JP2018129867A - Electrical power system and charging station - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrical power system which provides an LIC (lithium ion capacitor) as a novel DC power supply and can utilize its characteristics, and a charging station.SOLUTION: An electrical power system comprises a first power supply and a DC power supply, and supplies power to a load facility. The DC power supply includes an LIC and supplies power to the load facility by discharging from the LIC. A charging facility for charging the LIC comprises: a charged electrode plate which is charged with electric charge in accordance with a potential difference between an installation position and a grounding point; the LIC which is electrically connected with the charged electrode plate and moves the electric charge charged in the charged electrode plate to accumulate the electric charge; a switch which can disconnect electrical connection between the charged electrode plate and the LIC; an electrode plate voltage calculation part which obtains a voltage of the charged electrode plate or an amount of the electric charge charged in the charged electrode plate; and a control part which controls opening and closing of the switch in accordance with the voltage of the charged electrode plate or the amount of the electric charge charged in the charged electrode plate obtained by the electrode plate voltage calculation part and moves the electric charge charged in the charged electrode plate to the LIC.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system and a charging station including a DC power supply, and more particularly to a power supply system and a charging station configured to include a LIC (lithium ion capacitor) as a DC power supply.

  The power supply system is widely applied and used in various various industrial facilities, household facilities, or mobile facilities. The power supply system in this case is a power supply system for various devices (loads) in the facility, and is generally composed of an AC power supply (AC), a DC power supply (DC), or both. Furthermore, the power supply system may be configured to include an uninterruptible power supply UPS (UPS has a mixed meaning here, but the description is omitted).

  As a typical example of industrial equipment to which the power supply system is applied, for example, there is a power supply system for a power plant. The power supply systems in power plants are publicly recognized as having AC power supply (AC) and DC power supply (DC) that have been established for operation over many years. AC or DC power is supplied.

  Specifically, for example, in the operation of a generator in a power plant, there is a turbine that drives it, and the power generation function as a whole is demonstrated by the proper operation of the auxiliary machinery group around the main engine. Is maintained. Here, since the power plant is generally an AC power generation system, most of them are AC (AC) power supply types except for some DC auxiliary machines, DC excitation systems, and DC control system power supplies. As described above, the power source of the power plant is configured mainly with an AC power source in normal operation, but is configured to include a DC power source for emergency operation. For example, when all AC power in the site is lost, in order to maintain the mechanical system process within the allowable operating level, for example, an emergency DC power auxiliary (oil pump) is activated to damage the bearings of the main rotor. In order to prevent refueling, an emergency configuration with a DC power supply is used. In these cases, most of the DC power sources are configured to include a storage battery.

  With regard to such a power supply configuration, a lithium ion capacitor LIC (hereinafter simply referred to as LIC) with high energy density and improved safety performance is provided as a new DC power supply, and supply and absorption to the DC load in the power plant is executed with high response. It has been studied to perform power supply support (assist) to the load.

  For example, Patent Document 1 describes a technology relating to a power storage system and a power storage method for storing electrostatic energy using a potential gradient in the atmosphere as a power storage system and a power storage method for LIC.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-002133

  In the power plant power system described above, the function expected from the DC power source including the storage battery, or the requirement of the operation specifications for this configuration, is the minimum load that is urgent and indispensable when all the AC power sources in the station are lost. , Power supply to the equipment.

  Specifically, it is an auxiliary machine stop due to AC power supply interruption and an instantaneous power supply for the resulting decrease in hydraulic pressure, and the accelerating machine (pump) for storage battery power supply is started for the fastest response. The equipment is configured as a circuit. In this case, a large starting current is generated in the auxiliary machine due to a rapid rise in the load of the storage equipment, but this is inevitably but not rational because it imposes restrictions on determining the specifications of the storage battery equipment. .

  As a method for supplying power to the storage battery facility, the AC power source in the power plant is converted into a DC power source, and this generally uses power obtained by power generation. For this reason, it is the result of causing the efficiency fall as the whole power plant.

  With regard to these problems, focusing on the LIC described in Patent Document 1 described above, it is considered that there is no restriction on the determination of the specifications of the storage battery equipment, and there is no possibility of causing a decrease in efficiency of the entire power plant.

  In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system and a charging station that take advantage of the characteristics by providing a LIC as a new DC power supply.

  In order to solve the above problems, for example, the configuration described in the claims is adopted. The present invention includes a plurality of means for solving the above-mentioned problems. For example, a power supply system including a first power supply and a DC power supply for supplying power to a load facility, the DC power supply being a lithium ion capacitor And supplying power to the load facility by discharging from a lithium ion capacitor.

  The present invention is also a charging station comprising a power supply system mounted on a moving body and supplying a load with a DC power supply and an outdoor facility, and the outdoor facility is charged with a potential difference between an installation position and a grounding point. And a height adjusting means for determining the height position between the band electrode plate installation position and the moving body, the DC power source is electrically connected to the band electrode plate, A lithium ion capacitor that moves a charged charge and stores the charge, and a switch provided between the strip electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor, the electrical connection between the strip electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor A switch that can be cut off, a voltage of the band electrode plate, or an electrode plate voltage calculation unit that calculates the amount of charge charged to the band electrode plate, and a voltage of the band electrode plate obtained by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit, Or And controls the opening and closing of the switch according to the charge amount of the electrode plate, a charging station, characterized in that it comprises a control unit for moving the charged charge to charging electrode plate to a lithium ion capacitor.

  According to the present invention, by providing the LIC as a new DC power supply, it is possible to provide a power supply system and a charging station that take advantage of the characteristics.

  Specific effects will be clarified in each embodiment. For example, it is possible to maintain compensation for the starting current of the DC auxiliary machine, reduce the storage battery capacity, and further develop applications. In addition, with regard to the method of storing electricity in the LIC, the accumulation of electric charges using the potential gradient in the atmosphere is stored as electrostatic energy, so that there is no need to install large-scale facilities such as other renewable energy. I am convinced that it will be a method of use that temporarily mitigates and applies some severe dynamic situation changes, and should be a solution to some of the social issues for reducing environmental impact.

  Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

The figure which shows the basic composition of the power supply system 100 of this invention. The figure which shows the example of the power supply system 100 suitable for applying to a general plant (factory etc.) and the in-house power supply equipment in a power plant. The figure which shows the example of the power supply system 100 suitable for applying to the power supply equipment for home use. The figure explaining the usage of LIC. The figure which shows the 1st usage example 201 of LIC. The figure which showed in detail the specific structural example of the power supply system with respect to DC power supply equipment in a power plant. The figure which showed the case where the electrical storage from AC power supply to LIC is performed. The figure which showed the case where the electrical storage from an atmospheric electric field to LIC was performed. The figure which showed the case where the electrical storage from AC power supply to storage battery StBt is performed. The figure which showed the case where the electrical storage from LIC to storage battery StBt is performed. The figure which showed the case which discharges from storage battery StBt to load. The figure which showed the case which discharges from storage battery StBt and LIC to load. The figure which shows the example of the power supply system 100 suitable for applying to the general plant (factory etc.) which concerns on an Example, and the in-house power supply equipment in a power plant. The figure which showed in detail the specific structural example of the power supply system with respect to DC power supply equipment in the power station which concerns on Example 2. FIG. The figure which shows the result of having compared and evaluated the direct-current power supply equipment only in a storage battery, and the direct-current power supply equipment in the case of LIC. The figure which showed in detail the example of a structure of the power supply system with respect to DC power supply equipment in the power station which concerns on Example 3. FIG. The figure for demonstrating management in the power plant of Example 3. FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a further application development example of the LIC according to the fourth embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the effect at the time of applying this invention to a thermal power station. The figure which shows the application development example to the motor vehicle of LIC which concerns on Example 5. FIG. The figure which shows equipment structures, such as the power supply equipment 400 in the case of charging mobile bodies, such as a motor vehicle. The figure which imaged the non-contact charge station when the object to be charged is a moving body such as an automobile.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The present invention is a power supply system including a DC power supply, and particularly a power supply system including a LIC as a DC power supply. The power supply system including the DC power supply of the present invention can be applied as a power supply system for various uses (industrial equipment, household equipment, mobile equipment, etc.). Various arrangements and usages of the LIC can be applied. For this reason, an example of a schematic configuration of a power supply system including the LIC will be described first.

  In these cases, when configuring a power supply system, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, an AC power supply bus BUSAC, a converter CON that converts power from AC to DC, a DC bus BUSDC, and a distribution board Bd are illustrated. DC power is supplied to the DC load. The DC side of the converter CON is connected to the DC battery Bt, and the DC power stored in the DC battery Bt is supplied from the DC battery Bt to the in-house load as needed via the distribution board Bd. The

  In the case of the power supply configuration of FIG. 1, the power supply system 100 itself supplies DC power to a DC load (not shown), and the entire configuration 100 can be said to be a DC power supply in a broad sense. However, since DC power supply when the AC power supply is lost is intended here, the power supply unit in the narrow sense, that is, when the AC power supply is lost, is referred to as the DC power supply 200. The DC power source 200 includes a DC battery Bt. In FIG. 1, a LIC is additionally installed on the DC battery Bt, which is a basic DC power source facility. FIG. 1 discloses the basic configuration of the power supply system 100 of the present invention. Therefore, it is possible to configure the power supply system 100 by additionally installing various types of equipment on the basis of this configuration or by deleting a part of them.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of a power supply system 100 suitable for application to a general plant (such as a factory) or an in-house power supply facility in a power plant. AC power supply bus BUSAC, converter CON, DC bus BUSDC, distribution board Bd, etc. are connected through appropriate switches SW (SW1 to SW5) to supply DC power to a DC load (not shown). . The difference from FIG. 1 is that a switch for switching is arranged in various places and a storage battery StBt is arranged instead of the DC battery Bt as a basic DC power supply facility. The philosophy is the same as in FIG. 1 in that an LIC is additionally installed on the storage battery StBt, which is a basic DC power supply facility.

  Assuming that the configuration of FIG. 2 is applied to the configuration of an in-house power supply facility in a general power plant, during normal operation, the AC power supply bus BUSAC is connected to the storage battery StBt via the switch SW1, the converter CON, the switches SW2, and SW5. It stores electricity. In this state, the other switches SW3 and SW4 are open.

  Next, in an emergency such as loss of AC power supply, the switches SW3 and SW4 are closed and any one of the switches SW1 and SW2 is opened. As a result, the DC power supply auxiliary machine installed to safely stop important equipment (turbine, generator, etc.) in the power plant is activated via the distribution board Bd. Such an operation method is constructed based on many years of experience and achievements at a power plant, and is a highly reliable system. In the embodiment of the present invention, a case where a LIC is added to a storage battery StBt installed as a supply source of a DC power supply facility and a new DC power supply 200 is obtained by a combination thereof is shown.

  Note that FIG. 2 is premised on application to a general plant (factory, etc.) or an on-site power supply facility in a power plant. In the case of these facilities, an AC load driven by an AC power source during normal operation and an AC power source loss It is sometimes configured to include a DC load driven by a DC power source. FIG. 2 discloses the equipment configuration on the DC power source side 100 (in a broad sense) of these. Therefore, an AC power supply bus BUSAC is additionally provided with a system for feeding power to an AC load (not shown) via another AC circuit.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a power supply system 100 suitable for application to power supply equipment for home use. The power supply system of the present invention configured to include the LIC can be applied to home use. However, in the home power supply equipment and the in-house power supply equipment in the general plant (factory or the like) in FIG. There are basic differences. In the case of home use, there is almost no DC load, and in many cases, power is supplied to the AC load. Therefore, the DC power source including the LIC is supplied to the AC load after AC conversion.

  When the configuration of FIG. 3 is compared with the configuration of FIG. 1, the converter CON is not provided, but the AC power supply bus BUSAC1 and the AC power supply bus BUSAC2 are provided. Moreover, as a basic DC power supply facility, a power regulator PCS (Power Conditioning System) is provided instead of the DC battery Bt, and the power regulator PCS is connected to the LIC. The power regulator PCS has a mutual conversion function between AC and DC. In this configuration, the power supply line BUSAC1 and the power supply line are connected to the AC load by appropriately opening and closing the switches SW6 and SW7. Switching to either or both of the adjusters PCS. At least when AC power is lost, AC power is supplied from the LIC to the AC load via the power regulator PCS.

  1 shows the basic configuration of the power supply system 100 of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a circuit configuration example when power is supplied to a DC load, and FIG. 3 shows a circuit configuration example when power is supplied to an AC load. The present invention can be expected to have an effect of installing a LIC as a new DC power supply facility for any application example of an AC load and a DC load. Next, the operation | movement using LIC in the circuit example of FIG. 2, FIG. 3 is demonstrated.

  First of all, LIC has a high energy density at high output, that is, superior in charge / discharge performance, and long life and safety compared to a conventional storage battery used as DC power supply 200. It has characteristics in terms of performance such as high performance, and it can be expected as an assist power source in a wide range of fields in the future.

  In the present invention, the power supply by the LIC is intended to be performed, but there are several ways to supply the power by taking advantage of the characteristics of the LIC. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining how to use the LIC.

  The first use example 201 of the new DC power source (combination of storage battery and LIC) 200 in the power plant shown in FIG. 4 takes advantage of the high output density of the newly installed LIC to supply power immediately after the loss of the AC power source. Is to do. In this scene, the capacity of the storage battery can be reduced by compensating for the discharge current (starting current of plural / single auxiliary machines) generated when the DC power supply facilities are started all at once. The first usage example 201 will be described later with reference to FIG.

  The second use example 202 of the new DC power source (combination of storage battery and LIC) 200 shown in FIG. 4 is a power storage method for the storage battery StBt, in addition to the supply from the conventional AC power source, Taking advantage of its excellent charge / discharge performance, supply from LIC is also performed. It may be supplied directly from the LIC as a direct current power source.

  A third usage example 203 of the new DC power source (combination of storage battery and LIC) 200 in the power plant shown in FIG. 4 is a power storage method for the additionally installed LIC. In addition to the supply from the conventional AC power source, it is considered possible to store electricity by a natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field). Furthermore, it is possible to store electricity using regenerative energy generated when the rotating body is stopped in the power plant. All of these are reductions in AC power, and further reduction in power in the power plant can be expected. The above use examples are described as typical ones, and it is considered possible to develop them for other purposes.

  FIG. 5 shows a concept of performing the first usage example 201 (power supply immediately after the loss of the AC power supply). Here, various assist examples are shown that are applied to a power plant and assume a case where power assist is performed when the AC power supply is lost.

  In the assist cases 210, 220, 230, and 240 in FIG. 5, the horizontal axis indicates the time after loss of the AC power supply, and the vertical axis indicates the DC power amount (load current) required by the DC load. According to these cases, a large start-up load current flows, for example, for one minute after the loss of the AC power supply, and then a substantially constant steady-state current flows for a period of, for example, about 60 minutes. This is a load pattern of a general DC load.

  The DC power supply 200 may be any facility that can provide the entire load pattern shown in FIG. 5, but in many cases, the operation is limited to power supply at startup. For this reason, diesel generators and the like are installed in the power plant, and a DC power source is secured from here. The DC power supply (storage battery and LIC) 200 has a function sharing function that covers, for example, a start-up current in a period until the start-up of a diesel generator. In this sense, it is called assist. In the assist cases 210, 220, 230, and 240 in FIG. 5, the hatched portions are assist portions by the DC power source (storage battery and LIC) 200.

  In the case 210, power compensation is performed for all of the start-up load current, for example, for one minute after the loss of the AC power supply. In the case 220 and the case 230, power compensation is performed for a part of the load current at start-up, for example, for one minute after the loss of the AC power supply. The degree of compensation is different between case 220 and case 230. In case 240, for example, a part of the steady-state current is compensated together with the compensation of the load current at start-up for one minute after the loss of the AC power supply.

  FIG. 6 is an embodiment showing in detail a specific configuration example of a power supply system for a DC power supply facility in a power plant. In this figure, all configurations necessary for realizing the usage examples 201, 202, and 203 described in FIG. 4 are described.

  The configuration in FIG. 6 basically adopts the configuration in FIG. In addition, the conventional DC power supply facilities (AC power supply bus BUSAC, converter CON, storage battery StBt, DC power supply bus BUSDC, distribution board Bd, switch SW, etc.) installed in the power plant building are connected to LIC and LIC. A control unit 330 and a power regulator PCS that are necessary for controlling charging / discharging are additionally provided.

  Further, as a power storage system for the LIC that uses the atmospheric electric field, an outdoor electrode plate 314 that stores electric charges by an electric potential in the atmosphere is installed outside the power plant, and is connected to the LIC via the switch SW11. A grounded electrode plate 315 and a current detector 316 are installed outside the power plant, and a resistance voltage dividing circuit 312 for adjusting a voltage applied to the LIC in the power plant building and each switch SW for opening and closing a part of the circuit Is installed.

  In FIG. 6, the additionally installed control unit 330 and power regulator PCS are configured as follows. As described above, in addition to supplying power from the AC power supply bus BUSAC to the storage battery StBt, the charging current stored in the additional LIC is converted from direct current to direct current by the power regulator PCS, and the storage battery StBt Can be supplied. At this time, the power adjuster PCS control unit 332 and the switch control unit 334 provided in the control unit 330 perform opening / closing operations of the switches SW10 and SW5 to control an appropriate amount of power stored in the storage battery StBt.

  In the following, various functions according to the configuration of FIG. 6 and their usage will be described in more detail. Various functions executed under the control of the additionally installed control unit 330 are a power storage function to the LIC, a power storage function to the storage battery, and a power supply function to the load.

  Among these, the function of storing power to the LIC includes a case where it is performed from an AC power source and a case where it is performed using an atmospheric electric field, and is implemented with circuit configurations as shown in FIGS.

  In the case of storing power from the AC power source to the LIC shown in FIG. 7, the switch SW10 is closed by a close command from the switch control unit 334 in the control unit 330 in a state where the switches SW1 and SW2 are closed, and the PCS control unit The power adjuster PCS is controlled by the control signal from 332 to control the amount of electricity stored in the LIC. The switch control unit 334 opens the switch SW10 upon completion of power storage. In FIG. 7, switches SW other than those described above remain open. Thereby, power storage Ch1 from the AC power supply to the LIC is executed.

  In the case where power is stored in the LIC using the atmospheric electric field shown in FIG. 8, the switch SW15 is closed by a close command from the switch control unit 334 in the control unit 330, the current is detected by the current detector 316, and the switch control is performed. The switches SW11 and SW14 are closed by a closing command from the unit 334. The amount of electricity stored in the LIC is controlled by calculating a potential difference generated between the LIC and the outdoor electrode plate 314 in the electrode plate voltage calculation unit 335 and the capacitor voltage measurement unit 333 and changing the resistance value in the resistance voltage dividing circuit 312. The switch control unit 334 opens the switches SW11 and SW14 when the power storage is completed. In FIG. 8, switches SW other than those described above remain open. Thereby, power storage Ch2 to the LIC using the atmospheric electric field is executed.

  Here, power storage in the LIC using the atmospheric electric field is described in detail in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, but will be briefly described here. Although the principle of the power storage method is described in Patent Document 1, in short, charges corresponding to the electric field distribution in the atmosphere are accumulated in the outdoor electrode plate 314, and the value of the current flowing between the ground electrode plate 315 is supplied to the current detector 316. The voltage applied between the terminals of the LIC is calculated from the capacitor voltage measuring unit 333 and the electrode plate voltage calculating unit 335 installed in the control unit 330, and the potential difference generated between the outdoor electrode plates 314 and 315 is calculated. The switch SW11 is closed and stored by flowing current to the LIC side. At this time, since the LIC has an allowable voltage, the resistance voltage dividing circuit 312 is installed so as to be within the range of the allowable voltage, and the voltage applied to the LIC is divided by changing the resistance value.

  The above power storage system is caused by changes in the electric field distribution in the atmosphere, but it is a natural phenomenon that always occurs throughout the year, and it is a means of reliably storing power even when AC power is lost. The supply amount can be reduced. Here, although only one LIC is shown, it is assumed that a plurality of LICs are actually connected in parallel, in series, or in series-parallel.

  Next, the function of storing power in the storage battery will be described. The storage function to the storage battery includes a case where it is performed from an AC power source and a case where it is performed from a LIC, which are implemented with circuit configurations as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively.

  In the case where power is stored in the storage battery StBt from the AC power source shown in FIG. 9, the switch SW5 is closed by a close command from the switch control unit 334 in the control unit 330 in a state where the switches SW1 and SW2 are closed. The power storage Ch3 is performed to the storage battery StBt. Note that the operation of FIG. 9 has been performed conventionally. Thereby, electricity storage Ch3 from the AC power source to the storage battery StBt is executed.

  In the case where power is stored from the LIC to the storage battery StBt shown in FIG. 10, the switches SW10, SW5, SW12, and SW13 are closed by the close command from the switch control unit 334 in the control unit 330, and the control signal from the PCS control unit 332 By controlling the power regulator PCS, the amount of power stored in the storage battery StBt is controlled. The switch control unit 334 opens the switches SW10, SW5, SW12, and SW13 when the power storage is completed. In FIG. 10, the switches SW other than those described above remain open. Thereby, the storage Ch4 from the LIC to the storage battery StBt is executed.

  Finally, the function of supplying power to the load will be described. There are cases where power is supplied to the load from the storage battery StBt, a case where the load is supplied from the LIC, and a case where the load is supplied from the LIC. Here, a case where the load is supplied from the storage battery StBt and a case where both are performed are described with reference to FIGS. To do.

  In the case where power is supplied from the storage battery StBt to the load shown in FIG. 11, the discharge Dch1 from the storage battery StBt to the load is performed by closing the switch SW4 when the switches SW5 and SW3 are closed. The switch SW4 is connected to a DC power supply auxiliary machine (for example, an emergency pump) in the power plant, and is automatically closed depending on the process state.

  In the case where power is supplied from the storage battery StBt and the LIC to the load shown in FIG. 12, the switch SW10 is closed by a close command from the switch control unit 334 in the control unit 330 in a state where the switches SW5 and SW3 are closed, and thereafter In response to an open command from the switch control unit 334, the switch SW5 is opened so that the LIC can be discharged. In this case, the switch D4 is discharged to the load by closing the switch SW4 in accordance with a closing command from the switch control unit 334 in the control unit 330. In addition, in order to compensate the guidance current for the DC power supply auxiliary machine, the PCS control unit 332 controls the PCS, controls the discharge amount from the LIC, and issues a closing command from the switch control unit 334 at the timing set to the rated current value. The switch SW5 is closed, and the switch SW10 is switched to discharging from the storage battery by opening with an open command.

  According to the above description, when the DC power source is used when the AC power source is lost, the switch SW10 is closed by the power regulator PCS control unit 332 and the switch control unit 334 in order to compensate the starting current of the DC auxiliary machine. The charging current from the LIC is converted from direct current to direct current by the power regulator PCS, the switches SW3 and SW4 are closed and supplied to each load via the distribution board Bd. At this time, the switch SW5 on the storage battery StBt side is set to open control, and the opening / closing switching control with the switch SW10 is performed in a state where the auxiliary machine current is settled, thereby suppressing the discharge of the charging current with respect to the starting current from the storage battery StBt. StBt capacity can be reduced.

  As described above, in this embodiment, by appropriately controlling the LIC with the power regulator PCS, it is possible to charge and discharge at high output, which is one of the features, and to apply a storage system using an atmospheric electric field. As a result, it is possible to store electricity using natural energy. Therefore, it is possible to make a DC power supply facility, which is only a conventional storage battery, a more stable and reliable system.

  In the first embodiment, the description has been given on the assumption that the storage battery StBt is provided in the DC power supply 200, but the storage battery StBt is not necessarily required as an application example of the present invention. Therefore, in the second embodiment, as an application development of the present invention, an example in which the storage battery StBt is not provided in the DC power source 200 and discharging is performed from the LIC will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, and is a diagram illustrating an example of a power supply system 100 suitable for application to an in-house power supply facility in a general plant (factory or the like) or power plant. As apparent from the comparison with FIG. 2, the only difference is that the storage battery StBt is not provided in the DC power supply 200. The case where a storage battery is not installed in the in-house power supply facility 200 in the power plant and a new DC power supply 200 is configured only by the LIC is shown.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 6 of the first embodiment, and is a diagram illustrating in detail a specific configuration example of the power supply system for the DC power supply facility in the power plant. As apparent from the comparison with FIG. 6, the storage battery StBt and various switches (SW5, SW12, SW13) for charging and discharging the storage battery StBt are deleted.

  The configuration of the system of the second embodiment is such that the DC power source 200 of the first embodiment is a DC power source using only a LIC (lithium ion capacitor). It is possible to operate in the same way of thinking, and it is possible to apply by selecting the capacity according to the load pattern as the DC power supply equipment as in the case of installing the storage battery.

  Next, FIG. 15 shows a result of comparing and evaluating a conventional DC power supply facility configured only with a storage battery and a DC power supply facility in Example 2 in which only the LIC is installed. In this evaluation, examination is performed from the viewpoint of power storage variation, life, and arrangement space.

  First of all, in terms of comparisons in terms of power storage variations, in LIC, by utilizing its characteristics, in addition to power storage by AC / DC conversion from an AC power source, it occurs when power is stored by a natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field) or when a rotating body stops in a power plant It is considered possible to store electricity by using regenerative energy, etc., and it is considered that the merit is higher than that of a storage battery.

  In terms of life evaluation, considering the number of charge and discharge in a general LIC (1 million times or more), the purpose of use can be expanded to various uses as compared with storage batteries. However, compared to a storage battery, a module arrangement or a cubicle arrangement is possible due to its high safety, and it can be expected that space saving can be achieved for the current storage battery room.

  In addition, regarding the example of the power supply system 100 suitable for being applied to the household power supply facility shown in FIG. 3, this configuration can also be referred to as a position deformation configuration of the second embodiment. Although there is a difference between an AC load and a DC load, at least either configuration is common in that the storage battery StBt is not provided in the DC power supply 200. For this reason, the system configuration and usage in the second embodiment can be applied to FIG. 3 as they are.

  In the third embodiment, a case where a new AC power supply 300 is installed as a separate power supply system for the in-house power supply facility 100 in the power plant of the second embodiment is shown.

  In the configuration of the third embodiment in FIG. 16, an AC power supply 300 is included in the in-house power supply facility 100 in the power plant of the second embodiment described above. The new AC power supply 300 includes the LIC1 and the power regulator PCS1, converts the power of the LIC1 from DC to AC power in the PCS1, and supplies the load to the load via the switch SW20 and the AC power supply bus BUSAC. The power source 300 can be used as a power source in the power plant. Further, the power storage method for the LIC 1 is the natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field) described in the first and second embodiments, so that the power can be stored without receiving supply from a conventional AC power source.

  Further, according to the power supply configuration of the third embodiment, since the DC power supply 200 and the AC power supply 300 are provided, the power plant can be operated as shown in FIG. 17 below. According to FIG. 17, the monitoring / control 570 of LIC and LIC1 is performed in the central operation room in the power plant, so that the power storage status can be grasped and the power supply 571 to the power plant in a timely manner. This depends on the capacity of the installed LIC and LIC1, but as a power plant, it can also be used for indoor lighting power sources that can be used regularly, and for auxiliary power sources for regular operations in power generation facilities. Since the amount can be grasped, supply from a new AC power supply 300 is possible. This reduces the apparent loss because the in-house load power required for the power plant is supplied by a natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field) or the like.

  Next, as a further application development of LIC, Example 4 is shown in FIG. In the third embodiment, it is assumed that the DC power supply 200 and the AC power supply 300 are provided as fixed types, but in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Although the DC power supply 200 and the AC power supply 300 are fixed power supply facilities installed in the LIC as described in the third embodiment, they are deployed as movable power supplies (DC power supply 200C and AC power supply 300C) by arranging them as cubicles. . By installing something like a pulley on the LICs arranged as cubicle types, movable LIC installation type power supply facilities 200C and 300C are obtained.

  On the other hand, the power storage method for the LIC is the power storage by the natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field) described in the first and second embodiments, and the non-grounded electrode plate 314, the grounded electrode plate 315, and the current detector 316 are installed outside the power plant. . These are installed as necessary switches SW21 to SW24 through the ungrounded electrode plate 314 at necessary locations in the power plant building, and are connected to the movable LIC installation type power supply facilities 200C and 300C by connectors, etc. I do.

  According to the fourth embodiment, it is possible to further disperse as a power supply facility, which is arranged as an individual power source in an auxiliary machine unit or a facility unit in a power plant, so that a power supply system configuration via a conventional transformer or the like This contributes to a reduction in the load. In addition, since the power storage method for LIC is based on natural phenomena (atmospheric electric field), it can be used as an independent power supply facility even in the event of power loss due to system accidents, disasters, etc. It can be expected to be used as an emergency power source.

  As mentioned above, although the case where LIC was additionally installed with respect to the DC power supply equipment in a power plant was demonstrated as Examples 1-4, the effect at the time of applying this in a thermal power plant is demonstrated using FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 19, a thermal power plant 700 is generally composed of a boiler B / turbine T / generator G, and coal / petroleum / natural as fuel F for generating steam or the like as a driving source thereof. The power obtained by the power generation using gas or the like is sent to the transmission line L via the main transformer MTr, while being used as the power source for the power plant as the power source for the power plant via the transformer STr. Yes. The on-site power source includes an AC power source for AC loads and a power source 100 for DC loads in an emergency.

  By installing the LIC described in the first to fourth embodiments as an assist power source (DC power source 200) with respect to the in-house power source, it is possible to reduce the in-house rate 716 that accounts for about several percent of the entire power plant. Yes, this means that in the thermal power plant, the fuel input amount 717 is suppressed and the power transmission amount is maintained, that is, the power transmission end efficiency 718 is improved.

  Further, by converting the storage battery StBt used as the conventional DC power supply equipment to the LIC, as the effect 722, the power storage variation is widened, and it is possible to arrange the battery with long life and space saving. As a further effect 732, by newly installing the LIC 1 as an AC power source in a fixed type or a movable type, it becomes possible to use it for a distributed power source configuration, an emergency standby power source, or the like.

  Next, FIG. 20 shows a charging mechanism technique for an electric vehicle or the like as an applied technique in a general field where the present invention is developed.

  FIG. 20 shows an electric power supply method according to the development of the present invention. Conventionally, electric power generated at the power plant 800 is transmitted to the charging facility 801, and electric power is charged to the charging target objects 802 and 803. In this case, the charging facility 801 is an AC power supply bus BUSAC, a converter CON, or the like shown in FIG. The charging target object 802 is a conventional factory, power plant, battery in a home power supply system, or the like.

  On the other hand, according to the development of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the charging target object 803 is a moving body such as an automobile. In addition, the power is not stored in the power plant, but is stored in a natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field).

  In other words, when charging the charging target objects 802 and 803 such as a battery and a car, the power transmitted from each power plant 800 is stored in each charging facility 801 and supplied to the charging target object 802. It is common. Here, as an applied technique of a power storage method using a natural phenomenon (atmospheric electric field), a power supply facility 400 using LIC is configured to form a new charging mechanism.

  FIG. 21 shows an equipment configuration such as a power supply equipment 400 when charging a moving body such as an automobile. A power supply facility 400, which is an application example for realizing the fifth embodiment, includes a charging target object 803 and a LIC power source. In this case, the charging target object 803 substantially retains the configuration of the DC power source 200 illustrated in FIG. In this case, a storage battery may or may not be included. In short, the DC power supply 200 is mounted on the vehicle (object to be charged 803), and charging is performed with the LIC power supply of the charging station.

  The DC power supply 200 in the vehicle (object to be charged 803) is provided with a LIC and a power regulator PCS, and a capacitor voltage controller 331, a power regulator, and a controller 330 necessary for controlling the LIC. A PCS control unit 332, a capacitor voltage measurement unit 333, and a switch control unit 334 are installed. A resistance voltage dividing circuit 312 that adjusts the voltage applied to the LIC is also installed. The outside of these charging target objects 803 is covered with an electrode plate 873 and is a movable object. On the other hand, on the charging facility 877 side, electricity is stored in advance by a power storage system such as a battery or LIC via electric power transmitted from a conventional power plant or natural energy such as a solar panel or wind power. There are no special provisions if the equipment is equipped.

  Next, as a method of charging the DC power supply 200 in the vehicle (charge target object 803), the charge stored in advance is transferred from the charging facility 877 to the non-grounded electrode plate 874 installed outdoors. A current is caused to flow between the grounding side electrode plates 875 installed in. It is possible to control the voltage V0 (V) between the plates on the charging equipment 877 side by checking the value of the current flowing between the plates with the current detector 876 and adjusting the distance between the plates. Become.

  Since this state constitutes an electric field controlled to some extent, the charging target object 803 covered with the electrode plate 873 moves between the non-grounded electrode plate 874 and the earthed electrode plate 875. As a result, a voltage V1 (V) is newly generated between the electrode plate 873 and the ground electrode plate 875, and the electric charge moves to the LIC side due to the potential difference, and can be stored as electrostatic energy. At this time, the charging target object 803 side needs to be grounded by the closed control of the switch SW14 between the non-grounding side electrode plate 873 and the grounding side electrode plate 875. Since there is no need for connection, this is one of the non-contact charging methods.

  As an actual operation example of the fifth embodiment, FIG. 22 shows an image 900 of applied technology (non-contact charging). This image shows the configuration concept of the charging station 900 using the LIC.

  FIG. 22 illustrates a non-contact charging station 900 when the charging target object 803 is a moving body such as an automobile. As for the configuration, a part of the pillar 901 and the roof 902, which is a basic configuration of the charging station, is assumed to have high electrical conductivity, and the above-described charging equipment 877 and current detector 876 in FIG. 21 are installed therein. Here, similarly to the description in FIG. 21, since it is necessary to form an electric field controlled to some extent, the charge is moved from the charging facility 877 through the column 901 and the roof 902.

  A non-grounded electrode plate 874 is suspended by a movable wire 909 or the like through the roof 902, and a grounded electrode plate 875 is installed to allow a current to flow between the electrode plates. By adjusting the distance, the interelectrode voltage V0a (V), V0b (V) is controlled by the charging facility 877. That is, as the charging station, by making the non-grounded electrode plate 874 movable, it is possible to adjust the distance from the grounded electrode plate 875 through the current detector 876 and change the voltage between the electrode plates. Become.

  Here, a charging target object 803 such as an automobile enters between the non-grounded electrode plate 874 and the grounded electrode plate 875, thereby forming a new electric field E (V / m). This is considered to be feasible if LIC or other equipment is installed in the charging target object 803 such as an automobile and the electrode plate 873 is regarded as an automatic roof. An object to be charged 803 such as an automobile is grounded 908 and 912 in a state where it is placed between the electrode plates, and an open / close switch or the like between the roof of the vehicle or the like regarded as the electrode plate 873 and the LIC mounted inside the object to be charged 803 Are connected to generate a voltage V1a (V), V1b (V) between the charging target object 803 such as an automobile and the non-grounded electrode plate 874, and the electric potential moves to the LIC side due to the potential difference. It can be stored as electrostatic energy.

  In Example 5, the distance between the non-grounded electrode plate 874 and the grounded electrode plate 875 is adjusted on the charging station side so that it is possible to cope with the case where the charging target object 803 such as an automobile is different in shape and charging state. By doing so, it is configured to be more realistic.

  As described above, Examples 1 to 5 described in the present invention can be used for various purposes by taking advantage of the ability to repeatedly charge and discharge at high output, which is a feature of LIC. In the future, the development will proceed with the miniaturization and the storage capacity itself being large, and it will be possible to propose as one of the next generation of natural energy by establishing the storage method using the atmospheric electric field.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to Examples 1-5, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described first embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to one having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

  Each of the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, and the like may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them with, for example, an integrated circuit. Each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function by the processor. Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function can be stored in a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, or an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, or a DVD.

  Further, the control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all control lines and information lines are necessarily shown on the product. Actually, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.

BUSAC: AC power supply bus CON: Converter BUSDC: DC bus Bd: Distribution board Bt: DC battery StBt: Storage battery LIC: Lithium ion capacitor SW: Switch PCS: Power regulator 100: Power supply system 200: DC power supply 312: Resistance component Pressure circuit 314: Outdoor electrode plate 315: Electrode plate 316: Current detector 330: Control unit 332: Power regulator PCS control unit 334: Switch control unit

Claims (11)

A power supply system that includes a first power supply and a DC power supply and supplies power to a load facility,
The DC power supply includes a lithium ion capacitor, and supplies power to the load facility by discharging from the lithium ion capacitor. The power supply system according to claim 1,
The first power source is an AC power source, and the DC power source supplies power to the load facility by discharging from a lithium ion capacitor when the first power source is lost. The power supply system according to claim 1 or 2,
The charging facility for charging the lithium ion capacitor is:
A band electrode plate that charges a charge in accordance with a potential difference between an installation position and a grounding point, and the lithium that is electrically connected to the band electrode plate and moves the charged charge to the band electrode plate to accumulate the charge. An ion capacitor, a switch provided between the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor, the switch provided so as to be able to cut off an electrical connection between the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor; An electrode plate voltage calculation unit for obtaining the voltage of the electrode plate or the amount of electric charge charged to the band electrode plate, and the voltage of the band electrode plate obtained by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit, or the band electrode plate And a controller that controls opening and closing of the switch in accordance with the amount of charge of the battery and moves the charge charged on the band electrode plate to the lithium ion capacitor. The power supply system according to claim 3,
The DC power source includes a storage battery, the storage battery is charged from the first power source, the lithium ion capacitor is charged by the charging facility, and when the first power source is lost, the storage battery and the lithium ion capacitor A power supply system that feeds power to the load facility by discharging. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
The first power source is an AC power source, and includes a second lithium ion capacitor in a part of the AC power source, and a charging facility for charging the second lithium ion capacitor includes:
A band electrode plate that charges a charge in accordance with a potential difference between an installation position and a ground point; and the band electrode plate that is electrically connected to the band electrode plate and moves the charged charge to the band electrode plate to accumulate the charge. 2 is a switch provided between the lithium ion capacitor and the band electrode plate and the second lithium ion capacitor, wherein electrical connection between the band electrode plate and the second lithium ion capacitor is performed. A switch provided so as to be able to be cut off, a voltage of the band electrode plate, or an electrode plate voltage calculation unit for obtaining an amount of electric charge charged to the band electrode plate, and the band electrode plate obtained by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit A control unit that controls opening and closing of the switch according to the voltage of the first electrode or the charge amount of the band electrode plate, and moves the charge charged on the band electrode plate to the second lithium ion capacitor; Lichiu Power conversion means connected to said AC power supply to convert the power of the ion capacitor from DC to AC power supply system and having a. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The DC power supply is configured to be movable. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The power supply system is used as an emergency power supply in an in-house power supply facility in a general plant (such as a factory) or a power plant. A power supply system that is mounted on a mobile body and supplies a load with a DC power supply,
The DC power supply includes a lithium ion capacitor, and supplies power to the load by discharging from the lithium ion capacitor. A power supply system mounted on a moving body according to claim 8,
The DC power source is electrically connected to an external band electrode plate, moves the charge charged on the band electrode plate, and stores the charge, and the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor. A switch provided between the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor so that electrical connection between the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor can be cut off, and the voltage of the band electrode plate or charging the band electrode plate An electrode plate voltage calculation unit for determining the amount of charge to be performed, and the voltage of the band electrode plate determined by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit, or the opening and closing control of the switch according to the charge amount of the band electrode plate, And a control unit that moves the electric charge charged on the band electrode plate to the lithium ion capacitor. A power supply system that is mounted on a moving body and supplies a load with a DC power supply, and a charging station that is composed of outdoor equipment,
As outdoor equipment, it comprises a band electrode plate that charges a charge according to the potential difference between the installation position and the grounding point, and a height adjusting means for determining a height position between the band electrode plate installation position and the moving body,
The DC power source is electrically connected to the band electrode plate, moves the charge charged on the band electrode plate and stores the charge, the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor, A switch provided between the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor so that electrical connection between the band electrode plate and the lithium ion capacitor can be cut off, and the voltage of the band electrode plate or the band electrode plate is charged. An electrode plate voltage calculation unit for obtaining the amount of charge to be generated, and the voltage of the band electrode plate obtained by the electrode plate voltage calculation unit, or the opening and closing control of the switch according to the charge amount of the band electrode plate, And a controller that moves the electric charge charged on the band electrode plate to the lithium ion capacitor. The charging station according to claim 10, wherein
A roof is formed by the charging electrode, and an electric field is forced between the non-grounded electrode plate that is the charging electrode of the roof and the grounded electrode plate due to the movement of electric charges to the movable body body guided under the roof. A charging station characterized in that the electric field is adjusted by adjusting the height position from the roof to the movable body body, while storing electricity by moving electric charges due to a potential difference generated between the electrode plates.

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