JP2018192423A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a crusher which enables improvement of the quality of discharged debris and makes clogging at the downstream process less likely to occur without deteriorating the overall processing capacity.SOLUTION: A crusher 10 includes a rotor 20, a hammer 24, a lower grate 13 and an upper grate 14. The rotor 20 rotates. The hammer 24 is disposed at the rotor 20. The lower grate 13 is disposed while forming an arc-shaped surface so as to cover an outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20. The upper grate 14 is disposed in a position higher than the lower grate 13. A downstream side end part of the rotor 20 of an arc-shaped surface of the lower grate 13 as seen in a rotation direction is located higher than a virtual horizontal surface P1 including a rotation axis of the rotor 20.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a configuration of a crusher that crushes an object.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known an impact crusher configured to crush an input object by impact / shear by an impact member that rotates at high speed, and discharge the object that has become so fine that it passes through a great. Patent document 1 discloses this kind of crusher.

  The crushing facility described in Patent Document 1 includes a crushing chamber, a crushing rotor, a lower grating, and an upper grating. The crushing rotor has a plurality of hammers. The lower grating and the upper grating are formed of, for example, a lattice-shaped casting having a plurality of openings.

  With this configuration, the object to be crushed put into the crushing chamber is crushed into small pieces in the crushing chamber by each hammer and dropped from the opening of the lower grating or discharged, or as the crushing rotor rotates. , It is discharged through the opening of the upper grating.

JP 2013-46884 A

  In a crusher having a grate at the upper part and the lower part as in Patent Document 1, the fragments discharged from the upper grate include a lot of elongated shapes compared to the fragments from the lower grate, and the downstream side It is easy to cause clogging in the process. Therefore, the improvement was desired from a viewpoint of improving the quality of the fragments discharged from the crusher as a whole.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to improve the quality of discharged fragments without reducing the overall processing capacity and to prevent clogging in downstream processes. It is to provide a crusher that can.

  The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems and the effects thereof will be described.

  According to the viewpoint of this invention, the crusher of the following structures is provided. That is, the crusher includes a rotor, an impact member, a first great, and a second great. The rotor rotates. The impact member is disposed on the rotor. The first great is arranged in a circular arc shape so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the rotor. The second great is disposed at a position higher than the first great. An end of the first great circular arc surface on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor is higher than a virtual horizontal plane including the rotation axis of the rotor.

  Thereby, even when the rotating impact member is at a position higher than the rotational axis of the rotor, the object can be crushed between the portion of the first great arc surface that is higher than the virtual horizontal plane. As a result, since many pieces can be discharged from the first great, it is possible to improve the processing capacity and quality.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the crusher which can improve the quality of the discharged | emitted fragment | piece and make it hard to generate | occur | produce clogging in a downstream process, without reducing the processing capacity as a whole can be provided.

The side surface schematic diagram which shows the whole structure of the crusher which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The side surface schematic diagram of the crusher used for the test. The side surface schematic diagram of the crusher which extended the bottom great by 40 degrees compared with FIG. The side surface schematic diagram of the crusher which extended the lower great by 60 degrees compared with FIG.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an overall configuration of a crusher 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The crusher 10 of this embodiment is a machine installed in a recycling plant that processes and recycles scrap cars, waste home appliances, industrial waste, and the like. The crusher 10 is configured as an impact type crusher, and can crush the input object by impact / shearing into small pieces.

  The crusher 10 of the present embodiment mainly includes a casing 1, a lower great (first great) 13, an upper great (second great) 14, a rotor 20, and a hammer 24.

  The casing 1 is configured to be hollow so that a path through which an object can pass is formed. Inside the casing 1, a lower grate 13, an upper grate 14, a rotor 20 and a hammer 24 are accommodated. An inlet 2 that is opened obliquely upward is formed on the side of the casing 1, and an object can be introduced into the crusher 10 from the outside via the inlet 2.

  The rotor 20 is disposed in a crushing chamber 1b formed in the casing 1, and is supported so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis. The rotor 20 is provided with a plurality of hammers (impact members, striking members) 24 on the outer peripheral portion thereof that rotate at high speed to give impact (impact) to an object and crush it. The hammer 24 is rotatably supported.

  The lower grate 13 is formed in a circular arc shape centering on the rotation axis of the rotor 20, and is disposed below the rotor 20. Inside the casing 1, a discharge chamber 1 c for discharging a crushed object (debris) is formed on the outside of the arc-shaped lower great 13.

  In the lower grate 13, a large number of through holes formed in a penetrating manner are arranged in a lattice pattern. The lower grate 13 is disposed so as to partition the crushing chamber 1b and the discharge chamber 1c, and the crushing chamber 1b and the discharge chamber 1c are connected through the passage hole.

  When viewed in the axial direction of the rotor 20, the lower great 13 is disposed so as to form a small gap with respect to the trajectory through which the tip of the hammer 24 protruding from the rotor 20 passes as shown in FIG. 1. Has been. Therefore, an arc-shaped crushing space 31 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 and the lower grate 13, and the hammer 24 passes through the crushing space 31. The upstream end of the crushing space 31 is connected to the supply space 1a described above.

  In this configuration, the object in the supply space 1 a is sent to the entrance of the crushing chamber 1 b (specifically, the end of the crushing space 31), and is crushed by the hammer 24 that rotates with the rotor 20, while being crushed into the crushing space 31. Move along. Debris whose object has been crushed to a predetermined size or less passes through the passage hole of the lower great 13 and reaches the discharge chamber 1c. The debris in the discharge chamber 1c goes out so as to fall from the discharge port 5 formed on the lower surface of the casing 1, falls onto a conveyor or a vibration feeder (not shown) installed below the crusher 10, and is sorted. Or the like to the downstream process.

  The upper great 14 is disposed above the rotor 20. More specifically, an upper space 32 that is a relatively larger space than the crushing space 31 formed below is provided above the rotor 20, and a certain amount of debris is retained in the upper space 32. be able to. Thereby, even when a large amount of objects are put into the crushing chamber 1b, the fluctuation of the load applied to the rotor 20 can be suppressed by dispersing the fragments in the circumferential direction of the rotor 20 through the upper space 32. The upper great 14 is disposed so as to partition the upper portion of the upper space 32 and the discharge chamber 1c.

  Similar to the lower great 13 described above, a large number of through holes formed in a penetrating manner are arranged in the upper great 14 in a lattice shape. In the upper space 32, the debris that has been bounced up by the rotation of the rotor 20 and passed through the passage hole of the upper great 14 falls to the discharge chamber 1c, joins with the debris that has passed through the lower great 13, and proceeds to the downstream process. Be transported. On the other hand, the object that could not pass through the passage hole is crushed again by the hammer 24 that rotates at a high speed while being bounced off by the wall of the upper space 32, and returned to the upstream end of the crushing space 31.

  The upper great 14 is fixed to a rotatable shaft 15 supported by the casing 1. Therefore, by changing the angle of the upper great 14 around the axis 15, the ease of passage of fragments with respect to the upper great 14 can be adjusted.

  By the way, the fragments discharged through the upper great 14 tend to be more elongated than the fragments discharged through the lower great 13. This is due to the following reason. That is, in order to discharge the fragments from the great, even though the fragments have an elongated shape whose longitudinal length is longer than the size of the passage hole of the great, It is necessary to pass through the passage hole while directing the direction toward the great passage hole. In this respect, the crushing space 31 formed between the lower grate 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 is narrow, and in this portion, it is difficult for the elongated fragments to pass through the passage hole of the lower grate 13. On the other hand, since the upper space 32 formed between the upper great 14 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20 is larger than the crushing space 31, the slender fragments tend to pass through the passage holes of the upper great 14.

  Such elongated fragments are likely to be caught and clogged in the downstream process, leading to a decrease in operational stability, and are often regarded as low quality. There is room for adjusting the angle of the upper great 14 so that the fragments are less likely to pass through the upper great 14, but it is still difficult to maintain a good balance between processing capability and quality. Although a cover (not shown) may be attached and closed so as to cover the passage hole of the upper great 14, in this case, the processing capability of the crusher 10 is not significantly reduced.

  Therefore, in the crusher 10 of the present embodiment, the lower great 13 is configured to have an arc-shaped portion (extension portion 13x) protruding upward from the virtual horizontal plane P1 including the axis of the rotor 20. The arc center of the extended portion 13x coincides with the axis of the rotor 20 in the same manner as the arc center of the portion below the virtual horizontal plane P1. Further, the arc radius of the extension 13x is equal to the arc radius of the portion below the virtual horizontal plane P1.

  With this configuration, the arc-shaped crushing space 31 is substantially extended, so that the object is crushed well between the lower great 13 and the hammer 24 and is discharged from the passage hole of the lower great 13. You can increase the number of debris. Furthermore, the quality of the fragments discharged from the crusher 10 can be improved by increasing the ratio of the fragments discharged from the lower great 13 to the whole.

  By the way, from the viewpoint of increasing the discharge efficiency from the upper great 14, debris scattered upward by the hammer 24 hit from below can smoothly reach the upper great 14 without being blocked by other configurations. preferable. From this, in the crusher having the upper great 14, the upper great 14 is arranged so as to cover almost directly above the point Q where the tangent of the rotation trajectory of the hammer 24 is substantially vertically upward, The height of the uppermost end of the arc surface of the lower great 13 is up to the point Q, in other words, the center of the rotation trajectory of the hammer 24 (the axis of the rotor 20) so that the upper great 14 can be seen well from the point Q. The conventional common sense is to use a virtual horizontal plane P1 including

  Further, if the lower great 13 is extended in an arc shape as shown in FIG. 1, the space near the upper great 14 becomes narrow, and it becomes difficult to install a foreign matter discharge gate or the like. It was considered practical.

  On the other hand, the inventor of the present application conducted extensive research without being bound by the above-mentioned technical practice. From the viewpoint of improving the processing capacity and quality of the machine 10, it was found out by conducting tests and the like that it was effective.

  Hereinafter, this test will be described. That is, in the conventional crusher, the height of the end portion of the lower grate on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor is equal to or less than the height of the virtual horizontal plane including the rotation axis of the rotor. Therefore, the inventor of the present application has studied to extend the lower grate upward as a configuration capable of improving the processing capacity of the crusher and reducing the elongated fragments.

  The inventor of the present application first prepared a crusher 10p shown in FIG. 2 as a configuration corresponding to the prior art. In this crusher 10p, the arc-shaped lower grate 13 covering the lower surface of the rotor 20 has an end on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor 20 as compared to the crusher 10 shown in FIG. It becomes the structure which is the same height. In the description of the crusher 10p, the same or similar members as those of the crusher 10 in FIG.

  The above-described passage holes are arranged in a lattice pattern in the lower grate 13, but in the crusher 10p of FIG. 2, eight rows of passage holes arranged in the axial direction of the rotor 20 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the arc. ing. In the test, the eight rows are divided into two rows, group A on the upstream side in the rotation direction, group B in the middle three rows, and group C in the three rows on the downstream side, and the sample is put into the crusher 10p. Then, the ratio of the amount discharged from each group when crushing was examined. At this time, the angle of the upper great 14 was set to be horizontal.

  In the crusher 10p having the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 2, among the fragments discharged from the lower great 13, the discharge amount from the group A of the passage hole rows is 22.8% (total of the two rows), and the group B is 40.8% (3 rows total), Group C was 36.4% (3 rows total). Moreover, the ratio for which the fragments from the lower great 13 account for 55.7% among all the fragments, and the ratio for the fragments from the upper great 14 was 44.3%.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3, a crusher 10q in which the end portion of the lower great 13 was extended in an arc shape was prepared. The configuration in FIG. 3 corresponds to a configuration in which the central angle of the arc surface of the lower great 13 in the conventional configuration (FIG. 2) is expanded downstream in the rotational direction of the rotor 20. In the crusher 10q of FIG. 3, the length of the arc-shaped portion (extension portion 13x) in which the lower grate 13 extends upward from the virtual horizontal plane P1 including the rotation axis of the rotor 20 is 40 ° in terms of the central angle. It was. Then, the two rows of through holes formed in the 40 ° portion were divided into groups D.

  When crushing was performed under the same conditions as described above using the crusher 10q shown in FIG. 3, among the debris discharged from the lower great 13, the discharge amount from the group A in the row of passage holes was 19.4% ( 2 rows total), Group B 35.4% (3 rows total), Group C 30.0% (3 rows total), Group D 15.2% (2 rows total) . Moreover, the ratio for which the fragments from the lower great 13 account for 61.5% and the ratio for the fragments from the upper great 14 among all the fragments was 38.5%.

  When the emission amount from group D is converted into one row, it becomes 7.6%, which is not high compared with other groups (11% to 13% per row). This can be attributed to the fact that the passing hole of the group D faces obliquely upward unlike others. Still, considering that the debris that did not become sufficiently small in the group A to C is discharged in the group D because it has been reduced in the group D, if all the groups are combined, they are discharged from the lower great 13. It can be said that the amount of fragments increased favorably compared to the crusher 10p of FIG. In addition, since the amount of discharge from the lower great 13 is increased, the ratio of the discharge amount from the upper great 14 is decreased, which indicates that the quality is improved by reducing the number of elongated fragments.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 4, a crusher 10 r was prepared in which the end portion of the lower great 13 was further extended in an arc shape as compared with the configuration of FIG. 3. The length of the arc-shaped portion (extension portion 13x) in which the lower great 13 extends upward from the virtual horizontal plane P1 including the rotation axis of the rotor 20 is 60 ° in terms of the central angle (in other words, FIG. 3). This was further extended by 20 ° than in the case of (1). Then, the three rows of through holes formed in the 60 ° portion were divided into a group D ′.

  In the crusher 10r shown in FIG. 4, out of the fragments discharged from the lower great 13, the discharge amount from the group A of the passage hole rows is 20.2% (total of the two rows), and the group B is 32.4%. (3 rows total), Group C was 30.3% (3 rows total) and Group D 'was 17.1% (3 rows total). Moreover, the ratio for which the fragments from the lower great 13 account for 63.9% and the ratio for the fragments from the upper great 14 among all the fragments was 36.1%.

  In group D ′, the emission amount converted per row is 5.7%, which is smaller than that of group D in FIG. 3. However, if all groups are combined, they are discharged from lower great 13. It can be said that the amount of debris increased compared to the crusher 10p of FIG. Further, it can be seen that the ratio of the discharge amount from the lower great 13 increases and the ratio of the discharge amount from the lower great 13 decreases.

  As described above, when the end portion of the lower great 13 protrudes in an arc shape upward from the virtual horizontal plane P <b> 1 including the rotation axis of the rotor 20, the processing capability can be enhanced and the quality of the discharged fragments is improved overall. The knowledge that it was possible was obtained. In addition, when the results of other experiments carried out accompanying the above are also taken together, the length of the arc-shaped extension 13x is 10 ° or more and 80 ° or less, preferably 20 ° or more and 70 ° or less in terms of the central angle. It has been confirmed that it is more preferable that the angle be 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less.

  As described above, the crusher 10 includes the rotor 20, the hammer 24, the lower great 13, and the upper great 14. The rotor 20 rotates. The hammer 24 is disposed on the rotor 20. The lower grate 13 is arranged in a circular arc shape so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 20. The upper great 14 is disposed at a position higher than the lower great 13. The end of the arc surface of the lower great 13 on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor 20 is higher than the virtual horizontal plane P <b> 1 including the axis of the rotor 20.

  Thereby, even when the rotating hammer 24 is at a position higher than the rotation axis of the rotor 20, the object between the arc surface of the lower great 13 and the portion that is higher than the virtual horizontal plane P <b> 1 (extension portion 13 x). Can be crushed. As a result, since many pieces can be discharged from the lower great 13, it is possible to improve the processing capacity and the quality.

  Moreover, in the crusher 10q shown in FIG. 3, the central angle with respect to a part higher than the said virtual horizontal surface P1 among the circular arc surfaces of the lower great 13 is 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less.

  Thereby, it is possible to satisfactorily realize both the enhancement of the processing capacity and the improvement of the quality of the discharged fragments.

  Further, in the crusher 10q shown in FIG. 3, the angle of the upper great 14 can be changed when viewed in a direction parallel to the axis of the rotor 20.

  Thereby, the ratio of the fragments discharged from the upper great 14 can be adjusted according to the situation while increasing the discharge amount from the lower great 13.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the above configuration can be modified as follows, for example.

  The lower grate 13 may be integrally formed including the extended portion 13x, or may be formed by dividing and joining each other. For example, the upper part (extension part 13x) from the virtual horizontal plane P1 and the lower part may be configured as separate parts. Further, for example, a plurality of elongated parts (grate bars) configured in a comb shape are arranged in an arc shape so as to be a portion of the arc surface of the lower great 13, and the comb shape portion becomes the passage hole. You may comprise.

  The size of the rotor 20, the number of hammers 24, the shape of the crushing chamber 1b, the radius of the arc surface of the lower grate 13, the shape and number of through holes formed in the lower grate 13 and the upper grate 14, etc. are required processing. It can be appropriately changed according to the ability, the properties of the object, and the like.

  The angle of the upper great 14 may be configured to be unchangeable instead of being changeable as described above.

10 Crusher 13 Lower Great (1st Great)
14 Great Great (2nd Great)
20 rotor 24 hammer (impact member)
P1 virtual horizontal plane

Claims (3)

A rotating rotor;
An impact member disposed on the rotor;
A first grate arranged in a circular arc shape so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the rotor;
A second great disposed at a position higher than the first great;
With
The crusher according to claim 1, wherein an end of the first great circular arc surface on the downstream side in the rotation direction of the rotor is higher than a virtual horizontal plane including a rotation axis of the rotor. The crusher according to claim 1,
A crusher characterized in that a central angle with respect to a portion higher than the virtual horizontal plane in the arc surface of the first great is 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less. The crusher according to claim 1 or 2,
A crusher characterized in that the angle of the second great when viewed in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor can be changed.

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