JP2018124471A - Display device and method for driving display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display device that stops anyone from copying an image that is prohibited to copy, or provide a display device with high operability, or provide a display device with reduced power consumption, or provide a novel display device, or provide a novel electronic apparatus.SOLUTION: A display device has a plurality of arranged pixels 880, wherein each of the arranged pixels has a first sub-pixel 881I, and a second sub-pixel 881R, 881G, 881B, 881W, wherein the first sub-pixel is configured to emit infrared light, and wherein the second sub-pixel is configured to emit light with a shorter wavelength than in a first display area.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  One embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device, a display device, a display portion, and an operation method thereof. One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and an operation method thereof. One embodiment of the present invention relates to an electronic device and a method for operating the electronic device.

  Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention include electronic devices, display devices, display modules, semiconductor devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, storage batteries, storage devices, lighting devices, input devices (eg, touch sensors), input / output devices Examples thereof include an input / output panel (for example, a touch panel), a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof.

  Note that in this specification and the like, a semiconductor device refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. A transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic device, a memory device, or the like is one embodiment of a semiconductor device. In addition, an imaging device, an electro-optical device, a power generation device (including a thin film solar cell, an organic thin film solar cell, and the like) and an electronic device may include a semiconductor device.

  An economic effect caused by illegally photographing and distributing an image displayed on an electronic device or the like having a display device with a photographing device such as a camera is regarded as a problem. As an example of preventing an image from being illegally captured and protecting the image content of the image, as shown in Patent Document 1, infrared light is superimposed on the image.

JP 2011-180172 A

  An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that interferes with capturing of copy-prohibited images. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high operability. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with low power consumption. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel electronic device.

  Note that the description of these problems does not disturb the existence of other problems. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have to solve all of these problems. Issues other than these can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

  One embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels arranged, and each of the arranged pixels includes a first subpixel and a second subpixel, and the first subpixel Has a function of emitting infrared light, and the second subpixel is a display device having a function of emitting light having a wavelength shorter than that of the first display region. In the above structure, the second subpixel preferably has a function of emitting at least one of light corresponding to red, light corresponding to green, and light corresponding to blue. In the above structure, the second subpixel includes a color filter, and the color filter transmits at least one of light corresponding to red, light corresponding to green, and light corresponding to blue. It is preferable to have the function of In the above structure, the color filter is preferably provided in the second subpixel and is not provided in the first subpixel. In the above structure, the second subpixel preferably includes an organic EL element, and the organic EL element preferably has a tandem structure. In the above structure, the first subpixel preferably includes an organic EL element, and the organic EL element preferably has a function of emitting infrared light. In the above structure, the sensor preferably includes a sensor, and the sensor preferably has one or more of a function of detecting illuminance, a function of detecting the orientation of the display unit, and a function of detecting sound.

  Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention includes a display portion, and the display portion includes n subpixels having a function of emitting infrared light, and among the n subpixels, k subpixels are provided. Has a first step in which (n−k) subpixels are in an off state and a second step in which n subpixels are in an off state, and has k subpixels. The pixel is a method for driving a display device in which a first region is formed in the display portion, and the first region is rectangular. In the above configuration, k is preferably more than 10% and less than 50% of n. In the above structure, the n sub-pixels having a function of emitting visible light emit light of at least one of light corresponding to red, light corresponding to green, and light corresponding to blue. It is preferable to have.

  Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention includes n subpixels having a function of emitting infrared light, and among the n subpixels, b subpixels have a gradation value higher than half of all gradations. A first step in which (n−b) subpixels have gradation values equal to or less than half of all gradations, and c subpixels out of half of all gradations among n subpixels. The (n−c) subpixels are set to a gradation value equal to or less than half of all the gradations, and the number of c subpixels that do not match the b subpixels is c. A display having a second step of more than 30% and a third step in which all of the n sub-pixels having a function of emitting infrared light have a gradation value lower than half of all gradations. It is a drive method of an apparatus.

  Alternatively, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the display device includes a display portion, the display portion includes n sub-pixels having a function of emitting infrared light, and a copy-prohibited content is displayed on the display portion. A second step of activating the sensor, the sensor detects an input, and among the n subpixels, a subpixels are set to a gradation value higher than half of all gradations, and (n−b) A third step of setting the number of subpixels to a gradation value lower than half of all gradations, and of the n subpixels, c subpixels are set to a gradation value higher than half of all gradations, nc) the sub-pixels have a gradation value equal to or less than half of all gradations, and among the c sub-pixels, the number that does not match the b sub-pixels is greater than 30% of the fourth number. The input detected by the sensor in the step and the third step is completed, and the gradation value is less than half of all gradations in all n sub-pixels. A fifth step of a method of driving a display device having a. In the above structure, the sensor preferably has one or more of a function of detecting illuminance, a function of detecting the orientation of the display unit, and a function of detecting sound.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device that interferes with capturing of copy-prohibited images can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device with high operability can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device with reduced power consumption can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel display device can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel electronic device can be provided.

  Note that the description of these effects does not disturb the existence of other effects. One embodiment of the present invention need not necessarily have all of these effects. Effects other than these can be extracted from the description, drawings, and claims.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device. The top view of a pixel. The figure which shows the example of a display. The figure which shows the example of a display. The figure which shows the example of a display. The figure which shows the example of a display. FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device. FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device. FIG. 11 shows operation of a display device. FIG. 11 shows operation of a display device. The circuit diagram which shows an example of a pixel. The circuit diagram which shows an example of a pixel. The circuit diagram which shows an example of a pixel. The figure which shows an example of the cross section of a display apparatus. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross section of a display device and a diagram illustrating a wavelength range of light emission. The figure which shows an example of the cross section of a display apparatus. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an electronic device. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of operation of an electronic device. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an electronic device. FIG. 6 illustrates a structure example of a display device. The figure which shows an example of the cross section of a display apparatus. The figure which shows an example of the cross section of a display apparatus. The figure which shows an example of the cross section of a display apparatus. The figure explaining a television apparatus and the figure explaining a neural network.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details can be variously changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.

  In this specification and the like, a semiconductor device refers to a device using semiconductor characteristics, and includes a circuit including a semiconductor element (a transistor, a diode, or the like), a device including the circuit, or the like. In addition, it refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. For example, an integrated circuit and a chip including the integrated circuit are examples of a semiconductor device. In addition, a memory device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, a display device, an electronic device, or the like may be a semiconductor device or may have a semiconductor device.

  In addition, in this specification and the like, when it is explicitly described that X and Y are connected, X and Y are electrically connected, and X and Y function. And the case where X and Y are directly connected are disclosed in this specification and the like. Therefore, it is not limited to a predetermined connection relationship, for example, the connection relationship shown in the figure or text, and anything other than the connection relation shown in the figure or text is also described in the figure or text. X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).

  The transistor has three terminals called gate, source, and drain. The gate is a node that functions as a control node for controlling the conduction state of the transistor. One of the two input / output nodes functioning as a source or a drain serves as a source and the other serves as a drain depending on the type of the transistor and the potential applied to each terminal. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms source and drain can be used interchangeably. In this specification and the like, two terminals other than the gate may be referred to as a first terminal and a second terminal.

  A node can be restated as a terminal, a wiring, an electrode, a conductive layer, a conductor, an impurity region, or the like depending on a circuit configuration, a device structure, or the like. Further, a terminal, a wiring, or the like can be referred to as a node.

  In many cases, the voltage indicates a potential difference between a certain potential and a reference potential (for example, a ground potential (GND) or a source potential). Thus, a voltage can be rephrased as a potential. Note that the potential is relative. Therefore, even if it is described as a ground potential, it may not necessarily mean 0V.

  In this specification and the like, the terms “film” and “layer” can be interchanged with each other depending on the case or circumstances. For example, it may be possible to change the term “conductive layer” to the term “conductive film”. For example, the term “insulating film” may be changed to the term “insulating layer” in some cases.

  In this specification and the like, the ordinal numbers “first”, “second”, and “third” may be added to avoid confusion between components, in which case the numerical order is not limited and the order is not limited. It is not intended to limit.

  In the drawings, the size, layer thickness, or region may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to the scale. The drawings schematically show an ideal example, and are not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings. For example, variation in signal, voltage, or current due to noise, variation in signal, voltage, or current due to timing shift can be included.

  In this specification, terms and phrases such as “above” and “below” may be used for convenience in describing the positional relationship between components with reference to the drawings. Moreover, the positional relationship between components changes suitably according to the direction which draws each structure. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification, and can be appropriately rephrased depending on the situation.

  The layout of each circuit block in the block diagram shown in the drawing specifies the positional relationship for the sake of explanation. Even if it is shown that different functions are realized by different circuit blocks, the same circuit is used in the actual circuit block. In some cases, different functions are provided in the block. Also, the function of each circuit block is to specify the function for explanation, and even if it is shown as one circuit block, the processing performed in one circuit block is performed in a plurality of circuit blocks in the actual circuit block. In some cases, it is provided.

  In this specification and the like, a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad expression. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS), and the like. For example, in the case where a metal oxide is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor, the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. In other words, when a metal oxide has at least one of an amplifying function, a rectifying function, and a switching function, the metal oxide can be referred to as a metal oxide semiconductor, or OS for short. In the case of describing as an OS transistor, it can be said to be a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.

  In this specification and the like, metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides. Further, a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably has a function of emitting infrared light.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a region that emits infrared light. The display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a first region that emits infrared light, a second region that emits red, a third region that emits green, and a fourth region that emits blue. It is preferable to have.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a plurality of pixels, and each of the plurality of pixels includes a first sub-pixel that emits infrared light, a second sub-pixel that emits red light, It is preferable to have a third sub-pixel emitting green and a fourth sub-pixel emitting blue.

  Each subpixel preferably has a display element.

  For example, a spontaneous light emitting element can be used as the display element. The display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a region that emits infrared light, the region that emits infrared light includes a spontaneous light-emitting element, and the spontaneous light-emitting element emits infrared light. Is preferred. The spontaneous light emitting element is preferably an organic EL element.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a region that emits infrared light, and the infrared light preferably has a peak wavelength of greater than 700 nm and less than 1200 nm, and greater than 700 nm and less than 1100 nm. Preferably, it is larger than 720 nm and smaller than 950 nm.

  There is a case where the image content is illegally distributed due to illegal imaging of the copy-prohibited image content, resulting in an economic loss. With the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, unauthorized imaging of image content can be suppressed.

  In the display device of one embodiment of the present invention, for example, when an image displayed on the display device is illegally captured by the imaging device, an image with low image quality is captured.

  Examples of the imaging device include a scanner. For example, the scanner irradiates light on a display unit of paper or a display device, and reads image information on the front part of the paper or display device.

  The image content displayed on the display device is mainly composed of visible light. Infrared light is difficult to be visually recognized by human eyes, so that the image quality of the visually recognized image content is not significantly reduced. On the other hand, the sensitivity of infrared light may be significantly higher in the light receiving unit of the imaging device than the eyes of a person viewing the display device. In such a case, infrared light is imaged by the imaging device. When the image content displayed on the display device is a copyrighted work, copying the image content and the infrared light to the imaging device by emitting infrared light over at least a part of the image content. The image is overlaid on the other image. Therefore, the quality of the image imaged by the imaging device can be reduced.

  In the display unit of the display device, a plurality of pixels are arranged. Each pixel preferably has a region that emits infrared light. Further, when the display device emits infrared light, only some of the pixels may emit infrared light. For example, infrared light may be emitted only in a region of the display unit that displays an image for which copying is prohibited. In addition, by using infrared light emitted from the display device as character information display or pattern display, the number of pixels driven to emit infrared light may be reduced, which leads to reduction in power consumption.

  Further, the pattern display of the infrared light may be changed for each frame of the image to be displayed. Details will be described later. For example, the first pattern is displayed in the first frame, and the second pattern is displayed in the second frame. When the image pickup by the image pickup device straddles the first pattern and the second pattern, an infrared image superimposed on the first pattern and the second pattern is picked up.

  In addition, in the infrared light display, image signals may be held without rewriting in a plurality of frames. Since the frequency of rewriting can be reduced, the power consumption of the driver circuit and the pixel can be reduced.

  The display device preferably includes a first drive circuit that displays image content and a second drive circuit that emits infrared light.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention may emit infrared light when the displayed image content is a copy-prohibited work.

  Here, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a sensor. For example, the sensor preferably detects a signal at the time of imaging by the imaging device. Even when the displayed image content is a copy-prohibited copyrighted work, for example, a configuration in which infrared light is not emitted when the sensor does not detect a signal and infrared light is emitted only when the sensor detects a signal By doing so, the time for emitting infrared light can be further shortened. Therefore, power consumption can be further reduced.

  When imaging a display device using an imaging device, for example, the imaging device may emit light. The light emitted from the imaging device refers to, for example, light from a light source included in the image scanner. Or the light which an imaging device emits points out the flashlight of a camera, for example.

  Therefore, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes an illuminance sensor. The illuminance sensor has a function of detecting the illuminance of light. When the light emitted from the imaging device is detected, for example, the display device may be regarded as having been imaged by the imaging device, and the display device may emit infrared light when the image content is a copy-prohibited work.

  When the display device is imaged by an image scanner, for example, the display device may be scanned with the display surface facing downward.

  Therefore, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and the like. By having these sensors, for example, the orientation of the display surface can be detected. When the display surface is facing down, for example, the display device is regarded as being imaged by the imaging device, and the display device may emit infrared light when the displayed image content is a copy-prohibited work.

[Display device]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a display device of one embodiment of the present invention. The display device 100 includes a display unit 101, a drive circuit 102, a drive circuit 103, a control circuit 104, and a sensor 105. For example, the drive circuit 102 preferably functions as a gate driver. The drive circuit 103 preferably functions as a source driver, for example. The control circuit 104 preferably has a display controller. The sensor 105 preferably includes an illuminance sensor, a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and the like. Hereinafter, as an example, a case where the sensor 105 includes an illuminance sensor and an acceleration sensor will be described. The display portion 101 includes a plurality of pixels 880.

<Pixel>
The display unit 101 includes a plurality of pixels 880 arranged. The pixel preferably has a sub-pixel. The subpixels included in the pixel correspond to, for example, infrared, red, green, and blue. Alternatively, the subpixels included in the pixel correspond to, for example, infrared, red, green, blue, and yellow. Alternatively, the sub-pixels included in the pixel correspond to, for example, infrared, red, green, blue, and white.

  FIG. 2A illustrates an example of a top view of the pixel 880. A pixel 880 illustrated in FIG. 2A includes a sub-pixel 881R, a sub-pixel 881G, a sub-pixel 881B, a sub-pixel 881W, and a sub-pixel 881I. The subpixel 881R corresponds to red, the subpixel 881G corresponds to green, the subpixel 881B corresponds to blue, the subpixel 881W corresponds to white, and the subpixel 881I corresponds to infrared. The sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, the sub-pixel 881B, the sub-pixel 881W, and the sub-pixel 881I may be light-emitting elements or elements that have a function of displaying gradation using light transmission. .

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a light-emitting element and an element having a function of performing grayscale display using light reflection. In this case, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, the pixel 880 includes an electrode 882, and the electrode 882 functions as a reflective electrode, and the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, the sub-pixel 881B, the sub-pixel 881W, The subpixel 881I is a light emitting element.

  As the sub-pixel arrangement, an arrangement such as a stripe arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, or the like can be used.

  The subpixel 881I includes, for example, a light emitting element corresponding to the infrared region.

  Alternatively, the sub-pixel 881 has a function of transmitting light from a light source that emits infrared light, for example. For example, a liquid crystal element using a light source that emits infrared light as a backlight may be used.

  The subpixel 881I may have a filter corresponding to the infrared region, for example.

  All of the pixels included in the display portion 101 include the sub-pixel 881I. Alternatively, both a pixel having the sub-pixel 881I and a pixel not having the sub-pixel 881I may exist. In that case, for example, the number of pixels larger than 20% and smaller than 100% or larger than 30% and smaller than 70% has the sub-pixel 881I with respect to the total number of pixels included in the display 101.

  The pixels having the sub-pixel 881I and the pixels not having the sub-pixel 881I may be alternately arranged in a stripe shape, or may be arranged in a lattice shape.

  The display unit 101 has a function of displaying an image 111 that is content mainly composed of visible light, and an image 112 mainly composed of infrared light. The image 112 may not be visually recognized by the operator of the display device 100. FIG. 3A shows an example of the image 111, and FIG. 3B shows an example of the image 112.

<Image 111>
The image 111 has content that is viewed by the viewer. For example, a photograph, a picture, a character, a pattern, or the like is displayed on the image 111.

<Image 112 and Image 113>
When the image 112 is illegally captured, the image 112 can be displayed superimposed on the image 111 to reduce the image quality of the captured image. FIG. 3B shows an example in which the entire surface is displayed in white as the image 112, for example.

  The image 113 is an image displayed by superimposing the image 111 and the image 112. FIG. 3C illustrates an image 113 obtained by superimposing the image 111 illustrated in FIG. 3A and the image 112 illustrated in FIG.

  Note that, among the images 113, the image 112 composed of infrared light may not be visually recognized by a person who visually recognizes the display device 100. On the other hand, since the image 112 is also captured in the image captured by the imaging device, the image quality can be reduced as compared with the image 111.

  For example, characters, patterns, and the like may be displayed as the image 112. FIG. 3D shows an example in which character information is displayed as an image 112 and superimposed on the image 111.

  Further, a pattern in which lines are combined may be displayed as the image 112 as shown in FIG. An image obtained by superimposing the image 112 in FIG. 4A and the image 111 in FIG. 3A is an image 113 shown in FIG.

  By displaying characters, patterns, and the like as the image 112, the black display portion can be increased. In the black display portion, for example, the current flowing through the sub-pixel 881I can be further reduced. The number of sub-pixels 881I in the black display portion is, for example, 50% or more and 90% or less with respect to the total number of sub-pixels 881I.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, the image 112 may display only the area 114 that is an area overlapping the area where copying is prohibited in the image 111. An image obtained by superimposing the image 112 in FIG. 4C and the image 111 in FIG. 3A is an image 113 shown in FIG.

  The number of subpixels 881I included in the display unit 101 is n. Of the n sub-pixels 881I, only the sub-pixel 881I included in the region 114 may be turned on.

  In the display unit 101, it is assumed that k subpixels are in an on state and (n−k) subpixels are in an on state. k is preferably more than 10% and less than 50% of n. By increasing the number of sub-pixels in the off state, the power consumption of the display device 100 can be reduced.

  For example, the region 114 is a rectangular region in the display unit 101.

  Further, the image 112 may change the image to be displayed for each frame, that is, display a moving image. Here, for example, when the rewriting frequency of a moving image is A [Hz], the frame indicates a time divided by a period of 1 / A [s].

  An example of the image 112 in the first period is shown in FIG. 5A, and an example of the image 112 in the second period is shown in FIG. 5B. An example of the image 111 in the first period is shown in FIG. 5C, and an example of the image 111 in the second period is shown in FIG.

  FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an image that is captured when imaging by the imaging apparatus is performed over part of the first period and part of the second period. In the captured image, an overlay of the images 112 displayed in the two sections is displayed. In the image 112, since the black display subpixel per section can be increased, the power consumption of the display device 100 can be reduced.

  An example of displaying a binary image as the image 112 will be described. For example, in the image 112 in the first period, there are b subpixels 881I that display white. In the image 112 in the second period, there are c subpixels 881I that display white. Of the c sub-pixels 881I, the number that does not match the b sub-pixels 881I that display white in the first period is greater than 30% of c, for example.

  An example in which the image 112 is not a binary image but an image having three or more gradations will be described. For example, in the image 112 in the first period, the number of subpixels 881I having a gradation value higher than half of all gradations is b. In the image 112 in the second period, the number of subpixels 881I having a gradation value higher than half of all gradations is c. Of the c sub-pixels 881I, the number that does not match the b sub-pixels 881I having a gradation value higher than half of all gradations in the first period is, for example, more than 30% of c.

<Drive circuit>
A display controller included in the control circuit 104 supplies an image signal for displaying the image 111 and the image 112 to the drive circuit 102 and the drive circuit 103. The control circuit 104 detects a copy prohibition (sometimes referred to as copy guard) signal given to the content of the image 111. Further, an input from the sensor 105 is given to the control circuit 104.

  FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a more detailed configuration of the display device 100 such as the drive circuit 103 and the display unit 101.

  In FIG. 7, a plurality of pixels 880 arranged in a matrix in the display portion 101 are shown.

  The drive circuit 103 preferably functions as a source driver. The drive circuit 103 includes a shift register SR, a data latch D-Latch, a level shifter LS, a pass transistor logic PTL, a voltage generation circuit V-gene, and an amplifier AMP. The drive circuit 103 has a function of outputting analog image data to the plurality of source lines SL. Alternatively, the driver circuit 103 may be manufactured using a driver IC.

  For example, a source clock SCLK and a source start pulse SSP are input to the shift register SR. The shift register SR generates a sampling pulse and outputs it to the data latch D-Latch.

  The data latch D-Latch receives data signals DATA [0] to DATA [k−1], which are digital image data, in addition to the sampling pulse described above. In the data latch D-Latch, the data signals DATA [0] to DATA [k−1] are latched according to the sampling pulse. The data latch D-Latch outputs the latched data signals DATA [0] to DATA [k−1] to the level shifter LS.

  The level shifter LS boosts the input data signals DATA [0] to DATA [k−1] and outputs them as signals DECPB [0] to DECPB [k−1].

  That is, the pass transistor logic PTL controls the conduction state of the transistors according to the boosted signals DECPB [0] to DECPB [k−1], and the voltages V [0] to V [j generated by the voltage generation circuit V-gene. -1] is output as an output signal PTL_OUT that is an analog signal.

  The amplifier AMP increases the current of the input output signal PTL_OUT and outputs it as the data signal Vdata.

  The data signal Vdata obtained by the amplifier AMP is an analog signal output to the plurality of source lines SL.

  The driver circuit 102 preferably functions as a gate driver. For example, the drive circuit 102 includes a shift register, a buffer, and the like. The drive circuit 102 receives a gate start pulse, a gate clock, and the like and outputs a pulse signal. A circuit included in the driver circuit 102 may be an IC similarly to the driver circuit 103, or the same transistor as the transistor included in the pixel 880 of the display portion 101 may be used.

  The drive circuit 102 outputs scanning signals to the plurality of gate lines GL. Note that a plurality of driver circuits 102 may be provided, and a plurality of gate lines GL may be divided and controlled by the plurality of driver circuits 102.

  The display unit 101 is provided so that a plurality of gate lines GL and a plurality of source lines SL are substantially orthogonal to each other. A pixel 880 is provided at an intersection between the gate line GL and the source line SL. Note that the pixel 880 in the display unit 101 is provided with pixels corresponding to RGB (red, green, and blue) colors in order in the case of color display. Note that the RGB pixel array can be used as appropriate, such as a stripe array, a mosaic array, or a delta array. Further, not only RGB but also a color display may be performed by adding a color such as white or yellow.

  The image signal for displaying the image 111 mainly includes an image composed of visible light. The image signal for displaying the image 112 mainly includes an image composed of infrared light.

  The image 112 is an image for reducing the image quality, and the number of gradations may be small. For example, the image 112 may be composed of binary data. By reducing the number of gradations of the image 112, the circuit scale of a circuit included in the display device 100 such as the driver circuit 103 may be reduced. That is, the circuit area may be reduced. Alternatively, the power consumption of the circuit may be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, the drive circuit 103 may include a drive circuit 103v that displays an image 111 and a drive circuit 103i that generates an image 112.

  The source line SLv from which a signal is output from the driver circuit 103v is electrically connected to a pixel that emits visible light, for example, red, green, blue, yellow, white, or the like among the subpixels included in the pixel 880. For example, the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, the sub-pixel 881B, the sub-pixel 881W, and the like are electrically connected. FIG. 8A illustrates an example in which the source line SLv is electrically connected to the subpixel 881R.

  A source line SLi from which a signal is output from the driver circuit 103i is electrically connected to a pixel that emits infrared light among subpixels included in the pixel 880, for example, the subpixel 881I in FIG. 8A.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, the drive circuit 102 may include a drive circuit 102v for displaying the image 111 and a drive circuit 102i for generating the image 112.

  The gate line GLv from which a signal is output from the driver circuit 102v is electrically connected to a pixel that emits visible light, for example, red, green, blue, yellow, white, or the like among the subpixels included in the pixel 880. For example, the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, the sub-pixel 881B, the sub-pixel 881W, and the like are electrically connected. FIG. 8A illustrates an example in which the gate line GLv is electrically connected to the subpixel 881R.

  The gate line GLi from which a signal is output from the driver circuit 102i is electrically connected to a pixel that emits infrared light among subpixels included in the pixel 880, for example, the subpixel 881I in FIG.

  The image 112 may have a small number of gradations and may have a low rewrite frequency (refresh frequency). Therefore, for example, the number of bits k of the data signal input to the drive circuit 103i can be reduced. By reducing the number of signal bits, the number of wirings can be reduced, and the circuit scale can be reduced.

  The number of wirings can be reduced because the sub-pixels included in the pixel 880 share the gate line and the source line. In the example shown in FIG. 8B, the same gate line GL is electrically connected to the subpixel 881R and the subpixel 881I, and the number of wirings can be reduced as compared with FIG. 8A. In the example shown in FIG. 8C, the same source line GL is electrically connected to the subpixel 881R and the subpixel 881I.

[Operation example of display device]
The operation example of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is described below.

<Operation example 1>
An operation example of the display device 100 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, in step S001, the display device 100 is activated.

  Next, in step S002, a screen for selecting content to be displayed as the image 111, for example, a screen corresponding to a home screen is displayed.

  In step S003, the content to be displayed is selected.

  In step S004, it is determined whether the content selected in step S003 includes copy-prohibited content. If YES, that is, if copy-prohibited content is included, the process proceeds to step S006. If NO, that is, if copy-prohibited content is not included, the process proceeds to step S005.

  In step S005, the image 111 having the content selected in step S003 is displayed.

  In step S006, the sensor 105 is activated and detection is started.

  In step S007, the image 111 having the content selected in step S003 is displayed.

  In step S008, when the copy-prohibited content is imaged by the imaging device, it is preferable to proceed to step S009. Here, when the sensor 105 detects the signal 106, the operation of step S008 is performed on the assumption that there is a possibility that the image is captured by the imaging apparatus.

  In step S008, it is determined whether or not the signal of the sensor 105 is detected. If YES, that is, if the sensor 105 detects the signal 106, the process proceeds to step S009. If NO, that is, if the sensor 105 does not detect the signal 106, the process returns to step S007.

  In step S009, the image 112 is displayed so as to overlap the image 111. The sensor 105 and the signal 106 detected by the sensor 105 will be described later.

  When the sensor 105 no longer detects the signal 106, the process proceeds to step S010.

  In step S010, the display of the image 112 is stopped. Thereafter, the process returns to step S007, and the display of the content selected in step S003 is continued.

  Here, the display of the image 112 is stopped, for example, the supply of a signal for displaying the image 112 to the display unit 101 is stopped. For example, in a pixel included in the display portion 101, this refers to turning off a switching element (eg, a transistor) that applies current or voltage to the display element included in the sub-pixel 881I. Alternatively, it refers to making the intensity of infrared light in the image 112 smaller than a certain value.

  When the display of the content selected in step S003 is completed in steps S005 to S010, the process returns to step S002.

<Operation example 2>
In step S009, the operation of displaying the image 111 and the image 112 on the display unit 101 will be described in more detailed steps. FIG. 10 shows an example in which step S009 has step S101, step S102, and step S103.

  In the image 112, the number of sub-pixels 881I having a gradation value higher than the y gradation is assumed to be x. Here, y is, for example, a gradation value that is half of all gradations.

  In step S101, an image 111 and an image 112 are displayed. Here, in the image 112, x = b.

  In step S102, an image 111 and an image 112 are displayed. Here, in the image 112, x = c.

  Of the c sub-pixels 881I, the number that does not match the b sub-pixels 881I having a gradation value higher than half of all gradations in step S101 is, for example, more than 30% of c.

  In step S103, an image 111 and an image 112 are displayed. Here, in the image 112, x = d.

  Of the d sub-pixels 881I, the number that does not match the c sub-pixels 881I having a gradation value higher than half of all the gradations in step S102 is, for example, more than 30% of d.

  Steps S101, S102, and S103 correspond to, for example, a first frame, a second frame, and a third frame.

<Sensor>
The sensor 105 preferably includes at least one selected from, for example, an illuminance sensor, a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, a sensor having a function of detecting sound, and a touch sensor.

  Below, examples of signals detected by the sensor 105 are shown.

  For example, when the illuminance sensor included in the sensor 105 detects illuminance of a certain value or more, it is considered that the signal 106 is detected. Further, when the illuminance smaller than a certain value is detected, or when the illuminance falls below the detection lower limit, it is considered that the signal 106 is not detected.

  When the display unit 101 included in the display device 100 faces downward by the sensor included in the sensor 105, it is considered that the signal 106 is detected. For example, facing downward refers to facing parallel to a plane within 30 ° from a plane parallel to the ground.

  Alternatively, when the sensor included in the sensor 105 does not detect, it may be considered that the signal 106 is detected. For example, the image 112 may be displayed on the assumption that the image 111 may be captured by the imaging device when the touch sensor included in the sensor 105 is not detected.

<Program>
The control circuit 104 preferably includes a computer-readable storage medium in which a program having a function of causing the display device of one embodiment of the present invention to execute the steps illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 is recorded.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 2)
In this embodiment, an example of a structure of a pixel included in the display device will be described. 11 and 12, the pixel 880 may include a sub-pixel corresponding to white and a sub-pixel corresponding to yellow.

  FIG. 11A is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the pixel 880. The pixel 880 includes a sub-pixel 881R, a sub-pixel 881G, a sub-pixel 881B, and a sub-pixel 881I. Each subpixel includes a transistor 65, a transistor 66, and a display element 72. The display element 72 is, for example, a spontaneous light emitting element. An organic EL element can be used as the spontaneous light emitting element. One electrode of the display element 72, for example, an anode is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 65, and an anode line corresponding to each subpixel is connected to the other. The gate of the transistor 65 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 66, and the source line corresponding to each subpixel is connected to the other. An image signal corresponding to the display element 72 is supplied to the source line corresponding to each subpixel.

  The transistor 65 has a function of controlling current supplied to the display element 72. The transistor 66 has a function of controlling supply of a potential to the gate of the transistor 65.

  The gate line GL1, the gate line GL2, the anode line AL1, and the anode line AL2 are wirings to which signals are supplied from the driving circuit 102. In the example illustrated in FIG. 11A, a gate line and an anode line that are electrically connected to the subpixels 881R, 881G, and 881B corresponding to visible light, that is, red, green, and blue are shared. Then, the gate line GL1 and the anode line AL1 are electrically connected. The gate line GL2 and the anode line AL2 are electrically connected to the sub-pixel 881I corresponding to the infrared light. The source line SL1, the source line SL2, the source line SL3, and the source line SL4 are electrically connected to the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, the sub-pixel 881B, and the sub-pixel 881I, respectively. The source line SL1, the source line SL2, the source line SL3, and the source line SL4 are wirings to which signals are supplied from the driver circuit 103.

  FIG. 11B is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of the pixel 880. The pixel 880 includes a sub-pixel 881R, a sub-pixel 881G, a sub-pixel 881B, and a sub-pixel 881I. Each subpixel includes a transistor 63 and a display element 71. The display element 71 is, for example, a liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element has two electrodes (a pixel electrode and a common electrode) and a liquid crystal sandwiched between them. In the case of using a transmissive liquid crystal element, the display device 100 includes a light source, for example, a backlight. By using a reflective liquid crystal element, power consumption of the display device 100 can be reduced. One electrode of the display element 71 is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 63. The transistor 63 has a function of controlling a voltage applied to the display element 71.

Here, in the pixel 880, the sub-pixel 881I may not be driven for each pixel, and all the pixels may be turned on / off collectively. In such a case, it is not necessary to provide a transistor for controlling driving for each pixel. That is, the entire screen may be displayed in a solid state by turning on all the pixels at once. Alternatively, a plurality of pixels may be turned on / off at once. For example, all pixels may be turned on and off at once in a partial region of the display portion.

  The transistor 63, the transistor 65, and the transistor 66 are transistors using silicon, for example. As silicon, amorphous silicon can be used. As silicon, silicon having crystallinity such as polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, or the like can be used.

A transistor using amorphous silicon is simpler and less expensive than a transistor using polycrystalline silicon. In addition, there is an advantage that it is easy to manufacture with a large substrate. Note that in general, amorphous silicon used for a transistor contains a large amount of hydrogen. For this reason, amorphous silicon containing a large amount of hydrogen may be referred to as “hydrogenated amorphous silicon” or “a-Si: H”. Further, since amorphous silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than polycrystalline silicon, the maximum temperature during the manufacturing process can be lowered. Therefore, a material having low heat resistance can be used for the substrate, the conductive layer, the insulating layer, and the like. Thus, amorphous silicon has extremely high productivity. In particular, when the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is used for a large display, amorphous silicon is preferably used.

A transistor using polycrystalline silicon can have higher field-effect mobility than a transistor using amorphous silicon. Therefore, even when the load connected to the transistor is large, the transistor can be operated at a high driving frequency.

Polycrystalline silicon can be produced, for example, by crystallizing amorphous silicon using a laser. Further, only a partial region of amorphous silicon may be crystallized.

An OS transistor may be used as the transistor 63, the transistor 65, and the transistor 66. An OS transistor can have higher field-effect mobility than a transistor using amorphous silicon. Therefore, even when the load connected to the transistor is large, the transistor can be operated at a high driving frequency. In addition, the OS transistor has advantages such as high productivity and easy creation with a large substrate. An OS transistor has extremely low off-state current, and a display device using the OS transistor can reduce power consumption in some cases.

Further, the transistor 63, the transistor 65, and the transistor 66 may have a back gate.

  By using a transistor having a low off-state current as the transistor 63, for example, an OS transistor, the driver circuit can be temporarily stopped when it is not necessary to rewrite the display screen (that is, when a still image is displayed) , "Idling stop" or "IDS drive". The power consumption of the display device 100 can be reduced by the IDS driving.

One or more of the transistors 63, 65, and 66 may be transistors using silicon, and one or more may be OS transistors.

Note that in the case of performing IDS driving in a liquid crystal element, the anisotropy of the dielectric constant is set to 2 to 3.8 and the resistivity of the liquid crystal layer is set to 1.0 × 10 ¹⁴ (Ω · cm) to 1.0 × 10 ^15. (Ω · cm) or less is preferable.

  When the anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is high, the interaction with the electric field is large, and the behavior of the liquid crystal layer is accelerated, so that the display panel can be operated at high speed. Note that if the anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer exceeds 3.8, it becomes difficult to purify the impurities in the liquid crystal. When these impurities remain in the liquid crystal layer, the conductivity of the liquid crystal layer increases, and in the case of IDS driving, it is difficult to maintain the voltage written in the pixel.

  On the other hand, when the dielectric constant anisotropy of the liquid crystal layer is low, the amount of impurities in the liquid crystal layer can be reduced, so that the conductivity of the liquid crystal layer can be reduced. If the anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is less than 2, since the interaction with the electric field is small and the behavior of the liquid crystal layer is slow, the drive voltage must be set high to promote high-speed operation. It is difficult to reduce power consumption.

Therefore, the anisotropy of the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer is 2 or more and 3.8 or less, and the resistivity of the liquid crystal layer is 1.0 × 10 ¹⁴ (Ω · cm) or more and 1.0 × 10 ¹⁵ (Ω · cm) or less, IDS driving is possible, and power consumption of the display panel can be reduced.

  The gate lines GL3 and GL4 are wirings to which signals are supplied from the drive circuit 102. In the example shown in FIG. 11B, gate lines electrically connected to the subpixels 881R, 881G, and 881B corresponding to visible light, that is, red, green, and blue are shared, The line GL3 is electrically connected. The gate line GL4 is electrically connected to the sub-pixel 881I corresponding to the infrared light. A source line SL5, a source line SL6, a source line SL7, and a source line SL8 are electrically connected to the subpixel 881R, the subpixel 881G, the subpixel 881B, and the subpixel 881I, respectively. The source line SL5, the source line SL6, the source line SL7, and the source line SL8 are wirings to which signals are supplied from the driver circuit 103.

  For example, a backlight having light emission in a wavelength range from visible to infrared may be used as the light source. Each subpixel is provided with a color filter corresponding to each color, for example, a filter that transmits light in a wavelength range corresponding to red, green, blue, infrared, and the like.

  FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a circuit diagram in which the pixel 880 includes the display element 71 and the display element 72. A pixel 880 illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a sub-pixel 881R, a sub-pixel 881G, a sub-pixel 881B, a sub-pixel 881I, and a sub-pixel 881W. The sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, and the sub-pixel 881B illustrated in FIG. 12 include the display element 72, the transistor 65, and the transistor 66, and the gate line GL1 to which a signal is supplied from the driver circuit 102 is electrically connected. The A pixel 880 illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a sub-pixel 881I. A sub-pixel 881I illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a display element 72, a transistor 65, and a transistor 66, and a gate line GL2 to which a signal is supplied from the driver circuit 102 is electrically connected. A pixel 880 illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a sub-pixel 881W. A sub-pixel 881W illustrated in FIG. 12 includes a transistor 63 and a display element 71, and is electrically connected to a gate line GL3 to which a signal is supplied from the driver circuit 102.

  In addition, the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, the sub-pixel 881B, the sub-pixel 881R, and the sub-pixel 881I are supplied with signals from the driver circuit 103, respectively, source line SL1, source line SL2, source line SL3, and source line SL4. And the source line SL5 are electrically connected.

  In the pixel 880 illustrated in FIG. 12, for example, a reflective liquid crystal element may be used as the display element 71. Since the reflective liquid crystal element does not require a light source such as a backlight, power consumption can be reduced. Further, since the display element 71 is included in the sub-pixel corresponding to white, the display element 71 may be used for gray display or monochrome display. For example, in the image 111, the display element 71 is used for the area for displaying characters, and the display element 72 is used for the area for displaying images. In some cases, power consumption can be reduced by using the display element 71 partially or entirely on the display portion.

  Alternatively, the display element 71 may be used when the illuminance of the area where the display device 100 is used is high, and the display element 72 may be used when the illuminance is low.

  FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a circuit diagram in which the pixel 880 includes the display element 71 and the display element 72. A pixel 880 illustrated in FIG. 13 includes a sub-pixel 881R, a sub-pixel 881G, a sub-pixel 881B, and a sub-pixel 881I. The subpixel 881R, the subpixel 881G, and the subpixel 881B illustrated in FIG. 13 each include a display element 72, a transistor 65 in which one of a source and a drain is electrically connected to the display element 72, and a source and a drain in the gate of the transistor 65. One of the transistors 66, the display element 71, and the display element 71 are electrically connected to one of the source and the drain. Since the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, and the sub-pixel 881B shown in FIG. 13 have both the display element 71 and the display element 72, when displaying each sub-pixel, both the display element 71 and the display element 72 are used. It may be driven or only one of them may be driven.

  For example, when the illuminance of the area where the display device 100 is used is high, the image 111 is displayed using only the display element 71 or the display element 71 and the display element 72 to reduce power consumption. When the illuminance is low The display element 72 is used. By reducing power consumption, the duration of the storage battery included in the display device 100 can be increased.

  A display obtained by displaying both the display element 71 and the display element 72 may be referred to as a hybrid display.

  Hybrid display is a method of displaying characters or images on one panel by using reflected light and self-light emission in combination with each other to complement color tone or light intensity. Alternatively, the hybrid display is a method for displaying characters and / or images using light from a plurality of display elements in the same pixel or the same sub-pixel. However, when a hybrid display that performs hybrid display is viewed locally, the display is performed using a pixel or sub-pixel displayed using any one of a plurality of display elements and two or more of the plurality of display elements. A pixel or a sub-pixel.

  Note that in this specification and the like, a display that satisfies any one or a plurality of expressions of the above configuration is referred to as a hybrid display.

  By using a hybrid display, an image having a unique texture may be obtained.

  The hybrid display has a plurality of display elements in the same pixel or the same sub-pixel. Examples of the plurality of display elements include a reflective element that reflects light and a self-luminous element that emits light. Note that the reflective element and the self-luminous element can be controlled independently. The hybrid display has a function of displaying characters and / or images in the display unit using either or both of reflected light and self-light emission.

  As a semiconductor material used for the OS transistor, a metal oxide having an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more, more preferably 3 eV or more can be used. Typically, an oxide semiconductor containing indium can be used. A transistor using an oxide semiconductor with a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon can hold charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time due to its low off-state current. Is possible.

  The semiconductor layer includes, for example, an In-M-Zn-based oxide including In, M, and M (metal such as aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium, or hafnium), In-M. A film represented by a series oxide, an M-Zn series oxide, or an In-Zn oxide can be used.

  In the case where the oxide semiconductor included in the semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn-based oxide, the atomic ratio of the metal elements of the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ≧ M, Zn It is preferable to satisfy ≧ M. As the atomic ratio of the metal elements of such a sputtering target, In: M: Zn = 1: 1: 1, In: M: Zn = 1: 1: 1.2, In: M: Zn = 3: 1: 2, In: M: Zn = 4: 2: 3, In: M: Zn = 4: 2: 4.1, In: M: Zn = 5: 1: 6, In: M: Zn = 5: 1: 7, In: M: Zn = 5: 1: 8 etc. are preferable. Note that the atomic ratio of the semiconductor layer to be formed includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target.

  In addition, a metal oxide formed using the above materials or the like can serve as a light-transmitting conductor by controlling impurities, oxygen vacancies, and the like. Therefore, in addition to the semiconductor layer described above, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode, and the like, which are other components of the transistor, are formed using a light-transmitting conductor, thereby forming a light-transmitting transistor. Can do. By using the light-transmitting transistor for a pixel of the display device, the display element can be transmitted or emitted, but the transistor can be transmitted, so that the aperture ratio can be improved.

  In addition, a CAC-OS or a CAC-metal oxide can be used for the OS transistor. The CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of the material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor. Note that in the case where CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor, the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers, and the insulating function is an electron serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow. By performing the conductive function and the insulating function in a complementary manner, a switching function (function to turn on / off) can be given to the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, by separating each function, both functions can be maximized. The CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region. The conductive region has the above-described conductive function, and the insulating region has the above-described insulating function. In the material, the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level. In addition, the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively. In addition, the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, the conductive region and the insulating region are each dispersed in a material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm. There is. Further, CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps. For example, CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region. In the case of the configuration, when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap. In addition, the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel region of a transistor, high current driving capability, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor. That is, CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be referred to as a matrix composite or a metal matrix composite.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, an example of the structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described. 14 and 15A show a cross section of the display device 100. FIG.

  A display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 14A includes a substrate 853, a substrate 865, an element 871 sandwiched between the substrate 853 and the substrate 865, and an element 872. The display device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a structure without the element 871.

  An element 871 illustrated in FIG. 14A includes a liquid crystal element. The element 871 is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the substrate 853 and the insulating layer 858.

  The element 871 includes a display element 856, a coloring layer 855, and a reflective electrode 857. The element 871 preferably includes a transistor that applies a voltage to the liquid crystal layer. The display element 856 includes a liquid crystal layer, an electrode located on the opposite side of the reflective electrode 857 with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, and an alignment film. For example, the alignment film is disposed so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer. The colored layer may be referred to as a color filter.

  The insulating layer 854 is located between the substrate 853 and the insulating layer 858. The insulating layer 854 may function as an adhesive layer. For example, the substrate 853 and the element 871 may be bonded to each other with the insulating layer 854.

  In the substrate 853, an optical film 851 may be provided on the surface opposite to the element 871.

  An element 872 illustrated in FIG. 14A includes a light-emitting element. Examples of the light emitting element include a top emission type, a bottom emission type, and a dual emission type. A conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode from which light is extracted. In addition, a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode from which light is not extracted. Here, an example in which the element 872 includes an organic EL element will be described. The element 872 is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the substrate 865 and the insulating layer 858.

  The element 871 includes a transistor layer 861, a display element 862, a transistor layer 863, a display element 864, and a coloring layer 860. As the transistor included in the transistor layer 861 and the transistor layer 863, the transistor 63 described in the above embodiment can be referred to.

  The display element 862 includes an EL layer and two or more electrodes arranged so as to sandwich the EL layer. The EL layer has at least a light emitting layer. The EL layer will be described in detail in a later embodiment. The EL layer included in the display element 862 has a function of emitting light in a wavelength region mainly including visible light. At least one of the electrodes included in the display element 862 is electrically connected to the source or drain of the transistor included in the transistor layer 861.

  The display element 864 includes an EL layer and two or more electrodes arranged so as to sandwich the EL layer. The EL layer included in the display element 864 has a function of emitting light in the infrared region. At least one of the electrodes included in the display element 864 is electrically connected to the source or the drain of the transistor included in the transistor layer 863.

  The insulating layer 859 is located between the substrate 865 and the insulating layer 858. The insulating layer 859 may function as an adhesive layer. For example, the substrate 865 and the element 872 may be bonded to each other with the insulating layer 859.

  The display device 100 is not necessarily provided with the element 871 as in the example illustrated in FIG. 14B. The display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 14B includes the element 872, which includes the substrate 865 and the substrate. It is arranged so as to be sandwiched between 853. The display device 100 includes a transistor layer 863 over a substrate 865, a display element 864 over the transistor layer 863, a transistor layer 861 over the display element 864, a display element 862 over the transistor layer 861, and a colored layer over the display element 862. 860.

  FIG. 15A shows an example of the emission wavelength of the organic EL element. The horizontal axis represents wavelength (Wave Length), and the vertical axis represents emission intensity (Emission Intensity). When the emission wavelength is from red to infrared, infrared light may be selected and emitted from the display element. The emission spectrum illustrated in FIG. 15A has a peak at D [nm]. D is, for example, not less than 570 nm and not more than 750 nm. For example, in FIG. 15A, a colored layer that transmits light in a wavelength region of E [nm] or more is used, and the region F is emitted from the display element. E has a value of 650 or more and 800 or less, for example.

  A display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 15B is different from FIG. 14A in that a light source 866 is provided. The light source 866 has a function of emitting infrared light.

  In the display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 15B, infrared light can be emitted from the light source 866. Therefore, the element 872 illustrated in FIG. 15B does not need to include the display element 864 and the transistor layer 863 which have a function of emitting light in the infrared region as compared with FIG.

  In FIG. 16A, the display device 100 illustrated in FIG. 14B will be described in more detail. A part of the structure illustrated in FIG. 16 can also be applied to the element 872 in FIG. The display element 862 includes an electrode 862a, an EL layer 862b, and an electrode 862c. The display element 862 may include a transflective electrode 862d. In each subpixel, the thickness of the transflective electrode 862d may be different.

  In the structure illustrated in FIG. 16A, by changing the thickness of the transflective electrode 862d included in each subpixel, the distance from the surface of the electrode 862a to the electrode 862c and the light emitting layer of the EL layer 861b included in the 860R The distance from the surface of the electrode 862a can be adjusted. Therefore, the light emitted from the light emitting layer can be amplified by applying the microcavity method. For example, it is preferable to adjust the distance from the surface of the electrode 862a to the electrode 862c to be near mλ / 2 (where m is a natural number) with respect to the wavelength λ of light obtained from the light emitting layer.

  Further, in order to amplify desired light (wavelength: λ) obtained from the light emitting layer 1113, an optical distance from the surface of the electrode 862a to a region (light emitting region) where desired light of the light emitting layer is obtained, and from the electrode 862c, It is preferable to adjust the optical distance to the region (light emitting region) where desired light can be obtained in the light emitting layer 1113 so as to be in the vicinity of (2m ′ + 1) λ / 4 (where m ′ is a natural number). Note that the light emitting region herein refers to a recombination region between holes and electrons in the light emitting layer 1113.

  By performing such optical adjustment, the spectrum of specific monochromatic light obtained from the light emitting layer can be narrowed, and light emission with good color purity can be obtained.

When the light-transmitting electrode is a transparent electrode, the transparent electrode has a visible light transmittance of 40% or more. In the case of a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode, the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective electrode is 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 70%. These electrodes preferably have a resistivity of 1 × 10 ⁻² Ωcm or less. In the case where the electrode is a reflective electrode (reflective electrode), the visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% to 100%, preferably 70% to 100%. The electrode preferably has a resistivity of 1 × 10 ⁻² Ωcm or less.

  The following materials can be used in appropriate combination as the electrode material. For example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, a mixture thereof, and the like can be used as appropriate. Specifically, an In—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITO), an In—Si—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITSO), an In—Zn oxide, and an In—W—Zn oxide can be given. In addition, aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn ), Indium (In), tin (Sn), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), yttrium (Y ), A metal such as neodymium (Nd), and an alloy containing an appropriate combination thereof. In addition, elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above (for example, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), europium (Eu), ytterbium ( It is possible to use rare earth metals such as Yb), alloys containing these in appropriate combinations, graphene, and the like.

  The display device 100 includes a pixel 880, and the pixel 880 includes a sub-pixel 881R, a sub-pixel 881G, a sub-pixel 881B, and a sub-pixel 881I. In FIG. 16A, the sub-pixel 881R, the sub-pixel 881G, and the sub-pixel 881B share the EL layer 862b. The subpixel 881R, the subpixel 881G, and the subpixel 881B each include a colored layer (colored layer 860R, colored layer 860G, and colored layer 860B) corresponding to each color.

  As the display element, a light-emitting element having a structure in which a plurality of EL layers are interposed between a pair of electrodes with a charge generation layer interposed therebetween (hereinafter referred to as a tandem light-emitting element) may be used. For example, a plurality of EL layers and a charge generation layer between the EL layers may be provided between the electrodes 861a and 861c.

  The display element 864 includes an electrode 864a, an EL layer 864b, and an electrode 864c. The display element 864 may include a transflective electrode 864d.

  In FIG. 16A, the EL layer 862b and the EL layer 863b have overlapping regions. FIG. 16A shows light 891 emitted from the EL863 layer b and emitted to the outside of the substrate 853. The light 891 may be emitted to the outside of the substrate 853 through the EL layer 862b and the electrode 862c.

  FIG. 16B illustrates an example in which the EL layer 862b and the EL layer 864b are arranged side by side. The EL layer 862b and the EL layer 864b can be manufactured by separately coating with a mask. Note that when the EL layer 862b and the EL layer 864b have the same structure, separate coating is not necessary.

  In addition, the EL layer 862 is separately applied to the subpixels corresponding to red, green, and blue, and the EL layer 864 is an EL layer that is common to the subpixel region corresponding to red in the EL layer 862. Also good. In this case, it is not necessary to separate the sub-pixel region corresponding to red in the L layer 862 and the EL layer 864.

  In FIG. 16A, since the EL layer 862b and the EL layer 864b have overlapping regions, the area of the pixel 880 can be smaller than that in FIG. Further, since the area of the EL layer 864b is large, the current flowing through the EL layer 864b may be reduced, and the power consumption of the display device 100 may be reduced. Note that in FIG. 16, a layer that blocks an infrared region, for example, a metal layer may be provided below the transistor 861.

  16A and 16B, when the electrode 862b (electrode 864b) is an anode, the hole injection layer 1, the hole transport layer, the light-emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection of the EL layer 862b on the electrode The layers are sequentially stacked, and then the electrode 862c (electrode 864b) is formed.

  As examples of the substrate such as the substrate 851 and the substrate 865, a semiconductor substrate (for example, a single crystal substrate or a silicon substrate), an SOI substrate, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a plastic substrate, a metal substrate, a stainless steel substrate, a stainless steel foil, or the like. And a substrate having tungsten, a substrate having tungsten foil, a flexible substrate, a laminated film, paper containing a fibrous material, or a base film.

  Note that examples of the glass substrate include barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, and soda lime glass. Examples of flexible substrates, bonded films, base films, etc. are synthetic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyether sulfone (PES), acrylic, etc. Examples thereof include resin, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy, an inorganic vapor deposition film, and papers.

  Examples of the optical film include a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, a light diffusion layer (diffusion film, etc.), an antireflection layer (also referred to as “Anti Reflection layer” or “AR layer”), and an antiglare layer (“Anti Glare layer”). Alternatively, it is also referred to as “AG layer”) and a light collecting film or the like. Further, an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult to adhere dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses generation of scratches due to use, and the like may be provided. Moreover, you may use combining the said member. For example, you may use the circularly-polarizing plate which combined the linearly-polarizing plate and the phase difference plate.

  The AR layer has a function of reducing regular reflection (specular reflection) of external light by utilizing light interference action. When the AR layer is used, the AR layer is formed using a material having a refractive index different from that of the substrate 361. The AR layer can be formed using a material such as zirconium oxide, magnesium fluoride, aluminum oxide, or silicon oxide, for example.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, the details of the EL layer and the liquid crystal element described in the above embodiment will be described.

  An EL layer included in the organic EL element of one embodiment of the present invention will be described. The EL layer has at least a light emitting layer. The EL layer is a layer other than the light-emitting layer, such as a substance having a high hole-injecting property, a substance having a high hole-transporting property, a hole blocking material, a substance having a high electron-transporting property, a substance having a high electron-injecting property, A layer including a substance (a substance having a high electron transporting property and a high hole transporting property) or the like may be further included.

  The emission color of each sub-pixel can be changed to white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, infrared, or the like depending on the material constituting the EL layer.

  As a method for realizing color display, there are a method in which a display element having a white emission color and a colored layer are combined, and a method in which a display element having a different emission color is provided for each sub-pixel. The former method is more productive than the latter method. On the other hand, in the latter method, it is possible to obtain an emission color with higher color purity than in the former method. Furthermore, in the latter method, since light absorption by the colored layer is suppressed as compared with the former method, the power consumption of the display device can be reduced. In addition to the latter method, the color purity can be further increased by providing the display element with a microcavity structure.

  In the EL layer, either a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound can be used, and an inorganic compound may be included. The layers constituting the EL layer can be formed by a method such as a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an ink jet method, or a coating method.

The EL layer may have an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot. For example, a quantum dot can be used for a light emitting layer to function as a light emitting material. A quantum dot is a semiconductor nanocrystal having a size of several nm, and is composed of about 1 × 10 ³ to 1 × 10 ⁶ atoms. Quantum dots shift their energy depending on their size, so even if the quantum dots are made of the same material, the emission wavelength differs depending on the size, and the emission wavelength can be easily adjusted by changing the size of the quantum dots used be able to.

  In addition, since the quantum dot has a narrow emission spectrum peak width, light emission with good color purity can be obtained. Furthermore, the theoretical external quantum efficiency of quantum dots is said to be almost 100%, which is much higher than 25% of organic compounds that exhibit fluorescence and is equivalent to organic compounds that exhibit phosphorescence. For this reason, a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency can be obtained by using quantum dots as a light-emitting material. In addition, since the quantum dot which is an inorganic compound is excellent in the essential stability, a preferable light-emitting element can be obtained from the viewpoint of life.

  Materials constituting the quantum dot include periodic table group 14 element, periodic table group 15 element, periodic table group 16 element, compound composed of a plurality of periodic table group 14 elements, periodic table group 4 to periodic table. Compound of group 14 element and periodic table group 16 element, periodic table group 2 element and periodic table group 16 element, periodic table group 13 element and periodic table group 15 element A compound of a periodic table group 13 element and a periodic table group 17 element, a compound of a periodic table group 14 element and a periodic table group 15 element, a periodic table group 11 element and a periodic table group 17 element Examples thereof include compounds, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenide spinels, and various semiconductor clusters.

  Specifically, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide , Gallium phosphide, indium nitride, gallium nitride, indium antimonide, gallium phosphide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, lead selenide, lead telluride, lead sulfide, indium selenide, indium telluride, sulfide Indium, gallium selenide, arsenic sulfide, arsenic selenide, arsenic telluride, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, antimony telluride, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, bismuth telluride, silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, tin, selenium, Tellurium, Hou , Carbon, phosphorus, boron nitride, boron phosphide, boron arsenide, aluminum nitride, aluminum sulfide, barium sulfide, barium selenide, barium telluride, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, beryllium sulfide, beryllium selenide, Beryllium telluride, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide, germanium sulfide, germanium selenide, germanium telluride, tin sulfide, tin selenide, tin telluride, lead oxide, copper fluoride, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide , Copper oxide, copper selenide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfide, triiron tetroxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum sulfide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, nitride Germanium, aluminum oxide Barium titanate, selenium, zinc and cadmium compound, indium, arsenic and phosphorus compound, cadmium, selenium and sulfur compound, cadmium, selenium and tellurium compound, indium, gallium and arsenic compound, indium, gallium and selenium compound Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, compounds of indium, selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper, indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof. Moreover, you may use what is called an alloy type quantum dot whose composition is represented by arbitrary ratios. For example, an alloy type quantum dot of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur is one of effective means for obtaining blue light emission because the emission wavelength can be changed by changing the content ratio of elements.

  The structure of the quantum dot includes a core type, a core-shell type, a core-multishell type, and any of them may be used, but the shell is covered with another inorganic material that covers the core and has a wider band gap. By forming, the influence of defects and dangling bonds existing on the nanocrystal surface can be reduced. Thereby, in order to greatly improve the quantum efficiency of light emission, it is preferable to use a core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dot. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide.

  In addition, since the quantum dots have a high ratio of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and tend to aggregate. Therefore, it is preferable that a protective agent is attached to the surface of the quantum dot or a protective group is provided. Aggregation can be prevented and solubility in a solvent can be increased by attaching the protective agent or providing a protective group. It is also possible to reduce the reactivity and improve the electrical stability. Examples of the protective agent (or protecting group) include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, tripropylphosphine, tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, Trialkylphosphines such as octylphosphine, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene n-nonylphenyl ether, tri (n-hexyl) amine, tri (n-octyl) Tertiary amines such as amine, tri (n-decyl) amine, tripropylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphine oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine Organic phosphorus compounds such as oxyoxide, tridecylphosphine oxide, polyethylene glycol diesters such as polyethylene glycol dilaurate and polyethylene glycol distearate, and organic nitrogen compounds such as nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds such as pyridine, lutidine, collidine and quinolines , Hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine and other amino alkanes, dibutyl sulfide and other dialkyl sulfides, dimethyl sulfoxide and dibutyl sulfoxide and other dialkyl sulfoxides, and thiophene Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfur-containing aromatic compounds, higher fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, alcohols, sorbitan fatty acid esters , Fatty acid-modified polyesters, tertiary amine modified polyurethanes and polyethylene imines, and the like.

  Since the quantum dot has a band gap that increases as the size decreases, the size of the quantum dot is appropriately adjusted so that light having a desired wavelength can be obtained. As the crystal size decreases, the emission of quantum dots shifts to the blue side, that is, to the higher energy side, so changing the size of the quantum dots changes the wavelength of the spectrum in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions. The emission wavelength can be adjusted over a region. The size (diameter) of the quantum dots is usually 0.5 nm to 20 nm, preferably 1 nm to 10 nm. In addition, as the quantum dot has a narrower size distribution, the emission spectrum becomes narrower and light emission with good color purity can be obtained. The shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, rod-shaped, disk-shaped, or other shapes. In addition, since the quantum rod which is a rod-shaped quantum dot exhibits the light which has the directivity polarized in the c-axis direction, the light emitting element with more favorable external quantum efficiency can be obtained by using a quantum rod as a luminescent material. .

  In many cases, EL elements increase luminous efficiency by dispersing a light emitting material in a host material, but the host material needs to be a substance having a singlet excitation energy or triplet excitation energy higher than that of the light emitting material. is there. In particular, in the case of using a blue phosphorescent material, it is extremely difficult to develop a host material having a triplet excitation energy higher than that and having an excellent lifetime. On the other hand, since the quantum dots can maintain the light emission efficiency even if the light emitting layer is composed of only the quantum dots without using a host material, a light emitting element that is preferable from this point of view can also be obtained. When the light emitting layer is formed only with quantum dots, the quantum dots preferably have a core-shell structure (including a core-multishell structure).

  Hereinafter, each material of the EL layer will be further described.

<Hole injection layer and hole transport layer>
Examples of the material having a high hole injection property include transition metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide, and manganese oxide. In addition, phthalocyanine compounds such as phthalocyanine (abbreviation: H ₂ Pc) and copper phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPC), 4,4′-bis [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl ( Abbreviation: DPAB), N, N′-bis {4- [bis (3-methylphenyl) amino] phenyl} -N, N′-diphenyl- (1,1′-biphenyl) -4,4′-diamine ( An aromatic amine compound such as abbreviation (DNTPD) or a polymer such as poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly (styrenesulfonic acid) (abbreviation: PEDOT / PSS) can be used.

  As a material having a high hole-injecting property, a composite material including a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material) can also be used. In this case, electrons are extracted from the hole transporting material by the acceptor material, holes are generated in the hole injection layer, and holes are injected into the hole transport layer. Note that the hole injecting layer may be formed as a single layer made of a composite material including a hole transporting material and an acceptor material (electron accepting material), but the hole transporting material and the acceptor material (electrons) And a receptive material) may be formed by laminating them in separate layers.

As the acceptor material used for the hole-injecting layer, an oxide of a metal belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be used. Specific examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide. Among these, molybdenum oxide is especially preferable because it is stable in the air, has a low hygroscopic property, and is easy to handle. In addition, organic acceptors such as quinodimethane derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives can be used. Specifically, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F ₄ -TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7,10,11 -Hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation: HAT-CN) or the like can be used.

As the hole transporting material used for the hole injecting layer and the hole transporting layer, a substance having a hole mobility of 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or more is preferable. Note that other than these substances, any substance that has a property of transporting more holes than electrons can be used.

  As the hole transporting material, a π-electron rich heteroaromatic compound (for example, a carbazole derivative or an indole derivative) or an aromatic amine compound is preferable. As a specific example, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) is preferable. ) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD), N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-diphenyl- [1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4 '-Diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4'-bis [N- (spiro-9,9'-bifluoren-2-yl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-phenyl-4 '-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3'-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: m BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-4 ′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 3- [4- (9-phenanthryl) -phenyl] -9-phenyl- 9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn), N- (4-biphenyl) -N- (9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) -9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCBiF) ), N- (1,1′-biphenyl-4-yl) -N- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) phenyl] -9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2- Amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF) 4,4′-diphenyl-4 ″-(9-phenyl-9-H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP) 4- (1-naphthyl) -4 ′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) -triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBANB), 4,4′-di (1-naphthyl) -4 ″ -(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 9,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl-N- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) ) Phenyl] fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) phenyl] spiro-9,9′-bifluoren-2-amine (Abbreviation: PCBASF), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris (carbazol-9-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris (N, N-diphenyl) Amino) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 4,4′- Compound having an aromatic amine skeleton such as bis [N- (spiro-9,9′-bifluoren-2-yl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 1,3-bis (N-carbazolyl) Benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 4,4′-di (N-carbazolyl) biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 3,6-bis (3,5-diphenylphenyl) -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3 , 3′-bis (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), 3- [N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N-phenylamino] -9 -Phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis [N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N-phenylamino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3- [N- ( 1-naphthyl) -N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) amino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), 1,3,5-tris [4- (N-carbazolyl) phenyl] benzene (abbreviation) : TCPB), 9- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA) and other compounds having a carbazole skeleton, 4,4 ′, 4 ″-(benzene-1 , 3,5-triyl) tri (dibenzothiophene) (abbreviation: DBT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4- [4- (9- Enyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III), 4- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] -6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation) : DBTFLP-IV) and other compounds having a thiophene skeleton, 4,4 ′, 4 ″-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl) tri (dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), 4- {3- And compounds having a furan skeleton such as [3- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] phenyl} dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II).

  Further, poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK), poly (4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly [N- (4- {N ′-[4- (4-diphenylamino)] Phenyl] phenyl-N′-phenylamino} phenyl) methacrylamide] (abbreviation: PTPDMA) poly [N, N′-bis (4-butylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) benzidine] (abbreviation: Poly High molecular compounds such as -TPD) can also be used.

<Light emitting layer>
The light emitting layer is a layer containing a light emitting substance. Note that as the light-emitting substance, a substance exhibiting a luminescent color such as blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, or red is appropriately used. In addition, by using different light-emitting substances for the plurality of light-emitting layers, a configuration in which different light emission colors are exhibited (for example, white light emission obtained by combining light emission colors having a complementary color relationship) can be obtained. Furthermore, a stacked structure in which one light emitting layer includes different light emitting substances may be used.

  In addition to the light emitting substance (guest material), the light emitting layer may have one or more organic compounds (host material, assist material). As the one or more kinds of organic compounds, one or both of a hole transporting material and an electron transporting material described in this embodiment can be used.

  Examples of luminescent substances include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials). For example, pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives , Pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, naphthalene derivatives and the like. In particular, a pyrene derivative is preferable because of its high emission quantum yield. Specific examples of the pyrene derivative include N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis [3- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] pyrene-1,6. -Diamine (1,6mMemFLPAPrn), (N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis [4- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] pyrene-1,6-diamine) (1 , 6FLPAPrn), N, N′-bis (dibenzofuran-2-yl) -N, N′-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (1,6FrAPrn), N, N′-bis (dibenzothiophen-2-yl) ) -N, N′-diphenylpyrene-1,6-diamine (1,6ThAPrn), N, N ′-(pyrene-1,6-diyl) bis [(N-phenylbenzo [b] naphtho [1,2 -D] Lan) -6-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn), N, N '-(pyrene-1,6-diyl) bis [(N-phenylbenzo [b] naphtho [1,2-d] furan)- 8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-02), N, N ′-(pyrene-1,6-diyl) bis [(6, N-diphenylbenzo [b] naphtho [1,2-d] furan) -8-amine] (abbreviation: 1,6BnfAPrn-03).

  In addition, 5,6-bis [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -2,2′-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis [4 ′-(10-phenyl-) 9-anthryl) biphenyl-4-yl] -2,2′-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2BPy), N, N′-bis [4- (9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl] -N, N′-diphenyl Stilbene-4,4′-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4- (9H-carbazol-9-yl) -4 ′-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA), 4- ( 9H-carbazol-9-yl) -4 ′-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA), N, 9-diphenyl-N- [4- (10 Phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), 4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) -4 ′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) Triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPA), 4- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -4 ′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPBA) Perylene, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (abbreviation: TBP), N, N ″-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyldi-4,1-phenylene) bis [N, N ′, N′-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviation: DPABPA), N, 9-diphenyl-N- [4- (9 10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) phenyl] -9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA), N- [4- (9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) phenyl] -N, N ′, N ′ -Triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPPA) or the like can be used.

  Examples of the light-emitting substance that converts triplet excitation energy into light emission include a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescent material) and a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence. .

  Examples of phosphorescent materials include organometallic complexes, metal complexes (platinum complexes), and rare earth metal complexes. Since these exhibit different emission colors (emission peaks) for each substance, they are appropriately selected and used as necessary.

  Examples of phosphorescent materials that exhibit blue or green color and whose emission spectrum peak wavelength is 450 nm or more and 570 nm or less include the following substances.

For example, tris [2- {5- (2-methylphenyl) -4- (2,6-dimethylphenyl) -4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-κN2} phenyl-κC] iridium (III ) (Abbreviation: [Ir (mpppz-dmp) ₃ ]), tris (5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (Mptz) ₃ ], Tris [4- (3-biphenyl) -5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolate] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (iPrptz-3b) ₃ ]) Tris [ 3- (5-biphenyl) -5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato] iridium (III) _{(abbreviation: Ir (iPr5btz) 3])} , 4 such as An organometallic complex having a triazole skeleton, tris [3-methyl-1- (2-methylphenyl) -5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (Mptz1- mp) ₃ ]), tris (1-methyl-2-phenyl-4-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolate) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (Prptz1-Me) ₃ ]) Organometallic complex having 1H-triazole skeleton, fac-tris [(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) -2-phenyl-1H-imidazole] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (iPrpmi) ₃ ]), tris [3 -(2,6-Dimethylphenyl) -7-methylimidazo [1,2-f] phenanthridinato] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [I _(Dmpimpt-Me) 3] an organometallic complex having an imidazole skeleton, such as), bis [2- (4 ', 6'-difluorophenyl) pyridinato -N, C ^2'] iridium (III) tetrakis (1-pyrazolyl ) Borate (abbreviation: FIr6), bis [2- (4 ′, 6′-difluorophenyl) pyridinato-N, C ^{2 ′} ] iridium (III) picolinate (abbreviation: FIrpic), bis [2- (3 ′, 5 '-Bistrifluoromethylphenyl) pyridinato-N, C ^2' ] iridium (III) picolinate (abbreviation: [Ir (CF ₃ ppy) ₂ (pic)]), bis [2- (4 ', 6'-difluorophenyl) ) pyridinato -N, C ^{2 ']} iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: FIracac Fenirupi having an electron withdrawing group such as) The derivative include organic metal complexes having a ligand.

  Examples of the phosphorescent material which exhibits green or yellow and has an emission spectrum peak wavelength of 495 nm or more and 590 nm or less include the following substances.

For example, an organic iridium complex can be used. For example, tris (4-methyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (mppm) ₃ ]), tris (4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato) iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir (tBupppm) ₃ ]), (acetylacetonato) bis (6-methyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (mppm) ₂ (acac)]), ( Acetylacetonato) bis (6-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (tBupppm) ₂ (acac)]), (acetylacetonato) bis [6- (2- Norbornyl) -4-phenylpyrimidinato] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (nbppm) ₂ (acac)]), (acetylacetona G) Bis [5-methyl-6- (2-methylphenyl) -4-phenylpyrimidinato] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (mpmppm) ₂ (acac)]), (acetylacetonato) bis { 4,6-dimethyl-2- [6- (2,6-dimethylphenyl) -4-pyrimidinyl-κN3] phenyl-κC} iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (dmppm-dmp) ₂ (acac)]) , (Acetylacetonato) bis (4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (dppm) ₂ (acac)]), an organometallic iridium complex having a pyrimidine skeleton, isocyanatomethyl) bis (3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazinato) iridium (III) _{(abbreviation: [Ir (mppr-Me)} 2 (acac ]), (Acetylacetonato) bis (5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyrazinato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir _(mppr-iPr) pyrazine skeleton, such as 2 (acac)]) , Tris (2-phenylpyridinato-N, C ^{2 ′} ) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (ppy) ₃ ]), bis (2-phenylpyridinato-N, C ^{2 ′} ) iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (ppy) ₂ (acac)]), bis (benzo [h] quinolinato) iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (bzq) ₂ ( acac)]), tris (benzo [h] quinolinato) iridium (III) _{(abbreviation: [Ir (bzq) 3]} ), tris (2-Fenirukinori DOO -N, C ^{2 ')} iridium (III) _{(abbreviation: [Ir (pq) 3]} ), bis (2-phenylquinolinato--N, C ^2') iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (Pq) ₂ (acac)]), an organometallic iridium complex having a pyridine skeleton, bis (2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazolate-N, C ^{2 ′} ) iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation) : [Ir (dpo) ₂ (acac)]), bis {2- [4 ′-(perfluorophenyl) phenyl] pyridinato-N, C ^{2 ′} } iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (p _{-PF-ph) 2 (acac)} ]), bis (2-phenyl-benzothiazyl Zola DOO -N, C ^{2 ')} iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (bt ₂ (acac)]) other organometallic complexes such as tris (acetylacetonato) (monophenanthroline) terbium (III) _{(abbreviation: [Tb (acac) 3 (} Phen)]) include rare earth metal complex such as It is done.

  Examples of the phosphorescent material which exhibits yellow or red and has an emission spectrum peak wavelength of 570 nm or more and 750 nm or less include the following substances.

For example, (diisobutyrylmethanato) bis [4,6-bis (3-methylphenyl) pyrimidinato] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (5 mdppm) ₂ (divm)]), bis [4,6-bis ( 3-methylphenyl) pyrimidinato] (dipivaloylmethanato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (5 mdppm) ₂ (dpm)]), bis [4,6-di (naphthalen-1-yl) pyrimidinato] ( An organometallic complex having a pyrimidine skeleton such as dipivaloylmethanato) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (d1npm) ₂ (dpm)]), (acetylacetonato) bis (2,3,5-triphenyl) Pirajinato) iridium (III) _{(abbreviation: [Ir (tppr) 2 (} acac)]), bis (2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinato (Dipivaloylmethanato) iridium (III) _{(abbreviation: [Ir (tppr) 2 (} dpm)]), bis {4,6-dimethyl-2- [3- (3,5-dimethylphenyl) -5- Phenyl-2-pyrazinyl-κN] phenyl-κC} (2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ ² O, O ′) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (dmdppr-P) ₂ (divm) ], Bis {4,6-dimethyl-2- [5- (4-cyano-2,6-dimethylphenyl) -3- (3,5-dimethylphenyl) -2-pyrazinyl-κN] phenyl-κC} (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato-κ ² O, O ′) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (dmdppr-dmCP) ₂ (dpm)]), (acetylacetonato ) Screw [2 -Methyl-3-phenylquinoxalinato-N, C ^{2 ′} ] iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (mpq) ₂ (acac)]), (acetylacetonato) bis (2,3-diphenylquinoxalinato -N, C2 ^' ) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (dpq) ₂ (acac)]), (acetylacetonato) bis [2,3-bis (4-fluorophenyl) quinoxalinato] iridium (III) (Abbreviation: [Ir (Fdpq) ₂ (acac)]) or an organometallic complex having a pyrazine skeleton, or tris (1-phenylisoquinolinato-N, C ^{2 ′} ) iridium (III) (abbreviation: [Ir (Piq) ₃ ]), bis (1-phenylisoquinolinato-N, C ^{2 ′} ) iridium (III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: [Ir (piq) ₂ (aca c)])) of an organometallic complex having a pyridine skeleton, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H, 23H-porphyrin platinum (II) (abbreviation: [PtOEP]) Platinum complexes such as tris (1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato) (monophenanthroline) europium (III) (abbreviation: [Eu (DBM) ₃ (Phen)]), tris [1- (2 -Thenoyl) -3,3,3-trifluoroacetonato] (monophenanthroline) europium (III) (abbreviation: [Eu (TTA) ₃ (Phen)]).

  As the organic compound (host material or assist material) used for the light emitting layer, one or more kinds of substances having an energy gap larger than that of the light emitting substance (guest material) may be selected and used.

  When the light-emitting substance is a fluorescent material, it is preferable to use an organic compound having a large singlet excited state energy level and a small triplet excited state energy level as the host material. For example, it is preferable to use an anthracene derivative or a tetracene derivative. Specifically, 9-phenyl-3- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCzPA), 3- [4- (1-naphthyl) -phenyl] -9 -Phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPN), 9- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 7- [4- (10-phenyl-9- Anthryl) phenyl] -7H-dibenzo [c, g] carbazole (abbreviation: cgDBCzPA), 6- [3- (9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) phenyl] -benzo [b] naphtho [1,2-d ] Furan (abbreviation: 2 mBnfPPA), 9-phenyl-10- {4- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) -biphenyl-4'-yl} -anthra Emissions (abbreviation: FLPPA), 5,12 diphenyltetracene, 5,12-bis (biphenyl-2-yl) tetracene, and the like.

  When the light-emitting substance is a phosphorescent material, an organic compound having a triplet excitation energy larger than the triplet excitation energy (energy difference between the ground state and the triplet excited state) of the light-emitting substance may be selected as the host material. In this case, in addition to zinc and aluminum-based metal complexes, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, triazine derivatives, pyridine derivatives In addition to bipyridine derivatives and phenanthroline derivatives, aromatic amines and carbazole derivatives can be used.

  More specifically, for example, the following hole transporting materials and electron transporting materials can be used as the host material.

  Examples of these host materials having a high hole transporting property include N, N′-di (p-tolyl) -N, N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DTDPPA), 4,4′-bis [ N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N, N′-bis {4- [bis (3-methylphenyl) amino] phenyl} -N, N′-diphenyl -(1,1′-biphenyl) -4,4′-diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B) An aromatic amine compound such as

  In addition, 3- [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA1), 3,6-bis [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenyl Amino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA2), 3,6-bis [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N- (1-naphthyl) amino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzTPN2), 3 -[N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N-phenylamino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis [N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)- N-phenylamino] -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA2), 3- [N- (1-naphthyl) -N- (9 Phenyl-3-yl) amino] phenyl carbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCNl) can be mentioned carbazole derivatives such. As other carbazole derivatives, 4,4′-di (N-carbazolyl) biphenyl (abbreviation: CBP), 1,3,5-tris [4- (N-carbazolyl) phenyl] benzene (abbreviation: TCPB) ), 1,4-bis [4- (N-carbazolyl) phenyl] -2,3,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene and the like can also be used.

  As a host material having a high hole-transport property, for example, 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD), N, N ′ -Bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N'-diphenyl- [1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4 ', 4 "-tris (carbazole- 9-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine (abbreviation: 1′-TNATA), 4 , 4 ′, 4 ″ -tris (N, N-diphenylamino) triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDATA), 4,4 ′, 4 ″ -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino ] Triphenylamine (abbreviation m-MTDATA), 4,4′-bis [N- (spiro-9,9′-bifluoren-2-yl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4-phenyl-4 ′-(9 -Phenylfluoren-9-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3 '-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), N- (9,9f- Dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) -N- {9,9-dimethyl-2- [N′-phenyl-N ′-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) amino] -9H -Fluoren-7-yl} phenylamine (abbreviation: DFLADFL), N- (9,9-dimethyl-2-diphenylamino-9H-fluoren-7-yl) diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPNF), 2- [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] spiro-9,9′-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPASF), 4-phenyl-4 ′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) -3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 4,4′-diphenyl-4 ″-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1BP), 4- ( 1-naphthyl) -4 ′-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBANB), 4,4′-di (1-naphthyl) -4 ″-(9-phenyl) -9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBNBB), 4-phenyldiphenyl- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3- ) Amine (abbreviation: PCA1BP), N, N′-bis (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N, N′-diphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (abbreviation: PCA2B), N, N ′, N ″ -triphenyl-N, N ′, N ″ -tris (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) benzene-1,3,5-triamine (abbreviation: PCA3B), N- (4-biphenyl)- N- (9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl) -9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCBiF), N- (1,1′-biphenyl-4-yl)- N- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) phenyl] -9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), 9,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl- N- [ -(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) phenyl] fluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) phenyl ] Spiro-9,9′-bifluoren-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), 2- [N- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N-phenylamino] spiro-9,9′-bifluorene (abbreviation) : PCASF), 2,7-bis [N- (4-diphenylaminophenyl) -N-phenylamino] -spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPA2SF), N- [4- (9H-carbazole- 9-yl) phenyl] -N- (4-phenyl) phenylaniline (abbreviation: YGA1BP), N, N′-bis [4- (carbazol-9-yl) phenyl An aromatic amine compound such as —N, N′-diphenyl-9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2F) can be used. 3- [4- (1-naphthyl) -phenyl] -9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPN), 3- [4- (9-phenanthryl) -phenyl] -9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (Abbreviation: PCPPn), 3,3′-bis (9-phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), 1,3-bis (N-carbazolyl) benzene (abbreviation: mCP), 3,6-bis ( 3,5-diphenylphenyl) -9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 4- {3- [3- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] phenyl} dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi-II) ), 4,4 ′, 4 ″-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl) tri (dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P-II), 1,3,5-tri (di) Nzothiophen-4-yl) -benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P-II), 2,8-diphenyl-4- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-III) ), 4- [4- (9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl) phenyl] -6-phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP-IV), 4- [3- (triphenylene-2-yl) phenyl] A carbazole compound such as dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: mDBTPTp-II), a thiophene compound, a furan compound, a fluorene compound, a triphenylene compound, a phenanthrene compound, or the like can be used.

Examples of the host material having a high electron transporting property include tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (abbreviation: Alq), tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (abbreviation: Almq ₃ ), and bis. (10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinolinato) beryllium (II) (abbreviation: BeBq ₂ ), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) (4-phenylphenolato) aluminum (III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis ( Metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton, such as 8-quinolinolato) zinc (II) (abbreviation: Znq). In addition, bis [2- (2-benzoxazolyl) phenolato] zinc (II) (abbreviation: ZnPBO), bis [2- (2-benzothiazolyl) phenolato] zinc (II) (abbreviation: ZnBTZ), etc. A metal complex having an oxazole-based or thiazole-based ligand can also be used. In addition to metal complexes, 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1,3-bis [5 -(P-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9- [4- (5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxa) Oxadiazole derivatives such as diazol-2-yl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO11), and 3- (4-biphenylyl) -4-phenyl-5- (4-tert-butylphenyl)- Triazole derivatives such as 1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ) and 2,2 ′, 2 ″-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl) tris (1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole) (Abbreviation: TPBI 2- [3- (dibenzothiophen-4-yl) phenyl] -1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (abbreviation: mDBTBIm-II), a compound having an imidazole skeleton (particularly a benzimidazole derivative), Compounds having an oxazole skeleton such as 4′-bis (5-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl) stilbene (abbreviation: BzOs) (particularly benzoxazole derivatives), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: Bphen), bathocuproin (abbreviation: BCP) Phenanthroline derivatives such as 2,9-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) -4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviation: NBphen), and 2- [3- (dibenzothiophen-4-yl) phenyl ] Dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDB) PDBq-II), 2- [3 ′-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl) biphenyl-3-yl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2- [3 ′-(9H-carbazole) -9-yl) biphenyl-3-yl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzBPDBq), 2- [4- (3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7- [3- (dibenzothiophen-4-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II), and 6- [3- (dibenzothiophene) -4-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), 4,6-bis [ 3- (phenanthrene-9-yl) phenyl] pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP2Pm), 4,6-bis [3- (4-dibenzothienyl) phenyl] pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 4,6 A heterocyclic compound having a diazine skeleton such as -bis [3- (9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl] pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCzP2Pm), 2- {4- [3- (N-phenyl-9H- A heterocyclic compound having a triazine skeleton such as carbazol-3-yl) -9H-carbazol-9-yl] phenyl} -4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn); -Bis [3- (9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl] pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy), 1,3,5-tri [3- ( - pyridyl) phenyl] benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB) can also be used a heterocyclic compound having a pyridine skeleton such. In addition, poly (2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly [(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF -Py), poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF-BPy) Molecular compounds can also be used.

  Examples of the host material include condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds such as anthracene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, and dibenzo [g, p] chrysene derivatives. Specifically, 9,10-diphenylanthracene ( Abbreviations: DPAnth), N, N-diphenyl-9- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: CzA1PA), 4- (10-phenyl-9- Anthryl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), YGAPA, PCAPA, N, 9-diphenyl-N- {4- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] phenyl} -9H-carbazol-3-amine (Abbreviation: PCAPBA) 2PCAPA, 6,12-dimethoxy-5,11-diphenyl Sen, DBC1, 9- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthracenyl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CzPA), 3,6-diphenyl-9- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) Phenyl] -9H-carbazole (abbreviation: DPCzPA), 9,10-bis (3,5-diphenylphenyl) anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 2 -Tert-butyl-9,10-di (2-naphthyl) anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9,9'-bianthryl (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9 '-(stilbene-3,3'-diyl ) Diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,9 ′-(stilbene-4,4′-diyl) diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1, 3, 5 Tri (1-pyrenyl) benzene (abbreviation: TPB3), or the like can be used.

  In the case where a plurality of organic compounds are used in the light-emitting layer, it is preferable to use a mixture of two types of compounds (a first compound and a second compound) that form an exciplex and an organometallic complex. In this case, various organic compounds can be used in appropriate combination. However, in order to efficiently form an exciplex, a compound that easily receives holes (hole transporting material) and a compound that easily receives electrons (electrons) A combination with a transportable material) is particularly preferred. Note that as specific examples of the hole-transport material and the electron-transport material, the materials described in this embodiment can be used. With this configuration, high efficiency, low voltage, and long life can be realized simultaneously.

TADF material is a material that can up-convert triplet excited state to singlet excited state with a little thermal energy (interverse crossing) and efficiently emits light (fluorescence) from singlet excited state. is there. As a condition for efficiently obtaining thermally activated delayed fluorescence, the energy difference between the triplet excited level and the singlet excited level is 0 eV or more and 0.2 eV or less, preferably 0 eV or more and 0.1 eV or less. Can be mentioned. In addition, delayed fluorescence in the TADF material refers to light emission having a remarkably long lifetime while having the same spectrum as normal fluorescence. The lifetime is 10 ⁻⁶ seconds or longer, preferably 10 ⁻³ seconds or longer.

Examples of the TADF material include fullerene and derivatives thereof, acridine derivatives such as proflavine, and eosin. In addition, metal-containing porphyrins including magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), palladium (Pd), and the like can be given. Examples of the metal-containing porphyrin include a protoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF ₂ (Proto IX)), a mesoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF ₂ (Meso IX)), and hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride. Complex (abbreviation: SnF ₂ (Hemato IX)), coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF ₂ (Copro III-4Me)), octaethylporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF ₂ (OEP) )), Etioporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (abbreviation: SnF ₂ (Etio I)), octaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complex (abbreviation: PtCl ₂ OEP), and the like.

  In addition, 1-biphenyl-4,6-bis (11-phenylindolo [1,3-a] carbazol-11-yl) -1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PIC-TRZ), 1, 4-diphenyl-6- [3- (9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) carbazol-9-yl] phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn), 1-phenoxazine-4,6-diphenyl -1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3- [4- (5-phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine) phenyl] -4,5-diphenyl-1,1,4-triazole ( Abbreviations: PPZ-3TPT), 3- [9,9-dimethylacridin-10 (9H) -yl)]-9H-xanthen-9-one (abbreviation: ACRXTN), bis [4- (9,9-dimethyl) Ru-9,10-dihydroacridine) phenyl] sulfon (abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H, 10′H-spiro [acridine-9,9′-anthracene] -10′-one (abbreviation: ACRSA) A heterocyclic compound having a π-electron rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring, such as In addition, a substance in which a π-electron rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring are directly bonded increases both the donor property of the π-electron rich heteroaromatic ring and the acceptor property of the π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring. This is particularly preferable because the energy difference between the singlet excited state and the triplet excited state becomes small.

  In addition, when using TADF material, it can also be used in combination with another organic compound. In particular, it is preferable to form a light-emitting layer by mixing a TADF material and an organometallic complex. With this configuration, high efficiency, low voltage, and long life can be realized simultaneously.

<Electron transport layer>
The electron transport layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the second electrode 1102 to the light emitting layer by the electron injection layer. Note that the electron transport layer is a layer containing an electron transport material. The electron transporting material used for the electron transporting layer is preferably a substance having an electron mobility of 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ cm ² / Vs or higher. Note that other than these substances, any substance that has a property of transporting more electrons than holes can be used.

  Examples of electron transporting materials include metal complexes having quinoline ligand, benzoquinoline ligand, oxazole ligand, or thiazole ligand, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, etc. Is mentioned. In addition, a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic compound such as a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compound can also be used.

Specifically, Alq ₃ , tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum (abbreviation: Almq ₃ ), bis (10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinolinato) beryllium (abbreviation: BeBq ₂ ), BAlq, bis [2 Metal complexes such as-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazolate] zinc (abbreviation: Zn (BOX) ₂ ), bis [2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazolate] zinc (abbreviation: Zn (BTZ) ₂ ), 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), OXD-7, 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -4 -Phenyl-5- (4-biphenylyl) -1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -4- (4- Ethylphenyl) -5- (4-biphenylyl) -1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: p-EtTAZ), bathophenanthroline (abbreviation: Bphen), bathocuproin (abbreviation: BCP), 4,4′-bis (5 -Heteroaromatic compounds such as methylbenzoxazol-2-yl) stilbene (abbreviation: BzOs), 2- [3- (dibenzothiophen-4-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II) ), 2- [3 ′-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl) biphenyl-3-yl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2- [4- (3,6-diphenyl-9H) -Carbazole-9-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7 [3- (Dibenzothiophen-4-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II), 6- [3- (dibenzothiophen-4-yl) phenyl] dibenzo [f, h] quinoxaline A quinoxaline or dibenzoquinoxaline derivative such as (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II) can be used.

  In addition, poly (2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly [(9,9-dihexylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF -Py), poly [(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) -co- (2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF-BPy) Molecular compounds can also be used.

  Further, the electron-transporting layer is not limited to a single layer, and may have a structure in which two or more layers made of the above substances are stacked.

<Electron injection layer>
The electron injection layer is a layer containing a substance having a high electron injection property. The electron injection layer includes an alkali metal such as lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ), lithium oxide (LiO _x ), or the like, or an alkaline earth metal thereof. Compounds can be used. Alternatively, a rare earth metal compound such as erbium fluoride (ErF ₃ ) can be used. Moreover, you may use an electride for an electron injection layer. Examples of the electride include a substance obtained by adding a high concentration of electrons to a mixed oxide of calcium and aluminum. In addition, the substance which comprises the electron carrying layer mentioned above can also be used.

  Alternatively, a composite material obtained by mixing an organic compound and an electron donor (donor) may be used for the electron injection layer. Such a composite material is excellent in electron injecting property and electron transporting property because electrons are generated in the organic compound by the electron donor. In this case, the organic compound is preferably a material excellent in transporting the generated electrons, and specifically, for example, an electron transporting material (metal complex, heteroaromatic compound, etc.) used in the above-described electron transport layer. Can be used. The electron donor may be any substance that exhibits an electron donating property to the organic compound. Specifically, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals are preferable, and lithium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, erbium, ytterbium, and the like can be given. Alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides are preferable, and lithium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, and the like can be given. A Lewis base such as magnesium oxide can also be used. Alternatively, an organic compound such as tetrathiafulvalene (abbreviation: TTF) can be used.

In the case where the charge generation layer has a structure in which an electron acceptor is added to a hole transporting material, the material described in this embodiment can be used as the hole transporting material. Examples of the electron acceptor include 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroquinodimethane (abbreviation: F ₄ -TCNQ), chloranil, and the like. In addition, oxides of metals belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be given. Specific examples include vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide.

  In the case where the charge generation layer has a structure in which an electron donor is added to an electron transporting material, the material described in this embodiment can be used as the electron transporting material. As the electron donor, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, a metal belonging to Groups 2 and 13 of the periodic table, or an oxide or carbonate thereof can be used. Specifically, lithium (Li), cesium (Cs), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), ytterbium (Yb), indium (In), lithium oxide, cesium carbonate, or the like is preferably used. An organic compound such as tetrathianaphthacene may be used as an electron donor.

<Liquid crystal element>
Next, a liquid crystal element included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is described. As the liquid crystal element, for example, a liquid crystal element to which a vertical alignment (VA: Vertical Alignment) mode is applied can be used. As the vertical alignment mode, an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode, or the like can be used.

  As the liquid crystal element, liquid crystal elements to which various modes are applied can be used. For example, in addition to the VA mode, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, an ASM (Axially Symmetrical Aligned Micro-cell) mode Further, a liquid crystal element to which an FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, an AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, or the like is applied can be used.

  The liquid crystal element is an element that controls transmission or non-transmission of light by an optical modulation action of liquid crystal. The optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique electric field). As the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element, a thermotropic liquid crystal, a low-molecular liquid crystal, a polymer liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like can be used. . These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.

  As the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used, and an optimal liquid crystal material may be used according to an applied mode or design.

  In order to control the alignment of the liquid crystal, an alignment film can be provided. Note that in the case of employing a horizontal electric field mode, liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used. The blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases. When the temperature of the cholesteric liquid crystal is increased, the blue phase appears immediately before the transition from the cholesteric phase to the isotropic phase. Since the blue phase appears only in a narrow temperature range, a liquid crystal composition mixed with several percent by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal in order to improve the temperature range. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and is optically isotropic. In addition, a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require alignment treatment and has a small viewing angle dependency. Further, since it is not necessary to provide an alignment film, a rubbing process is not required, so that electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented, and defects or breakage of the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process can be reduced. .

  In the case of using a reflective liquid crystal element, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. Separately from this, it is preferable to arrange a light diffusing plate on the display surface side because the visibility can be improved.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, specific examples of electronic devices according to one embodiment of the present invention are described.

  FIG. 17A illustrates a mobile phone 5900, which includes a housing 5901 having a curved surface, a display device having a display portion 5902, a driver circuit, a microphone 5907, a speaker 5904, a camera 5903, an external connection portion 5906, and operation buttons. 5905 and an illuminance sensor 5910 are provided. The mobile phone 5900 preferably includes, for example, a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, a sensor having a function of detecting sound, and the like inside the housing 5901. In addition, a touch sensor is preferably provided in the vicinity of the surface of the display portion 5902. For the display device, the display portion, and the like included in the mobile phone 5900, the above embodiment can be referred to.

  FIG. 17B illustrates a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 5200, which includes a housing 5201, a display device including a display portion 5202, a driver circuit, a belt 5203, a switch 5205, and the like. In the housing 5201, an illuminance sensor, a camera, and the like are provided in an area 5204 located around the display portion 5202. For example, the portable information terminal 5200 preferably includes a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, a sensor having a function of detecting sound, and the like inside the housing 5201. In addition, a touch sensor is preferably provided in the vicinity of the surface of the display portion 5202. For the display device, the display portion, and the like included in the portable information terminal 5200, the above embodiment can be referred to. For example, the portable information terminal 5200 is attached to a user's arm or the like by a belt 5203.

  FIG. 17C illustrates a tablet personal computer 5300, which includes a housing 5301, a housing 5302, a display device 5303, a display device including a driver circuit, an illuminance sensor 5305, a switch 5306, and the like. The display portion 5303 is supported by a housing 5301 and a housing 5302. Since the display portion 5303 is formed using a flexible substrate, the display portion 5303 has a function of flexibly bending the shape. By changing the angle between the housing 5301 and the housing 5302 at the hinges 5307 and 5308, the display portion 5303 can be folded so that the housing 5301 and the housing 5302 overlap with each other. The personal computer 53000 preferably includes, for example, a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, a sensor having a function of detecting sound, and the like inside the housing. In addition, a touch sensor is preferably provided in the vicinity of the surface of the display portion 5303. For the display device, the display portion, and the like included in the personal computer 5300, the above embodiment can be referred to.

  FIG. 17D illustrates a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 5700 which includes a housing 5701 having a curved surface, a display device 5702, a display device including a driver circuit, an illuminance sensor 5704, and the like. By using a flexible substrate for the display device, the display portion 5303 and the like can be supported by a curved housing 5701, and a flexible, lightweight, and easy-to-use wristwatch-type portable information terminal is provided. it can. For example, the portable information terminal 5700 preferably includes a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, a sensor having a function of detecting sound, and the like inside the housing 5701. In addition, a touch sensor is preferably provided in the vicinity of the surface of the display portion 5702. For the display device, the display portion, and the like included in the portable information terminal 5700, the above embodiment can be referred to. At least a part of the portable information terminal 5700 is used in contact with the user's arm, for example.

  An electronic device 920 illustrated in FIG. 17E includes a housing 921a, a housing 921b, a hinge 923, a display device 922, a display device including a driver circuit, a stylus 925, and the like. The display portion 922 is incorporated in the housing 921a and the housing 921b. In the electronic device 920, a camera 928 and an illuminance sensor 929 are incorporated in a housing 921a. The electronic device 920 preferably includes, for example, a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, a sensor having a function of detecting sound, and the like inside the housing. In addition, a touch sensor is preferably provided in the vicinity of the surface of the display portion 922. For the display device, the display portion, and the like included in the electronic device 920, the above embodiment can be referred to.

  The housing 921a and the housing 921b are rotatably connected by a hinge 923. The electronic device 920 can be deformed into a state in which the housing 921a and the housing 921b are closed and an open state as illustrated in FIG. Thereby, when carrying, it is excellent in portability, and when using, it is excellent in visibility by a large display area.

  Further, the hinge 923 preferably has a lock mechanism so that when the housing 921a and the housing 921b are opened, these angles do not become larger than a predetermined angle. For example, the angle at which the lock is applied (which does not open any more) is preferably 90 degrees or more and less than 180 degrees, typically 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, 150 degrees, 175 degrees, or the like. be able to. Thereby, convenience, safety, and reliability can be improved.

  The display portion 922 functions as a touch panel and can be operated with a finger, a stylus 925, or the like.

  One of the housing 921a and the housing 921b is provided with a wireless communication module, and transmits and receives data via a computer network such as the Internet, a LAN (Local Area Network), and Wi-Fi (registered trademark). Is possible.

  It is preferable that the display unit 922 includes a single flexible display. Accordingly, continuous display without interruption between the housing 921a and the housing 921b can be performed. Note that a display may be provided in each of the housing 921a and the housing 921b.

  When the housing 921a and the housing 921b are opened, the display portion 922 is held in a greatly curved form. For example, the display portion 922 can be held with a curvature radius of 1 mm to 50 mm, preferably 5 mm to 30 mm. Part of the display portion 922 can display a curved surface by continuously arranging pixels from the housing 921a to the housing 921b.

  Since the hinge 923 has the above-described lock mechanism, the display unit 922 can be prevented from being damaged without applying an excessive force to the display unit 922. Therefore, a highly reliable electronic device can be realized.

  FIG. 18 shows an example of display on the display unit based on the flow shown in FIG. 9 in the tablet personal computer 5300.

  FIG. 18A shows an example in which the display portion 5303 displays step S002 of FIG. 9, that is, a screen for selecting content. In the example shown in FIG. 18A, a list of books included in the personal computer 5300 is displayed on the display portion 5303.

  When a content, here a book to be browsed, is selected on the screen shown in the display portion 5303 in FIG. 18A, the image 111, here the contents of the book, is displayed on the display portion 5303 based on step S007 in FIG. 18 (B).)

  Next, an example in which the image 112 is displayed over the image 111 will be described based on step S009 of FIG. In the case where the image 112 is displayed on the entire display portion 5303, for example, when the personal computer 5300 is imaged by the imaging device, the image 111 is obstructed by the image 112 as shown in FIG. It becomes difficult to recognize. Alternatively, if the area 5309 is copy-prohibited content, only the area 5309 needs to be blocked (see FIG. 18D).

  The display portion of the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display an image having a resolution of, for example, full high vision, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher. Further, the screen size of the display unit may be 20 inches or more diagonal, 30 inches or more diagonal, 50 inches diagonal, 60 inches diagonal, or 70 inches diagonal.

  Examples of electronic devices include relatively large screens such as television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage (digital signage), and large game machines such as pachinko machines. In addition to the electronic devices provided, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a portable information terminal, a sound reproduction device, and the like can be given.

  The electronic device or the lighting device of one embodiment of the present invention can be incorporated along an inner wall or an outer wall of a house or a building, or a curved surface of an interior or exterior of an automobile.

  The electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include an antenna. By receiving a signal with an antenna, video, information, and the like can be displayed on the display unit. In the case where the electronic device has an antenna and a secondary battery, the antenna may be used for non-contact power transmission.

  The electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a sensor (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, It may have a function of measuring voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared).

  The electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a variety of functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for executing various software (programs), and wireless communication It can have a function, a function of reading a program or data recorded in a recording medium, and the like.

  FIG. 19A illustrates an example of a television set. In the television device 7100, a display portion 7000 is incorporated in a housing 7101. Here, a structure in which the housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.

  Operation of the television device 7100 illustrated in FIG. 19A can be performed with an operation switch included in the housing 7101 or a separate remote controller 7111. Alternatively, the display unit 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and may be operated by touching the display unit 7000 with a finger or the like. The remote controller 7111 may include a display unit that displays information output from the remote controller 7111. Channels and volume can be operated with an operation key or a touch panel included in the remote controller 7111, and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.

  Note that the television device 7100 is provided with a receiver, a modem, and the like. A general television broadcast can be received by the receiver. In addition, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, information communication is performed in one direction (from the sender to the receiver) or in two directions (between the sender and the receiver or between the receivers). It is also possible.

  FIG. 19B illustrates a laptop personal computer 7200. A laptop personal computer 7200 includes a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like. A display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.

  FIGS. 19C and 19D show examples of digital signage (digital signage).

  A digital signage 7300 illustrated in FIG. 19C includes a housing 7301, a display portion 7000, a speaker 7303, and the like. Furthermore, an LED lamp, operation keys (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals, various sensors, a microphone, and the like can be provided.

  FIG. 19D illustrates a digital signage 7400 attached to a columnar column 7401. The digital signage 7400 includes a display portion 7000 provided along the curved surface of the column 7401.

  19C and 19D, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000.

  The wider the display unit 7000, the more information can be provided at one time. In addition, the wider the display unit 7000, the more easily noticeable to the human eye. For example, the advertising effect can be enhanced. The display unit 7000 preferably includes a touch panel. The user can provide detailed information to the user by using a display area 7001 in a part of the display unit 7000 by touching a part of the display unit 7000.

  By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only an image or a moving image is displayed on the display unit 7000, but also a user can operate intuitively, which is preferable. In addition, when it is used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be improved by an intuitive operation.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 19C and 19D, the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can be linked with an information terminal 7311 such as a smartphone possessed by the user or the information terminal 7411 by wireless communication. Is preferred. For example, advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411. Further, by operating the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411, the display of the display unit 7000 can be switched.

  In addition, the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 as an operation unit (controller or touch panel). Thereby, an unspecified number of users can participate and enjoy the game at the same time.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 6)
In this embodiment, a display panel 300 which is a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

<Configuration example of display panel>
FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view of a display panel 300 of one embodiment of the present invention. The display panel 300 has a structure in which a substrate 351 and a substrate 361 are attached to each other. In FIG. 20, the substrate 361 is indicated by a broken line.

  The display panel 300 includes a display portion 362, a circuit 364, a wiring 365, and the like. The substrate 351 is provided with, for example, a circuit 364, a wiring 365, a conductive layer 311b functioning as a pixel electrode, and the like. FIG. 20 shows an example in which an IC 373 and an FPC 372 are mounted on a substrate 351. Therefore, the structure illustrated in FIG. 20 can also be referred to as a display module including the display panel 300, the FPC 372, and the IC 373.

  As the circuit 364, for example, a circuit functioning as a scan line driver circuit can be used.

  The wiring 365 has a function of supplying a signal and power to the display portion and the circuit 364. The signal and power are input to the wiring 365 from the outside or the IC 373 via the FPC 372.

  20 illustrates an example in which the IC 373 is provided on the substrate 351 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like. As the IC 373, for example, an IC having a function as a scan line driver circuit, a wiring driver circuit, or the like can be used. Note that in the case where the display panel 300 includes a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit and a wiring driver circuit, or a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit or a wiring driver circuit is provided outside and the display panel 300 is driven via the FPC 372. For example, the IC 373 may be omitted. Further, the IC 373 may be mounted on the FPC 372 by a COF (Chip On Film) method or the like.

  FIG. 20 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 362. In the display portion 362, conductive layers 311b included in the plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix. The conductive layer 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflective electrode of a liquid crystal element 340 described later.

  As shown in FIG. 20, the conductive layer 311b has an opening. Further, the light-emitting element 360 is provided on the substrate 351 side of the conductive layer 311b. Light from the light-emitting element 360 is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the opening of the conductive layer 311b.

  An input device 366 can be provided over the substrate 361. For example, a structure may be employed in which a sheet-like capacitive touch sensor is provided over the display portion 362. Alternatively, a touch sensor may be provided between the substrate 361 and the substrate 351. In the case where a touch sensor is provided between the substrate 361 and the substrate 351, an optical touch sensor using a photoelectric conversion element may be used in addition to the capacitive touch sensor.

<Cross-section configuration example 1>
FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a cross section of the display panel 300 illustrated in FIG. 20 when a part of the region including the FPC 372, a part of the region including the circuit 364, and a part of the region including the display portion 362 are cut. Show.

  Here, the display panel 300 illustrated in FIG. 21 includes a layer 701 and a layer 702. The layer 701 includes a transistor and a light-emitting element 360. The layer 702 includes the liquid crystal element 340.

  The display panel of one embodiment of the present invention may have a structure without the layer 702. In that case, a structure in which the transistor for driving the liquid crystal element 340 is not included among the transistors in the layer 701 may be employed.

  The light-emitting element 360 can be applied to the display element 862 and the display element 864 described in the above embodiment. In addition to the structures illustrated in FIG. 21 and FIGS. 22 and 23 described later, a layer including a transistor and a layer including a light-emitting element may be further provided above the light-emitting element 360.

  The display panel includes an insulating layer 220 between the substrate 351 and the substrate 361. In addition, the light-emitting element 360, the transistor 201, the transistor 205, the transistor 206, the coloring layer 134, and the like are provided between the substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220. In addition, a liquid crystal element 340, a coloring layer 135, and the like are provided between the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 361. In addition, the substrate 361 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 143, and the substrate 351 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 142.

  The transistor 206 is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340, and the transistor 205 is electrically connected to the light-emitting element 360. Since both the transistor 205 and the transistor 206 are formed over the surface of the insulating layer 220 on the substrate 351 side, they can be manufactured using the same process.

  The substrate 361 is provided with a coloring layer 135, a light-blocking layer 136, an insulating layer 125, a conductive layer 313 functioning as a common electrode of the liquid crystal element 340, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, and the like. The insulating layer 117 functions as a spacer for maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 340.

  On the substrate 351 side of the insulating layer 220, insulating layers such as an insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, an insulating layer 214, and an insulating layer 215 are provided. A part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor. The insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 are provided so as to cover each transistor. An insulating layer 215 is provided to cover the insulating layer 214. The insulating layer 214 and the insulating layer 215 function as a planarization layer. Note that although the case where the insulating layer covering the transistor and the like has three layers of the insulating layer 212, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 214 is described here, the number of layers is not limited to this, and four or more layers may be used. There may be a layer or two layers. The insulating layer 214 functioning as a planarization layer is not necessarily provided if not necessary.

  The transistor 201, the transistor 205, and the transistor 206 include a conductive layer 221 that partially functions as a gate, a conductive layer 222 that partially functions as a source or a drain, and a semiconductor layer 231. Here, the same hatching pattern is given to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.

  The liquid crystal element 340 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 340 has a stacked structure in which a conductive layer 370, a liquid crystal 312, and a conductive layer 313 are stacked. In addition, a conductive layer 311b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with the conductive layer 370 on the substrate 351 side. The conductive layer 311b has an opening 251. Further, the conductive layer 370 and the conductive layer 313 include a material that transmits visible light. An alignment film 133 a is provided between the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 370, and an alignment film 133 b is provided between the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 313.

  A light diffusion plate 129 and a polarizing plate 140 are disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 361. As the polarizing plate 140, a linear polarizing plate may be used, but a circular polarizing plate can also be used. As a circularly-polarizing plate, what laminated | stacked the linearly-polarizing plate and the quarter wavelength phase difference plate, for example can be used. Thereby, external light reflection can be suppressed. In addition, a light diffusing plate 129 is provided to suppress external light reflection. In addition, a desired contrast may be realized by adjusting a cell gap, an alignment, a driving voltage, and the like of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 340 depending on the type of the polarizing plate.

  In the liquid crystal element 340, the conductive layer 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and the conductive layer 313 has a function of transmitting visible light. Light incident from the substrate 361 side is polarized by the polarizing plate 140, passes through the conductive layer 313 and the liquid crystal 312, and is reflected by the conductive layer 311b. Then, the light passes through the liquid crystal 312 and the conductive layer 313 again and reaches the polarizing plate 140. At this time, alignment of liquid crystal can be controlled by a voltage applied between the conductive layer 311b and the conductive layer 313, and optical modulation of light can be controlled. That is, the intensity of light emitted through the polarizing plate 140 can be controlled. In addition, light that is not in a specific wavelength region is absorbed by the colored layer 135, so that the extracted light is, for example, red light.

  The light emitting element 360 is a bottom emission type light emitting element. The light-emitting element 360 has a stacked structure in which the conductive layer 191, the EL layer 192, and the conductive layer 193b are stacked in this order from the insulating layer 220 side. A conductive layer 193a is provided to cover the conductive layer 193b. The conductive layer 193b includes a material that reflects visible light, and the conductive layer 191 and the conductive layer 193a include a material that transmits visible light. Light emitted from the light-emitting element 360 is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the coloring layer 134, the insulating layer 220, the opening 251, the conductive layer 313, and the like.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 21, a conductive layer 370 that transmits visible light is preferably provided in the opening 251. Accordingly, since the liquid crystal 312 is aligned in the region overlapping with the opening 251 similarly to the other regions, it is possible to suppress the alignment failure of the liquid crystal at the boundary between these regions and the leakage of unintended light.

  An insulating layer 217 is provided over the insulating layer 216 that covers the end portion of the conductive layer 191. The insulating layer 217 has a function as a spacer for suppressing the insulating layer 220 and the substrate 351 from approaching more than necessary. In the case where the EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193a are formed using a shielding mask (metal mask), the EL layer 192 and the conductive layer 193a may have a function of suppressing contact of the shielding mask with a formation surface. Note that the insulating layer 217 is not necessarily provided if not necessary.

  One of a source and a drain of the transistor 205 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 191 of the light-emitting element 360 through the conductive layer 224.

  One of a source and a drain of the transistor 206 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 311b through the connection portion 207. The conductive layer 311b and the conductive layer 370 are provided in contact with each other and are electrically connected. Here, the connection portion 207 is a portion that connects the conductive layers provided on both surfaces of the insulating layer 220 through openings provided in the insulating layer 220.

  A connection portion 204 is provided in a region where the substrate 351 and the substrate 361 do not overlap. The connection portion 204 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 through the connection layer 242. The connection unit 204 has the same configuration as the connection unit 207. A conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 370 is exposed on the upper surface of the connection portion 204. Accordingly, the connection unit 204 and the FPC 372 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.

  A connection portion 252 is provided in a part of the region where the adhesive layer 143 is provided. In the connection portion 252, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 370 and a part of the conductive layer 313 are electrically connected by a connection body 243. Therefore, a signal or a potential input from the FPC 372 connected to the substrate 351 side can be supplied to the conductive layer 313 formed on the substrate 361 side through the connection portion 252.

  As the connection body 243, for example, conductive particles can be used. As the conductive particles, those obtained by coating the surface of particles such as an organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. In addition, it is preferable to use particles in which two or more kinds of metal materials are coated in layers, such as further coating nickel with gold. Further, as the connection body 243, a material that is elastically deformed or plastically deformed is preferably used. At this time, the connection body 243, which is a conductive particle, may have a shape crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. By doing so, the contact area between the connection body 243 and the conductive layer electrically connected to the connection body 243 can be increased, the contact resistance can be reduced, and the occurrence of problems such as connection failure can be suppressed.

  The connection body 243 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 143. For example, the connection body 243 may be dispersed in the adhesive layer 143 before curing.

  FIG. 21 illustrates an example in which the transistor 201 is provided as an example of the circuit 364.

  In FIG. 21, as an example of the transistor 201 and the transistor 205, a structure in which a semiconductor layer 231 where a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied. One gate is formed of a conductive layer 221, and the other gate is formed of a conductive layer 223 that overlaps with the semiconductor layer 231 with an insulating layer 212 interposed therebetween. With such a structure, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled. At this time, the transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and supplying the same signal thereto. Such a transistor can have higher field-effect mobility than other transistors, and can increase on-state current. As a result, a circuit that can be driven at high speed can be manufactured. Furthermore, the area occupied by the circuit portion can be reduced. By applying a transistor with a large on-state current, signal delay in each wiring can be reduced and display unevenness can be suppressed even if the number of wirings is increased when the display panel is increased in size or definition. can do.

  Note that the transistor included in the circuit 364 and the transistor included in the display portion 362 may have the same structure. In addition, the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 364 may have the same structure or may be combined with different structures. In addition, the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 362 may have the same structure or may be combined with transistors having different structures.

  At least one of the insulating layer 212 and the insulating layer 213 that covers each transistor is preferably formed using a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen hardly diffuse. That is, the insulating layer 212 or the insulating layer 213 can function as a barrier film. With such a structure, it is possible to effectively prevent impurities from diffusing from the outside to the transistor, and a highly reliable display panel can be realized.

  On the substrate 361 side, an insulating layer 125 is provided so as to cover the coloring layer 135 and the light shielding layer 136. The insulating layer 125 may function as a planarization layer. Since the surface of the conductive layer 313 can be substantially flattened by the insulating layer 125, the alignment state of the liquid crystal 312 can be made uniform.

<Cross-section configuration example 2>
The display panel shown in FIG. 22 is an example in which a top-gate transistor is applied to each transistor in the structure shown in FIG. In this manner, by applying a top-gate transistor, parasitic capacitance can be reduced, so that a display frame frequency can be increased.

  The transistor included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention functions as a conductive layer functioning as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a conductive layer functioning as a source electrode, a conductive layer functioning as a drain electrode, and a gate insulating layer. And an insulating layer. Note that there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor.

  For example, as in the modification example of the cross-sectional configuration example 1 illustrated in FIG. 23, the elements included in the transistors 205 and 206 and the connection portion 207 can be formed using a light-transmitting conductor. By omitting the conductive layer 311b from the cross-sectional configuration example 1, light emitted from the light-emitting element 360 can pass through some or all of the transistors 205 and 206 and the connection portion 207. In addition, light incident from the substrate 361 side and transmitted through the liquid crystal 312 can be reflected by the conductive layer 311b. Note that in order to improve the reliability of the transistors 205 and 206, one or both of the conductive layer functioning as a gate electrode and the conductive layer functioning as a back gate electrode are formed using a layer having no light-transmitting property, such as a metal. May be.

Each insulating layer is made of aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum oxynitride, magnesium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxynitride, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide A material selected from neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, aluminum silicate, or the like is used as a single layer or a stacked layer. Alternatively, a material obtained by mixing a plurality of materials among oxide materials, nitride materials, oxynitride materials, and nitride oxide materials may be used. Note that in this specification, a nitrided oxide refers to a compound having a higher nitrogen content than oxygen. Further, oxynitride refers to a compound having a higher oxygen content than nitrogen. The content of each element can be measured using, for example, Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS).

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with at least part of the other embodiments described in this specification.

(Embodiment 7)
In this embodiment, a television device of one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 24A shows a block diagram of a television device 600.

In the drawings attached to the present specification, the components are classified by function and the block diagram is shown as an independent block. However, it is difficult to completely separate actual components by function. A component may be involved in multiple functions.

The television apparatus 600 includes a control unit 601, a storage unit 602, a communication control unit 603, an image processing circuit 604, a decoder circuit 605, a video signal receiving unit 606, a timing controller 607, a source driver 608, a gate driver 609, a display panel 620, and the like. Have

The display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 620 in FIG. Accordingly, it is possible to realize a television device 600 that is large and has high resolution and high display quality.

The control unit 601 can function as, for example, a central processing unit (CPU). For example, the control unit 601 has a function of controlling components such as the storage unit 602, the communication control unit 603, the image processing circuit 604, the decoder circuit 605, and the video signal receiving unit 606 via the system bus 630.

A signal is transmitted between the control unit 601 and each component via the system bus 630. In addition, the control unit 601 has a function of processing a signal input from each component connected via the system bus 630, a function of generating a signal output to each component, and the like, thereby being connected to the system bus 630. Each component can be controlled centrally.

The storage unit 602 functions as a register, a cache memory, a main memory, a secondary memory, or the like that can be accessed by the control unit 601 and the image processing circuit 604.

As a storage device that can be used as the secondary memory, for example, a storage device to which a rewritable nonvolatile storage element is applied can be used. For example, a flash memory, an MRAM (Magnetostatic Random Access Memory), a PRAM (Phase change RAM), a ReRAM (Resistivity RAM), an FeRAM (Ferroelectric RAM), or the like can be used.

In addition, as a storage device that can be used as a temporary memory such as a register, a cache memory, or a main memory, a volatile storage element such as a DRAM (Dynamic RAM) or an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) may be used.

For example, as a RAM provided in the main memory, for example, a DRAM is used, and a memory space is virtually allocated and used as a work space of the control unit 601. The operating system, application program, program module, program data, etc. stored in the storage unit 602 are loaded into the RAM for execution. These data, programs, and program modules loaded in the RAM are directly accessed and operated by the control unit 601.

On the other hand, the ROM can store BIOS (Basic Input / Output System), firmware and the like that do not require rewriting. As the ROM, a mask ROM, an OTPROM (One Time Programmable Read Only Memory), an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), or the like can be used. Examples of EPROM include UV-EPROM (Ultra-Violet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) capable of erasing stored data by ultraviolet irradiation.

In addition to the storage unit 602, a removable storage device may be connected. For example, it has a terminal for connecting to a recording medium drive such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid state drive (SSD) that functions as a storage device, a recording medium such as a flash memory, a Blu-ray disc, or a DVD. Is preferred. Thereby, a video can be recorded.

The communication control unit 603 has a function of controlling communication performed via a computer network. For example, the control signal for connecting to the computer network is controlled in accordance with a command from the control unit 601, and the signal is transmitted to the computer network. As a result, the Internet, intranet, extranet, PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), CAN (Camper Area Network, and MAN (MetroApolNetwork), which are the foundations of the World Wide Web (WWW). Communication can be performed by connecting to a computer network such as Wide Area Network (GA) or GAN (Global Area Network).

  In addition, the communication control unit 603 has a function of communicating with a computer network or other electronic devices using a communication standard such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark), or the like. You may have.

The communication control unit 603 may have a function of communicating wirelessly. For example, an antenna and a high frequency circuit (RF circuit) may be provided to transmit and receive an RF signal. The high-frequency circuit is a circuit for mutually converting an electromagnetic signal and an electric signal in a frequency band determined by the legislation of each country and performing communication with other communication devices wirelessly using the electromagnetic signal. Several tens of kHz to several tens of GHz is generally used as a practical frequency band. The high-frequency circuit connected to the antenna includes a high-frequency circuit unit corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands, and the high-frequency circuit unit includes an amplifier (amplifier), a mixer, a filter, a DSP, an RF transceiver, and the like. it can.

The video signal receiving unit 606 includes, for example, an antenna, a demodulation circuit, an A / D conversion circuit (analog-digital conversion circuit), and the like. The demodulation circuit has a function of demodulating a signal input from the antenna. The A-D conversion circuit has a function of converting the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. The signal processed by the video signal receiving unit 606 is sent to the decoder circuit 605.

The decoder circuit 605 has a function of decoding video data included in a digital signal input from the video signal receiving unit 606 in accordance with the specification of a broadcast standard to be transmitted, and generating a signal to be transmitted to the image processing circuit. For example, as a broadcasting standard in 8K broadcasting, H.264 265 | MPEG-H High Efficiency Video Coding (abbreviation: HEVC).

Examples of broadcast radio waves that can be received by the antenna included in the video signal receiving unit 606 include ground waves or radio waves transmitted from satellites. Broadcast radio waves that can be received by an antenna include analog broadcast and digital broadcast, and also includes video and audio, or audio-only broadcast. For example, broadcast radio waves transmitted in a specific frequency band in the UHF band (about 300 MHz to 3 GHz) or the VHF band (30 MHz to 300 MHz) can be received. In addition, for example, by using a plurality of data received in a plurality of frequency bands, the transfer rate can be increased and more information can be obtained. Accordingly, an image having a resolution exceeding full high-definition can be displayed on the display panel 620. For example, an image having a resolution of 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher can be displayed.

Further, the video signal receiving unit 606 and the decoder circuit 605 may be configured to generate a signal to be transmitted to the image processing circuit 604 using broadcast data transmitted by a data transmission technique via a computer network. At this time, when the signal to be received is a digital signal, the video signal receiving unit 606 may not include a demodulation circuit, an A-D conversion circuit, and the like.

The image processing circuit 604 has a function of generating a video signal to be output to the timing controller 607 based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605.

The timing controller 607 generates a signal (a signal such as a clock signal or a start pulse signal) to be output to the gate driver 609 and the source driver 608 based on the synchronization signal included in the video signal processed by the image processing circuit 604. It has the function to do. The timing controller 607 has a function of generating a video signal to be output to the source driver 608 in addition to the above signals.

The display panel 620 includes a plurality of pixels 621. Each pixel 621 is driven by signals supplied from the gate driver 609 and the source driver 608. Here, an example of a display panel having a resolution according to the 8K4K standard having the number of pixels of 7680 × 4320 is shown. Note that the resolution of the display panel 620 is not limited to this, and may be a resolution according to a standard such as full high-definition (pixel number 1920 × 1080) or 4K2K (pixel number 3840 × 2160).

As the control unit 601 and the image processing circuit 604 illustrated in FIG. 24A, for example, a structure including a processor can be employed. For example, the control unit 601 can use a processor that functions as a CPU. Further, as the image processing circuit 604, for example, other processors such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) can be used. In addition, the control unit 601 and the image processing circuit 604 may have a configuration in which the processor is realized by a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array).

The processor performs various data processing and program control by interpreting and executing instructions from various programs. The program that can be executed by the processor may be stored in a memory area of the processor, or may be stored in a storage device provided separately.

In addition, two or more functions among the functions of the control unit 601, the storage unit 602, the communication control unit 603, the image processing circuit 604, the decoder circuit 605, the video signal receiving unit 606, and the timing controller 607 are provided. A system LSI may be configured by concentrating on one IC chip. For example, a system LSI including a processor, a decoder circuit, a tuner circuit, an A / D conversion circuit, a DRAM, and an SRAM may be used.

Note that a transistor in which an oxide semiconductor is used for a channel formation region and an extremely low off-state current is realized can be used for the controller 601, an IC included in another component, or the like. Since the transistor has extremely low off-state current, the use of the transistor as a switch for holding charge (data) flowing into the capacitor functioning as a memory element can ensure a data holding period for a long time. it can. By using this characteristic for a register such as the control unit 601 or a cache memory, the control unit 601 is operated only when necessary, and in other cases, information on the immediately preceding process is saved in the storage element, so that it is normally. Off-computing becomes possible. Thereby, the power consumption of the television apparatus 600 can be reduced.

Note that the structure of the television device 600 in FIG. 24A is just an example, and it is not necessary to include all of the components. The television device 600 only needs to include necessary components from among the components illustrated in FIG. In addition, the television device 600 may include a component other than the components illustrated in FIG.

For example, the television device 600 may include an external interface, an audio output unit, a touch panel unit, a sensor unit, a camera unit, and the like in addition to the configuration illustrated in FIG. For example, as an external interface, for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) terminal, a LAN (Local Area Network) connection terminal, a power receiving terminal, an audio output terminal, an audio input terminal, an image output terminal, an image input terminal, etc. External connection terminals, transceivers for optical communication using infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, etc., physical buttons provided on the housing, and the like. For example, the sound input / output unit includes a sound controller, a microphone, a speaker, and the like.

Hereinafter, the image processing circuit 604 will be described in more detail.

The image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of executing image processing based on the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605.

Examples of image processing include noise removal processing, gradation conversion processing, color tone correction processing, and luminance correction processing. Examples of color tone correction processing and luminance adjustment processing include gamma correction.

The image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of executing processing such as inter-pixel interpolation processing associated with resolution up-conversion and inter-frame interpolation processing associated with frame frequency up-conversion.

For example, as noise removal processing, various noises such as mosquito noise generated around the outline of characters, block noise generated in high-speed moving images, flickering random noise, and dot noise generated by resolution up-conversion are removed.

The gradation conversion process is a process for converting the gradation of an image into a gradation corresponding to the output characteristics of the display panel 620. For example, when the number of gradations is increased, a process for smoothing the histogram can be performed by interpolating and assigning gradation values corresponding to each pixel to an image input with a small number of gradations. Further, the dynamic range (HDR) process for expanding the dynamic range is also included in the gradation conversion process.

The inter-pixel interpolation process interpolates data that does not originally exist when the resolution is up-converted. For example, referring to pixels around the target pixel, the data is interpolated so as to display the intermediate colors.

The color tone correction process is a process for correcting the color tone of an image. The brightness correction process is a process for correcting the brightness (brightness contrast) of the image. For example, the type, brightness, or color purity of the illumination in the space where the television apparatus 600 is provided is detected, and the brightness and color tone of the image displayed on the display panel 620 are corrected accordingly. Or, it has a function to compare the image to be displayed with the images of various scenes in the image list stored in advance, and to correct the image displayed with brightness and color tone suitable for the image of the closest scene. May be.

Interframe interpolation generates an image of a frame (interpolation frame) that does not originally exist when the frame frequency of a video to be displayed is increased. For example, an interpolation frame image to be inserted between two images is generated from the difference between two images. Alternatively, an image of a plurality of interpolation frames can be generated between two images. For example, when the frame frequency of the video signal input from the decoder circuit 605 is 60 Hz, the frame frequency of the video signal output to the timing controller 607 is doubled by 120 Hz by generating a plurality of interpolation frames, or It can be increased to 4 times 240 Hz or 8 times 480 Hz.

The image processing circuit 604 preferably has a function of executing image processing using a neural network. FIG. 24A illustrates an example in which the image processing circuit 604 includes a neural network 610.

For example, the neural network 610 can perform feature extraction from image data included in a video, for example. The image processing circuit 604 can select an optimal correction method according to the extracted features, or can select parameters used for correction.

Alternatively, the neural network 610 itself may have a function of performing image processing. That is, the image data that has been subjected to image processing may be output by inputting the image data before being subjected to image processing to the neural network 610.

In addition, weight coefficient data used for the neural network 610 is stored in the storage unit 602 as a data table. The data table including the weighting coefficient can be updated to the latest one via the computer network by the communication control unit 603, for example. Alternatively, the image processing circuit 604 may have a learning function so that a data table including a weighting factor can be updated.

FIG. 24B shows a schematic diagram of a neural network 610 included in the image processing circuit 604.

In this specification and the like, a neural network refers to a general model that imitates a biological neural network, determines the connection strength between neurons by learning, and has problem solving ability. The neural network has an input layer, an intermediate layer (also referred to as a hidden layer), and an output layer. A neural network having two or more intermediate layers is called deep learning (or deep neural network (DNN)).

In this specification and the like, when describing a neural network, determining the connection strength (also referred to as a weighting factor) between neurons from existing information may be referred to as “learning”. Further, in this specification and the like, there is a case where “inference” refers to constructing a neural network using the connection strength obtained by learning and deriving a new conclusion therefrom.

The neural network 610 includes an input layer 611, one or more intermediate layers 612, and an output layer 613. Input data is input to the input layer 611. Output data is output from the output layer 613.

The input layer 611, the intermediate layer 612, and the output layer 613 each have a neuron 615. Here, the neuron 615 indicates a circuit element (product-sum operation element) capable of realizing product-sum operation. In FIG. 24, the input / output direction of data between two neurons 615 included in two layers is indicated by arrows.

Arithmetic processing in each layer is executed by a product-sum operation between the output of the neuron 615 included in the previous layer and the weight coefficient. For example, if the output of the i-th neuron in the input layer is x _i and the connection strength (weighting coefficient) between the output x _i and the j-th neuron in the next intermediate layer 612 is w _ji , The output of the neuron is y _j = f (Σw _ji · x _i ). Note that i and j are integers of 1 or more. Here, f (x) is an activation function, and a sigmoid function, a threshold function, or the like can be used. Similarly, the output of the neuron 615 of each layer is a value obtained by calculating the activation function on the product-sum operation result of the output of the neuron 615 of the previous layer and the weight coefficient. The connection between layers may be a total connection in which all neurons are connected, or a partial connection in which some neurons are connected.

FIG. 24B illustrates an example having three intermediate layers 612. Note that the number of the intermediate layers 612 is not limited to this, and it is only necessary to include one or more intermediate layers. In addition, the number of neurons included in one intermediate layer 612 may be changed as appropriate according to specifications. For example, the number of neurons 615 included in one intermediate layer 612 may be larger or smaller than the number of neurons 615 included in the input layer 611 or the output layer 613.

A weighting factor that is an index of the strength of connection between the neurons 615 is determined by learning. The learning may be executed by a processor included in the television apparatus 600, but is preferably executed by a computer having an excellent arithmetic processing capability such as a dedicated server or a cloud. The weighting coefficient determined by learning is stored in the storage unit 602 as a table and is used by being read out by the image processing circuit 604. The table can be updated via a computer network as necessary.

This embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments as appropriate.

AL1 Anode line AL2 Anode line GL1 Gate line GL2 Gate line GL3 Gate line GL4 Gate line SL1 Source line SL2 Source line SL3 Source line SL4 Source line SL5 Source line SL6 Source line SL8 Source line 63 Transistor 65 Transistor 66 Transistor 71 Display Element 72 Display element 100 Display device 101 Display 101 Display unit 102 Display unit 102i Driving circuit 102v Driving circuit 103 Driving circuit 103i Driving circuit 103v Driving circuit 104 Control circuit 105 Sensor 106 Signal 111 Image 112 Image 113 Image 114 Region 117 Insulating layer 125 Insulating Layer 129 Light diffusion plate 133a Alignment film 133b Alignment film 134 Colored layer 135 Colored layer 136 Light blocking layer 140 Polarizing plate 142 Adhesive layer 143 Adhesive layer 191 Conductive layer 192 EL 193a conductive layer 193b conductive layer 201 transistor 204 connection portion 205 transistor 206 transistor 207 connection portion 211 insulation layer 212 insulation layer 213 insulation layer 214 insulation layer 215 insulation layer 216 insulation layer 217 insulation layer 220 insulation layer 221 conduction layer 222 conduction layer 223 conduction Layer 224 conductive layer 231 semiconductor layer 242 connection layer 243 connection body 251 opening 252 connection part 300 display panel 311b conductive layer 312 liquid crystal 313 conductive layer 340 liquid crystal element 351 substrate 360 light emitting element 361 substrate 362 display part 364 circuit 365 wiring 366 input device 370 Conductive layer 372 FPC
373 IC
600 Television apparatus 601 Control unit 602 Storage unit 603 Communication control unit 604 Image processing circuit 605 Decoder circuit 606 Video signal reception unit 607 Timing controller 608 Source driver 609 Gate driver 610 Neural network 611 Input layer 612 Intermediate layer 613 Output layer 615 Neuron 620 Display panel 621 Pixel 630 System bus 701 Layer 702 Layer 851 Optical film 853 Substrate 854 Insulating layer 855 Colored layer 856 Display element 857 Reflective electrode 858 Insulating layer 859 Insulating layer 860 Colored layer 860B Colored layer 860G Colored layer 860R Colored layer 861 Transistor layer 861a Electrode 861b EL layer 861c Electrode 862 Display element 862a Electrode 862b EL layer 862c Electrode 862d Transflective electrode 863 Transistor layer 863 EL layer 864 Display element 864a Electrode 864b EL layer 864c Electrode 864d Transflective electrode 865 Substrate 866 Light source 871 Element 872 Element 880 Pixel 881 Subpixel 881B Subpixel 881G Subpixel 881I Subpixel 881R Subpixel 882 Electrode 920 Light 920 Electronic device 921a Body 921b Housing 922 Display unit 923 Hinge 925 Stylus 928 Camera 929 Illuminance sensor 5200 Portable information terminal 5201 Housing 5202 Display unit 5203 Belt 5204 Area 5205 Switch 5300 Personal computer 5301 Housing 5302 Housing 5303 Display unit 5305 Illuminance sensor 5306 Switch 5307 Hinge 5309 Area 5700 Portable information terminal 5701 Case 5702 Display unit 5704 Illuminance sensor 5900 Mobile phone 5901 Case 5902 Display unit 5903 Camera 5904 Speaker 5905 Button 5906 External connection unit 5907 Microphone 5910 Illuminance sensor 7000 Display unit 7001 Display area 7100 Television device 7101 Case 7103 Stand 7111 Remote control device 7200 Notebook personal computer 7211 Case 7212 Keyboard 7213 Pointing device 7214 External connection port 7300 Digital signage 7301 Case 7303 Speaker 7311 Information terminal 7400 Digital signage 7401 Pillar 7411 Information terminal 53000 Personal computer

Claims (13)

A plurality of pixels arranged, and
Each of the arranged pixels has a first subpixel and a second subpixel,
The first sub-pixel has a function of emitting infrared light;
The second subpixel is a display device having a function of emitting light having a wavelength shorter than that of the first display region. In claim 1,
The second sub-pixel is a display device having a function of emitting one or more of light corresponding to red, light corresponding to green, and light corresponding to blue. In claim 2,
The second subpixel includes a color filter,
The color filter is a display device having a function of transmitting at least one of light corresponding to red, light corresponding to green, and light corresponding to blue. In claim 3,
The first subpixel and the second subpixel share an EL layer;
The color filter included in the second subpixel has a function of transmitting light corresponding to red,
The first sub-pixel includes a color filter;
The color filter included in the first subpixel has a function of transmitting light having a longer wavelength than the color filter included in the second subpixel. In claim 3 or claim 4,
The second subpixel includes an organic EL element,
The organic EL element is a display device having a tandem structure. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5,
The first subpixel includes an organic EL element,
The organic EL element is a display device having a function of emitting infrared light. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 6,
Have a sensor,
The sensor is a display device having at least one of a function of detecting illuminance, a function of detecting the orientation of the display unit, and a function of detecting sound. Having a display,
The display unit includes n sub-pixels having a function of emitting infrared light,
A first step in which, among the n subpixels, k subpixels are in an on state and (n−k) subpixels are in an off state;
A second step in which the n sub-pixels are in an off state,
The k sub-pixels form a first region in the display unit,
The display device driving method, wherein the first region is rectangular. In claim 8,
k is a driving method of a display device in which n is larger than 10% and smaller than 50%. In claim 9,
The n sub-pixels having a function of emitting visible light have a function of emitting at least one of light corresponding to red, light corresponding to green, and light corresponding to blue. Driving method. N sub-pixels having a function of emitting infrared light,
Among the n sub-pixels, b sub-pixels have a gradation value higher than half of all gradations, and (n−b) sub-pixels have gradation values less than half of all gradations. 1 step,
Among the n sub-pixels, c sub-pixels have a gradation value higher than half of all gradations, (n−c) sub-pixels have gradation values less than half of all gradations, and The number of c subpixels that do not match the b subpixels is greater than 30% of the c second step,
A third step of setting all of the n sub-pixels having a function of emitting infrared light to have a low gradation value of half or less of all gradations;
A driving method of a display device having Having a display,
The display unit includes n sub-pixels having a function of emitting infrared light,
A first step in which copy-prohibited content is displayed on the display unit;
A second step of activating the sensor;
The sensor detects an input, among the n subpixels, a subpixels are set to a gradation value higher than half of all gradations, and (n−b) subpixels are half of all gradations. A third step for lower gradation values;
Among the n sub-pixels, c sub-pixels have a gradation value higher than half of all gradations, (n−c) sub-pixels have gradation values less than half of all gradations, and a fourth step in which the number of c subpixels that does not match the b subpixels is greater than 30% of c,
A fifth step in which the input detected by the sensor in the third step is terminated, and in all the n sub-pixels, the gradation value is equal to or less than half of all gradations;
A driving method of a display device having In claim 12,
The method for driving a display device, wherein the sensor has one or more of a function of detecting illuminance, a function of detecting a direction of a display unit, and a function of detecting sound.

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