JP2018522752A - 湿式オフセット印刷プロセス用の環境に優しい湿し水、及び湿式オフセット印刷プロセス - Google Patents
湿式オフセット印刷プロセス用の環境に優しい湿し水、及び湿式オフセット印刷プロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018522752A JP2018522752A JP2017555242A JP2017555242A JP2018522752A JP 2018522752 A JP2018522752 A JP 2018522752A JP 2017555242 A JP2017555242 A JP 2017555242A JP 2017555242 A JP2017555242 A JP 2017555242A JP 2018522752 A JP2018522752 A JP 2018522752A
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- water
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- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F7/00—Rotary lithographic machines
- B41F7/20—Details
- B41F7/24—Damping devices
- B41F7/26—Damping devices using transfer rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/06—Lithographic printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/08—Damping; Neutralising or similar differentiation treatments for lithographic printing formes; Gumming or finishing solutions, fountain solutions, correction or deletion fluids, or on-press development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
- B41N2207/12—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by non-macromolecular organic compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
[001]本発明は、酸化乾燥型インクをベースにした、湿式オフセット印刷プロセス用の環境に優しい湿し水の分野に関する。特に、本発明は、セキュリティ文書上にセキュリティ機能を生成するための湿式オフセット印刷プロセスと、このプロセスで使用される湿し水と、湿し水濃縮物とに関する。
[発明の背景]
[010]したがって本発明の目的は、上記論じた従来技術の欠点を克服することである。この目的は、湿式オフセット印刷プロセス用の、特に間接湿式オフセット印刷プロセス用の、湿し水中の添加剤として、1種又は複数の水溶性の健康及び環境に優しいC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩、好ましくはC1〜C3モノカルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩、より好ましくはC1又はC2モノカルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩(即ち、ギ酸マンガン(II)及び酢酸マンガン(II))の使用を行うことによって、達成される。
a) 1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩、好ましくはC1〜C3モノカルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩、より好ましくはC1〜C2モノカルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩(即ち、ギ酸マンガン(II)及び酢酸マンガン(II))を含む湿し水で、印刷版を濡らすステップと、
b) 印刷版に、酸化乾燥型インクを付けるステップと、
c) 酸化乾燥型インクを、オフセット印刷機の印刷版から、先に説明したオフセット(「ブランケット」)胴を介して基材に転写して、基材上にセキュリティ機能が形成されるようにするステップと
を含む方法についても、本明細書に記述され且つ特許請求の範囲に記載される。
本明細書に記述され且つ特許請求の範囲に記載される湿し水は、本明細書に記述される1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩、好ましくはC1〜C3モノカルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩、より好ましくはC1〜C2モノカルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩(即ち、ギ酸マンガン(II)及び酢酸マンガン(II))を含み、上記マンガン(II)塩は、有害な化合物として分類されないものである。本発明は、詳細には、湿式オフセット印刷プロセスに適切な湿し水であって、1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩と、
(a) 酸、
(b) その他のpH調節化合物であり、酸及び別のpH調節化合物が任意選択で一緒に緩衝剤を形成する、その他のpH調節化合物、
(c) 水溶性有機溶媒、
(d) 界面活性剤、
(e) ポリマー減感剤、及び
(f) キレート化剤
から選択される少なくとも1種の成分と
を含む、湿し水に関する。
定義
[017]以下の定義は、説明及び特許請求の範囲で使用される用語の意味を明らかにする。
(a) 例えば無機又は有機酸などの酸、
(b) その他のpH調節化合物(好ましくは緩衝系をもたらす)、
(c) 水溶性有機溶媒、
(d) 界面活性剤、
(e) ポリマー減感剤、
(f) キレート化剤、
(g) 例えば、シリコーンをベースにした流体又はエマルジョンなどの消泡剤(特に、ポリジメチルシロキサン)、腐食防止剤、例えば有機亜鉛塩、水溶性無機ポリホスフェート(キレート化剤(f)として作用することもできる)、水溶性銅塩、水溶性モリブデン塩、水溶性ホウ素化合物、例えばホウ酸及びホウ酸塩、及び国際公開第98/51512号の4及び5頁に記載されているさらなるの腐食防止剤のいずれか;殺真菌剤、殺菌剤、抗生剤、抗菌剤、抗ウイルス剤、抗真菌剤、及びこれらの組合せなどの、抗微生物又は殺生物剤(防腐剤);非パイリング又は潤滑添加剤、エマルジョン制御剤(成分d以外)、粘度増強成分(成分e以外);染料、及び粘着剤から選択することができる、湿し水に一般に使用される1種又は複数の他の添加剤
の1種又は複数を含んでいてもよい。
(a) 1種又は複数の酸、
(b) 1種又は複数のその他のpH調節化合物であり、酸及び別のpH調節化合物が任意選択で一緒に緩衝剤を形成する化合物、
(c) 1種又は複数の水溶性有機溶媒、
(d) 1種又は複数の界面活性剤、
(e) 1種又は複数のポリマー減感剤、及び
(f) 1種又は複数のキレート化剤
から選択される少なくとも1種の成分と
を含む、湿し水に関する。
(a) 1種又は複数の酸、
(b) 任意選択で、1種又は複数のその他のpH調節化合物であって、酸及び別のpH調節化合物が任意選択で一緒に緩衝剤を形成し、酸及び存在する場合にはその他のpH調節化合物の総量が0.1〜3重量%、好ましくは0.2〜1.5重量%であるpH調節化合物、
(c) 1種又は複数の水溶性有機溶媒を少なくとも0.5重量%、好ましくは3〜20重量%、
(d) 1種又は複数の界面活性剤を0.0001〜1重量%、
(e) 1種又は複数のポリマー減感剤を0.01〜1重量%、及び
(f) 任意選択で、1種又は複数のキレート化剤を0.001〜0.5重量%、並びに
任意選択で、非界面活性剤ベースの消泡剤、腐食防止剤、防腐剤、非パイリング又は潤滑剤、エマルジョン制御剤、粘度増強成分、染料、及び粘着剤から選択される1種又は複数のその他の添加剤を、最大1重量%含み、その残りが好ましくは水であり、重量%を単位とする全ての量は、湿し水の全重量に対するものである。
(a) 1種又は複数の酸、
(b) 1種又は複数のその他のpH調節化合物であって、酸及び別のpH調節化合物が任意選択で一緒に緩衝剤を形成するpH調節化合物、
(c) 1種又は複数の水溶性有機溶媒、
(d) 1種又は複数の界面活性剤、
(e) 1種又は複数のポリマー減感剤、及び
(f) 1種又は複数のキレート化剤、及び
(g) 非界面活性剤ベースの消泡剤、腐食防止剤、防腐剤、非パイリング又は潤滑添加剤、エマルジョン制御剤、粘度増強成分、染料、及び粘着剤から選択される、1種又は複数のその他の添加剤
から選択される少なくとも1種の成分と
を含む、湿し水濃縮物であって、非水性成分の量が、濃縮物の全重量の少なくとも25重量%、好ましくは少なくとも35重量%、より好ましくは50重量%である湿し水濃縮物にも関する。この濃縮物は、本明細書に記述され且つ特許請求の範囲に記載される湿し水が得られるように、水で希釈することができる。
酸化乾燥型インク組成物を、表1に列挙した成分を室温で混合することによって調製した。得られたペーストを、SDY300 3本ロールミルで3回すり潰した(1回目は6バールの圧力で、2回目及び3回目は12バールの圧力で)。乾燥剤を、前述の通り得られたペーストに添加し、上記のそのように得られた組成物約10gをスピードミキサー(SpeedMixer)(商標)(DAC 150 SP CM31 Hauschild Engineering製)で、2500rpmの速度で3分間、室温で混合した。約7Pa・秒の粘度が、Haake Roto Visco 1回転式レオメータ(40℃及び1000秒−1)上で測定された。
湿し水15kgは、表2に与えられた成分を指示された量で、約1分間、室温で穏やかに混合することによってそれぞれ調製した。そこで使用される塩溶液は、以下にさらに記述されるように調製した。Wassertop SF 3.0は、DC Druckchemie GmbH、ドイツから入手可能な湿し水濃縮物である。
酸塩溶液の調製:
酢酸Mn(II)溶液(200g): 71.6gの酢酸マンガン(II)四水和物(純度99重量%、SIGMA Aldrich AG)を、500mLのガラス容器に入っている122.1gの脱イオン水に添加した。溶液を、結晶が完全に溶解するまで(15〜20分)磁気撹拌子で撹拌し、次いで6.3gの80%酢酸(Brenntag Schweizerhall AG)を添加し、溶液をさらに3〜4分間撹拌した。酢酸Mn(II)溶液は、25.3重量%の酢酸Mn(II)を含んでいた。湿し水中の酢酸Mn(II)の最終含量は、31.46g(0.21重量%)であった。
四角形のパターン(サイズ4.5cm×5.2cm)を、オフセット用紙(Antalis Normaset puro 100g/m2、70.1cm×49.9cm)並びに信用用紙(70.1cm×49.9cm、Louisenthal BNP paper 100g/m2)に、1時間当たり7500シートを印刷するHeidelberg Speed Master 74−1を使用して印刷した(実験条件:T=22℃、及び相対湿度54%)。印刷条件を表3に記述する。各実施例ごとに、合計で2000シートを印刷した。1連の1000枚の同じ紙のブランクシートを、各印刷ジョブの直後に2000枚の印刷済みシート上に置いて、標準乾燥条件をシミュレートした。オフセット酸化乾燥型インクの量は、1.2に近い光学密度が得られるように固定した。プリンタは、Alcolor連続被膜給湿システム(Dahlgrenシステム)を備えていた。インクと湿し水との比は、オーバーエマルジョン(多過ぎる湿し水を添加することによる)又はインクの不十分なエマルジョン(十分な湿し水を添加しないことによる)のいずれかが回避されるように、給湿及びインク付けローラの相対速度(単位 %)を変えることによって確立した。
各実施例ごとに、x日後(日数に関しては表4参照)にパイルの底部で印刷基材のシートを選択し、印刷パターンを切断し、それを同じ基材のブランク片で覆い、次いでそのように形成されたアセンブリに、80℃で、ORMAG Intaglio Pressにより3.4バールの逆圧をかけることによって、乾燥試験を実施した。印刷パターン及びブランク片を切り離し、ブランク片を、インク転写に関してチェックした。当初の印刷パターン及びブランク片の両方から、Konica Minolta bizhub C552カラースキャナを使用して、600dpiの解像度でスキャンを行った。各スキャン(当初の印刷パターン及びブランク片を含む)を、Photoshop CS 6で開き、当初の印刷パターン及びブランク片上への転写パターンに関して画素数を決定した。転写パターンの画素数と当初の印刷パターンの画素数との比を使用して、当初の印刷パターンからブランク片に転写されたインクの量を評価した。この比(単位 %)を、表4A(印刷工程1に関する)及び表4B(印刷工程2に関する)に示す。
Claims (14)
- 湿式オフセット印刷プロセスによって、基材上にセキュリティ機能を印刷するための方法であって、
a) 1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩を含む湿し水で、印刷版を濡らすステップと、
b) 前記印刷版に、酸化乾燥型インクを付けるステップと、
c) 前記酸化乾燥型インクを、オフセット印刷機の印刷版から基材に転写して、前記基材上にセキュリティ機能が印刷されるようにするステップと
を含む方法。 - ステップ(b)で、前記印刷版が間接的に濡らされる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記湿し水が、前記1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩を、前記湿し水の全重量に対して0.001〜5重量%、好ましくは0.05〜2重量%の量で含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記マンガン(II)塩が、ギ酸マンガン(II)及び酢酸マンガン(II)から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記基材が、紙基材と、ポリマーベースの基材と、少なくとも1つの紙層及び少なくとも1つのポリマーフィルムの積層によって得られる複合基材とから選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記紙が信用用紙である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 湿式オフセット印刷プロセスに適切な湿し水であって、1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩を含み、4〜6のpHを有し、このpHが緩衝剤によって、好ましくはクエン酸/クエン酸塩緩衝剤によって調節される、湿し水。
- (c) 1種又は複数の水溶性有機溶媒、
(d) 1種又は複数の界面活性剤、
(e) 1種又は複数のポリマー減感剤、及び
(f) 1種又は複数のキレート化剤
から選択される少なくとも1種の成分をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の湿し水。 - 前記マンガン(II)塩が、ギ酸マンガン(II)及び酢酸マンガン(II)から選択される、請求項7に記載の湿し水。
- ポリマー減感剤、好ましくは被膜形成ポリマー増感剤、より好ましくはアラビアゴムなどのゴムを含む、請求項7、8、又は9のいずれか一項に記載の湿し水。
- 前記湿し水が、前記1種又は複数のC1〜C3カルボン酸のマンガン(II)塩を、0.001〜5重量%、好ましくは0.05重量%〜2重量%の量で含み、酸及びその他のpH調節化合物の総量が、0.1〜3重量%、好ましくは0.2〜1.5重量%であり、前記湿し水がさらに、
(c) 1種又は複数の水溶性有機溶媒を少なくとも0.5重量%、好ましくは3〜20重量%、
(d) 1種又は複数の界面活性剤を0.0001〜1重量%、
(e) 1種又は複数のポリマー減感剤を0.01〜1重量%、及び
(f) 任意選択で、1種又は複数のキレート化剤を0.001〜0.5重量%、並びに
任意選択で、非界面活性剤ベースの消泡剤、腐食防止剤、防腐剤、非パイリング又は潤滑剤、エマルジョン制御剤、粘度増強成分、染料、及び粘着剤から選択される1種又は複数のさらなる添加剤を、最大1重量%含み、残部が好ましくは水であり、重量%を単位とする全ての量は、前記湿し水の全重量に対するものである、請求項7、8、9、又は10のいずれか一項に記載の湿し水。 - 前記湿し水が湿し水濃縮物であり、非水性成分の量が、前記濃縮物の全重量の少なくとも25重量%、好ましくは少なくとも35重量%、より好ましくは50重量%である、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の湿し水。
- 前記成分の重量比が、水での希釈後に請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の湿し水を得ることができるような比である、請求項12に記載の湿し水濃縮物の形態をとる湿し水。
- 前記湿し水が、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項で定義される通りである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US (1) | US20180134054A1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP3354476B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6668569B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102517800B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107531067B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2978667A1 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2743607T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016173975A1 (ja) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11340535B1 (en) | 2021-03-15 | 2022-05-24 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Fountain jet image formation on charged image surface |
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US3042722A (en) * | 1959-08-31 | 1962-07-03 | Standard Oil Co | Oxidation of cyclic olefins |
US3168037A (en) | 1960-05-02 | 1965-02-02 | Harold P Dahlgren | Means for dampening lithographic offset printing plates |
US3146104A (en) * | 1959-12-21 | 1964-08-25 | Eastman Kodak Co | Silver halide sensitized lithographic printing plate |
US3354824A (en) | 1964-05-04 | 1967-11-28 | Interchem Corp | Lithographic fountain solutions and method of use |
DE1622360C3 (de) * | 1968-02-22 | 1978-06-15 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Hydrophilierung |
US3625715A (en) | 1970-07-01 | 1971-12-07 | Salvatore Nasca | Polyethylene oxide dampening system for lithographic presses |
US4604952A (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1986-08-12 | Inmont Corporation | Quick drying fountain solutions |
DE3536485A1 (de) | 1985-10-12 | 1987-04-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Feuchtmittel fuer den offsetdruck |
JPS62145257A (ja) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-06-29 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | 平版印刷版不感脂化処理用組成物 |
DE69120373T2 (de) * | 1990-10-30 | 1997-02-06 | Wako Pure Chem Ind Ltd | Verfahren zum Nachweis von Bilirubin |
EP0591916A3 (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-05-18 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Printing ink for offset printing |
KR950017197A (ko) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-07-20 | 박홍기 | 잉크건조성이 우수한 옵셋 인쇄용 플라스틱 필름 |
US6436176B1 (en) | 1995-07-18 | 2002-08-20 | Agfa-Gevaert | Concentrated dampening solution with an improved anti-staining activity for printing with a lithographic printing plate obtained according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process |
DE19719936A1 (de) | 1997-05-13 | 1998-11-19 | Fogra Forschungsgesellschaft D | Feuchtmittel für den Offsetdruck |
IL128206A0 (en) * | 1999-01-24 | 1999-11-30 | Yissum Res Dev Co | A process for the epoxidation of alkenes and polyoxofluorometalates for use therein |
JP2002067526A (ja) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-03-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 感熱性平版印刷用原板 |
JP2001341458A (ja) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-11 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 平版印刷用湿し水及びこれを用いる印刷方法 |
US6797748B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2004-09-28 | Bic Corporation | Polyurethane based inks for writing instruments |
JP2009234247A (ja) | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-15 | Fujifilm Corp | 平版印刷用湿し水組成物及びヒートセットオフ輪印刷方法 |
JP2012091461A (ja) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-17 | Basf Se | 湿し水及び湿し水濃縮液 |
AR090178A1 (es) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-10-22 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Metodo de impresion con tinta calcografica de secado por oxidacion y tintas calcograficas curables por uv-vis |
DE102012010534A1 (de) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wertdokuments |
CA2886487C (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2020-05-12 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Oxidatively drying ink compositions |
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2016
- 2016-04-25 EP EP18161968.5A patent/EP3354476B1/en active Active
- 2016-04-25 EP EP16722543.2A patent/EP3288768B1/en active Active
- 2016-04-25 US US15/566,567 patent/US20180134054A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-04-25 CN CN201680024413.0A patent/CN107531067B/zh active Active
- 2016-04-25 WO PCT/EP2016/059146 patent/WO2016173975A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-04-25 KR KR1020177030165A patent/KR102517800B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-04-25 CA CA2978667A patent/CA2978667A1/en active Pending
- 2016-04-25 ES ES18161968T patent/ES2743607T3/es active Active
- 2016-04-25 JP JP2017555242A patent/JP6668569B2/ja active Active
- 2016-04-25 ES ES16722543T patent/ES2735949T3/es active Active
Also Published As
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EP3354476B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
US20180134054A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
EP3288768A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
CA2978667A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
JP6668569B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 |
WO2016173975A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
ES2735949T3 (es) | 2019-12-20 |
ES2743607T3 (es) | 2020-02-20 |
EP3288768B1 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
CN107531067A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
EP3354476A1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
CN107531067B (zh) | 2020-04-17 |
KR102517800B1 (ko) | 2023-04-05 |
KR20170140201A (ko) | 2017-12-20 |
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