JP2018520886A - Semi-finished metallurgical product and method and apparatus for producing molded castings - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the metallurgical and casting industries and can be applied to the production of metal objects and alloys under conditions of gas pressure, vacuum and atmospheric pressure. The apparatus includes a furnace autoclave (1) and a pore autoclave (2) connected by a stop device (3) having a built-in hermetic gate (4). The pore type autoclave (2) is interrupted by an airtight gate (5). A feed pipe (6) is fixed to the bottom part of the tray (7) of the mold (8). Within the "high mode" capsule (9), casting of ingots (slabs, moldings), 2 or 3 alloy grade bimetal and triple layer ingots, and conventional ingots are performed. The furnace autoclave (1) is manufactured in an induction furnace (12). A special feature of the present invention is the use of replaceable equipment for intensive cooling of the melt that greatly increases the throughput of the equipment.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to the metallurgy and casting industries and can be used for the production of metals and alloys in conditions of gas pressure, vacuum and atmospheric pressure and in special gas media.

  Devices for the production and casting of metal and alloy materials under conditions of gas pressure, vacuum and atmospheric pressure and in special gas media are known (South African Patent Application 2001 filed on August 23, 2001). / 6887 "Equipment manufacturing and casting equipment" Racheva IA and Petcantin LT), which is alloyed with elements that are alloyed at high nitrogen concentrations and easily vaporized, eg Cu, Pb, Mg, Zn and other elements Ingots (ingots), remelted electrodes, and steel castings with a structured monolith ("mono") structure can be produced. This equipment consists of a furnace-type autoclave, a pour-type autoclave and a feed pipe that can be air-tightly manufactured as a whole as a whole or as an airtight autonomous interconnected airtight. Capsules are included. The furnace type autoclave has an induction furnace, and the pore type autoclave has a mono ingot, a remelting electrode, or a mold set for casting. The furnace autoclave and the pore autoclave have a common work space (working area), and when necessary, the autoclave is autonomously separated by two airtight gates. Hermetic capsule with metallurgical or casting set moves vertically in the pore autoclave and the capsule can be equipped with autonomous gas pressure (independent of total working pressure in pore autoclave under pressure or in a common container) And formed by a furnace type autoclave and a pore type autoclave). A mold or mold exists in the pore-type capsule, and liquid metal is injected antigravity there. The feed pipe is hermetically fixed to the capsule. The upper and lower moving platforms move along horizontal rails, and the furnace autoclave and the pore autoclave are moved vertically by the elevator.

  The disadvantages of this known device are as follows (*).

* Low productivity. This is because ceramic feed pipes have low thermal conductivity, so a waiting time is required for the liquid metal ("melt") therein to crystallize, in order to start the next melting process The two autoclaves must be removed.

* Limited combinations. Eliminate the possibility of producing double and triple layer ingots and castings.

* Increased consumption of electricity, water, refractory materials, and other consumable materials. Because the induction furnace continues to operate even after filling the mold or mold.

* Low efficiency when using liquid charge (filling). This is because crystallization in the injection chamber regulates the entire manufacturing process.

* Replacement of expensive feed systems after each melting step. Because solid alloy filling is formed in the heat-resistant pipe

  The technical achievements aimed at by the method of the present invention and its execution apparatus for producing semi-finished metallurgical products and molded castings are to improve productivity, reduce power consumption and widen manufacturing combinations. It is.

  Technical results are achieved by implementing the method. This is because the method of producing metallurgical products and molded castings involves filling the furnace autoclave with a liquid charge or a solid charge, this charge being melted and the pressure difference causing the melt to pour through the feed pipe. A replaceable device introduced into the mold or mold of the mold autoclave and fixed for intensive cooling of the melt is fixed between the feed pipe and the bottom tray of the mold for local crystallization after filling the mold or mold For gas compression.

  Water or other coolant can be introduced into the replaceable device for intensive cooling.

  When producing a multilayer alloy, at least one metallurgical product pre-filled in the mold is heated prior to introducing the melt.

  In order to obtain metallurgical products and molded castings with various properties, the melt in the furnace autoclave is processed under the pressure of a gas, for example nitrogen.

  The technical result of the implementation of the apparatus consists of a movable furnace type autoclave and a pore type autoclave comprising at least one mold or mold and connected by a corresponding feed pipe and lock system, the bottom tray of the mold and the feed pipe The end of is manufactured so that it can be connected to a replaceable device for intensive cooling of the melt.

  This replaceable device for intensive cooling can include a high thermal conductivity sleeve surrounded by a high thermal conductivity cooling sleeve.

  The bottom tray of the mold can be manufactured with the possibility of being placed in a conical heat resistant sleeve in combination with a high thermal conductivity sleeve and a high thermal conductivity cooling sleeve.

  In a pore type autoclave for producing a multilayer alloy material including the possibility of movement, there are a heater disposed in a metallurgical blank mold and a gas permeable lid (lid) covering the mold.

  The sizes of the furnace type autoclave and the pore type autoclave are determined by the production amount.

  The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing metallurgical products and molded castings. FIG. 2 shows a replaceable apparatus for intensive cooling of the melt. FIG. 3 shows a configuration for manufacturing a bimetallic ingot. FIG. 4 shows a configuration for producing a three-layer ingot. FIG. 5 shows a configuration for manufacturing a bimetallic slab (sheet).

  The apparatus for the production of metallurgical products and moldings includes a furnace autoclave 1 and a pore autoclave 2 which are movable, non-movable and autonomous parts, which have an integrated airtight gate 4. It is connected to the stationary stop device 3 provided. The pore type autoclave 2 is disconnected by an airtight gate 5. The feed pipe 6 is fixed to the lower part of the bottom tray 7 of the mold 8. The pore capsule 9 is moved in the vertical direction by the mechanism 10 and is moved in the horizontal direction on the carriage 11 together with the pore type autoclave 2.

  Inside the capsule 9, a “high mode” anti-gravity process is carried out for two- and three-grade alloy bimetallic and three-layer ingots and conventional ingot type ingots (slabs, moldings). Is done. The furnace type autoclave 1 is moved to the bayonet type stationary stop device 3 in the vertical direction by the elevator 13 together with the induction furnace 12, and is moved in the horizontal direction by the carriage 14. The stationary stop device 3 is connected to the furnace type autoclave 1 and the pore type autoclave 2, and the carriages 11 and 14 move along the rails 15 and 16.

  Inside the furnace type autoclave 1 and the pore type autoclave 2 is an induction furnace 12, which is a monoingot, a remelting electrode, a molded casting, a two-layer or a three-layer ingot and an ingot used for manufacturing a casting. There is a set of molds. The casting of the pore type autoclave and the capsule 9 may be in a vertical relationship (in the case of a two-metal ingot slab and a three-layer ingot slab). Both autoclaves 1 and 2 can have a common workspace, but can also have an autonomous atmosphere. The capsule 9 in the pore-type autoclave 2 moves vertically with a casting mold or a pore mold set for a mono-ingot, a two-metal ingot, a three-metal layer ingot or a two-layer three-layer ingot. The capsule 9 is manufactured in an airtight manner with an autonomous gas medium, and has a heater 18 for heating the inner surface of the ingot (slab) 19 immediately before filling the mold 8. At the bottom of the capsule (in the tray) 7, a high thermal conductivity sleeve 20 is installed in contact with the copper water-cooled sleeve 21. The feed pipes 6 are airtightly fixed below them at the bottom tray 7.

  The blast furnace type autoclave 1 includes a casing 22 and a cover 23 that are joined by a bayonet connection 24.

  The pore type autoclave 2 includes a casing having a lower portion 25 and an upper portion 26 joined by a bayonet connection 27. The capsule 9 has a lower part 28 and an upper part 29 joined by a bayonet connection 30.

  In addition to the sleeves 20 and 21 described above, the apparatus for intensive cooling of the melt includes a plastic sealing coating 31, a water (coolant) flow sensor and an automatic tap (faucet) on the control panel. The cooling water stream (coolant) is run immediately after the signal for filling of the mold 8, but for the high density seam in the ingot (slab) 19, the liquid metal is pressed and newly cast The time to reduce the ingot contraction sink is also considered.

  A replaceable heat resistant conical sleeve 32 (“stone”) is placed in the bottom tray 7.

  When the alloy is manufactured in the mold 8, the slab (semi-ingot) 19 is securely fixed and occupies a part of the work space of the mold 8. The heater 18 is lowered by operation in a free half space of the mold 8 and used to heat the inner surface of the ingot (slab) 19. After reaching the set temperature (depending on the different metals and alloys), the heater 18 is raised and the liquid metal 33 is introduced for molding the second part of the bimetallic or the third part of the trimetallic alloy.

  An upper airtight gate 5 is installed at the bottom of the pore type autoclave 2. The lower airtight gate 4 is installed in the stationary stop device 3 and connects the autoclaves 1 and 2. The induction furnace 12 is installed stationary in the casing 22 of the furnace autoclave 1 and is loaded on the moving carriage 14 by a trunnion 34.

  In the case of manufacturing a three-layer ingot (slab) (FIG. 4), the order of operation is similar to that for manufacturing a two-metal ingot.

  When operation is based on solid charge, induction furnace 12 is filled with solid charge, which is melted and processed under atmospheric conditions. The pore type autoclave 2 is prepared for melting on the apparatus itself or on the rail path 16. A “stone” (conical sleeve) 32 is placed on the lower surface of the bottom tray 7 (FIG. 2), which is placed in contact with the high thermal conductivity sleeve 20 (covered with a plastic film 31), and has a high thermal conductivity cooling. A copper sleeve 21 is installed, followed by the feed pipe 6. The copper sleeve 21 is connected to a control panel having two sensors with thermocouples inserted into the lid of the mold 8 to record the metal casting process. Subsequently, the slab (a part of the ingot) 19 is installed in the mold 8 and securely fixed, and the heater 18 is lowered next to it. After heating to the set temperature of the inner surface of the slab 19, the heater 18 is raised, after which the gas permeable lid 35 is disposed, and the lid 29 of the capsule 9 is fixed by the bayonet connection 27. The upper part 26 of the pore-type autoclave 2 is placed on the lower part 25 and fixed by a bayonet-type connection 27.

The induction furnace 12 moves along the rail path 15 by means of the carriage 14, is centered under the pore type autoclave 2, is raised by the elevator 36 until it stops at the stationary stop device 3, and the bayonet type connection 24 It is fixed with. The liquid alloy 33 is processed under gaseous pressure, and then the capsule 9 is lowered in a controlled state until the lower end of the feed pipe 6 sinks into the liquid metal. Thus, the pressure difference (ΔP = P ₂ −P ₁ ) in the common work space of the furnace type autoclave 1 and the pore type autoclave 2, which is a transport condition, is prepared, and the liquid metal passes through the feed pipe 6. Then, it begins to flow into the mold 8 in an antigravity manner. After filling the free volume of the mold 8 (FIG. 3), the most intensive cooling water flow (coolant) is started and the controlled crystallization (FIG. 2) causes local crystallization of the liquid metal to the unit ( In the device). After the local crystallization in the region of the sleeve 20, the hermetic gate 5 is closed. The pressure P ₂ is higher than the pressure P _3, the gas pressure P ₁ of the flash furnace autoclave 1 is reduced to atmospheric pressure. The bayonet connection 24 is opened, the furnace autoclave 1 is lowered to a position below the end by the elevator 36, the furnace autoclave 1 is moved to the left position of the end, and the induction furnace 12 is Prepared for charging the melting process.

  When operating with liquid charge, the induction furnace 12 receives the liquid charge, and the furnace autoclave 1 moves and is centered below the pore autoclave 2. The other order of operations is similar to the revised version of operations with solid charge.

  The operation of the apparatus executes a method for producing metallurgical products and molded castings, and the following ingot is obtained.

1. Monolith Conventional Ingot The induction furnace 12 is heated from 1580 ° C to 1600 ° C. The pressure P ₁ of the flash furnace autoclave 1, each of the pressure P _2, P ₃ in the pores autoclave 2 and the capsule 9 is equal in 20 seconds. High nitrogen ferrochrome is introduced after pressure equilibration and is absorbed in 10 minutes. A negative differential pressure is formed in the capsule 9: ΔP = P ₁ −P ₃ = 0.05 MPa

The feed pipe 6 is filled in 6 seconds, the differential pressure is increased to 0.25 MPa, the mold 8 is filled with melt, for example solidified after 10 minutes. Subsequently, the ingot is compressed for about 6 minutes, the apparatus for intensive cooling is started, and casting is completed after 2 minutes. Above the pressure _{P 3} of the ingot of the capsule 9 is held at the level of 2 minutes 0.45 MPa. Then, the pressure P ₁ in the flash furnace autoclave 1 in 15 seconds is reduced, device 1 is moved to be charged for a new melting process.

2. Two-metal ingot (Figure 3)
The operation proceeds in the same manner as in paragraph 1, except that the mold 8 is different and a solid alloy half-ingot 19 is put in early and heated by a heater 18 from 100 ° C. to 150 ° C.

3. Three-layer ingot (Figure 4)
Operation proceeds in the same way as in paragraph 2, but the mold 8 is filled with two half-ingots.

4). Two-metal slab (sheet) ingot (Figure 5)
Operation proceeds in the same way as in paragraph 1, but the solid half-ingot 19 has a parallelepiped form.

  These devices and methods have the following advantages (*).

* The device for high intensive cooling controlled from the part of the feed channel from the ceramic feed pipe 6 reduces the injection time and improves the production efficiency of the device.

* Since the device for controlled high-intensity cooling is installed outside the feed pipe 6, the service life is increased dozens of times.

* May guarantee multiple applications of expensive feed systems.

* A wide range of production is possible, enabling high-tech production of metallurgically welded bimetal and trimetal.

* Short melting time reduces consumption of electricity, water, materials, etc.

* Highly efficient operation with liquid charge. This is the basis for the high competitiveness of the entire manufacturing process.

* Reduces the time of harmful effects of liquid melt high temperature mirrors (1600 ° C to 1700 ° C irradiation, dust, gas) on the polished cylinder of the lifting mechanism and the polished guide column.

* The risk of industrial accidents due to long service intervals of the feed system is substantially reduced.

* The device allows melting under pressure and atmospheric conditions including in vacuum.

* Methods for the production of metallurgical products and molded castings and equipment for their implementation are conventional (mono) ingots (slabs), single metals, bimetals, 2 or 3 layers, grade 2 or 3 Grade metals or alloys, remelted electrodes; cast elements that are alloyed with easily vaporizable elements such as calcium, lead, zinc, magnesium, manganese, etc., and non-ferrous metals, conventional steel, nitrogen steel ( NS), high nitrogen steel (HNS), can be used for the production and casting of metals and alloys under conditions of gas pressure, vacuum or atmospheric pressure, and under special gas media.

Claims (11)

  A method for producing a semi-finished metallurgical product and a molded casting, in which a liquid autoclave is introduced through a feed pipe into a mold or mold of a pore autoclave by a pressure difference An exchangeable device for intensive cooling of the melt is placed between it and the mold or mold bottom tray before it is filled with the melt charge and before the melt is introduced into the feed pipe, A method characterized in that it is used after melt filling of a mold or mold and after gas compression for subsequent local crystallization of the melt.   The method of claim 1, wherein water or other coolant is introduced into the replaceable device for intensive cooling of the melt.   3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one reserve placed in the mold or mold metallurgical blank is heated prior to introducing the melt.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the melt is processed in the furnace autoclave under gas pressure.   The process according to claim 4, wherein nitrogen is used.   The method of claim 3, wherein the melt is processed in the furnace autoclave under gas pressure.   7. A method according to claim 6, wherein nitrogen is used.   Apparatus for producing semi-finished metallurgical products and moldings, movable furnace autoclave and pore mold with at least one mold or mold connected to a respective feed pipe or locking system A device comprising an autoclave, wherein the bottom tray of the mold and the end of the feed pipe allow coupling with a replaceable device for intensive cooling of the melt.   9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus for intensive cooling of the melt is replaceable and includes a high thermal conductivity sleeve surrounded by a high thermal conductivity cooling sleeve.   10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the mold or mold bottom tray allows for the insertion of a replaceable conical heat resistant sleeve connected therein with a high thermal conductivity sleeve and a high thermal conductivity cooling sleeve.   11. The pore-type autoclave according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the pore-type autoclave is movable with a heater disposed in the mold or mold of a metallurgical blank and a gas permeable lid that covers the mold or mold. The device described.

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