three grindstone pieces 78 is different by an amount corresponding to the deviation of the axis center. Therefore, even if there is a slight deviation between the axis center of the main shaft 53 and the rotation center axis of the workpiece W and the axis center of the diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone 75, highly accurate machining is possible.

(Other embodiments)
In the present embodiment, the work table 52 of the work support unit 5 is movable in the X direction and the grinding unit 6 and the honing unit 7 are movable in the Z direction. However, the moving direction is not limited to this. . For example, at least one of them may be provided to be movable in the front-rear direction, that is, the Y direction.

  In this embodiment, the X direction is the left-right direction, the Y direction is the front-rear direction, and the Z direction is the up-down direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the X direction is the up-down direction. May be.

  In this embodiment, after the grinding process is finished, the honing process is started by sending it to the honing process position while maintaining the rotation of the workpiece W. The rotation of the workpiece W may be stopped once.

  In the present embodiment, the X-axis motor 56, the spindle rotation motor 57, and the control device 58 are provided inside the bed 2, but the installation location is not limited to this and may be externally attached.

  In this embodiment, the Z-axis motor is provided as the tool table moving mechanism, the X-axis motor is provided as the work feed mechanism, and the main spindle rotation motor is provided as the work rotation mechanism. It is not limited to motors.

1 Processing device 41 Tool table 42 Z-axis motor (tool table moving mechanism)
52 Work table 53 Spindle 56 X-axis motor (work feed mechanism)
57 Spindle rotation motor (work rotation mechanism)
58 Control device 6 Grinding unit 65 Grinding wheel 7 Honing unit 75 Honing wheel W Work W1 Cylindrical inner surface

Claims (5)

In the processing device that processes the cylindrical inner surface formed on the workpiece,
A tool table provided in parallel with a grinding unit having a grinding wheel and a honing unit having a honing wheel;
A work table that rotatably supports the work;
A tool table moving mechanism for moving the tool table so as to advance and retract the grinding wheel and the honing wheel with respect to the work supported by the work table;
A workpiece feed mechanism for moving the workpiece table in the parallel direction of the grinding unit and the honing unit and feeding the workpiece;
A control device for controlling at least the tool table moving mechanism and the work feeding mechanism;
The control device rotates the work and the grinding wheel to grind the cylindrical inner surface of the work, and then moves the work table to send the work to a position corresponding to the honing unit. And a honing process for expanding the diameter of the honing grindstone and honing the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece. In claim 1,
The honing grindstone is attached to the honing processing unit in a non-rotating state. In claim 1 or 2,
A work rotation mechanism that rotatably supports the work with respect to the work table;
The workpiece feeding mechanism moves the workpiece table so that the workpiece is fed from a position corresponding to the grinding unit to a position corresponding to the honing unit while the workpiece is rotated by the workpiece rotating mechanism. A processing apparatus characterized by being provided. In claim 1 or 2,
A main shaft that rotatably holds the work with respect to the work table, and a work rotation mechanism that rotates the main shaft,
The main shaft is configured to hold the workpiece in a state in which the rotation center axis of the main shaft and the rotation center axis of the workpiece coincide with each other.
The processing apparatus, wherein the work feed mechanism moves the work table to a position where a rotation center axis of the main shaft coincides with a diameter expansion center axis of the honing grindstone. In the processing method using the processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
After allowing the grinding wheel to enter the cylindrical inner surface side of the workpiece and rotating the workpiece and the grinding wheel to grind the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece,
The workpiece is sent to a position corresponding to the honing unit while the workpiece is rotated.
The honing grindstone is made to enter the cylindrical inner surface side of the workpiece, the workpiece is rotated, the honing grindstone is expanded, and the cylindrical inner surface of the workpiece is honed. Processing method.