JP2018502012A - Swimming and diving aids - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a swimming and diving aid having a hull on which a user rides or stands, which has a flow path for accommodating a propeller disposed in the hull and driven by an electric motor. The electric motor has a radially outward propeller blade attached to the base portion and the motor motor has a rigidly arranged motor stator and a rotating rotor spatially assigned to the motor stator. The rotor of the electric motor is coupled directly or indirectly to at least one outer end of the at least one propeller blade so that the motor stator can be at least partially arranged circumferentially around the rotor. This motor configuration enables dynamic driving of the swimming and diving aid. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a swimming and diving aid having a hull on which a user rides or stands, which has a flow path for accommodating a propeller disposed in the hull and driven by an electric motor. The electric motor has a radially outward propeller blade attached to the base portion and the motor motor has a rigidly arranged motor stator and a rotating rotor spatially assigned to the motor stator.

  A swimming and diving aid of this kind is known from DE 10 2004 049 615. They have a handle configuration that allows the user to grip while placing a part of the upper body on the upper side of the water vehicle hull. A flow path for accommodating the propeller is disposed in the hull. The propeller is driven by an electric motor supplied with electricity via a storage battery. For this purpose, the propeller is connected to the electric motor via a drive shaft. The electric motor is held in a receiving housing that extends to the propeller. The drive shaft is guided from the housing to the propeller via the seal cassette. The watertight housing housing thus designed is placed with an electric motor in a chamber in the hull of a swimming / submersion aid immersed in water, and releases its waste heat to the flowing water. For this purpose, the propeller, electric motor and associated control device are designed as submersible drive units and are placed in the flow path.

  Such a configuration has the disadvantage that the electric motor is placed in the flow path and thus greatly affects the flow of water, contrary to the advantage that a compact design and good efficiency is achieved by cooling. This applies in particular to powerful electric motors that provide high torque for rapid acceleration of swimming and diving aids, with a relatively small diameter and thus a drive shaft with a short lever arm in the force transmission area. The torque must be transmitted to the propeller via The flow path must therefore be dimensioned sufficiently large to compensate for shadowing caused by the electric motor. The dimensions of swimming and diving aids are affected thereby.

  Accordingly, German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2013 100 544 proposes a water vehicle in which a propeller is arranged in a flow path. The hull of the water vehicle is provided with a flooding chamber that is filled with water through the water passing through the opening during ascent and diving operations. The electric motor and associated accumulator are placed in the flooding chamber and are thus efficiently cooled without affecting the flow in the flow path. Energy transfer from the electric motor to the propeller takes place via a drive shaft guided in a jacket tube guided from the flooding chamber to the flow path. In this way, the electric motor is removed from the flow area of the flow path. However, the electric motor is still cooled by thermally conductive contact with the water in the flooding chamber.

  In this configuration, the weight is added to the water vehicle by inevitably extending the drive shaft, which is disadvantageous, in particular for seriously affecting the transport of the sport device out of the water. Increasing the mass inertia of the drive shaft affects the dynamics of the drive, which must be compensated by a correspondingly more powerful electric motor, which has the disadvantage of increasing energy consumption. Further inconvenience arises due to interference in the flow in the flow path due to the drive shaft being guided and interference due to the blocking of the normally smooth walls of the flow path in the area where the drive shaft is guided. Interference reduces efficiency.

German Patent No. 10 2004 049 615 German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2013 100 544

  An object of the present invention is to provide a swimming and diving aid having high dynamic drive and low weight.

  The object of the present invention is to directly or indirectly couple the rotor of an electric motor to at least one outer end of at least one propeller blade and to arrange the motor stator at least partly circumferentially around the rotor. It is solved by doing. Thus, the rotor moves on a large circular path having a relatively large distance with respect to the axis of rotation. Thus, a high torque transmitted to the propeller is achieved. Due to the high torque, a quick change to the rotation speed of the propeller can be achieved, which allows a high dynamic drive of the swimming and diving aid.

  In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer end of at least part of the propeller blade is connected to the propeller ring, the rotor is arranged on the propeller ring, and / or the outer end of at least part of the propeller blade. It may be provided that the part is connected to the annular rotor housing and the rotor is arranged in the rotor housing. Thus, the driving force is transmitted through the plurality of propeller blades, thereby greatly reducing the mechanical load on the individual propeller blades. Therefore, it is possible to transmit a very high driving force to the propeller. The centrifugal force of the rotor is transmitted to the propeller ring or rotor housing. The traction forces acting on the diametrically opposed regions of the propeller ring or rotor housing cancel each other, so that the propeller blades are not subjected to a tensile load. This extends the life of the propeller blade. The propeller ring may constitute the inner base of the rotor housing. If a rotor housing is used, the rotor is protected from water.

  Since the propeller ring and / or the rotor housing are integrally formed on the propeller, simple and inexpensive production can be achieved. Thus, the propeller can be manufactured in one working step together with the propeller ring or rotor housing.

  Electricity in that the rotor has a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in the direction of rotation of the rotor and / or that the motor stator has a plurality of electromagnets arranged in the circumferential direction of the circular path along which the rotor moves. A simple and safe design of the motor can be achieved. Due to the design of the rotor with permanent magnets, there is no need to send electricity to the rotor. Thus, waterproof electricity supply to the rotating components is eliminated. Multiple pole pairs are achieved by using multiple permanent magnets and electromagnets. Thereby, a high torque electric motor is obtained.

  Advantageously, a flow stator with stator blades is arranged downstream of the propeller in the direction of water flow, the flow stator is attached directly or indirectly to the walls of the flow path via the stator blades, and Alternatively, a stator housing that houses the motor stator may be provided to be connected directly or indirectly to the outer end of at least a portion of the stator blade. The stator blades are aligned so that a conversion of the rotational motion of water into linear motion occurs. Thereby, the energy stored in the rotation of water can be obtained for the swimming / diving aid. By mounting the flow stator on the flow path, the flow stator is placed in the flow path. Therefore, even if the flow rate of water is high in the flow path, the position does not change. The stator is preferably arranged circumferentially with respect to the circular path along which the rotor moves. Thereby, a stator is arrange | positioned fixedly. Both requirements can easily be met by a stator housing connected to the flow stator.

  Since the stator housing of the electric motor is integrally formed on the flow stator, simple and inexpensive production can be achieved. Therefore, the flow stator and the stator housing of the electric motor can be manufactured in one working process.

  In order to achieve the desired drive of the swimming and diving aid, the corresponding amount of water must be accelerated to a sufficient speed. This requires a sufficiently large flow cross section. In order to be able to achieve a sufficiently large flow cross-sectional area, it may be provided that the rotor and / or motor stator is arranged in a transverse recess in the flow path. Thus, the electric motor is disposed outside the main flow of water guided in the flow path. In this way, the cross section of the flow path can be reduced as opposed to a design in which the electric motor is placed in the flow path. Since the flow path occupies a considerable portion of the hull, the entire swimming / diving aid can be designed more compactly without reducing the driving force.

  By securing the propeller axially on a rotatably mounted shaft located in the flow path, a simple and robust attachment of the propeller can be achieved.

  Corresponding to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the shaft is designed as a hollow shaft and / or that the shaft is manufactured from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic material. By implementing the shaft as a hollow shaft, weight reduction can be achieved without substantially impairing the stability and rigidity of the shaft. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic material (CFRP) has a significantly lower density while at the same time having a very high stiffness compared to shafts made from metal. Therefore, a lighter shaft made of CFRP can be used to rotatably mount the propeller and to transmit propulsive force from the propeller to the hull of the swimming and diving aid. Therefore, the swimming and diving aid can be carried more easily outside the water. The lower inertia of the motor shaft caused by the lower mass results in an increase in the driving force of the swimming and diving aid at the same power provided by the electric motor, which is essential for the swimming and diving aid as a water sports device Represents the benefits of This is especially true because the installable output of the electric motor used and the storage capacity of the associated energy storage are strongly limited in transportable water sports devices.

  Preferably, the centering device provided with the base body and the centering bar is arranged upstream of the propeller in the direction of flow of the water flowing through the flow path, and the centering device flows directly or indirectly through the centering bar. It may be provided that it is attached to a road wall. The propeller may be rotatably mounted on a centering device that is held stationary. Thereby, the centering bar is streamlined so as to provide a low flow resistance against the running water.

  A strong force acts on the propeller, and this force acts on the propeller even in a direction crossing the rotation axis because water flows turbulently in the flow path. In order to safely shut off these forces and still allow a smooth rotation of the propeller, it may be provided that the bearing with the shaft attached is arranged on the centering device and the flow stator, respectively. Shaft vibration and bending can be prevented by mounting on both sides. Thereby, the radial position of the propeller is firmly attached. This makes it possible to provide only a small gap between the rotor and the stator mounted radially outward of the rotor. With these measures, a highly efficient electric motor can be obtained. Collisions between the rotor and the stator or between the rotor housing and the stator housing can be safely prevented.

  The first bearing housing is designed in the base of the centering device so that the shaft can be installed permanently and smoothly, the front bearing is held in the first bearing housing, and the first The bearing housing may be closed watertight with respect to the flow path with a removable inflow cap. Therefore, the front bearing is protected from moisture. When maintenance is required, the front bearing can be easily reached by removing the inflow cap.

  The additional bearing housing is designed in the stator body of the flow stator, the rear bearing is held in the additional bearing housing, and the additional bearing housing is watertightly closed by a removable bearing support ring Thus, a permanent and smooth attachment of the shaft can be further achieved. Therefore, the rear bearing is protected from moisture. If maintenance is required, the rear bearing can be easily reached by removing the bearing support ring.

  Swimming and diving aids function as water sports devices. For this purpose, the swimming and diving aid must be designed so that the user does not hurt himself on the device. In order to prevent the user from touching the traveling propeller, a contact protection portion having a contact protection bar formed thereon is disposed on the side of the flow stator facing outward from the propeller, and the contact protection bar is It may be provided that it is directly or indirectly attached to the wall of the flow path, and preferably that the base body of the contact protector is connected to the flow stator. Thereby, the contact protection bar is designed so as not to affect the flow of water as much as possible, but to prevent reaching the flow path. If the base body of the contact protector is connected to the flow stator, this can be additionally supported with respect to the flow path. Thereby, the position of the rear bearing of the shaft is further stabilized, and consequently the position of the propeller in the radial direction is stabilized.

Corresponding to a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the invention, the submersible drive unit is formed from at least an electric motor having a rotor housing and a stator housing, a centering device, an inflow cap, a flow stator, and a propeller having a shaft and a bearing. May be provided. The underwater drive unit may be assembled in advance as a module and installed in the flow path. This greatly simplifies the assembly of swimming and diving aids and reduces production costs.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of a swimming / diving aid as seen from behind.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the swimming / diving aid shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from below.
FIG. 3 is a side cut-away view of the area of the flow path drawn in an open state of the swimming / diving aid.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a swimming / diving aid equipped with an underwater drive unit that is also shown in cross section.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a part of the cut view shown in FIG. 4 in the area of the propeller.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a part of the cut view shown in FIG. 4 in the front bearing region.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a part of the cut view shown in FIG. 4 in the rear bearing region.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of the swimming / diving aid 10 as seen from behind. The swimming / diving aid 10 has a hull 11. The hull 11 is combined from an upper part 11.6 and a lower part 11.4. Two handles 16 arranged on both sides of the hull 11 are provided in the upper part 11.6. The user can hold the handle 16 and control the swimming / diving aid 10 using the operation element 16.1 attached to the handle 16. In particular, the engine output of the swimming / diving aid 10 can be changed here. The user holding the handle 16 places the upper body on the upper part 11.6 on the contact surface 11.3 in the area behind the display 13. In order to fix the belt system, a holder 11.7 is attached to the contact surface 11.3 so that the user can belt himself / herself on the swimming / diving aid 10. A cap 12 for the charging socket is placed in front of the contact surface 11.3, and the charging socket is shown as being on the back side of the cap. The storage battery accommodated in the hull 11 can be charged via the charging socket.

  A transport handle 11.2 is disposed on the side of the hull 11 so that the swimming and diving aid 10 can be transported out of the water.

  A removable protective cover 14 is fixed to the hull 11 between the two handles 16 upstream of the display 13 in the direction of travel. The protective cover 14 overlaps with an assembly part (not shown) of the swimming / diving aid 10. A vent opening 15.1 is provided laterally in the protective cover 15, which is provided in the hull 11 and connected to a flooding chamber 17 shown in FIG.

  A water inlet 15.2 is provided in the area of the bow 11.1 through which water can flow into the flooding chamber 17. The flooding chamber 17 can be vented through the vent opening 15.1 of the protective cover 14 for this purpose. The buoyancy of the swimming / diving aid device 10 is adjusted by the flooding chamber 17 filled with water so that a predetermined buoyancy is maintained so that both the ascent and diving operations are possible. A water outlet opening 15.3 covered by slats is located on the stern 11.5 of the swimming and diving aid 10 and likewise connects to the flooding chamber 17. The flooding chamber 17 is submerged, and water enters the water inlet opening 15.2 and the water outlet opening 15.3 as soon as the swimming and diving aid apparatus 10 is placed in the water. As soon as the swimming / diving aid 10 shifts to the running mode, a flow is generated in the flooding chamber 17. Thereby, water enters the flooding chamber 17 via the water inlet opening 15.2. The water flows through the flooding chamber 17, thereby hanging on the storage battery required to drive the electrical components held in the flooding chamber 17, such as the swimming and diving aid 10. Thereby, the water receives the dissipated power of the electric component and cools the electric component. After flowing through the flooding chamber 17, the water exits the flooding chamber through the water outlet opening 15.3, which is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the outlet 26 of the flow path 20. . The contact protection unit 70 is disposed on the end side of the flow path 20 and prevents the user from reaching the flow path 20.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the swimming / diving aid 10 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from below.

  The water inlet opening shown in FIG. 1 is visible at the bow 11.1 of the hull 11. A side overflow opening 17.1 is provided on the side of the lower part 11.4 of the hull 11. An additional lower overflow opening 17.2 is introduced in the front region of the lower part 11.4 and is covered by ribs formed in the hull 11. The left and right inflow openings 21.1 and 21.2 of the flow path 20 are arranged at the center of the lower part 11.4. The inflow openings 21.1, 21.2 are separated from one another by a guide element 22.1. Protection bars 22.2, 22.3 are arranged in the region of the inlet openings 21.1, 21.2.

  The overflow openings 17.1, 17.2 are connected to the flooding chamber 17 shown in FIG. 3 in the same manner as the water inlet opening 15.2. When the swimming / diving aid 10 is placed in the water, the water flows through the overflow openings 17.1, 17.2 and the water inlet opening 15.2 to the flooding chamber 17, thereby allowing the swimming / diving aid 10 to Adjust the desired buoyancy. When the swimming and diving aid 10 is removed from the water, the water can be drained from the flooding chamber 17 through the overflow openings 17.1, 17.2, and from the flooding chamber 17 through the water inlet opening 15.2. This greatly reduces the weight of the swimming / diving aid 10 and thus makes it easy to transport.

  Water is drawn through the inlet openings 21. 1, 21.2 by the propeller 50 arranged in the flow path 20 and through the flow path 20, as shown in FIG. Accelerate to 26. Propulsion for swimming and diving aids is thus performed. The guide element 22.1 and the protection bars 22.2, 22.3 prevent large foreign objects from being inhaled or prevent the user from touching the traveling propeller 50. Furthermore, the guide element 22.1 and the rib arranged in front of it have a stabilizing effect in the running mode of the swimming / diving aid 10.

  FIG. 3 shows the swimming and diving aid 10 in a side cut-away view in the region of the channel 20 drawn in an open state. Accordingly, the cut surface extends to the right in parallel with the central longitudinal direction surface of the swimming / diving aid 10 in the traveling direction.

  The channel 20 is curved from the lower side of the swimming / diving aid 10 to the stern and guided into the hull 11. The flow path 20 is formed by the left front flow path half shell 23 and the right front flow path half shell 24 in the traveling direction toward the inflow ports 21.1 and 21.2. The channel half shells 23, 24 are precisely joined to each other and connected by a connecting element. In this way, the front channel portion is formed with a smooth surface. A part of the flooding chamber 17 that also partially surrounds the space around the flow path 20 in the rear region of the swimming and diving aid 10 is shown in front of the flow path 20 in the traveling direction.

  A propeller 50 having an electric motor 110 assigned thereto, a centering device 40 arranged upstream of the propeller 50 in the flow direction, an inflow cap 30 pluggably attached to the centering device 40, and downstream of the propeller 50 in the flow direction An underwater drive unit is disposed in the flow path 20, comprising a flow stator 60 disposed on the rear and a subsequent contact protector 70 having an attached end cap 80.

  A contact protection part 70 is arranged in the region of the ejection pipe 25. The ejection pipe 25 is disposed downstream of the flow stator 60 in the flow direction. The ejection pipe forms a flow path 20 between the flow stator 60 and the ejection port 26.

  A retaining ring 19 and a connection ring 18 in the circumferential direction of the spout 26 form a connection from the spout tube 25 to the hull 11.

  The propeller 50 has a base portion 52 on which a propeller blade 54 protruding radially outward is molded. In this embodiment, the propeller blade 54 is obliquely aligned with the base portion 52 so that water is sucked from the inflow openings 21.1 and 21.2 and discharged from the jet outlet 26 when the propeller 50 rotates clockwise. doing.

  In order to drive the propeller 50, the rotor 112 of the electric motor 110 is connected. The rotor 112 is directly coupled to the outer end of the propeller blade 54 of the propeller 50 for this purpose. During rotation of the propeller 50, the rotor 112 moves on a circular path around the propeller 50. A motor stator 111 of the electric motor 110 is disposed around the circular path.

  A driving force is generated between the motor stator 111 and the rotor 112. The driving force is transmitted to the propeller 50 at the end of the propeller blade 54 by the rotor 112. Therefore, force is transmitted with a large radius where a large torque is generated. Implicitly, a very fast rotational speed change of the propeller 50, and thus a speed change of the swimming and diving aid 10, is realized at a given output of the electric motor 110.

  The motor stator 111 and the rotor 112 are arranged on the side of the flow path cross section of the flow path 20, which is determined by the flow path half shells 23 and 24, the outer diameter of the circular path of the propeller blade, and the ejection pipe 25. . Thus, the electric motor 110 is not present in the mainstream region of water accelerated within the flow path 20 and thus does not adversely affect the available flow cross-section and thus the water flow. Therefore, when the volume flow rate through the flow path 20 is the same, the flow path 20 having a smaller diameter is designed as compared with the configuration in which the electric motor 110 acting on the drive shaft is provided in the flow path 20 as usual. be able to. Thereby, the whole design of the swimming / diving aid 10 can be configured more compactly.

  The centering device 40 has a streamlined base body 41 to which a centering bar 42 aligned radially outward is connected, and the centering bar is similarly designed to be streamlined. A centering device 40 is attached to the flow path half shells 23, 24 using a centering bar 42. The inflow cap 30 is attached to the base body 41 of the centering device 40 in the direction opposite to the flow direction. The inflow cap 30 similarly has a streamline inflow surface 31, and the inflow surface 31 gradually moves to the surface of the base body 41. The diameter of the base body 41 is adapted toward the propeller 50 with respect to the diameter of the base portion 52 of the propeller 50. Due to this shape of the inflow cap 30, the base 41 of the centering device 40, and the base portion 52 of the propeller 50, a low flow resistance is achieved for the water flowing through the flow path 20.

  The flow stator 60 has a stator base 61 on which stator blades 65 facing radially outward are arranged. The stator blade 65 is directly connected to the flow path 20 on the end side. Therefore, the flow stator 60 is fixedly disposed in the flow path 20.

  The stator blade 65 is designed to be curved along the water flow direction. The end of the stator blade 65 facing the propeller 50 is curved at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation direction of the propeller 50. In contrast, the end of the stator blade 65 facing outward from the propeller 50 extends substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the propeller 50. The water exits propeller 50 in a spiral path. Due to the shape of the stator blade 65, the flow stator 60 acts against the rotation of water flowing through the flow path 18 [original text: 20 error], and the water is substantially rotated downstream of the flow stator 60. Instead, it flows to the spout 26. Thereby, the rotational energy of water is converted into linear kinetic energy, and thus functions to drive the swimming / diving aid 10.

  The diameter of the stator base 61 preferably corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the base portion 52 of the propeller 50. Thus, a lower flow resistance is achieved during the transition from the water propeller 50 to the flow stator 60.

  The contact protection part 70 is connected to the ejection pipe 25 of the flow path 20 via the contact protection bar 72 arrange | positioned radially. Therefore, the contact protection part 70 is fixedly disposed in the flow path 20. The contact protection bar 72 is designed to be streamlined. The contact protection bar is connected to the base body 71 of the contact protection unit 70 at the inner end. The base body 71 has a streamline profile. The diameter of the base body 71 facing the flow stator 60 corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the stator base 61 of the flow stator 60. Accordingly, a lower flow resistance is achieved during the transition from the water flow stator 60 to the contact protector 70. The diameter of the base body 71 is tapered toward the ejection port 26. Thereby, the outer surface preferably follows the process of the surface of the ejection tube 25 at a certain distance. The distance between the surface of the base body 71 and the ejection pipe 25 defines the flow cross section of the water that flows away. The flow cross-section is selected by the shape of the base body 71 and the jet tube 25 so that a larger volume flow is allowed by a sufficiently large cross-section, but with the smallest possible cross-section the water towards the jet 26 A high flow rate is simultaneously imposed.

  The base body 71 of the contact protection unit 70 is terminated on the end side by an end cap 80. A cap opening 81 is introduced into the end cap 80. Water from the base body 71 designed as a hollow body can flow out through the cap opening 81.

  FIG. 4 shows a swimming and diving aid 10 with a submerged drive unit, also shown in cross section, in a cross-sectional view.

  In contrast to the depiction shown in FIG. 3, the cut surface of FIG. 4 extends along the central longitudinal section of the swimming and diving aid so that the components of the underwater drive unit are also shown in the cut surface.

  Propeller 50 is secured to shaft 90 as will be described in more detail in FIG. A first bearing housing 45 is attached to the centering device 40. A shaft 90 is rotatably attached to the first bearing housing 45. This is shown in detail in FIG. A second bearing housing 63 is attached to the flow stator 60. The shaft 90 is rotatably attached to the second bearing housing 63. The second bearing housing is shown enlarged in FIG.

  The base body 71 of the contact protection unit 70 is designed as a hollow body. Water can flow in and out of the base body 71 through the cap opening 81 of the end cap 80, which is also designed as a hollow body.

  As shown, the left front channel half shell 23 has a left joint profile 23.1 and a mounting eyelet 23.2 along the central longitudinal section of the channel 20. The right front flow path half shell 24 shown in FIG. 3 is attached with its edge fixed to the left guide [original text] profile 23.1 and attached to the two flow path half shells 24 [original text: errors of 23, 24]. Are firmly connected by suitable fastening means, preferably by screws guided through mounting eyelets 23.2. Seal material can be inserted into the left joint profile 23.1.

  FIG. 5 shows a portion of the cutaway depiction shown in FIG. 4 in the region of propeller 50.

  The shaft 90 is implemented as a hollow shaft. The shaft 90 is preferably manufactured from carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The shaft is divided into a central region 91, a front shaft bearing section 93 aligned opposite the water flow direction, and a rear shaft bearing section 94 positioned diametrically opposite the front shaft bearing section 93.

  A shaft 90 is attached to the front shaft bearing section 93 using a front bearing 101. The front bearing 101 is designed as an angular ball bearing. The front bearing 101 is held by a lock nut 100 inside the first bearing housing 45 of the centering device 40, as will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.

  A shaft 90 is attached to the rear shaft bearing section 94 using a rear bearing 104. The rear bearing 104 is designed as a grooved ball bearing.

  The propeller is attached to the shaft 90 using the inner cylinder 51 within the central region 91 of the shaft 90. The inner cylinder 51 is preferably bonded to the shaft 90. A propeller post 53 is formed on the inner cylinder 51. The propeller post 53 is aligned partially laterally and partially parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the shaft 90. The outer end portion of the propeller support column 53 is connected to the base portion 52 of the propeller 50. The propeller post is preferably integrally formed on the base portion 52. The propeller post 53 thus forms a rigid connection between the inner cylinder 51 and the base portion 52 of the propeller 50. The hub area is designed as a cavity between the inner cylinder 51 and the base part 52. The hub region is divided into a front chamber facing the centering device 40 and a rear chamber facing the flow stator 60 by a propeller post 53 aligned transverse to the central longitudinal axis of the shaft 90. Passages (not shown) are introduced into these laterally extending propeller columns 53. When the propeller 50 is rotating, water is conveyed from the front chamber to the rear chamber through the passage.

  A front connecting inner shoulder 52.1 is formed on the base portion 52 with its edge facing the centering device 40 and a rear connecting inner shoulder 52.2 is formed on the diametrically opposite edge. . A propeller blade 54 is fixed to the outer periphery of the base portion 52. The propeller blade 54 is preferably integrally formed on the base portion 52. The outer end of the propeller blade 54 is connected to the propeller ring 55 via the connection region 54.1 at a constant circumferential distance from the base portion 52. Therefore, the propeller ring 55 is disposed rotationally symmetrically about the rotation axis of the shaft 90. The rotor housing front wall 56 is formed radially outward with respect to the propeller ring 55. The inner cylinder 51, propeller post 53, base portion 52, propeller blade 54, propeller ring 55, and rotor housing front wall 56 are preferably manufactured as one piece.

  A stator base 61 of the flow stator 60 is connected to the second bearing housing 63 via a connection element 62. In the illustrated embodiment, the connecting element 62 is designed in a funnel shape. The connecting element 62 has a through opening (not shown) through which water can escape from the rear chamber in the hub region to the inner chamber of the base portion 71 of the contact protector 70. A front connection outer shoulder 61.1 is formed on the stator base 61 so as to be aligned toward the propeller 50. The front connecting outer shoulder 61.1 overlaps with the rear connecting inner shoulder of the base portion 52 of the propeller 50 at a slight distance. For this purpose, the stator base 61 has at least approximately the same outer diameter as the base portion 52 of the propeller 50. The rear connection outer shoulder 61.2 is molded on the stator base 61 diametrically opposite the front connection outer shoulder 61.1. The stator blade 65 is fixed to the stator base 61. Therefore, the stator blade 65 is preferably formed integrally with the stator base 61. The stator blades 65 are radially aligned with respect to the stator base 61, as already shown in FIG. The outer end of the stator blade 65 is connected to the stator outer ring 66. The stator outer ring 66 is disposed in the circumferential direction with respect to the rotation axis of the propeller 50. The stator outer ring 66 terminates at the edge facing the propeller 50 at a short distance before the edge of the propeller ring 55. A rear housing wall 67 is formed on the outer surface of the stator outer ring 66. The depicted cut surface shown extends through a reinforced region of the housing wall 67, in which a screw hole 67.1 is introduced for receiving the screw 116. Such a reinforcing region with screw holes 67.1 is provided spaced along the housing wall 67. The housing wall 67 is designed as a thin wall in between. Formed on the housing wall 67 is a housing cover 68 that overlaps the propeller ring 55 at a constant radial distance. A threaded receptacle 68.1 for receiving the screw 116 is introduced into the front face of the housing cover 68.

  The second bearing housing 63, the connecting element 62, the stator base 61, the stator blade 65, the stator outer ring 66, the rear housing wall 67, and the housing cover 68 are preferably designed integrally.

  The ejection pipe 25 is fixed to the housing wall 67 by screws 116. A radially aligned flange 25.1 is molded on the jet tube 25 for this purpose, in which a hole for guiding the screw 116 is accurately introduced into the screw hole 67.1 in the housing wall 67. Is done.

  The base body 71 of the contact protector 70 has a staircase-shaped stator connection region 71.1 incorporated at an end facing the flow stator 60. The stator connection region 71.1 is inserted into the rear connection outer shoulder 61.2 of the stator base 61, thereby forming a circumferential plug connection. A fourth seal ring 123 is provided between the stator connection region 71.1 and the rear connection outer shoulder 61.2. The fourth seal ring 123 seals the inside of the base body 71 from the flow path 20.

  The centering device 40 is arranged upstream of the propeller 50 in the flow direction. The rotationally symmetric base 41 of the centering device 40 has the same outer diameter as the base portion 52 in the transition region of the propeller 50 to the base portion 52. This reduces the flow resistance to the flowing water. The outer diameter of the base body 41 is tapered along a concave curve toward the inflow cap 30. The base body 41 has a connection shoulder 41.1 that faces the propeller 50. The connection shoulder 41.1 overlaps the rear connection inner shoulder 52.2 of the base part 52 of the propeller 50 with a slight radial distance. The centering bar 42 is attached to the base body 41 in alignment in the radial direction. The centering bar 42 is thereby preferably integrally formed on the base body 41. The centering bar 42 is designed to be elongated in the direction of tangential to the base body 41. They therefore counteract water that flows away with low flow resistance. The centering bar 42 is aligned and overlapped in the axial direction over half the length of the base body 41. Their leading edges against the incoming water are inclined downwards with increasing radial distance towards the substrate in the direction of water flow. This measure also reduces the flow resistance of the flowing water. A centering outer ring 43 is fixed to the outer end of the centering bar 42. The centering outer ring 43 is preferably connected to the centering bar 42 integrally. A radially outwardly aligned front housing wall 44 is fixed on the centering outer ring 43 and is specifically molded as one piece. The front housing wall 44 has an outer diameter extending to the housing cover 68 and contacts the front surface of the housing cover. An assembly hole 44.1 is provided in the housing wall 44. The assembly hole 44.1 is arranged to coincide with the threaded receptacle 68.1 of the housing cover 68. Housing wall 44 and housing cover 68 are guided through assembly hole 44.1 and are securely connected using screws 116 that are screwed into threaded receptacles 68.1.

  A detent projection 43.1 is molded on the outer surface of the centering outer ring 43. The detent protrusion 43.1 is designed as a circumferential bead molded on the centering outer ring 43 in this embodiment. However, the hemispherical detent protrusion 43.1 may be provided spaced around the centering outer ring 43. The centering device 40 is inserted into the flow path 20 formed by the flow path half shells 23, 24 by the centering outer ring 43. The centering outer ring 43 thereby causes the channel half shells 23, 24 to contact the front housing wall 44 on the end side, or the channel half shells 23, 24 are arranged directly in front of the front housing wall 44. Until it is inserted into the flow path 20. In this position, the detent protrusion 43.1 is snapped onto a circumferential detent receptacle incorporated in the channel half shells 23,24. Therefore, the centering device 40 is firmly fixed in the flow path 20.

  A first bearing housing 45 facing inward is molded on the base body 41 of the centering device 40. The first bearing housing 45 is attached to the end of the base body 41 facing away from the water flow, via a first sealing region 45.1. The first bearing housing 45 has a pan-like profile, and the connection to the base body 41 is made at the edge of the pan. The first bearing housing 45 is disposed in a cavity formed by the base body 41 aligned in the water flow direction. An intermediate space between the first bearing housing 45 and the base body 41 is filled with a sealing compound 47. Therefore, no water collects in this area. The inflow cap 30 is attached to the base body 41 in the first sealing region 45.1.

  The motor housing 117 of the electric motor 110 is formed by the housing cover 68, the rear housing wall 67, and the front housing wall 44. The motor housing 117 is partitioned toward the flow path 20 by the stator outer ring 66, the propeller ring 55, and the centering outer ring 43. Therefore, the motor housing 117 is disposed on the radially outer side of the flow cross section determined in advance by the diameter of the flow path 20 of the water flowing through the flow path 20. The radially outer region of the motor housing 117 is separated by the stator housing cover 113.1. The separated areas form the stator housing 113. The motor stator 111 of the electric motor 110 is disposed in the stator housing 113. The motor stator 111 is composed of a predetermined number of electromagnets. These electromagnets are arranged along the annular stator housing 113 at predetermined regular or irregular intervals 113. At least one coil 111.1 is assigned to each electromagnet. The cavity of the stator housing 113 is preferably sealed with a sealing compound. In this way, the motor stator 111 is embedded in the sealing compound.

  Inside the motor housing 117, a rotor housing 114 is formed by a propeller ring 55, a rotor housing front wall 56, and a rotor housing cover 114.1. A rotor housing cover 114.1 is arranged radially outward away from the propeller ring 55. On one side, the rotor housing cover 114.1 contacts the rotor housing front wall 56. A rotor 112 of the electric motor 110 is mounted in the rotor housing 114. The rotor 114 is formed by a predetermined number of permanent magnets 112.1. These electromagnets are arranged along the annular rotor housing 114 at a predetermined regular or irregular spacing 113. The rotor 114 and / or permanent magnet 112.1 is embedded in a sealing compound that is introduced into the rotor housing 114. Accordingly, the rotor 114 and / or the permanent magnet 112.1 is connected to the rotor housing 114. The rotor housing cover 114.1 is likewise fixed with a sealing compound. A gap 115 is formed between the stator housing cover 113.1 and the rotor housing cover 114.1.

  The electric motor 110 corresponds to a ring motor or a torque motor by design. Thus, the electric motor 110 is designed as an internal rotor. Since the rotor 112 is arranged at a large radial distance from the rotating shaft of the electric motor 110, high torque can be achieved by this design and transmitted to the propeller 50. Furthermore, the torque can be increased by a large number of pole pairs with a corresponding number of electromagnets and permanent magnets 112.1. Accordingly, a rapid change in the rotation speed of the propeller 50, and thus a rapid and dynamic change in the speed of the swimming / diving aid 10 can be achieved.

  The motor housing 117 is preferably outside the water flow cross section determined by the diameter of the flow path 20 and the propeller blade 54. Thus, the available flow cross-sectional area is not reduced by the electric motor 110 having the advantages already described.

  The motor housing 117 is not sealed with respect to the flow path 20. Clearances are formed between the propeller ring 55 and the stator outer ring 66 or the centering outer ring 43, respectively, through which water can flow into the motor housing 117. The motor stator 111 and the rotor 112 are sealed inside the stator housing 113 or the rotor housing 114 against the inflowing water. Waste heat from the electric motor 110 is efficiently removed by flowing water. Thereby, the efficiency of the electric motor 110 increases. The motor stator 111 and / or the rotor 112 are particularly protected from water ingress by respective sealing compounds provided. The sealing compound also forms a thermal bridge with good heat transfer properties, thereby efficiently releasing waste heat from the electric motor 110 into the surrounding water.

  The shaft 90 is advantageously attached to two sides of the propeller 50. Thus, high lateral forces transmitted to the propeller 50 by the flowing water can be safely absorbed. The bending of the shaft 90 or the vibration of the shaft 90 and the propeller 50 can be prevented. As a result, the gap 115 formed between the motor stator 111 and the rotor 112 can always be kept constant. This makes running very quiet. Further, the driving force is not affected by the varying width of the gap 115. A collision between the rotor housing 114 and the stator housing 113 is safely prevented.

  Because the shaft 90 is designed as a hollow shaft, weight can be saved without substantially affecting the stiffness of the shaft 90. Lighter weight is an essential advantage for transportable water sports devices such as the swimming and diving aids of the present invention. The weight is further reduced in that the shaft includes carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP).

  CFRP offers the advantage of being significantly lighter with high rigidity at the same time compared to conventional materials used to manufacture the shaft 90, such as steel. Compared to steel, shaft 90 made from CFRP has a significantly lower tendency to vibration, which improves concentric travel and reduces noise. Further, as the weight is reduced and the vibration is reduced, the load on the bearings 101, 104 is reduced, thereby attaching the shaft 90 rotatably about its central longitudinal axis, thereby reducing the wear of the bearings 101, 104. And therefore its life is increased. The inertial mass of the CFRP shaft 90 is greatly reduced relative to the steel shaft 90, which results in higher power due to the desired change in the rotational speed of the shaft 90 and thus the propeller 50. At the same time, energy consumption for accelerating the shaft 90 using the propeller 50 is reduced, leading to an extension of the operation time of the storage battery driven swimming / diving aid 10.

  In order to increase the rigidity of the shaft 90, the shaft may be designed as a multilayer. The inner layer in which the carbon fiber mat is composed of carbon fibers of various orientations within the plastic matrix is followed by a layer having aligned carbon fibers. They are preferably designed as high modulus carbon fibers with a very high modulus in the fiber direction, for example greater than 400,000 N / mm2. In the present embodiment, the high modulus carbon fibers are essentially aligned in the longitudinal direction of the shaft 90 in order to increase the rigidity and bending strength of the shaft 90. Alternatively or additionally, a CFRP layer having high modulus carbon fibers disposed across the longitudinal extension of the shaft 90 can be provided. In this configuration, the additional carbon fiber increases the torsional strength of the shaft 90.

  The surface of the shaft 90 is partially cut, ground, or polished. These post-manufacturing steps provide a precisely rotationally symmetric profile of the shaft 90, which results in good concentric travel. Surface cracks are removed and notch stresses that create mechanical loads at the ends of the cracks are prevented or at least reduced. The possibility of breakage of the shaft 90 is reduced and its durability is increased. In order to prevent the carbon fibers from being damaged in the post-treatment, the shaft has an outer finished plastic layer that does not contain carbon fibers.

  Due to the propeller post 53 aligned partly laterally and partly parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the shaft 90, a solid and sturdy connection is achieved between the inner cylinder 51 of the propeller 50 and the base part 52. The

  Inner cylinder 51, propeller post 53, base portion 52, propeller blade 54, propeller ring 55, and rotor housing front wall 56 preferably represent integrally molded parts. This can be produced, for example, from a plastic material. Therefore, the propeller 50 provided with the related component can be manufactured at low cost in one manufacturing process.

  Alternatively, the propeller 50 with associated components such as the inner cylinder 51, propeller post 53, base portion 52, propeller blade 54, propeller ring 55 and rotor housing front wall 56 may be fully or partially made of metal. It may be.

  The centering device 40 and the flow stator 60 are firmly connected to the flow path 20. Accordingly, the positions of the front bearing housing 45 and the second bearing housing 63, and thus the positions of the bearings 101, 104 of the shaft 90, are firmly predetermined and fixed. Therefore, accurate positioning of the propeller 50 in the flow path 20 is ensured. Due to the rigid connection between the centering device 40, the propeller 50 and the flow stator 60 and the motor housing 117 formed therein and including the stator housing 113 and the rotor housing 114, the movable part of the submersible drive unit is rigid. , Aligned opposite each other. Therefore, the vibration and impact effects that often occur in the normal operation of the swimming and diving aid 10 can be compensated. In particular, a small distance l can be provided between the movable component and the fixed component. In particular, the gap 115 between the rotor 112 and the motor stator 111 can be designed to be narrow, thereby obtaining high force transmission and high efficiency of the electric motor 110.

  FIG. 6 shows a part of the cut view shown in FIG. 4 in the front bearing region.

  The front bearing area is surrounded by a first bearing housing 45. The first bearing housing 45 is integrally formed on the base body 41 of the centering device 40. Starting from the first sealing area 45.1 aligned towards the inflow cap 30, a cylindrical guide part 45.3 continues into the interior space of the base body 41. A front bearing support 46 that is slightly reduced in diameter relative to the cylindrical portion 45.3 connects to the cylindrical portion 45.3. A second seal area 45.2 is formed by the subsequent reduction of the diameter of the first bearing housing 45. A first abutment 48 directed radially inward is formed on the second sealing region 45.2.

  The shaft 90 together with the front shaft bearing section 93 of the shaft 90 is inserted into the first bearing housing 45 from the second sealing region 45.2 side. A propeller stop 92 that contacts the inner cylinder 51 of the propeller 50 is formed in the circumferential direction of the shaft 90. The diameter of the front shaft bearing section 93 of the shaft 90 is smaller on the end side. A bearing seat 95 is fixed to the small diameter portion. The bearing sheet 95 is made of metal and is connected to the shaft 90, in particular by bonding. The bearing seat 95 has a bearing stop 95.1 that projects radially outward toward the shaft 90.

  The front bearing 101 is pressed against the bearing seat 95. The front bearing 101 is designed as an angular ball bearing. The front bearing contacts the inner ring on a bearing stop 95.1 of the bearing seat 95. The outer surface of the outer ring of the front bearing 101 is in contact with the front bearing support 46 of the first bearing housing 45. The outer ring of the front bearing 101 is held by a lock nut 100 attached to the inside of the cylindrical portion of the first bearing housing 45. For this purpose, the outer ring contacts a first outer ring counter bearing 101.1 molded on the locknut 100.

  A forward radial seal area 102 is formed in the second seal area 45.2 of the first bearing housing 45. For this purpose, a forward radial shaft seal ring 102.1 is arranged between the second seal region 45.2 of the shaft 90 and the forward shaft bearing section 93. The forward radial shaft seal ring 102.1 is held toward the propeller 50 by the first inwardly abutting portion 48 of the bearing housing 45. The forward radial shaft seal ring 102.1 is held diametrically opposite by a first fixing ring 102.2. The first fixing ring 102.2 is fastened in the groove of the first bearing housing 45.

  The inflow cap 30 has a connection piece 32 directed towards the bearing housing 45. A seal ring accommodating portion 33 is incorporated in the connection piece 32. Seal rings 120 and 121 are inserted into the seal ring housing portion 33. The inflow cap 30 is inserted into the first sealing region 45.1 of the centering device 40 together with the connecting piece 32. Therefore, the seal rings 120 and 121 prevent water from the flow path 20 from entering the internal space of the inflow cap 30 and the first bearing housing 45.

  The shaft 90 is attached to the front bearing mounting section 93 via the front bearing 101 so as to be easily rotatable. The front bearing 101 is firmly held by the bearing seat 95 together with the bearing stop 95.1, the lock nut 100, the first outer ring counter bearing 100.1 and the front bearing support 46. Thereby, the lock nut 100 can set the play in which the front bearing 101 is held in the axial direction. The area of the front bearing 101 is sealed towards the shaft 90 by a forward radial shaft seal ring. On the inflow cap 30 side, the seal between the first sealing region 45.1 of the centering device 40 and the connection piece 32 of the inflow cap 30 is effected by the seal rings 120, 121 arranged there. Therefore, the front bearing 101 is protected from moisture penetration. Furthermore, since the cavity of the shaft 90 and the front bearing 101 is filled with grease, it is further protected from moisture.

  The reaction force of water is transmitted to the shaft 90 via the propeller 50 by the inner cylinder 51 of the propeller 50. The shaft 90 transmits this force to the inner ring of the front bearing 101 via the bearing seat 95. This force is transmitted to the outer ring of the front bearing 101 via a ball bearing in the front bearing 101 designed as an angular ball bearing. From there, the force is input to the centering device 40 via the lock nut 100 from there to the flow path 20 of the swimming and diving aid 10 and the vehicle 11.

  The bearing sheet 95 made of metal prevents the surface of the shaft 90 made of CFRP from being damaged by the high force transmitted.

  FIG. 7 shows a portion of the cut view shown in FIG. 4 in the rear bearing region.

  A second bearing housing 63 is molded on the connecting element 62 of the flow stator 60. The second bearing housing 63 starts from the end facing the stern 11.5 of the swimming and diving aid 10 and has a fourth seal area 63.2, a rear bearing support 64, a third seal area 63.2. And the second contact portion 63.3.

  The fourth seal region 63.2 and the rear bearing support 64 form a circumferential region of the second bearing housing 63 with respect to the rotational axis of the shaft 90 in the radial direction. The third sealing area 63.1 is reduced in diameter for this purpose. A second abutment 63.3 aligned radially inward is formed at the end of the third seal region 63.1.

  The shaft 90 is inserted into the second bearing housing 63 through the third seal region 63.1 with its rear shaft bearing section 94. A rear radial shaft seal ring 103.1 is arranged between the third seal region 63.1 and the shaft 90. The rear radial shaft seal ring 103.1 is radially projected at its axial position towards the propeller 50 by the second abutment 63.3 of the bearing housing 63 and by the second fixing ring 106. It is held diametrically opposite. A rear radial seal area 103 is formed by the radial shaft seal ring 103.1, the shaft 90 and the third seal area 63.1.

  The rear bearing 104 is disposed between the rear shaft bearing section 94 and the rear bearing support 64 of the second bearing housing 63. Thereby, the rear bearing 104 contacts the rear shaft bearing section 94 by its inner ring and contacts the rear bearing support 64 by its outer ring. The rear bearing 104 is designed as a single row grooved ball bearing. The rear bearing 104 is held in the axial direction by the rear bearing support ring 105 toward the stern 11.5 of the swimming / diving aid 10. A second outer ring counter bearing 105.1 aligned towards the rear bearing 104 is molded on the rear bearing support ring 105 for this purpose. The outer ring of the rear bearing 104 is in contact with the outer ring counter bearing 105.1.

  The outer periphery of the rear bearing support ring 105 is formed by an annular positioning section 105.2 that contacts the inner surface of the fourth seal region 63.2 of the second bearing housing 63. The two sealing rings 124, 125 are arranged between the annular positioning section 105.2 and the fourth sealing area 63.2. The seal rings 124, 125 are inserted into the grooves incorporated in the fourth seal area 63.2. The rear bearing support ring 105 is inserted into the fourth seal area 63.2. A third fixing ring 107 is provided in connection with the rear bearing support ring 105. Therefore, the rear bearing support ring 105 is held in that position.

  Water is prevented from entering the second bearing housing 63 along the shaft 90 by the rear radial shaft seal ring 103.1. Similarly, the second bearing housing 63 is sealed by the rear bearing support ring 105 and the circumferential seal rings 124 and 125. Therefore, the rear bearing 104 is protected from moisture. In addition, the cavity in the region of the shaft and rear bearing 104 is filled with grease so that it is further protected from moisture.

For assembly, the shaft 90 is inserted into the second bearing housing 63 and the rear radial shaft seal ring 103.1 is attached and secured using the second retaining ring 106. Finally, the rear bearing 104 is installed and the rear bearing support ring is inserted. First, the third fixing ring 107 is tightened in the provided groove. Thus, the bearing area is easy to assemble. The rear bearing 104 and the rear radial shaft seal ring 103.1 are easily accessible for maintenance purposes because the rear bearing support ring 105 is inserted.

Claims (15)

A swimming and diving aid (10) with a hull (11) on which a user rides or stands, wherein the propeller (50) is disposed in the hull (11) and driven by an electric motor (10). And a radially outward propeller blade (54) attached to a base portion (52) of the propeller (50), the electric motor (10) being rigid A swimming and diving aid (10) having a motor stator (111) disposed in the motor stator and a rotating rotor (112) spatially assigned to the motor stator (111),
The rotor (112) of the electric motor (10) is coupled directly or indirectly to at least one outer end of at least one propeller blade (54); and the motor stator (111) Swimming and diving aid (10), characterized in that it is at least partly arranged circumferentially around the rotor.   The outer end of at least a portion of the propeller blade (54) is connected to a propeller ring (56), the rotor (112) is disposed on the propeller ring (56), and / or The propeller blade (54) has at least a portion of the outer end connected to an annular rotor housing (114), the rotor (112) being disposed within the rotor housing (114). The swimming / diving aid (10) according to 1.   The swimming and diving aid (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the propeller ring (56) and / or the rotor housing (114) are integrally formed on the propeller (50).   The rotor (112) has a plurality of permanent magnets (112.1) arranged in the rotational direction of the rotor (112), and / or the motor stator (111) moves the rotor (112). The swimming and diving aid (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a plurality of electromagnets (111.1) arranged in the circumferential direction of the circular path.   A flow stator (60) having a stator blade (65) is disposed downstream of the propeller (50) in the direction of water flow, and the flow stator (60) is inserted into the flow through the stator blade (65). A stator housing (113) that is directly or indirectly attached to the wall of the passage (20) and / or houses the motor stator (111) is at least part of the outer side of the stator blade (65). The swimming and diving aid (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is connected directly or indirectly to the end.   The swimming and diving aid (10) according to claim 5, wherein the stator housing (113) of the electric motor (110) is integrally formed on the flow stator (60).   The swimming rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotor (112) and / or the motor stator (111) is arranged in a lateral recess of the flow path (20). Diving aid (10).   The propeller (50) is fixed axially on a rotatably mounted shaft (90) disposed in the flow path (20). The swimming / diving aid (10) according to any one of the above.   9. Swimming and diving according to claim 8, characterized in that the shaft (90) is designed as a hollow shaft and / or the shaft (90) is made from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic material. Auxiliary tool (10).   A centering device (40) provided with a base body (41) and a centering bar (42) is arranged upstream of the propeller (50) in a flow direction of water flowing through the flow path (20); and The centering device (40) is attached to a wall of the flow path (20) via the centering bar (42) directly or indirectly, according to any one of the preceding claims. Swimming and diving aids (10).   11. Swimming and diving assistance according to claim 10, characterized in that bearings (101, 104) to which the shaft (90) is attached are respectively arranged on the centering device (40) and the flow stator (60). Ingredient (10).   The first bearing housing (45) is designed in the base body (41) of the centering device (40), and the front bearing (101) is held in the first bearing housing (45). 11. A swimming according to claim 10, characterized in that the first bearing housing (45) is watertightly closed against the flow path (20) with a removable inflow cap (30). -A diving aid (10).   An additional bearing housing (63) is designed in the stator base (61) of the flow stator (60), the rear bearing (101) is held in the additional bearing housing (63), and 13. Swimming and diving aid (10) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the additional bearing housing (63) is watertightly closed by a removable bearing support ring (105).   A contact protection portion (70) having a contact protection bar (72) formed on an upper portion thereof, disposed on the side of the flow stator (60) facing outward from the propeller (50); (72) is directly or indirectly attached to the wall of the flow path (20), and preferably the base body (71) of the contact protection part (70) is connected to the flow stator (60). The swimming / diving aid (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that: The submersible drive unit includes at least the rotor housing (114) and the stator housing (113), the electric motor (110), the centering device (40), the inflow cap (30), the flow stator (60), The swimming and diving aid according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the propeller (50) has the shaft (90) and the bearings (101, 104). (10).

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