CA2886546C - Pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity - Google Patents
Pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2886546C CA2886546C CA2886546A CA2886546A CA2886546C CA 2886546 C CA2886546 C CA 2886546C CA 2886546 A CA2886546 A CA 2886546A CA 2886546 A CA2886546 A CA 2886546A CA 2886546 C CA2886546 C CA 2886546C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- crystallizer
- pressure chamber
- pressure reactor
- crucible
- melting furnace
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/005—Casting metal foams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/006—Casting by filling the mould through rotation of the mould together with a molten metal holding recipient, about a common axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
- B22D27/13—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of gas pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity, the pressure reactor comprising: a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected thereto, the pressure chamber connected to a vacuum installation and having an external cooling jacket; wherein inside of the pressure chamber; a retractable, removable, demountable crystallizer located inside of said pressure chamber attached to one of said covers; a retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible attached to a second cover; a heater in a form of a heating element encapsulated with an insulation in a form of ceramic beads provided between an inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible, wherein a drain hole of the crucible is directed in the direction of an inlet filling hole of the crystallizer;
an intermediate element fastened between the melting furnace and the crystallizer; wherein the pressure chamber is rotatably mounted in a supporting frame in a manner allowing its rotation around a transverse axis passing through its centre of symmetry.
an intermediate element fastened between the melting furnace and the crystallizer; wherein the pressure chamber is rotatably mounted in a supporting frame in a manner allowing its rotation around a transverse axis passing through its centre of symmetry.
Description
PRESSURE REACTOR FOR PRODUCING MATERIALS HAVING
DIRECTED POROSITY
The invention relates to a pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity.
A device known from FR2208743 for producing porous materials is constructed of a pressure chamber in which a crucible or a pot is arranged which is placed in a water-cooled metal mould. The mould is covered from a top with a cover provided with a gas drain hole and from the bottom it is provided with an opening for injecting of a gas. The pressure chamber is fed with a pressurized gas, and a high pressure gas = is injected into the liquid molten metal placed in the =
crucible. As a result of a gas pressure controlling in the = pressure chamber, gas saturated metal enters into the mould, wherein at the same time the gas is evacuated from the pressure chamber and a solidification of the metal occurs. At the same time the gas also is released from the metal leaving pores that are created in this manner. A device known from the patent US5181549 for producing porous materials comprises .a pressure autoclave provided with covers and a pressurised gas supply, inside of which autoclave a crucible or a ladle and a mould are coaxially permanently mounted. The crucible, which -is surrounded by a heating element, is provided with an upper charging door or opening and a bottom drain hole. A layer of elevated thermal conductivity is arranged in side walls or bottom wall of the mould. A drain hole is arranged in the bottom of the crucible, above the mould.. A process for producing porous materials consists in that the autoclave, after the crucible is loaded with a charge material, is supplied with the gas mixture comprising hydrogen. After the charge material in the crucible is melted, a hydrogen having determined partial pressure is fed that hydrogen is then =
DIRECTED POROSITY
The invention relates to a pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity.
A device known from FR2208743 for producing porous materials is constructed of a pressure chamber in which a crucible or a pot is arranged which is placed in a water-cooled metal mould. The mould is covered from a top with a cover provided with a gas drain hole and from the bottom it is provided with an opening for injecting of a gas. The pressure chamber is fed with a pressurized gas, and a high pressure gas = is injected into the liquid molten metal placed in the =
crucible. As a result of a gas pressure controlling in the = pressure chamber, gas saturated metal enters into the mould, wherein at the same time the gas is evacuated from the pressure chamber and a solidification of the metal occurs. At the same time the gas also is released from the metal leaving pores that are created in this manner. A device known from the patent US5181549 for producing porous materials comprises .a pressure autoclave provided with covers and a pressurised gas supply, inside of which autoclave a crucible or a ladle and a mould are coaxially permanently mounted. The crucible, which -is surrounded by a heating element, is provided with an upper charging door or opening and a bottom drain hole. A layer of elevated thermal conductivity is arranged in side walls or bottom wall of the mould. A drain hole is arranged in the bottom of the crucible, above the mould.. A process for producing porous materials consists in that the autoclave, after the crucible is loaded with a charge material, is supplied with the gas mixture comprising hydrogen. After the charge material in the crucible is melted, a hydrogen having determined partial pressure is fed that hydrogen is then =
2 dissolved in the charge material. Subsequently, the molten and saturated with the hydrogen charge material is discharged through the drain hole into the mould. In the autoclave during solidification of the charge material a predetermined gas pressure is generated and the material solidifies and, depending on the arrangement and localization of the layer having higher thermal conductivity, a porous material with axially oriented pores or radialy oriented pores is obtained.
Summary of the Invention The pressure reactor according to the invention for producing materials having directed porosity, consisting of a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected to it is characteristic by the pressure chamber connected to the vacuum installation having an external cooling jacket, wherein further inside of the pressure chamber, preferably made in a shape of a seamless tube, a removable and replaceable, retractable, demountable crystallizer is attached to one its cover, while to the other cover retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible is attached. A heater having a form of a heating element encapsulated with insulation in a form of ceramic beads is provided between the inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible. The drain hole of the crucible of the melting furnace is directed toward the inlet filling hole of the crystallizer. An intermediate member, preferably in the form of a conical funnel, is provided between the melting furnace and the crystallizer. The pressure chamber is mounted rotatably on a supporting frame in the manner allowing its rotation around its transverse axis passing through the centre of the symmetry. Thermoelements are arranged in the melting furnace and in the crystallizer.
2a In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity, the pressure reactor comprising: a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected thereto, the pressure chamber connected to a vacuum installation and having an external cooling jacket; wherein inside of the pressure chamber; a retractable, removable, demountable crystallizer located inside of said pressure chamber attached to one of said covers; a retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible attached to a second cover; a heater in a form of a heating element encapsulated with an insulation in a form of ceramic beads provided between an inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible, wherein a drain hole of the crucible is directed in the direction of an inlet filling hole of the crystallizer;
an intermediate element fastened between the melting furnace and the crystallizer; wherein the pressure chamber is rotatably mounted in a supporting frame in a manner allowing its rotation around a transverse axis passing through its centre of symmetry.
Brief Description of the Drawing Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure reactor of the invention.
The retractable and removable crystallizer is constructed in such a manner that the base thereof is made of a material
Summary of the Invention The pressure reactor according to the invention for producing materials having directed porosity, consisting of a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected to it is characteristic by the pressure chamber connected to the vacuum installation having an external cooling jacket, wherein further inside of the pressure chamber, preferably made in a shape of a seamless tube, a removable and replaceable, retractable, demountable crystallizer is attached to one its cover, while to the other cover retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible is attached. A heater having a form of a heating element encapsulated with insulation in a form of ceramic beads is provided between the inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible. The drain hole of the crucible of the melting furnace is directed toward the inlet filling hole of the crystallizer. An intermediate member, preferably in the form of a conical funnel, is provided between the melting furnace and the crystallizer. The pressure chamber is mounted rotatably on a supporting frame in the manner allowing its rotation around its transverse axis passing through the centre of the symmetry. Thermoelements are arranged in the melting furnace and in the crystallizer.
2a In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity, the pressure reactor comprising: a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected thereto, the pressure chamber connected to a vacuum installation and having an external cooling jacket; wherein inside of the pressure chamber; a retractable, removable, demountable crystallizer located inside of said pressure chamber attached to one of said covers; a retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible attached to a second cover; a heater in a form of a heating element encapsulated with an insulation in a form of ceramic beads provided between an inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible, wherein a drain hole of the crucible is directed in the direction of an inlet filling hole of the crystallizer;
an intermediate element fastened between the melting furnace and the crystallizer; wherein the pressure chamber is rotatably mounted in a supporting frame in a manner allowing its rotation around a transverse axis passing through its centre of symmetry.
Brief Description of the Drawing Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure reactor of the invention.
The retractable and removable crystallizer is constructed in such a manner that the base thereof is made of a material
3 having the high thermal conductivity, and the side walls are made of insulating material or in such a manner that the base is made of the insulating material and the side walls are made of a material having high thermal conductivity. The base of the crystallizer is in direct contact with the cover or an additional insulating material is provided between the cover and the base of the crystallizer.
The use of an external cooling jacket prevents overheating of the pressure chamber, prevents uncontrolled heat losses and provides precise temperature control, allowing operating the process under isothermal conditions. Rotation of the apparatus around its own horizontal axis makes possible to use of the crucible having only one opening which is designated, first of all to fill in the crucible with the charge material, and after following melting of the charge material and rotation of the pressure chamber, the said opening serves to supply the crystallizer with liquid metal, allowing for quick and direct feeding of the crystallizer with liquid metal. During pouring the melt, an intermediate element between the crystallizer and the crucible ensures minimum heat loss and also provides a laminar flow of the metal from the crucible of the furnace into the crystallizer and prevents splashing of the metal inside the pressure chamber.
In the pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity according to the invention, thanks to the construction of the crystallizer being characteristic by different thermal conductivity of its walls, porous materials with pores of desired size, shape, and spatial distribution are obtained. By means of using the removable, replaceable, demountable and retractable crystallizer and the retractable melting furnace with the replaceable crucible repeating using of both these devices is allowed, as well as: easy loading of
The use of an external cooling jacket prevents overheating of the pressure chamber, prevents uncontrolled heat losses and provides precise temperature control, allowing operating the process under isothermal conditions. Rotation of the apparatus around its own horizontal axis makes possible to use of the crucible having only one opening which is designated, first of all to fill in the crucible with the charge material, and after following melting of the charge material and rotation of the pressure chamber, the said opening serves to supply the crystallizer with liquid metal, allowing for quick and direct feeding of the crystallizer with liquid metal. During pouring the melt, an intermediate element between the crystallizer and the crucible ensures minimum heat loss and also provides a laminar flow of the metal from the crucible of the furnace into the crystallizer and prevents splashing of the metal inside the pressure chamber.
In the pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity according to the invention, thanks to the construction of the crystallizer being characteristic by different thermal conductivity of its walls, porous materials with pores of desired size, shape, and spatial distribution are obtained. By means of using the removable, replaceable, demountable and retractable crystallizer and the retractable melting furnace with the replaceable crucible repeating using of both these devices is allowed, as well as: easy loading of
4 the melting crucible with a charge material, convenient removal of the resulting product from inside of the crystallizer and effortless inspection of the apparatus status which is convenient for the operator are ensured.
The flexible construction of the heater of the crucible makes possible shaping of the heating element in any desired manner, and allows to remove the crucible from the melting furnace.
The use of thermocouples in the melting furnace and in the crystallizer allows for precise and controlled conducting the process for producing materials having directed porosity, that results in significant reduction in the amount of defective materials and an increase in a quality of the produced materials.
The device according to the invention is characterized by safety operation and a stability of casting parameters thanks to the tight, hermetic chamber that are used and the isothermicity of the process.
In the pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity according to the present invention porous materials of plastics, non-ferrous metals, non-ferrous metal alloys, ferrous alloys and ceramics are cast.
The pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity according to the invention in an embodiment is presented in the drawing fig.l.
The pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity is constructed of a pressure chamber 1 with the outer cooling jacket 2. Inside the pressure chamber I made in the shape of the seamless tube, the removable, demountable crystallizer 4 is attached to one cover, while to the second cover 5 the melting furnace 6 with the inner, removable and replaceable crucible 7 is attached. The' heater 16 in the form of a heating element encapsulated with insulation 17 in a form of ceramic beads is provided between the inner housing of the melting furnace 6 and the crucible 7. The drain hole 8 of the crucible 7 is directed towards the filling inlet hole 9 of the crystallizer 4. The intermediate element 10 in the form of a conical funnel is fastened between the melting furnace 6 and the crystallizer 4; which the intermediate element 10 of the shape of the conical funnel with its larger diameter,adhers to the drain hole 8 of the crucible 7 and with the smaller diameter is directed towards the filling hole 9 of the crystallizer 4. The pressure chamber 1 is provided with a vacuum valve 19 and a working gas supplying valve 20. The pressure chamber 1 is mounted rotatably in a supporting frame 11 in a manner allowing its rotation around the transverse axis passing through its centre of the symmetry. The base 12 of the crystallizer 4 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, while the side walls 13 of the crystallizer 4 are made of insulating material. An additional insulation material 15 is provided between the base 12 of the crystallizer 4 and the cover 3. The crucible 7 of the melting furnace 6 and the crystallizer 4 are equipped with thermocouples 14 and 18 for measuring the temperature of the charge material and of the cast material.
A method for producing materials having directed porosity in a pressure reactor according to the invention:
The melting furnace 6 attached to the cover 5 is moved out outside of the pressure chamber 1 and some copper is placed in the crucible 7. The uploaded furnace 6 is then introduced into the pressure chamber 1 and the cover 5 is screwed on. Then, the crystallizer 4, the base 12 of which is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, is placed in the pressure chamber 1 and it is screwed down to the cover 3. The pressure chamber 1 is positioned in such a way that the melting furnace 6 is arranged in the lower part of the chamber while the crystallizer 4 is located in the upper part of the chamber.
After positioning of the pressure chamber 1 it is connected to the vacuum system by means of the vacuum valve 19 and the metal is then subjected to melting in the melting furnace 6.
Following the melting of the copper a gas mixture containing hydrogen under a pressure of 1 MPa is fed through the valve 20. The copper is saturated with hydrogen for 15 minutes.
After saturation of the copper with the hydrogen, the pressure chamber 1 is rotated by 180 and in this time, the molten copper saturated with hydrogen is poured from the crucible 7 of the melting furnace 6 via the intermediate element 10 into the crystallizer 4. The copper is solidified in the crystallizer 4 and in the meantime the working gas is discharged from the pressure chamber 1 through the vacuum valve 19. The finished cast is removed from the pressure chamber 1 together with the crystallizer 4. The resulting porous copper material has pores arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crystallizer.
The flexible construction of the heater of the crucible makes possible shaping of the heating element in any desired manner, and allows to remove the crucible from the melting furnace.
The use of thermocouples in the melting furnace and in the crystallizer allows for precise and controlled conducting the process for producing materials having directed porosity, that results in significant reduction in the amount of defective materials and an increase in a quality of the produced materials.
The device according to the invention is characterized by safety operation and a stability of casting parameters thanks to the tight, hermetic chamber that are used and the isothermicity of the process.
In the pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity according to the present invention porous materials of plastics, non-ferrous metals, non-ferrous metal alloys, ferrous alloys and ceramics are cast.
The pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity according to the invention in an embodiment is presented in the drawing fig.l.
The pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity is constructed of a pressure chamber 1 with the outer cooling jacket 2. Inside the pressure chamber I made in the shape of the seamless tube, the removable, demountable crystallizer 4 is attached to one cover, while to the second cover 5 the melting furnace 6 with the inner, removable and replaceable crucible 7 is attached. The' heater 16 in the form of a heating element encapsulated with insulation 17 in a form of ceramic beads is provided between the inner housing of the melting furnace 6 and the crucible 7. The drain hole 8 of the crucible 7 is directed towards the filling inlet hole 9 of the crystallizer 4. The intermediate element 10 in the form of a conical funnel is fastened between the melting furnace 6 and the crystallizer 4; which the intermediate element 10 of the shape of the conical funnel with its larger diameter,adhers to the drain hole 8 of the crucible 7 and with the smaller diameter is directed towards the filling hole 9 of the crystallizer 4. The pressure chamber 1 is provided with a vacuum valve 19 and a working gas supplying valve 20. The pressure chamber 1 is mounted rotatably in a supporting frame 11 in a manner allowing its rotation around the transverse axis passing through its centre of the symmetry. The base 12 of the crystallizer 4 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, while the side walls 13 of the crystallizer 4 are made of insulating material. An additional insulation material 15 is provided between the base 12 of the crystallizer 4 and the cover 3. The crucible 7 of the melting furnace 6 and the crystallizer 4 are equipped with thermocouples 14 and 18 for measuring the temperature of the charge material and of the cast material.
A method for producing materials having directed porosity in a pressure reactor according to the invention:
The melting furnace 6 attached to the cover 5 is moved out outside of the pressure chamber 1 and some copper is placed in the crucible 7. The uploaded furnace 6 is then introduced into the pressure chamber 1 and the cover 5 is screwed on. Then, the crystallizer 4, the base 12 of which is made of a material having high thermal conductivity, is placed in the pressure chamber 1 and it is screwed down to the cover 3. The pressure chamber 1 is positioned in such a way that the melting furnace 6 is arranged in the lower part of the chamber while the crystallizer 4 is located in the upper part of the chamber.
After positioning of the pressure chamber 1 it is connected to the vacuum system by means of the vacuum valve 19 and the metal is then subjected to melting in the melting furnace 6.
Following the melting of the copper a gas mixture containing hydrogen under a pressure of 1 MPa is fed through the valve 20. The copper is saturated with hydrogen for 15 minutes.
After saturation of the copper with the hydrogen, the pressure chamber 1 is rotated by 180 and in this time, the molten copper saturated with hydrogen is poured from the crucible 7 of the melting furnace 6 via the intermediate element 10 into the crystallizer 4. The copper is solidified in the crystallizer 4 and in the meantime the working gas is discharged from the pressure chamber 1 through the vacuum valve 19. The finished cast is removed from the pressure chamber 1 together with the crystallizer 4. The resulting porous copper material has pores arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crystallizer.
Claims (9)
1. A pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity, the pressure reactor comprising:
a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected thereto, the pressure chamber connected to a vacuum installation and having an external cooling jacket; wherein inside of the pressure chamber;
a retractable, removable, demountable crystallizer located inside of said pressure chamber attached to one of said covers;
a retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible attached to a second cover;
a heater in a form of a heating element encapsulated with an insulation in a form of ceramic beads provided between an inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible, wherein a drain hole of the crucible is directed in the direction of an inlet filling hole of the crystallizer;
an intermediate element fastened between the melting furnace and the crystallizer;
wherein the pressure chamber is rotatably mounted in a supporting frame in a manner allowing its rotation around a transverse axis passing through its centre of symmetry.
a pressure chamber provided with a gas inlet valve and covers detachably connected thereto, the pressure chamber connected to a vacuum installation and having an external cooling jacket; wherein inside of the pressure chamber;
a retractable, removable, demountable crystallizer located inside of said pressure chamber attached to one of said covers;
a retractable melting furnace with an internal removable crucible attached to a second cover;
a heater in a form of a heating element encapsulated with an insulation in a form of ceramic beads provided between an inner housing of the melting furnace and the crucible, wherein a drain hole of the crucible is directed in the direction of an inlet filling hole of the crystallizer;
an intermediate element fastened between the melting furnace and the crystallizer;
wherein the pressure chamber is rotatably mounted in a supporting frame in a manner allowing its rotation around a transverse axis passing through its centre of symmetry.
2. The pressure reactor according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the pressure chamber is a shape of a seamless tube.
3. The pressure reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate element is in the form of a conical funnel.
4. The pressure reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crystallizer is constructed having a base and side walls are made of a material with high thermal conductivity.
5. The pressure reactor according to claim 4, wherein said material is an insulating material.
6. The pressure reactor according to any one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the base of the crystallizer is in direct contact with the cover.
7. The pressure reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an additional insulating material arranged between the cover and the base of the crystallizer.
8. The pressure reactor according to claim 1, wherein thermocouples and are arranged in the melting furnace and in the crystallizer.
9. The pressure reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said materials having directed porosity are selected from the group consisting of plastics, non-ferrous metals, non-ferrous metal alloys, ferrous alloys and ceramics.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL405760A PL230400B1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2013-10-24 | Pressure reactor, producing materials with oriented porosity |
| PLPL.405760 | 2013-10-24 | ||
| PCT/IB2014/000905 WO2015059531A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2014-05-27 | The pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2886546A1 CA2886546A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 |
| CA2886546C true CA2886546C (en) | 2017-09-05 |
Family
ID=51014575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2886546A Expired - Fee Related CA2886546C (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2014-05-27 | Pressure reactor for producing materials having directed porosity |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20160008880A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2925469B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015008493A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2886546C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL230400B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015059531A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2605720C9 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-07-27 | Андрей Витальевич Елисеев | Method of producing metallurgical billets with porous structure and device for its implementation |
| CN106914606B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2019-05-24 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of casting compression solidification semi-successive cultivation device and method |
| WO2021161255A1 (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2021-08-19 | Junora Ltd | Systems and methods for casting sputtering targets |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3036187A (en) * | 1960-12-20 | 1962-05-22 | Electrothermal Eng Ltd | Flexible electric heater |
| FR2208743A1 (en) | 1972-10-09 | 1974-06-28 | Air Liquide | Foamed metal prodn. using hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide - prod. used in contruction of buildings, cars and aeroplanes |
| US4464565A (en) * | 1983-03-16 | 1984-08-07 | Spangler Glenn C | Extensible tape heater |
| US4966222A (en) * | 1989-10-05 | 1990-10-30 | Paton Boris E | Method of and apparatus for producing shaped castings |
| US5181549A (en) | 1991-04-29 | 1993-01-26 | Dmk Tek, Inc. | Method for manufacturing porous articles |
| DE19607805C1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-07-17 | Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh | Melting and casting metals |
| JP4245212B2 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2009-03-25 | 株式会社デンケン | Inverted pressure casting method and apparatus for dental technician |
| US20140110077A1 (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Casting Process and Apparatus |
-
2013
- 2013-10-24 PL PL405760A patent/PL230400B1/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-05-27 BR BR112015008493A patent/BR112015008493A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-05-27 CA CA2886546A patent/CA2886546C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-27 WO PCT/IB2014/000905 patent/WO2015059531A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-05-27 EP EP14732942.9A patent/EP2925469B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-05-27 US US14/435,264 patent/US20160008880A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2015059531A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
| EP2925469B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
| PL405760A1 (en) | 2015-04-27 |
| EP2925469A1 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| PL230400B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| BR112015008493A2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
| US20160008880A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
| CA2886546A1 (en) | 2015-04-24 |
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