JP2019000772A - 排ガス処理装置 - Google Patents
排ガス処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019000772A JP2019000772A JP2017115747A JP2017115747A JP2019000772A JP 2019000772 A JP2019000772 A JP 2019000772A JP 2017115747 A JP2017115747 A JP 2017115747A JP 2017115747 A JP2017115747 A JP 2017115747A JP 2019000772 A JP2019000772 A JP 2019000772A
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
- B01D53/40—Acidic components
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- B01D2259/414—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents
- B01D2259/4141—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed
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- B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
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Abstract
Description
過熱蒸気生成パイプは、通電によって熱を発生可能な材料から形成され、排ガスを流通可能な流路(200,400)を有する。過熱蒸気生成パイプは、熱によって流路を流れる排ガスに含まれる水分を過熱蒸気とする。
ハウジングは、過熱蒸気生成パイプを収容可能に設けられ、流路に導入される前の排ガスを流通可能に形成されている。ハウジングは、過熱蒸気生成部の熱によって排ガスを予備加熱可能である。
このように、本発明の排ガス処理装置では、過熱蒸気生成パイプが外側に向けて放出する熱によって流路に導入される前の排ガスを予備加熱するとともに、過熱蒸気によって流路を高温の還元雰囲気としダイオキシン及び窒素酸化物を還元分解する。これにより、本発明の排ガス処理装置は、触媒や添加物を用いることなく、簡易な構成で複数種の環境汚染物質を排ガスから除去することができる。
第一実施形態による排ガス処理装置を図1〜3に基づいて説明する。第一実施形態による排ガス処理装置1は、タンカーに適用される。図1に、排ガス処理装置1が適用されるタンカー5の模式図を示す。タンカー5が備えるエンジン6は、燃料タンク7から送られる重油(図1の実線矢印F7)を燃焼し、タンカー5の推進力を発生する。エンジン6での重油の燃焼によって発生する排ガス(図1の実線矢印F8)は、排ガス処理装置1において環境汚染物質が除去され、タンカー5の外に排出される。このとき、排ガスF8には、重油の燃焼によって発生するダイオキシン、窒素酸化物、硫黄酸化物、酸ヒュームなどの環境汚染物質の他に、水分が含まれている。
収容空間100は、過熱蒸気生成パイプ20の一部を収容可能に形成されている。
導入口101は、ハウジング10の外壁に形成され、収容空間100とハウジング10の外側とを連通可能である。導入口101には、排ガスF8を収容空間100に導入可能な導入配管11が設けられている。
ハウジング10の外壁には、断熱材12が設けられている。
筒部21及び突部221,222,223,224は、図2の実線矢印F13で示すように流れる排ガスが通る流路200を形成する。
フィルタケーシング301は、中空状の形状をなしており、第一フィルタ31及び第二フィルタ32を収容している。
エンジン6の排ガスF8が導入配管11を介して収容空間100に流入すると、ハウジング10内の排ガスは、図2の実線矢印F11,F12に示すように、ハウジング10の導入口101が形成される側から導入口101が形成される側とは反対側に向かって過熱蒸気生成パイプ20の周囲を流れる。このとき、過熱蒸気生成パイプ20の周囲を流れる排ガスF11,F12は、過熱蒸気生成パイプ20が外側に向けて放出する熱によって予備加熱される。収容空間100で予備加熱された排ガスは、過熱蒸気生成パイプ20の排ガス入口211を介して流路200に流入する。
このように、排ガス処理装置1は、過熱蒸気生成パイプ20が放出する熱によって流路200に導入される前の排ガスを予備加熱するとともに、過熱蒸気によって流路200を高温の還元雰囲気としダイオキシン及び窒素酸化物を還元分解する。これにより、排ガス処理装置1は、触媒や添加物を用いることなく、簡易な構成でダイオキシン及び窒素酸化物を排ガスから除去することができる。
第二実施形態による排ガス処理装置を図4,5に基づき説明する。第二実施形態では、過熱蒸気生成パイプの形状及び受熱部を備えている点が第一実施形態と異なる。
排ガス入口411は、収容空間100において導入口101が形成される側の過熱蒸気生成パイプ40の端部に形成されている。
排ガス出口412は、ハウジング10の導入口101が形成される側とは反対側からハウジング10の外側に突出する端部に形成されている。
流路400は、排ガス入口411と排ガス出口412とを連通する。流路400は、螺旋状に形成されている。
エンジン6の排ガスF8が導入配管11を介して収容空間100に流入すると、ハウジング10内の排ガスは、図4の実線矢印F21,F22に示すように、ハウジング10の導入口101が形成される側から導入口101が形成される側とは反対側に向かって受熱部50の径外方向を流れる。このとき、受熱部50の径外方向を流れる排ガスは、過熱蒸気生成パイプ40が外側に向けて放出する熱に受けて加熱された受熱部50によって一次予備加熱される。収容空間100で一次予備加熱された排ガスは、開口503を介して受熱部50内に流入する。
第三実施形態による排ガス処理装置を図6に基づき説明する。第三実施形態では、排ガス処理装置が適用される分野が第一実施形態と異なる。
熱源生成炉91は、熱分解炉92において熱分解の対象となる、例えば、バイオマスを加熱可能な熱源を生成する。第三実施形態の熱源生成炉91は、例えば、燃料を燃焼することによって比較的高温のガスを発生させる。熱分解システム90では、この高温ガスを「熱源」として、バイオマスの熱分解を行う。熱源生成炉91で発生する高温ガスは、配管911を通って熱分解炉92内に導入される。
過熱蒸気生成パイプ20から排出されたガスは、フィルタ部30に導入される。フィルタ部30では、排ガスに含まれる硫黄化合物ガスや酸ヒュームが吸収される。フィルタ部30から排出されるガスF95は、熱分解システム90の外部に排出される。熱分解システム90の外部に排出されたガスF95は、貯留されたり、発電に利用されたりする。
また、第三実施形態による排ガス処理装置1では、収容空間100における予備加熱及び過熱蒸気生成パイプ20における加熱によって排ガスを比較的高温まで昇温することができる。これにより、バイオマスの熱分解処理によって発生するタールなどの比較的分解しにくい有機化合物を可燃性ガスに分解することができる。したがって、第三実施形態は、熱分解処理において効率的に可燃性ガスを発生することができる。
第一、二実施形態では、排ガス処理装置は、タンカーの排ガス浄化に用いるとした。また、第三実施形態では、バイオマスの熱分解処理によって発生する排ガスの処理に用いるとした。しかしながら、排ガス処理装置が適用される場面はこれに限定されない。自動車のエンジンにおける燃料の燃焼や都市ゴミの焼却処理、有機化合物の熱処理などによって発生する排ガスであって、水分を含む排ガスであればよい。
10・・・ハウジング
20,40・・・過熱蒸気生成パイプ
200,400・・・流路
Claims (5)
- 水分を含む排ガスを浄化可能な排ガス処理装置であって、
通電によって熱を発生可能な材料から形成され、排ガスを流通可能な流路(200,400)を有し、当該熱によって前記流路を流れる排ガスに含まれる水分を過熱蒸気とする過熱蒸気生成パイプ(20,40)と、
前記過熱蒸気生成パイプを収容可能に設けられ、前記流路に導入される前の排ガスを流通可能に形成され、前記過熱蒸気生成パイプの熱によって排ガスを予備加熱可能なハウジング(10)と、
を備える排ガス処理装置。 - 前記過熱蒸気生成パイプは、前記流路の外郭となる筒部(21)、及び、前記筒部の内壁面(213)から径内方向に突出する突部(221,222,223,224)を有する請求項1に記載の排ガス処理装置。
- 前記過熱蒸気生成パイプは、螺旋状に形成され、
前記流路に導入される前の排ガスは、螺旋状の前記過熱蒸気生成パイプの内側(413)を通る請求項1または2に記載の排ガス処理装置。 - 前記過熱蒸気生成パイプの外側に設けられ、前記過熱蒸気生成パイプの熱によって加熱可能な受熱部(50)をさらに備え、
前記受熱部は、前記ハウジング内を流れる排ガスを予備加熱可能である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス処理装置。 - 前記排ガスに含まれる所定の成分を吸着可能な活性炭(311)、及び、前記排ガスに含まれる酸ヒュームを吸収可能なアパタイト(321)の少なくとも一つを有するフィルタ部(30)をさらに備える請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス処理装置。
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