JP2018196347A - Filling material for filled food products - Google Patents
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- JP2018196347A JP2018196347A JP2017102478A JP2017102478A JP2018196347A JP 2018196347 A JP2018196347 A JP 2018196347A JP 2017102478 A JP2017102478 A JP 2017102478A JP 2017102478 A JP2017102478 A JP 2017102478A JP 2018196347 A JP2018196347 A JP 2018196347A
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- Confectionery (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は包餡食品用フィリング材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a filling material for packaged food.
餡は、アズキ、ササゲ、インゲン、エンドウ、リョクトウ等の豆類、サツマイモ等のイモ類、クリなどを煮て練ったものである。このような餡をフィリング材とし、小麦粉を主原料とした生地で包餡し、蒸す、焼成する、油ちょうする等の加熱処理を経ることで、饅頭やあんパン等の包餡食品が得られる。
餡は、その水分含量が製品の日持ちや食感等の品質に影響を及ぼすので、所望する製品の品質を得るために通常水分が30〜50質量%になるように調整される。餡を包餡食品のフィリング材として使用する場合、餡のしっとりとした食感が好まれるので餡の水分含量を高め(40〜50質量%)に調整されることがあるが、そのために餡と皮やパン等の加熱処理された生地との間に空洞ができやすくなる。これは、包餡後の加熱工程において、餡に含まれる水分が気化して生地が押し上げられ、餡と生地との間に空隙が徐々に広がるためである。餡の水分含量を下げることで空洞を抑制することができるが、水分不足のために餡のしっとり感が不十分になる。このため、空洞を極めて小さくし、かつ餡がしっとりとした包餡食品を製造するには、熟練の技術を必要としていた。
また、餡の水分は加熱処理時に気化するため、包餡後加熱した後の餡は包餡直後の餡よりも粉っぽく、ぱさついた食感になりがちである。
餡の食感の改良について、特許文献1では、煮豆または生餡に、油脂、糖質、澱粉またはセルロース、蛋白質および増粘剤を含有してなる水中油型乳化組成物を前記煮豆または生餡の5〜20重量%配合し、炊き上げることを特徴とする加糖餡の製造方法が開示されている。これにより、従来の加糖餡の糖分を増やすことなく、パイ、パン等の詰めもの製品に用いた場合に焼成後においてもパサつきがなく、しっとりした食感のある加糖餡になるが、加糖餡と生地との間の空洞については触れられておらず、また、該水中油型乳化組成物の製造に手間がかかる。
また特許文献2では、澱粉を主成分とするフィリング材と、油脂中にSUS型トリグリセリドを25〜90重量%含む水中油型乳化物の起泡物とを混合することを特徴とする、フィリングの製造法が開示されており、フィリング材として豆を原料とする餡を使用できることが記載されている。このフィリング材は、非常に食感が軽く、口中での菓子生地(スポンジ生地やどらやき生地といった挟み物生地)とのバランスが極めて良好であるとされているが、加熱処理を経る包餡食品についての記載はなく、また、水中油型乳化組成物を製造する手間がかかる。
The salmon is made by boiling and kneading beans such as azuki bean, cowpea, green beans, peas, mung bean, potatoes such as sweet potatoes, and chestnuts. Wrapped foods such as buns and buns can be obtained by wrapping with such dough made of wheat flour as the main ingredient, steaming, baking, oiling, etc. .
Since the moisture content of the persimmon affects the quality of the product such as shelf life and texture, the moisture is usually adjusted to 30 to 50% by mass in order to obtain the desired product quality. When using persimmon as a filling material for wrapping foods, the moist texture of persimmon is preferred, so the water content of persimmon may be adjusted to be higher (40-50% by mass). A cavity is easily formed between the heat-treated dough such as leather and bread. This is because in the heating process after wrapping, moisture contained in the cocoon vaporizes and the dough is pushed up, and a gap gradually spreads between the cocoon and the dough. The cavity can be suppressed by lowering the moisture content of the cocoon, but the moist feeling of the cocoon becomes insufficient due to the lack of moisture. For this reason, in order to produce a packaged food with extremely small cavities and moist mochi, skillful techniques are required.
In addition, since the moisture of the koji is vaporized during the heat treatment, the koji after heating after wrapping tends to be more powdery and crispy than the koji just after wrapping.
Regarding improving the texture of koji, Patent Document 1 discloses that an oil-in-water emulsion composition containing oil, fat, sugar, starch or cellulose, protein and thickener in boiled beans or ginger is said boiled beans or ginger. A method for producing a sweetened potato is disclosed, characterized in that it is blended and cooked. As a result, when used in stuffed products such as pies and bread without increasing the sugar content of the conventional sweetened sweet potatoes, there is no dryness after baking, and the sweetened sweet potatoes have a moist texture. The cavity between the dough and the dough is not mentioned, and it takes time to produce the oil-in-water emulsion composition.
Moreover, in patent document 2, the filling material which has starch as a main component, and the foaming material of the oil-in-water emulsion which contains 25-90 weight% of SUS type triglycerides in fats and oils are mixed, A manufacturing method is disclosed, and it is described that straw made from beans can be used as a filling material. This filling material has a very light texture and is said to have a very good balance with confectionery dough (sponge dough such as sponge dough and dorayaki dough) in the mouth. Is not described, and it takes time and effort to produce an oil-in-water emulsion composition.
饅頭やあんパン等の包餡食品において、加熱処理後にフィリング材と生地との間に空洞が生じ難く、餡のしっとり感が維持されるフィリング材、及び、そのフィリング材を使用した包餡食品を提供する。 In wrapping foods such as buns and buns, a filling material that does not easily form a cavity between the filling material and the dough after heat treatment and maintains the moist feeling of the candy, and a wrapping food using the filling material provide.
そこで本発明者らは上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討を行った。その結果、餡と油脂のみから成り、餡100質量部に対して油脂0.2〜5.0質量部含有する包餡食品用フィリング材により饅頭やあんパン等の包餡食品において、加熱処理後にフィリング材と生地との間に空洞が生じ難く、餡のしっとり感が維持されることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち本発明は以下の通りである。
[1]餡及び油脂から成る包餡食品用フィリング材であって、前記餡100質量部に対して油脂0.2〜5.0質量部を含有する、包餡食品用フィリング材。
[2]前記[1]に記載の包餡食品用フィリング材を生地で包餡し、加熱処理をすることを特徴とする包餡食品の製造方法。
Therefore, the present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, in a packaged food such as buns and buns, with a filling material for packaged foods consisting of koji and fats and fats and containing 0.2 to 5.0 parts by mass of fats and oils with respect to 100 parts by mass of koji, after heat treatment It has been found that a cavity is hardly formed between the filling material and the fabric, and that the moist feeling of the cocoon is maintained, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] A filling material for packaged food made of koji and fats and oils, which contains 0.2 to 5.0 parts by mass of fats and oils with respect to 100 parts by mass of the koji.
[2] A method for producing a packaged food, which comprises wrapping the filling material for packaged food according to [1] above with a dough and heat-treating it.
本発明によれば、饅頭やあんパン等の包餡食品において、加熱処理後にフィリング材と生地との間に空洞が生じ難く、餡のしっとり感が維持されるフィリング材、及び、そのフィリング材を使用した包餡食品を提供することが可能である。 According to the present invention, in a packaged food such as buns and bread rolls, a filling material in which a cavity is hardly generated between the filling material and the dough after the heat treatment, and the moist feeling of the koji is maintained, and the filling material are provided. It is possible to provide a used food product.
本発明の包餡食品用フィリング材は餡及び油脂から成り、前記餡100質量部に対して油脂0.2〜5.0質量部を含有する。 The filling material for packaged foods of the present invention is composed of koji and fats and oils, and contains 0.2 to 5.0 parts by mass of fats and oils with respect to 100 parts by mass of the koji.
本発明において包餡食品とは、餡などのフィリング材を生地で包餡し、蒸す、焼成する、油ちょうするなどの加熱処理を経ることで得られる食品であって、例えば饅頭、あんパン、揚げ饅頭、焼き饅頭、中華饅頭などが挙げられるが、これに限られない。 The packaged food in the present invention is a food obtained by wrapping a filling material such as rice cake with dough, steamed, baked, oiled, etc., such as buns, buns, Examples include but are not limited to fried buns, grilled buns, and Chinese buns.
本発明において餡は、アズキ、ササゲ、インゲン、エンドウ、リョクトウ等の豆類、サツマイモ、カボチャ、クリといった澱粉含有量が高い塊茎、果菜、種実などの原料を煮てそのまま又は砂糖等の甘味性糖類を添加して練ったものをいい、前者を生餡、後者を加糖餡という。豆類を原料とした餡は、その製造方法により、煮た豆の形を残した「粒餡」、煮た豆を潰した「つぶし餡」、煮た豆を潰して裏漉しして種皮を取り除いた「漉し餡」に分類される。
本発明においてはいずれの餡も使用することができるが、マメ科植物の豆から得られる餡が好ましく、より好ましくはマメ科ササゲ属植物(アズキ、ササゲ、リョクトウ、ケツルアズキ、ツルアズキ等)、インゲンマメ属植物(インゲンマメ、ベニバナインゲン等)及びエンドウ属植物(エンドウ等)の豆から得られる餡である。
本発明において使用する餡の水分量は好ましくは30〜50質量%であり、さらに好ましくは35〜50質量%、最も好ましくは35〜45質量%である。
In the present invention, the koji is made from beans such as azuki bean, cowpea, green beans, peas, mung bean, sweet potatoes such as sweet potatoes, pumpkins, chestnuts, etc. The one added and kneaded is called the ginger and the latter is called sweetened koji. The koji made from beans is made by using the production method of “granchi” that leaves the shape of the boiled bean, “crush mushroom” that crushes the boiled bean, and the seed coat is removed by crushing the boiled bean. It is classified as “Hairy candy”.
Any cocoon can be used in the present invention, but cocoons obtained from beans of legumes are preferred, more preferably legumes of the genus cowpea (Azuki bean, cowpea, mung bean, oleander, etc.), kidney bean genus It is a cocoon obtained from the beans of a plant (green beans, safflower beans, etc.) and a pea genus plant (peas, etc.).
The moisture content of the soot used in the present invention is preferably 30 to 50% by mass, more preferably 35 to 50% by mass, and most preferably 35 to 45% by mass.
本発明において、油脂は食用油脂であれば何れも使用することができる。例えば、大豆油、菜種油、綿実油、サフラワー油、ひまわり油、エゴマ油、アマニ油、オリーブ油、魚油等の常温で液体の油脂;パーム油、やし油、カカオ脂、牛脂、乳脂、豚脂等の常温で固体の油脂;硬化油、エステル交換油脂等の加工油脂;バター、マーガリン類、ショートニング等の油脂加工食品が上げられ、これらを1種もしくは2種以上を使用することができる。最も好ましくはアマニ油である。 In the present invention, any fats and oils can be used as long as they are edible fats and oils. For example, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, flaxseed oil, olive oil, fish oil and other liquid oils at room temperature; palm oil, palm oil, cacao fat, beef fat, milk fat, pork fat, etc. Oils and fats that are solid at room temperature; processed oils and fats such as hardened oils and transesterified oils and fats; processed oils and fats foods such as butter, margarine, and shortening can be used. Most preferred is linseed oil.
本発明の包餡食品用フィリング材は、餡100質量部に対して油脂0.2〜5.0質量部を含有する。油脂の含有量の下限は好ましくは餡100質量部に対して0.25質量部、より好ましくは餡100質量部に対して0.3質量部、さらに好ましくは餡100質量部に対して0.35質量部、最も好ましくは餡100質量部に対して0.4質量部である。油脂の含有量の上限は好ましくは餡100質量部に対して4.0質量部、より好ましくは餡100質量部に対して3.0質量部、さらに好ましくは餡100質量部に対して2.0質量部、なお好ましくは餡100質量部に対して1.5質量部、最も好ましくは餡100質量部に対して1.0質量部である。油脂の量が餡100質量部に対して0.2質量部未満では効果が得られない。また5.0質量部を超えると、餡が柔らかくなり包餡作業性や保形性が悪くなり、また餡の好ましい香味が損なわれる。 The filling material for packaged food of the present invention contains 0.2 to 5.0 parts by mass of fats and oils with respect to 100 parts by mass of koji. The lower limit of the content of fats and oils is preferably 0.25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons, more preferably 0.3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons, and even more preferably 0.00 with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons. 35 parts by mass, and most preferably 0.4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the soot. The upper limit of the content of fats and oils is preferably 4.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons, more preferably 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons, and even more preferably 2. 0 parts by mass, preferably 1.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons, and most preferably 1.0 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cocoons. If the amount of oils and fats is less than 0.2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of soot, no effect is obtained. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 5.0 parts by mass, the koji becomes soft, the wrapping workability and the shape retention become worse, and the preferred flavor of the koji is impaired.
本発明の包餡食品の製造方法は、上記本発明の包餡食品用フィリング材を生地で包餡し、加熱処理をすることを特徴とする。 The method for producing a packaged food according to the present invention is characterized in that the filling material for packaged food according to the present invention is packaged with a dough and heat-treated.
本発明において、生地は特に制限無く使用することができる、目的とする包餡品によって適宜選択することができる。例えばあんパンであればパン生地、饅頭であれば小麦粉又は米粉を主体とした生地を使用することができる。 In the present invention, the dough can be appropriately selected depending on the intended package, which can be used without any particular limitation. For example, bread dough can be used for bread, and wheat or rice flour can be used for buns.
本発明において包餡とは餡を生地で包むことを言い、包餡の方法は特に限定されず、人の手で行っても良いし、包餡機などの製造機械によって行っても良い。 In the present invention, wrapping refers to wrapping cocoon with dough, and the method of wrapping is not particularly limited, and may be performed manually or by a manufacturing machine such as a wrapping machine.
本発明において、加熱処理の種類や方法は特に限定されず、目的とする包餡食品によって適宜選択することができる。 In the present invention, the type and method of the heat treatment are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on the intended packaged food.
以下本発明を具体的に説明する為に実施例を示すが、本発明は以下の実施例のみに限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Examples will be shown below for specifically explaining the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
製造例1 あんパンの製造
下記配合表1の粉原料をミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社縦型ミキサー)に投入して粉体混合し、液体原料を投入して低速2分間、中速3分間、高速1分間混捏し、油脂原料を投入して更に低速2分間、中速3分間、高速3分間混捏して生地を得た。捏ね上げ温度は27℃であった。得られた生地を相対湿度75%・28℃で60分間発酵させ、45gに分割した。25分間のベンチタイムの後、35gの漉し餡(的場製餡所株式会社製和菓子用こしMK−1)を生地に包み、相対湿度65%・38℃で60分間ホイロした。これを固定窯で9分間焼成してあんパンを得た。
Production example 1 Manufacture of bread roll The powder raw material shown in the following recipe 1 is put into a mixer (vertical mixer, Kanto Mixer Industry Co., Ltd.), mixed with powder, and the liquid raw material is put in for 2 minutes at low speed and 3 minutes in medium speed. The mixture was kneaded at high speed for 1 minute, and the raw material for fats and oils was added, and the mixture was further kneaded at low speed for 2 minutes, medium speed for 3 minutes, and high speed for 3 minutes to obtain a dough. The kneading temperature was 27 ° C. The obtained dough was fermented at a relative humidity of 75% and 28 ° C. for 60 minutes and divided into 45 g. After a bench time of 25 minutes, 35 g of rice bran (Japanese confectionery strainer MK-1 manufactured by Matoba Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was wrapped in a dough and proofed at a relative humidity of 65% and 38 ° C. for 60 minutes. This was baked in a fixed kiln for 9 minutes to obtain anpan bread.
配合表1 製パン用原料(質量部)
Recipe 1 Raw materials for baking (parts by mass)
試験例1 アマニ油含有漉し餡を使用したあんパンの製造
100質量部の漉し餡(的場製餡所株式会社製和菓子用こしMK−1:水分量40質量%)をミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社縦型ミキサー)に投入し、表1記載のアマニ油(日本製粉社製アマニ油)を添加して60分間混合してアマニ油が均等混合されたアマニ油含有餡を得た。このアマニ油含有餡を使用した以外は製造例1に従ってあんパンを得た。得られたあんパンを評価基準表に従って10名の熟練パネラーにより評価した。結果を表1に示す。なお、アマニ油を添加しない餡を対照例1とした。
実施例1〜4では、対照例1よりも空洞が狭くなり、餡のしっとり感が良好であった。比較例1は対照例と同等であり、効果が得られなかった。比較例2では、餡が油っぽい食感になると共に、柔らかく保形性が劣るため、餡のパン生地への包餡作業性が悪くなり、焼成したあんパンが空洞のある扁平状になった。
Test Example 1 Manufacture of Anpan Using Linseed Oil-Containing Rice Boiled Rice 100% by weight of rice bran (Matoba Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Japanese confectionery strainer MK-1: water content 40% by mass) was mixed with a mixer (Kanto Mixer Industries It was put into a vertical mixer) and linseed oil shown in Table 1 (Japanese linseed oil linseed oil) was added and mixed for 60 minutes to obtain a linseed oil-containing cocoon in which linseed oil was evenly mixed. Anpan bread was obtained according to Production Example 1 except that this linseed oil-containing koji was used. The obtained bread rolls were evaluated by 10 skilled panelists according to the evaluation criteria table. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the soot which does not add linseed oil was made into the control example 1.
In Examples 1-4, the cavity became narrower than Control Example 1, and the moist feeling of the wrinkles was good. Comparative Example 1 was equivalent to the control example, and no effect was obtained. In Comparative Example 2, the koji has an oily texture and is soft and inferior in shape retention, so the wrapping workability of the koji to the dough deteriorates, and the baked bun has a flat shape with a cavity. .
表1
Table 1
評価基準表
Evaluation standard table
試験例2 アマニ油含有粒餡を使用したあんパンの製造
100質量部の粒餡(的場製餡所株式会社製和菓子用小倉MO−2:水分量40質量%)をミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社縦型ミキサー)に投入し、表2記載のアマニ油(日本製粉社製アマニ油)を添加して60分間混合してアマニ油が均等混合されたアマニ油含有餡を得た。このアマニ油含有餡を使用した以外は製造例1に従ってあんパンを得た。試験例1と同様に評価し、結果を表2に示した。なお、アマニ油を添加しない餡を対照例2とした。
餡として粒餡を使用した場合でも、アマニ油を所定量添加することによって漉し餡同様に空洞が狭くなり、餡のしっとり感も得られた。
Test Example 2 Production of Anpan using flaxseed oil-containing granule Was added to a vertical mixer), and linseed oil shown in Table 2 (manufactured by Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd.) was added and mixed for 60 minutes to obtain a linseed oil-containing soot in which linseed oil was evenly mixed. Anpan bread was obtained according to Production Example 1 except that this linseed oil-containing koji was used. Evaluation was conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2. In addition, the wrinkle which does not add linseed oil was made into the control example 2.
Even when granule was used as the cocoon, the addition of a predetermined amount of linseed oil narrowed the cavity as in the case of cocoon cocoon, and the moist feeling of the cocoon was also obtained.
表2
Table 2
試験例3 各種油脂含有漉し餡を使用したあんパンの製造
100質量部の漉し餡(的場製餡所株式会社製和菓子用こしMK−1)をミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社縦型ミキサー)に投入し、表3記載のラード(月島食品工業株式会社製ラード200P)又はオリーブ油(日本製粉社製DANTEオリーブオイル)を添加して60分間混合して油脂が均等混合された油脂含有餡を得た。この油脂含有餡を使用した以外は製造例1に従ってあんパンを得た。試験例1と同様に評価し、結果を表3に示した。
ラード(固形油)では、空洞を狭くする効果はアマニ油よりもやや弱かった。オリーブ油(液体油)では、アマニ油と同様に空洞を狭くし、餡のしっとり感が向上した。
Test Example 3 Manufacture of Anpan using various fat and oil-containing rice bran 100 mass parts of rice bran (Matashi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Japanese confectionery strainer MK-1) was put into a mixer (vertical mixer, Kanto Blender Industries, Ltd.) Then, lard (Lard 200P manufactured by Tsukishima Foods Industries Co., Ltd.) or olive oil (DANTE olive oil manufactured by Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd.) listed in Table 3 was added and mixed for 60 minutes to obtain a fat-containing koji containing oils and fats evenly mixed. Anpan bread was obtained according to Production Example 1 except that this fat-and-oil-containing koji was used. Evaluation was conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.
In lard (solid oil), the effect of narrowing the cavity was slightly weaker than linseed oil. In olive oil (liquid oil), the cavity was narrowed like linseed oil, and the moist feeling of the cocoon was improved.
表3
Table 3
製造例2 饅頭の製造
配合表2に従って饅頭生地を製造した。すなわち、篩った上白糖70質量部に17質量部の水を少しずつ加え、杓文字で充分に擦り混ぜ、17質量部の水を更に加えて上白糖を完全に溶解させた。ベーキングパウダーを1質量部の水で溶かして上白糖液に加えた。薄力粉100質量部を篩い入れ、杓文字でさっくりと捏ねた後、軽くもみまとめて饅頭生地を得た。30gに分割して円形に成形した饅頭生地に、20gの漉し餡(的場製餡所株式会社製和菓子用こしMK−1)を包餡した。蒸し器に投入し、12分間蒸して饅頭を得た。
Production Example 2 A bun dough was produced according to the bun production chart 2. That is, 17 parts by mass of water was added little by little to 70 parts by mass of the screened white sucrose, and the mixture was thoroughly rubbed with scissors, and 17 parts by weight of water was further added to completely dissolve the white sucrose. The baking powder was dissolved in 1 part by weight of water and added to the white sugar solution. 100 parts by weight of the weak flour was sifted and kneaded gently with the scissors, and then lightly massed to obtain a bun dough. The bun dough divided into 30 g and formed into a circular shape was wrapped with 20 g of koji koji (Japanese confectionery strainer MK-1 manufactured by Matoba Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). It was put into a steamer and steamed for 12 minutes to obtain a bun.
配合表2 饅頭生地原料(質量部)
Recipe 2 Wharf dough ingredients (parts by weight)
試験例4 アマニ油含有餡を使用した饅頭の製造
100質量部の漉し餡(的場製餡所株式会社製和菓子用こしMK−1)をミキサー(関東混合機工業株式会社縦型ミキサー)に投入し、表4記載のアマニ油(日本製粉社製アマニ油)を添加して60分間混合してアマニ油が均等混合されたアマニ油含有餡を得た。このアマニ油含有餡を使用した以外は製造例2に従って饅頭を得た。得られた饅頭を上記評価基準表に従って10名の熟練パネラーにより評価した。結果を表4に示す。なお、アマニ油を添加しない餡を対照例3とした。
結果を表4に示した。実施例8の饅頭は、対照例3の饅頭よりも空洞が非常に小さく、しっとりした餡であった。
Test Example 4 Manufacture of buns using linseed oil-containing cocoons 100 parts by weight of cocoon cake (Matashi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Japanese confectionery strainer MK-1) was introduced into a mixer (vertical mixer, Kanto Blender Industries, Ltd.) The linseed oil shown in Table 4 (Japanese linseed oil linseed oil) was added and mixed for 60 minutes to obtain a linseed oil-containing soot in which the linseed oil was evenly mixed. A wharf was obtained according to Production Example 2 except that this linseed oil-containing culm was used. The obtained wharf was evaluated by 10 skilled panelists according to the above evaluation criteria table. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, the soot which does not add linseed oil was made into the control example 3.
The results are shown in Table 4. The wharf of Example 8 was a moist wrinkle with a much smaller cavity than the wharf of Control Example 3.
表4
Table 4
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