JP2018526428A - 養子t細胞療法と腫瘍溶解性ウイルス補助療法とを組み合わせる方法 - Google Patents
養子t細胞療法と腫瘍溶解性ウイルス補助療法とを組み合わせる方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
患者自身の悪性腫瘍及び免疫アジュバントを含むワクチンを患者にワクチン接種すること、
患者のリンパ組織、末梢血又は癌組織から初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球を単離すること、
in vitroで初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球をエフェクターTリンパ球に分化させるために刺激すること、
in vitroでエフェクターTリンパ球を増殖するために刺激すること、及び
エフェクターTリンパ球を患者に戻し注入すること。
ナイーブな宿主をウイルスの様な外来物質に曝すと、疾患部位に局部的な炎症、並びに最終的に抗原初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球及びリンパ組織から血液への抗体の放出を誘導する全身免疫応答の発達を含む、イベントのカスケードが起こる。外来因子が発症する免疫応答を回避する防御メカニズムを発達させていない限り、抗原初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球は病変組織に入り、エフェクターTリンパ球に分化して因子を排出する。因子が、Tリンパ球、すなわち、偏性細胞内寄生体によって排出される因子の1つである場合、Tリンパ球は炎症を起こした疾患組織に入り、外来因子由来の抗原を発現する活性化抗原提示細胞に遭遇し、及び抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球に分化するように活性化される。これらの活性化された抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球は、一般に外来因子に感染した細胞を死滅させることによって、外来因子の排出をもたらす局所イベントのカスケードを開始する。
本発明は、癌微小環境における有意な炎症誘発性及び免疫刺激性の変化を生じるための腫瘍溶解性ウイルス送達を組み入れ、これは、養子移植された癌の新抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球がより効果的に作用することを可能にする。全身的、局所的及び/又は直接的に送達される腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、癌組織に入り、癌細胞に入り、溶解を引き起こす、これは、病原体関連分子パターン(PAMPs)及び危険関連分子パターン(DAMPs)の放出をもたらす。これらの変化は、自然免疫系の活性化をもたらし、局所抗原提示細胞前駆体を抗原提示細胞に変換すること、及び専門的な抗原提示細胞(例えば、単球、マクロファージ、樹状細胞)を癌組織に浸潤させることにより、すなわち、追加の抗原提示細胞を補充することにより変更される可能性が高い。加えて、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスはまた、癌組織関連マクロファージに入り、抗原提示細胞への発達を刺激し得る。得られた癌微小環境の変化は、注入された癌新抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球が、癌組織へ到着した後の常在性サプレッサー細胞/因子によって抑制されるエフェクター機能を有することを防止し、それにより、より多くのTリンパ球が局所的に産生される、及びこれらTリンパ球は、癌新抗原発現細胞、すなわち癌細胞をより効果的に殺傷することが出来る。
TVAX免疫療法を利用する本発明の特定の実施形態において、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、患者自身の悪性腫瘍をワクチン接種する代わりにワクチン接種として注射される。適切な腫瘍溶解性ウイルスには、以下のセクション5に記載するワクチニアウイルス及び他のウイルスが含まれる。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスによるワクチン接種は、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを用いる単一のワクチン接種、又は最初のワクチン接種後に1つ又はそれ以上の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスブースターワクチン接種(工程4のみで表される)、又は図1の投与経路Aにおいて、工程5と組み合わせ、の何れかで単独ワクチン接種の単独ワクチン接種法であり得る。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、注入若しくは直接注射の何れかで、又は上記の組み合わせで、漸進的に局所的に及び/又は悪性腫瘍に直接投与され得る。実施形態の1つにおいて、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、腫瘍内の一次ワクチン接種として、及び他の経路のいくつかを介したブースターワクチン接種の両方として投与され得る。様々な注入タイミングは、癌のタイプに応じて比較的広い範囲にわたって変化し得るが、一般的に、1〜2週間の期間で分離され得る。ワクチン接種及びブースターには、同一又は異なる腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを使用することが出来る。
図1の投与経路Aの工程1で表されるように、患者自身の悪性腫瘍を外科的に除去する前に腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを注射することにより、TVAX免疫療法プロトコールにおけるワクチン接種工程を強化することが出来る。癌感染は、癌微小環境の免疫抑制特性の低下をもたらし、免疫刺激をもたらす。その結果、患者から高い割合の癌新抗原特異的Tリンパ球を得ることが出来る。再注入されたエフェクターTリンパ球の全体的な収量(及び品質)が向上される。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、全身的に、局所的に、及び/又は直接的に悪性腫瘍に注入又は直接注射の何れかで投与され得る。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、外科的除去の2週間前、7日前、又はその日のうちに、好ましくは除去の7日以内に患者に投与することが出来る。適切な腫瘍溶解性ウイルスには、以下のセクション5で記載するワクチニアウイルス及び他のウイルスが含まれる。この実施形態において腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを投与することが、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの使用を含む1つ又はそれ以上の他の工程と組み合わされる場合、同一又は異なる腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを各工程で使用しても良い。
図1の投与経路Aの工程2で表されるように、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを、上記のように、微小残存病変の排出を改善し、抗癌免疫応答の生成を刺激することでTVAX免疫療法における患者自身の悪性腫瘍の除去(例えば腫瘍減量手術)後に癌床に投与することが出来る。このような除去と同時に、直後に、又はすぐ後に腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを適用すると、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの抗癌効果のために転移のより良好な制御をもたらす結果になる(癌段階に依存する)。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを、全身的に、局所的に、及び/又は直接悪性腫瘍に注入若しくは直接注射の何れかで、好ましくは静脈内に投与することが出来る。好ましくは、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、注入又は直接注射として癌床に直接投与される。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、外科的除去の1ヶ月後以内、2週間後以内、7日後以内又はその日のうちに、好ましくは除去後2週間以内に患者に投与され得る。適切な腫瘍溶解性ウイルスには、以下のセクション5に記載するワクチニアウイルス及び他のウイルスが含まれる。この実施形態において腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを投与することが、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの使用を含む1つ又はそれ以上の他の工程と組み合わされる場合、同一又は異なる腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを、各工程で使用してもよい。
図1の投与経路Aの工程3で表されるように、TVAX免疫療法における癌細胞と腫瘍溶解性ウイルス(例えば、ワクチニアウイルス)とのex vivoでの組み合わせにおいて、及び皮内ワクチン接種のために組み合わせたウイルス/癌細胞を使用するさらなる機会が存在する。これは、癌ワクチンの改善をもたらし、他の免疫アジュバント(例えば、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF))の使用の減少を可能にする。そのようなプロセスにおいて、癌細胞は単にワクチンとして再注射されるウイルスと混合することが出来る。あるいは、癌細胞を、ワクチンとして患者に再注射する前に、ex vivoで腫瘍溶解性ウイルスに感染させることが出来る。癌細胞を、細胞培養培地中で、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスと癌細胞を混合し、一定期間、例えば60分間培養することによって感染させることが出来る。本明細書で使用される場合、ウイルス/癌細胞の組み合わせという用語は、混合癌細胞及び感染癌細胞の両方を包含する。
図1の投与経路A、B及びCの工程8で表されるように、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子細胞移植療法における養子細胞移植によって、患者にex vivo活性化エフェクターTリンパ球を注入した後に、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを投与することが出来る。この腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの投与は、経時的に不活性になっている可能性のある癌細胞関連Tリンパ球の再刺激をもたらし得る。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを、患者がエフェクターTリンパ球を注入されてから60日以内、30日以内、2週間以内又は7日以内に投与することが出来る。腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを、全身的に、局所的に、及び/又は直接悪性腫瘍に注入若しくは直接注射の何れかで、好ましくは静脈内に投与することが出来る。
図1の投与経路A、B及びCにおける工程7で表されるように、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子細胞移植療法において注入されたTリンパ球等の改変癌標的細胞を介して送達され得る。細胞は、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスのためのフェリーとして作用するだけでなく、患者の血液中の抗体及び/又は抗体による攻撃からウイルス量を保護する。結果として、より多くの量の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが癌及びその転移に送達され、それによってTリンパ球の治療効果が増強される。腫瘍溶解性ウイルス及びエフェクターTリンパ球は、注入前にin vitroで共に混合され得る。ウイルスは、Tリンパ球に付着し、及び/又はTリンパ球に感染する、及びTリンパ球は、注入後にウイルスを癌に運ぶ。
TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子細胞移入療法における使用のさらなる追加の実施形態には、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスによるペイロード(payloads)の送達が含まれる(例えば、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスのゲノムにコードされるサイトカイン、又は癌関連(新)抗原の追加の発現)。これは、様々な提案された使用工程の何れかで腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの効果を増大させることができ、及び/又はより大きな治療上の利益を生じる能力を有するTリンパ球サブセットの優先生産の結果を有し得る特定の方向の免疫応答を、例えば細胞傷害性Tリンパ球の優勢な免疫応答に向けて誘導することが出来る。
免疫調節化合物は、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子免疫移植療法におけるT細胞免疫療法効果を増強するために、本発明のプロセスにおける様々な工程で使用することが出来る。免疫調節化合物は、単一工程又は複数工程で使用することができ、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの1回又はそれ以上の投与と組み合わせて使用することが出来る。免疫調節化合物を、全身的に、局所的に及び/又は直接的に注入によって若しくは直接注射によっての何れか、好ましくは静脈内で悪性腫瘍に投与することが出来る。より多くの免疫調節化合物が複数の工程で使用される場合、各工程で使用される免疫調節化合物は、同一又は異なっていてもよく、各工程の投与経路は、同一又は異なっていてもよい。
免疫調節化合物には2つの主要なクラスがある:免疫阻害シグナル伝達分子(例えば、ICI)の機能を妨害する化合物、及び免疫刺激性シグナル伝達分子(例えば、共刺激分子アゴニスト)を活性化する/増強する化合物。本明細書のワクチン接種及び養子T細胞免疫療法において、それら免疫調節化合物は、治療効果を増大させる重要な役割を果たすことが出来る。
図1の投与経路Aの工程(a)によって示されるように、TVAX免疫療法においてそれら自身の癌細胞をワクチン接種された患者に非ウイルス免疫調節化合物を投与すると、癌新抗原特異的抗原に対するTリンパ球応答が増大する可能性がある。免疫調節化合物のタイプ(例えば、ICI又は共刺激分子アゴニスト)に依存して、癌新抗原特異的Tリンパ球が枯渇/アネルギー性になるのを防ぎ、調節表現型(regulatory phenotype)への分化を防ぎ、及び/又はi)より多くのエフェクターTリンパ球(増殖能の改善)及び/又はii)より強力なエフェクター細胞(改善された抗癌効果)、に増殖することが出来るようにゆがめられ得る。
図1の投与経路A、B及びCにおける工程(b)によって示されるように、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子細胞移入療法において、初回抗原刺激を受けた癌新抗原特異的Tリンパ球のex vivo活性化/増殖に対して免疫調節化合物を加えることは、より強力な抗癌エフェクターTリンパ球注入製品をもたらす。免疫調節化合物は、Tリンパ球の枯渇及びアネルギーを防止し、及び/又は培養期間中にさらなる刺激をもたらし、これは、大多数のエフェクターTリンパ球及び/又は効力の大きい癌新抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球の産生を導く。
図1の投与経路A、B及びCにおける工程(c)によって示されるように、エフェクターTリンパ球の養子細胞移植の間の免疫調節化合物の混注は、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子細胞移植療法における抗癌効果の増大をもたらし得る。免疫調節化合物は、体内、特に癌組織内において、i)数の増加及びii)癌新抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球の延長された持続性をもたらし得る。さらに、注入されたTリンパ球は、枯渇及び/又はアネルギーとなることから防がれる。
図1の投与経路A、B及びCにおける工程(d)によって示されるように、免疫調節化合物は、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子免疫送達療法におけるTリンパ球の養子細胞移植後に1回又は数回、送達され得る。これにより、抗癌効果が増強される。混注に関して先に上述したものと同様に、免疫調節化合物は、体内、特に癌組織内において、i)数の増加及びii)癌新抗原特異的エフェクターTリンパ球の延長された持続性をもたらし得る。さらに、注入されたTリンパ球は、枯渇及び/又はアネルギーとなることから防がれる。
別の養子T細胞免疫療法調製及び/又はプレコンディショニング処置(リンパ球枯渇及び/又は照射)並びに腫瘍溶解性ウイルスとの同時処置は、TVAX免疫療法又は他の養子免疫療法における免疫調節化合物の使用を含む治療スケジュールに組み込むことが出来る他の治療組み合わせである。
腫瘍溶解性ウイルスは、癌細胞に蓄積し、癌細胞で複製するウイルスである。癌細胞においてそれらの複製の効力及び腫瘍溶解性ウイルスによってコードされる治療剤の任意の送達によって、癌細胞が溶解される。癌組織のウイルス感染の影響は、癌が縮小し、時には排除されることである。この感染プロセスの一部として、炎症反応が生じ、免疫抑制性の癌微小環境が免疫刺激環境に転換される。
Tリンパ球の増殖能力、分化及び/又は活性に影響する多数の免疫調節経路が存在する。一般的に、これらの経路は、免疫チェックポイントタンパク質を標的とすることを通してTリンパ球のエフェクター機能を阻害するか、又はTリンパ球及び/又は例えばマクロファージ、NK細胞及び樹状細胞等の免疫補助細胞の活性化を介して共刺激タンパク質を介してエフェクター機能を強化するかの何れかを説明する。
本発明のプロセスで治療され得る疾患及び状態は、癌性細胞、新生物、癌並びに転移の治療を含む、癌及び増殖性障害若しくは状態を含む。本明細書で使用される場合、癌は、固形癌、転移性癌、リンパ性癌、並びに血液癌を含む、何れかのタイプの悪性腫瘍によって引き起こされるか又は特徴付けられる疾患の用語である。癌の例は、限定されないが、白血病、リンパ腫、膵臓癌、肺癌、卵巣癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、膀胱癌、前立腺癌、脳癌、腺癌、肝臓癌及び皮膚癌を含む。ヒトにおける癌の例は、膀胱癌、乳癌、前立腺癌、基底細胞癌、胆道癌、膀胱癌、骨癌、脳及び中枢神経系の癌(例えば、神経膠腫)、腺癌、肺癌、子宮頸癌、絨毛癌、結腸癌及び直腸癌、結合組織癌、消化器系の癌; 小腸及び盲腸の癌; 子宮内膜癌、食道癌; 眼癌; 頭頸部の癌; 胃癌; 上皮内新生物; 腎臓癌; 喉頭癌; 白血病; 肝臓癌; 胆嚢癌肺癌(例えば、小細胞及び非小細胞); ホジキンリンパ腫及び非ホジキンリンパ腫を含むリンパ腫; メラノーマ; 骨髄腫、神経芽細胞腫、口腔癌(例えば、唇、舌、口、及び咽頭); 唾液腺の癌; 卵巣癌; 膵臓癌、網膜芽細胞腫; 横紋筋肉腫; 直腸癌、腎臓癌、呼吸器系の癌; 肉腫、皮膚癌; 胃癌、精巣癌、甲状腺癌; 子宮癌、泌尿器系の癌、並びに他の癌腫及び肉腫、を含む。
工程1: ワクチン接種
本発明の第1工程は、患者自身の悪性腫瘍からの抗原による患者のワクチン接種である。固形悪性腫瘍を有する患者において、少なくとも一部の癌を外科的に除去して、悪性細胞の単一細胞懸濁液を作製する。摘出標本は、様々なライフサイエンス製品会社によって製造された酵素で酵素消化される。血液性悪性腫瘍又は胸腺、心膜又は腹水の遊離細胞による固形悪性腫瘍を有する患者において、悪性細胞は、血液、骨髄、胸膜又は心膜からの滲出液、又は腹水から得られる。単離された悪性細胞は、局所成長を防ぐために放射線照射される。ワクチン接種が行われるまで細胞を凍結保存する。
TVAX免疫療法の第2工程は、免疫された患者からのTリンパ球の活性化を含む。局所免疫は、免疫部位を排出するリンパ組織における初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球の産生をもたらす。次いで、初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球は、リンパ組織から血液中に放出され、それらは疾患活動性の部位に運ばれる。初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球が血液中に放出されるので、末梢血は、新生血管特異的Tリンパ球エフェクター前駆体の確実な供給源を提供する。末梢血リンパ球を得るための好ましい方法は、アフェレーシスによるものである。あるいは、初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球は、免疫後にリンパ様組織又は癌組織から得ることが出来る。
好ましい実施形態において、Tリンパ球の活性化及び増殖は、in vitro培養中にTリンパ球活性化剤によって促進される接着性単球及び非接着Tリンパ球との間の協力的相互作用の結果として起こる。末梢血単核白血球細胞(Tリンパ球及び単球の豊富な供給源)は、自己血清を含有する細胞培養培地中の細胞付着を可能にする細胞培養容器中で培養される。
刺激された細胞を培養物から回収した後、細胞を静脈内に注入する。患者は一般に、約1〜6時間の間の期間に約1010〜1012のリンパ球を注入されるが、投与される単核細胞の数は、増殖工程中に生成される細胞の数にみに依存する。1012を超える自己リンパ球が癌患者に安全に注入されている。リンパ球には、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを前処置することも出来る(強化された送達)。Tリンパ球注入は、一般に腫瘍患者への腫瘍溶解性ウイルス注射(全身、局所及び/又は腫瘍内)後に実施されるが、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス注射の前に行うことも出来る。加えて、免疫調節化合物の投与との組み合わせが可能であり、これは、養子T細胞移植の間及び/又はその後に与えることが出来る。
Tリンパ球は、ほとんどの癌及び転移において見出され得る。癌関連抗原の存在のために、これらの抗原に特異的なTリンパ球は、患者の全Tリンパ球集団と比較して富化される。癌組織の外科的除去後、組織に存在するTリンパ球を単離することが出来る。Tリンパ球(癌関連、抗原特異的)を単離する好ましい方法は、細胞培養培地の存在下で組織培養容器中の小さな癌断片を培養することによるものである。それらの培養物由来のリンパ球(癌特異的Tリンパ球を含む)は、通常、3〜4週間のin vitro培養後に回収される。
刺激された細胞を培養物から回収した後、細胞を静脈内に注入する。患者は一般に1〜6時間の間に1010〜1012のリンパ球を注入されるが、投与される単核細胞の数は、増殖工程中に生成される細胞の数に依存する。1012を超える自己リンパ球が、癌患者に安全に注入されている。リンパ球には、腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを前処置することも出来る(強化された送達)。Tリンパ球注入は、一般に腫瘍患者への腫瘍溶解性ウイルス注射(全身、局所及び/又は腫瘍内)後に実施されるが、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス注射の前に行うことも出来る。加えて、免疫調節化合物の投与との組み合わせが可能であり、これは、養子T細胞移植の間及び/又はその後に与えることが出来る。
ex vivoで自己又は同種異系Tリンパ球を遺伝子改変及び増殖する方法に関する多数の手順及びプロトコールがある。これらの手順及びプロトコールの産物は、(予め)規定されたTCRを発現するTリンパ球であり、MHC分子によって提示される場合に癌抗原エピトープ、又は既定された抗原によって結合及び活性化されたCAR発現Tリンパ球を認識し、これは癌細胞表面に存在する。
ex vivoで増殖され、回収された遺伝子改変Tリンパ球を患者に注入する。Tリンパ球注入は、一般に癌患者に腫瘍溶解性ウイルス注射(全身、局所及び/又は腫瘍内)後に実施されるが、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス注射前に行うことも出来る。さらに、免疫調節化合物の投与との組み合わせが可能であり、これは、養子T細胞移植の間及び/又はその後に与えることが出来る。
ウイルス投与及び養子T細胞免疫療法の補助剤としての薬剤の組み合わせもまた、提供される。さらなる活性化剤は、例えば、限定されないが、治療化合物、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス感染性を増加させる薬剤、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス又はTリンパ球の発現を延長及び/又は増加させる薬剤、スプレッド(spread)、及び/又は癌組織内の複製、又は腫瘍溶解性ウイルスによってコードされる内因性遺伝子又は異種遺伝子の遺伝子発現を調節するための薬剤若しくは化合物、である。さらなる活性化剤は、腫瘍溶解性ウイルス及び/又は養子T細胞免疫療法並びに免疫システムを調節若しくは改変する薬剤の特性を、調節若しくは改変若しくは改善する薬剤を含む。
Claims (33)
- 患者の癌を治療するための癌免疫療法の方法であって、
患者自身の悪性腫瘍及び免疫アジュバントを含むワクチンを患者にワクチン接種する工程;
患者のリンパ系組織、末梢血又は癌組織から初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球を単離する工程;
in vitvoで該初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球を刺激してエフェクターTリンパ球に分化させる工程;
in vitroで該エフェクターTリンパ球を刺激して増殖させる工程;
該患者に腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを投与する工程; 及び
該エフェクターTリンパ球を患者に戻し注入する工程、
を含む、患者の癌を治療するための癌免疫療法の方法。 - 該ワクチン接種工程の後で且つ、該初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球を単離する工程の前に、第1の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを含むブースターワクチン接種を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該ワクチン接種工程が、該ワクチン接種工程の2週間前に第1の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの投与によって先行される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、ワクチニアウイルス、レオウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、ムンプスウイルス、アデノウイルス及びヘルペスウイルス、水疱性口内炎ウイルス、ニューカッスル病ウイルス、パルボウイルス、ポリオウイルス、コクサッキーウイルス、シンドビスウイルス、セネカバレーウイルス、マラバウイルス及びそれらの組み合わせ、からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、リスター、ウェスタン・リザーブ(WR)、コペンハーゲン(Cop)、ベルン、パリ、タシケント、ティアンタン、ワイス(DRYVX)、IHD-J、IHD-W、ブライトン、アンカラ、CVA382、改変ワクチニアアンカラ(MVA)、ダイレンI、LC16m8、LC16M0、LIVP、ACAM2000、WR 65-16、コンノート、ニューヨーク市保健局(NYCBH)、EM-63及びNYVAC系統、及びそれらの組み合わせ、からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 該腫瘍溶解性ワクチニアウイルスが、JX594及びその派生体、WO-12及びその派生体、GL-ONCl(すなわち、GLV-1h68)及びその派生体、LIVP及びコペンハーゲンのクローン系統、及びそれらの組み合わせ、からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 該癌が、乳癌、脳及び中枢神経系の癌、腎臓癌、卵巣癌、からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該注入工程の後に、第2の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該ワクチン接種工程の前に、第1の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与し、次いで該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該ワクチン接種工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去し、第1の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程をさらに含み、ここで、第1の該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを投与することが、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去することと同時に又は後に起こる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該ワクチン接種工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去し、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を第1の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスと組み合わせる工程、及び該ワクチン接種工程において、組み合わせたウイルス/悪性腫瘍を使用する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第2の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、該注入工程において、該エフェクターTリンパ球によって送達される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 免疫調節化合物を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜12の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 2〜6個の免疫調節化合物を投与する工程を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 該免疫調節化合物が、エフェクターTリンパ球と共に患者に注入され、該注入工程の後で該患者に投与され、該ワクチン接種工程の後及び該初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球を単離する工程の前に該患者に投与され、及び/又は該単離工程と該注入工程の間で該初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球に送達される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 該免疫調節化合物が、該分化工程、該増殖工程、又はその両方の間に該初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球に送達される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 該免疫調節化合物が、該免疫シグナル伝達分子の官能基に結合するか、又は別な方法では妨害する化合物、該免疫刺激シグナル伝達分子を活性化又は増強するアゴニスト化合物、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 該免疫刺激シグナル伝達分子を活性化又は増強する免疫調節化合物が、TNF及びTNFRスーパーファミリー分子、B7及びCD28関連タンパク質、NK細胞標的、可溶性メディエーター、免疫チェックポイントリガンド及び受容体、トール様受容体ファミリー分子、ホスファチジルセリン、SIRPA-CD47、VEGF、ニューロピリン及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 該免疫調節化合物が、イピリムマブ、ペンブロリズマブ、ニボルマブ、アテゾリズマブ、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 該免疫調節化合物が、遺伝子改変又は別な方法で改変された抗体、天然リガンド、小分子、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、ウイルスの野生型系統によってコードされる遺伝子の欠失を含むように遺伝子改変されており、ここで、該遺伝子が、免疫改変遺伝子産物、代謝遺伝子産物、又は細胞周期制御遺伝子産物をコードする、請求項1〜20の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、抗癌剤、抗血管新生剤、免疫調節分子又は抗原(例えば、癌(新)抗原、癌関連抗原、組織特異的抗原、細菌抗原、ウイルス抗原、酵母抗原、真菌抗原、原生動物抗原、寄生虫抗原及びマイトジェン)、ホルモン、増殖因子、サイトカイン、ケモカイン、共刺激分子、リボザイム、トランスポータータンパク質、一本鎖抗体(例えば、抗VEGF若しくは抗VEGFR、又は抗EGFR抗体)、免疫調節タンパク質に対する抗体(アゴニスト又はアンタゴニスト)、アンチセンス又はdsRNA又は他のRNA産物、プロドラッグ変換酵素、siRNA、microRNA、毒素、抗癌オリゴペプチド、有糸分裂阻害タンパク質、抗有糸分裂オリゴペプチド、抗癌ポリペプチド抗生物質、血管新生阻害剤、癌抑制剤、細胞傷害性タンパク質、細胞増殖抑制タンパク質、基質を修飾して検出可能な産物又はシグナルを生成する酵素、抗体によって検出可能な酵素、コントラスト剤に結合することが可能なタンパク質、からなる群から選択される、遺伝子産物をコードするように遺伝子改変されている、請求項1〜20の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 患者の癌を治療するための癌免疫療法の方法であって、
該患者のリンパ組織、末梢血又は癌細胞からTリンパ球を単離する工程;
任意で該Tリンパ球を遺伝子改変する工程;
in vitroで該Tリンパ球を刺激してエフェクターTリンパ球に分化させる工程;
in vitroで該エフェクターTリンパ球を刺激して増殖させる工程;
該エフェクターTリンパ球を該患者に戻し注入する工程; 且つ、
以下の1つ又はそれ以上の工程、
該エフェクターTリンパ球を刺激する工程の後及び該注入工程の前に該患者に腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを投与する工程;
該単離工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を含むワクチンを患者にワクチン接種した後に、ブースターワクチンとして同一又は異なる腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程;
該単離工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を含むワクチンを該患者に接種する前に同一又は異なる腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程;
該注入工程の後に同一又は異なる該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程;
該単離工程の前に、同一又は異なる該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与し、次いで該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を含む該ワクチンを該患者にワクチン接種する前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去する工程;
該単離工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去し、次いで該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を含む該ワクチンを該患者にワクチン接種する前に、同一又は異なる該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程;
該単離工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去する工程、悪性腫瘍を同一又は異なる該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスと組み合わせる工程、及び該組み合わせたウイルス/悪性腫瘍を用いて該患者にワクチン接種する工程; 及び
該注入工程において、該エフェクターTリンパ球によって同一又は異なる該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを送達する工程、
を含む、患者の癌を治療するための癌免疫療法の方法。 - 各腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、ワクチニアウイルス、レオウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、ムンプスウイルス、アデノウイルス及びヘルペスウイルス、水疱性口内炎ウイルス、ニューカッスル病ウイルス、パルボウイルス、ポリオウイルス、コクサッキーウイルス、シンドビスウイルス、セネカバレーウイルス、マラバウイルス及びそれらの組み合わせ、からなる群から独立して選択される、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 該癌が、乳癌、脳及び中枢神経系癌、腎臓癌、及び卵巣癌からなる群から選択される、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 免疫調節化合物を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 該免疫調節化合物が、該免疫シグナル伝達分子の官能基に結合するか、又は別な方法では妨害する化合物、該免疫刺激シグナル伝達分子を活性化又は増強するアゴニスト化合物、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 患者の癌を治療するための癌免疫療法の方法であって、
該患者に第1の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスをワクチン接種する工程;
該患者の該末梢血、リンパ組織又は癌組織から初回抗原刺激を受けたTリンパ球を単離する工程;
in vitroで該Tリンパ球を刺激してエフェクターTリンパ球に分化させる工程;
in vitroで該エフェクターTリンパ球を刺激して増殖させる工程; 及び
該エフェクターTリンパ球を患者に戻し注入する工程、
を含む、患者の癌を治療するための癌免疫療法の方法。 - 該癌が、手術不可能である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- さらに以下の1つ又はそれ以上の工程、
該Tリンパ球を刺激した後且つ、該注入工程の前に第2の腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程;
該ワクチン接種工程の後に、同一又は異なる第2の該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスをブースターワクチンとして患者に投与する工程;
該ワクチン接種工程の後に、ブースターワクチンとして該患者自身の悪性腫瘍及び免疫アジュバントを該患者に投与する工程;
該注入工程の後に、同一又は異なる第2の該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与する工程;
該ワクチン接種工程の前に、同一又は異なる第2の該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを該患者に投与し、次いで該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去する工程;
該ワクチン接種工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去し、次いで同一又は異なる第2の該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを患者に投与する工程;
該ワクチン接種工程の前に、該患者自身の悪性腫瘍を除去し、該悪性腫瘍を同一又は異なる第2の該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスと組み合わせ、及びさらなるワクチン接種工程として、該組み合わせたウイルス/悪性腫瘍を用いる工程; 及び
該注入工程において該エフェクターTリンパ球によって同一又は異なる該腫瘍溶解性ウイルスを送達する工程、
を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。 - 各腫瘍溶解性ウイルスが、ワクチニアウイルス、レオウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、ムンプスウイルス、アデノウイルス及びヘルペスウイルス、水疱性口内炎ウイルス、ニューカッスル病ウイルス、パルボウイルス、ポリオウイルス、コクサッキーウイルス、シンドビスウイルス、セネカバレーウイルス、マラバウイルス及びそれらの組み合わせ、からなる群から独立して選択される、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 該癌が、乳癌、脳及び中枢神経系癌、腎臓癌、及び卵巣癌からなる群から選択される、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 免疫調節化合物を投与することをさらに含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
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JP2023176751A JP2023176003A (ja) | 2015-09-09 | 2023-10-12 | 養子t細胞療法と腫瘍溶解性ウイルス補助療法とを組み合わせる方法 |
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WO2016144564A2 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-15 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Use of inactivated nonreplicating modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva)as monoimmunotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint blocking agents for solid tumors |
WO2016168862A1 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Use of mva or mvadeltae3l as immunotherapeutic agents against solid tumors |
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EP3577132A4 (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2021-03-10 | University of Pittsburgh - of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education | ONCOLYTIC VIRUS THERAPY |
CN111107872A (zh) | 2017-05-12 | 2020-05-05 | 纪念斯隆-凯特林癌症中心 | 有用于癌症免疫疗法的牛痘病毒突变体 |
BR112020014727A2 (pt) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-12-08 | Kolon Life Science, Inc. | Vírus vaccinia recombinante e composição farmacêutica compreendendo o mesmo |
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US20200353002A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 |
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US11633442B2 (en) | 2023-04-25 |
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