JP2018511725A - 揮発性白金の捕獲領域を有する圧縮点火エンジン用排気システム - Google Patents
揮発性白金の捕獲領域を有する圧縮点火エンジン用排気システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018511725A JP2018511725A JP2017541706A JP2017541706A JP2018511725A JP 2018511725 A JP2018511725 A JP 2018511725A JP 2017541706 A JP2017541706 A JP 2017541706A JP 2017541706 A JP2017541706 A JP 2017541706A JP 2018511725 A JP2018511725 A JP 2018511725A
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- catalyst
- capture
- oxidation catalyst
- alumina
- substrate
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 278
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 532
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 341
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 243
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 243
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 156
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 145
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 124
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 100
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 51
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 37
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 15
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 13
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910015999 BaAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002061 Ni-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018879 Pt—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003668 SrAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005084 Strontium aluminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium aluminate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Sr+2].[Sr+2] FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Abstract
Description
(1)4NH2 + 4NO3 + O2 → 4N2 + 6H2O
(2)4NH3 + 2NO + 2NO2 → 4N2 + 6H2O;及び
(3)8NH3 + 6NO → 7N2 + 12H2O
により起こる。
(i)排気ガスを処理するための酸化触媒であって、基材と、基材の上に配置された、白金(Pt)を含む触媒材料とを含む酸化触媒;及び
(ii)捕獲材料を含む領域;
を備え、前記領域は、排気ガスが触媒材料と接触した及び/又は触媒材料を通過した後で排気ガスと接触するように配置される。
(i)排気ガスを処理するための酸化触媒であって、第1の基材と、第1の基材の上に配置された、白金(Pt)を含む触媒材料とを含む酸化触媒;及び
(ii)触媒材料からの揮発性白金(Pt)を捕獲するための捕獲ブリックであって、第2の基材と、第2の基材の上に配置された捕獲材料とを含む捕獲ブリック
を備え、捕獲ブリックは、排気ガスが酸化触媒を通過した後で排気ガスと接触するように配置される。
(i)排気ガスを処理するための酸化触媒であって、基材と、基材の上に配置された、白金(Pt)を含む触媒材料とを含む酸化触媒;及び
(ii)捕獲材料を含む領域;
を備える排気システムに通過させることを含み、前記領域は、排気ガスが触媒材料と接触した又は触媒材料を通過した後で排気ガスと接触するように配置される。
(a)≦約50m2/gの平均比表面積を有する耐火性酸化物の粒子、及び/又は
(b)≧約10nmの平均粒子径及び/又は≦約10%の分散度を有するPt合金化金属の粒子
を含むか、又はそのような粒子から本質的になる。
(a)≦約50m2/gの平均比表面積を有するか、又は上記に別途定義される耐火性酸化物の粒子、及び
(b)上記に定義されたPt合金化材料の粒子
を含むか又はこれら粒子から本質的になる捕獲材料に関する。
(a)白金(Pt)及びパラジウム(Pd)、好ましくは唯一のPGMとしてのPt及びPd;又は
(b)白金(Pt)及びロジウム(Rh)、好ましくは唯一のPGMとしてのPt及びRh;又は
(c)白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)及びロジウム(Rh)、好ましくは唯一のPGMとしてのPt、Pd及びRh
を含みうる。
(a)触媒領域の上に配置又は支持されうる;及び/又は
(b)基材の上に直接配置されうる[即ち捕獲領域は基材の表面と接触する];及び/又は
(c)触媒領域と接触しうる[即ち捕獲領域は触媒領域に隣接するか又は接する]。
本明細書において用いられる「混合酸化物」という用語は通常、当技術分野で従来既知のように、単一相の酸化物の混合物を指す。本明細書において用いられる「複合酸化物」という用語は通常、当技術分野で従来既知のように、二以上の相を有する酸化物の組成物を指す。
Pt及びPd塩の適量を、20ミクロン未満のd90に粉砕したシリカ−アルミナを含むウォッシュコートスラリーに加えた。ウォッシュコートを、従来コーティング技術を用いて、1平方インチ当たり600個のセル(cpsi)を有する1.9リットルのセラミック製フロースルー基材に塗布した。その結果得られたコーティング部品を、乾燥させ、500℃でか焼して、酸化触媒を生成した。その結果得られた酸化触媒は、PGMの総負荷量が150g ft−3であり、Pt:Pdの重量比が3:1であった。
Pt及びPd塩の適量を、20ミクロン未満のd90に粉砕したシリカ−アルミナを含むウォッシュコートスラリーに加えた。ウォッシュコートを、従来のコーティング技術を用いて、600cpsiを有する1.9リットルのセラミック製フロースルー基材に塗布した。その結果得られたコーティング部品を、乾燥させ、500℃でか焼して、酸化触媒を生成した。その結果得られた酸化触媒は、PGMの総負荷量が150g ft−3であり、Pt:Pdの重量比が3:1であった。
Pt及びPd塩の適量を、20ミクロン未満のd90に粉砕したシリカ−アルミナを含むウォッシュコートスラリーに加えた。ウォッシュコートを、従来のコーティング技術を用いて、600cpsiを有する1.9リットルのセラミック製フロースルー基材に塗布した。その結果得られたコーティング部品を、乾燥させ、500℃でか焼して、酸化触媒を生成した。その結果得られた酸化触媒は、PGMの総負荷量が150g ft−3であり、Pt:Pdの重量比が3:1であった。
エイジング
実施例1、2及び3の触媒を、2.4リットルのベンチに搭載された、<10ppmの硫黄燃料を用いるエンジン上で各々発熱エイジングさせた。発熱サイクルを、燃料の事後注入により実行し、250kg/時の排気流量で20分間750℃のブリック内温度を生成した。各触媒に対し、1600分のエイジングに相当する80の発熱サイクルを完了させた。
実施例1、2及び3のエイジングさせた触媒を、1200 rpmのエンジン速度で運転される2.4リットルのベンチ搭載型エンジン上で試験することにより、NO酸化性能について評価した。結果は、250℃の触媒入口温度で記録され、表1に示される。表1の結果は、250℃における、実施例1、2及び3のNO酸化性能を示している。
3wt%のCu/CHAゼオライトでコーティングされた基材の調製
市販のアルミノシリケートCHAゼオライトを、撹拌しながらCu(NO3)2の水溶液に加えた。スラリーを濾過し、次いで洗浄して乾燥させた。この手順は、所望の金属負荷量が達成されるまで繰り返すことができる。最終生成物をか焼した。混合後、バインダー及びレオロジー調節剤を加えてウォッシュコート組成物を形成した。
シリカ−アルミナ粉末を、水中においてスラリー化し、d90<20ミクロンまで粉砕した。酢酸バリウムをスラリーに加え、その後、適量の可溶性の白金とパラジウムの塩を加えた。スラリーが質量で77%のシリカ−アルミナと23%のゼオライトを含むように、ベータゼオライトを加えた。次いでスラリーを撹拌して均質にした。その結果得られたウォッシュコートを、従来のコーティング技術を用いて、400cpsiを有するコーディエライトフロースルー モノリスの入口流路に塗布した。この部品を次いで乾燥させた。
約150m2/gの表面積を有するシリカ−アルミナ粉末を、水中においてスラリー化し、d90<20ミクロンに粉砕した。可溶性のパラジウム塩を加え、混合物を攪拌して均質化した。このスラリーを、従来のコーティング技術を用いて、実施例5により作製された触媒の出口端に、1インチのコーティング深さまで塗布した。この1インチの捕獲コーティングのPd負荷量は20g ft−3であった。
<10m2/gの比表面積(SSA)を有するアルファアルミナにPd塩及びギ酸を含浸させた。混合物を、乾燥させ、500℃でか焼した。その結果得られた粉末は、CO化学吸着により、1%のPd分散度測定値を有していた。この粉末を、20ミクロンのd90に粉砕し、従来のコーティング技術を用いて、実施例5により作製された触媒の出口端に、1インチのコーティング深さまで塗布した。コーティングを乾燥させ、500℃でか焼した。深さ1インチのPd負荷量は20g ft−3であった。
システム試験
図1に示す第1の合成触媒活性試験(SCAT)の実験室規模反応器において試験を実施した。図中、実施例4のコーティングされたCu/CHAゼオライトSCR触媒のエイジングしたコアが、コンジット内において、実施例5、6又は7の触媒コアの下流に配置された。合成ガス混合物を、1分間に6リットルのレートでコンジットに通過させた。炉を使用して、900℃の触媒出口温度における定常温度で2時間、酸化触媒試料を加熱した(即ち「エイジング」させた)。SCR触媒を、酸化触媒試料の下流に配置し、炉の出口とSCR入口の間の管の長さを調整することにより、エイジングプロセスの間300℃の触媒温度に保持した。但し水冷熱交換器ジャケットが適宜使用できた。温度は、適切に配置された熱電対(T1及びT2)を用いて決定された。エイジングの間に使用されるガス混合物は、40%が空気、50%がN2、10%がH2Oであった。
Claims (32)
- 圧縮点火エンジンによって生成される排気ガスを処理するための酸化触媒であって:
基材;
基材の上に配置された、白金(Pt)を含む触媒材料;及び
捕獲材料を含む領域
を含み、前記領域が、排気ガスが触媒材料と接触した及び/又は触媒材料を通過した後で排気ガスと接触するように配置されている、酸化触媒。 - 捕獲材料が、≧約10nmの平均粒子径を有するPt合金化金属の粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の酸化触媒。
- 捕獲材料が、≦約10%の分散度を有するPt合金化金属の粒子を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の酸化触媒。
- Pt合金化材料が金属及び/又はその酸化物を含み、前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd);金(Au);銅(Cu);PdとAuの混合物;PdとCuの混合物;AuとCuの混合物;Pd、Au及びCuの混合物;PdとAuのバイメタル合金;PdとCuのバイメタル合金;AuとCuのバイメタル合金;並びにPd、Au及びCuのトリメタル合金からなる群より選択される、請求項2又は3に記載の酸化触媒。
- 前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd)、PdとAuの混合物、及びPdとAuのバイメタル合金からなる群より選択される、請求項4に記載の酸化触媒。
- 捕獲材料が、≦約50m2/gの平均比表面積を有する耐火性酸化物の粒子を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 耐火性酸化物が、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア及びこれらの混合又は複合酸化物からなる群より選択され、前記混合又は複合酸化物が、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア、シリカ−アルミナ、チタニア−アルミナ、ジルコニア−アルミナ、セリア−アルミナ、チタニア−シリカ、ジルコニア−シリカ、ジルコニア−チタニア、セリア−ジルコニア及びアルミナ−酸化マグネシウムからなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の酸化触媒。
- 触媒材料が、支持材料の上に配置又は支持された白金(Pt)を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 触媒材料が、(i)白金(Pt)と、(ii)パラジウム(Pd)及び/又はロジウム(Rh)とを含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 触媒材料が、≧1:1のPt:Pdの質量比でPt及びPdを含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 触媒材料が、≧1:1のPt:Rhの質量比でPt及びRhを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 捕獲領域が触媒領域の上に配置又は支持されている、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 捕獲領域が基材の上に直接配置されている、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 捕獲領域が触媒領域と接触している、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 捕獲領域が捕獲ゾーンであり、触媒領域が捕獲ゾーンの上流に配置又は支持されている、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 触媒領域が触媒層であり、捕獲領域が捕獲ゾーンであり、捕獲ゾーンが触媒層の上に配置又は支持されている、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 基材が入口端表面及び出口端表面を有し、排気ガスが触媒材料と接触した及び/又は触媒材料を通過した後で排気ガスと接触するように配置された捕獲材料を含む領域が、基材の出口端表面の上に配置された捕獲材料である、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- さらに捕獲ゾーンを備え、前記捕獲ゾーンが、基材内部の複数の流路壁の上に配置又は支持された捕獲材料を含み、且つ≦25mmの平均長を有する、請求項17に記載の酸化触媒。
- 基材がフロースルーモノリス基材である、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 基材がフィルタモノリス基材である、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- ディーゼル酸化触媒(DOC)、触媒化スートフィルタ(CSF)、NOx吸蔵触媒(NSC)、受動的NOx吸蔵還元触媒(PNA)又はディーゼル発熱触媒(DEC)である、請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒。
- 圧縮点火エンジンによって生成される排気ガスを処理するための排気システムであって、請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載の酸化触媒と、排ガス制御装置とを備える排気システム。
- 圧縮点火エンジンの排気システム内において白金(Pt)を含む触媒材料から揮発性白金(Pt)を捕獲するための捕獲ブリックであって:
基材;及び
前記基材の上に配置される捕獲材料
を含む捕獲ブリック。 - 捕獲材料が、≧約10nmの平均粒子径を有するPt合金化金属の粒子を含む、請求項23に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- 捕獲材料が、≦約10%の分散度を有するPt合金化金属の粒子を含む、請求項23又は24に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- Pt合金化材料が金属及び/又はその酸化物を含み、前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd);金(Au);銅(Cu);PdとAuの混合物;PdとCuの混合物;AuとCuの混合物;Pd、Au及びCuの混合物;PdとAuのバイメタル合金;PdとCuのバイメタル合金;AuとCuのバイメタル合金;並びにPd、Au及びCuのトリメタル合金からなる群より選択される、請求項24又は25に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- 前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd)、PdとAuの混合物、及びPdとAuのバイメタル合金からなる群より選択される、請求項26に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- 捕獲材料が、≦約50m2/gの平均比表面積を有する耐火性酸化物の粒子を含む、請求項23から27のいずれか一項に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- 耐火性酸化物が、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア及びこれらの混合又は複合酸化物からなる群より選択され、前記混合又は複合酸化物が、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア、シリカ−アルミナ、チタニア−アルミナ、ジルコニア−アルミナ、セリア−アルミナ、チタニア−シリカ、ジルコニア−シリカ、ジルコニア−チタニア、セリア−ジルコニア及びアルミナ−酸化マグネシウムからなる群より選択される、請求項28に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- 基材がフロースルーモノリス基材である、請求項23から29のいずれか一項に記載の捕獲ブリック。
- 圧縮点火エンジンによって生成される排気ガスを処理するための排気システムであって:
(i)排気ガスを処理するための酸化触媒であって、第1の基材と、前記第1の基材の上に配置された、白金(Pt)を含む触媒材料とを含む酸化触媒;及び
(ii)請求項23から30のいずれか一項に記載の捕獲ブリック
を備え、前記捕獲ブリックは、排気ガスが酸化触媒を通過した後で排気ガスと接触するように配置される、排気システム。 - 酸化触媒が、請求項1から21のいずれか一項において定義されるものである、請求項31に記載の排気システム。
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GB2552424B (en) | 2018-05-16 |
JP6803843B2 (ja) | 2020-12-23 |
RU2017131594A (ru) | 2019-03-13 |
RU2730511C2 (ru) | 2020-08-24 |
GB2552424A (en) | 2018-01-24 |
BR112017017080A2 (pt) | 2018-04-10 |
GB2535327B (en) | 2017-08-16 |
RU2017131594A3 (ja) | 2019-04-30 |
CN107206357A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
CN107206357B (zh) | 2020-01-03 |
KR102329476B1 (ko) | 2021-11-23 |
GB201805545D0 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
US20160236179A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
US10179325B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
GB201710940D0 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
GB201602179D0 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
GB2560115B (en) | 2019-10-09 |
EP3256251B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
GB2535327A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
EP3256251B8 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
DE102016102121A1 (de) | 2016-08-18 |
WO2016128720A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
EP3256251A1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
KR20170117410A (ko) | 2017-10-23 |
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