JP2018122208A - Method for reducing unburned carbon amount in coal ash - Google Patents
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、石炭焚き火力発電所や流動床燃焼炉などで発生する石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash generated in a coal-fired thermal power plant or a fluidized bed combustion furnace.
石炭焚き火力発電所や流動床燃焼炉などで発生する石炭灰を、コンクリート用混和材として利用することが検討されている。しかしながら、石炭灰は一般に未燃カーボンを含んでおり、この未燃カーボンが、他の混和材を吸着することがある。このため、石炭灰の未燃カーボン量が多いと、他の混和材の添加量を多くする必要が生じたり、コンクリートの流動性が変動することがある。また、未燃カーボン量が多い石炭灰を混和材として用いると、コンクリートの表面に未燃カーボンによる黒い斑点が生じ、硬化したコンクリートの見かけが悪くなる。このため、石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法が開発されている。
なお、ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０１（コンクリート用フライアッシュ）では、未燃カーボン量を含む強熱減量（ｉｇ．ｌｏｓｓ）が制限されている。
The use of coal ash generated in coal-fired thermal power plants and fluidized bed combustion furnaces as an admixture for concrete is being studied. However, coal ash generally contains unburned carbon, which can adsorb other admixtures. For this reason, if the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash is large, it may be necessary to increase the amount of other admixtures added, or the fluidity of concrete may fluctuate. Moreover, when coal ash with a large amount of unburned carbon is used as an admixture, black spots due to unburned carbon are generated on the surface of the concrete, and the appearance of the hardened concrete is deteriorated. For this reason, methods for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash have been developed.
In JIS A 6201 (concrete fly ash), ignition loss (ig.loss) including the amount of unburned carbon is limited.
石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法として、石炭灰と水を含むスラリーを調製し、未燃カーボンをスラリー中で浮遊させることによって回収する方法が知られている（特許文献１〜５）。また、石炭灰を加熱して、未燃カーボンを燃焼させる方法が知られている（特許文献６〜７）。さらに、未燃カーボン粒子と灰粒子とを互いに逆の電荷に摩擦帯電させ、電荷の極性を利用して未燃カーボンを灰粒子から分離する方法が知られている（特許文献８）。 As a method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash, a method is known in which a slurry containing coal ash and water is prepared, and the unburned carbon is recovered by floating in the slurry (Patent Documents 1 to 5). ). Moreover, the method of burning coal ash and burning unburned carbon is known (patent documents 6-7). Furthermore, a method is known in which unburned carbon particles and ash particles are triboelectrically charged to opposite charges, and unburned carbon is separated from ash particles using the polarity of the charges (Patent Document 8).
しかしながら、石炭灰と水を含むスラリーを調製する方法は、石炭灰を粉体として再利用する際に乾燥する必要があるため、時間がかかる。また未燃カーボンを燃焼させる方法は、石炭灰を加熱するための熱源（燃料）が必要となるため、処理費用が高価となる。さらに、未燃カーボン粒子と灰粒子とを互いに逆の電荷に摩擦帯電させる方法は、高圧の電気を使用するため、特別な処理装置が必要となり、また処理費用が高価となる。 However, the method of preparing a slurry containing coal ash and water takes time because it needs to be dried when the coal ash is reused as a powder. Moreover, since the method of burning unburned carbon requires a heat source (fuel) for heating coal ash, the processing cost becomes expensive. Furthermore, the method of triboelectrically charging unburned carbon particles and ash particles to opposite charges uses high-voltage electricity, so that a special processing device is required and the processing cost is high.
本発明は、前述した事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、比較的簡単な装置を用いて、短時間で石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させることができる方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a method capable of reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash in a short time using a relatively simple device. And
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法は、未燃カーボンを含有する石炭灰と、含水率が５質量％以下の有機物粒子とを乾式混合して、前記未燃カーボンを有機物粒子に付着させる混合工程と、前記石炭灰と、前記未燃カーボンを付着した前記有機物粒子とを分離する分離工程と、を備えることを特徴としている。 In order to solve the above problems, the method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash according to the present invention is a dry mixing of coal ash containing unburned carbon and organic particles having a moisture content of 5% by mass or less. The mixing step for attaching the unburned carbon to the organic particles, and the separation step for separating the coal ash and the organic particles to which the unburned carbon is attached are provided.
このような構成とされた本発明の石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法によれば、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを乾式混合するので、後工程において乾燥を行う必要がない。また、混合工程にて、未燃カーボンを有機物粒子に付着させ、次の分離工程にて、石炭灰と、未燃カーボンを付着した有機物粒子とを分離するので、熱源を特には必要とせず、また高圧の電気を使用する特別な処理装置を使用する必要はない。 According to the method of reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash according to the present invention having such a configuration, the coal ash and the organic particles are dry-mixed, so that it is not necessary to perform drying in a subsequent process. Also, in the mixing step, unburned carbon is attached to the organic particles, and in the next separation step, coal ash and organic particles to which the unburned carbon is attached are separated, so a heat source is not particularly required, Moreover, it is not necessary to use a special processing apparatus that uses high-voltage electricity.
ここで、本発明の石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法において、前記有機物粒子は、樹脂粒子またはゴム粒子であることが好ましい。
この場合、混合工程において、有機物粒子に未燃カーボンを効率よく付着させることができるので、石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を確実に低減させることができる。
Here, in the method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash of the present invention, the organic particles are preferably resin particles or rubber particles.
In this case, since unburned carbon can be efficiently adhered to the organic particles in the mixing step, the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash can be reliably reduced.
また、本発明の石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法において、前記有機物粒子は、平均粒子径が５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましい。
この場合、有機物粒子の粒子径が大きいので、分離工程において、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを分離しやすくなる。
In the method of reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash of the present invention, the organic particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 5 mm or more.
In this case, since the particle size of the organic particles is large, it becomes easy to separate the coal ash and the organic particles in the separation step.
さらに、本発明の石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法において、前記有機物粒子は、産業廃棄物の粉砕物であってもよい。
この場合、有機物粒子の材料コストを低く抑えることができる。
Furthermore, in the method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash of the present invention, the organic particles may be a pulverized product of industrial waste.
In this case, the material cost of the organic particles can be kept low.
本発明によれば、比較的簡単な装置を用いて、短時間で石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させることができる方法を提供することが可能となる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to provide the method which can reduce the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash in a short time using a comparatively simple apparatus.
以下に、本発明の実施形態である石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法について添付した図１を参照して説明する。
本実施形態で用いる石炭灰は、火力発電や流動床燃焼炉の燃料として使用された石炭が燃焼して生成した灰である。本実施形態で用いる石炭灰は、通常は未燃カーボンが２質量％以上１０質量％の範囲で含まれている。石炭灰は、粒子径が一般に０．１ｍｍ以下である。
Hereinafter, a method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash, which is an embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG.
The coal ash used in the present embodiment is ash generated by burning coal used as fuel for thermal power generation or fluidized bed combustion furnace. The coal ash used in the present embodiment usually contains unburned carbon in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%. Coal ash generally has a particle size of 0.1 mm or less.
本実施形態である石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法は、図１に示すように、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを乾式混合する混合工程Ｓ０１と、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを分離する分離工程Ｓ０２とを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash according to the present embodiment separates coal ash and organic particles from a mixing step S01 in which coal ash and organic particles are dry-mixed. And a separation step S02.
（混合工程Ｓ０１）
混合工程Ｓ０１において用いる有機物粒子は、含水率が５質量％以下とされており、石炭灰とを混合することによって、粒子間の摩擦や粒子と容器壁面との摩擦により粒子表面が帯電するものである。有機物粒子の表面が帯電することによって、有機物粒子の表面に石炭灰に含まれている未燃カーボンが付着し易くなる。有機物粒子の含水率が５質量％を超えると、水分を介して石炭灰が有機物粒子に付着し易くなるおそれがある。石炭灰が有機物粒子に付着していると、後述の分離工程Ｓ０２において、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを分離しにくくなるおそれがある。また、有機物粒子の表面が帯電しにくくなり、有機物粒子に未燃カーボンが付着しにくくなるおそれがある。
(Mixing step S01)
The organic particles used in the mixing step S01 have a water content of 5% by mass or less, and when the coal ash is mixed, the particle surface is charged by friction between the particles or friction between the particles and the container wall surface. is there. When the surface of the organic particles is charged, unburned carbon contained in the coal ash is easily attached to the surface of the organic particles. If the water content of the organic particles exceeds 5% by mass, the coal ash tends to adhere to the organic particles through moisture. If the coal ash adheres to the organic particles, it may be difficult to separate the coal ash and the organic particles in the separation step S02 described later. In addition, the surface of the organic particles is less likely to be charged, and unburned carbon may not easily adhere to the organic particles.
有機物粒子の含水率は、例えば、次のようにして測定できる。
まず、試料の有機物粒子の質量を測定する。次いで、有機物粒子を、乾燥器を用いて恒量になるまで乾燥する。そして、乾燥後の有機物粒子の質量を測定し、下記の式より含水率を算出する。
含水率（質量％）＝（Ｍ−Ｗ）／Ｍ×１００
ここで、Ｍは、試料の有機物粒子（乾燥前）の質量であり、Ｗは、乾燥後の有機物粒子の質量である。
The water content of the organic particles can be measured, for example, as follows.
First, the mass of the organic particles of the sample is measured. Next, the organic particles are dried to a constant weight using a dryer. And the mass of the organic substance particle | grains after drying is measured, and a moisture content is computed from a following formula.
Moisture content (mass%) = (M−W) / M × 100
Here, M is the mass of the organic particles (before drying) of the sample, and W is the mass of the organic particles after drying.
有機物粒子の形状に特に制限はない。有機物粒子は、例えば、球状、楕円体状、多角面体状、丸棒状、角棒状、円錐状、平板状、フレーク状、不定型状などの形状とすることができる。 There are no particular restrictions on the shape of the organic particles. The organic particles can be formed into, for example, a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a polygonal shape, a round bar shape, a square bar shape, a conical shape, a flat plate shape, a flake shape, an irregular shape, and the like.
有機物粒子としては、樹脂粒子およびゴム粒子を用いることができる。樹脂粒子の材料の例としては、フッ素樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、プロピレン樹脂、エチレン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、スチレン樹脂、エステル樹脂が挙げられる。ゴム粒子の材料の例としては、エボナイト、シリコーンゴム、天然ゴム、クロロプレンゴムが挙げられる。 Resin particles and rubber particles can be used as the organic particles. Examples of the material for the resin particles include fluororesin, vinyl chloride resin, propylene resin, ethylene resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, styrene resin, and ester resin. Examples of the rubber particle material include ebonite, silicone rubber, natural rubber, and chloroprene rubber.
有機物粒子として、廃棄処分されたプラスチック製品やゴム製品の粉砕物などの産業廃棄物を用いることができる。プラスチック製品の例としては、ビニール、包装用ラップ、軟・硬質プラスチック容器、クリアファイル、ＣＤ、ＤＶＤ、梱包材などが挙げられる。ゴム製品の例としてはタイヤ、ベルトなどが挙げられる。廃棄処分されたプラスチック製品やゴム製品には、水分が多量に付着しているものがあるため、これらの粉砕物を有機物粒子として利用する場合には、乾燥して含水率を５質量％以下に低減させることが必要である。 As the organic particles, industrial waste such as a crushed product of a discarded plastic product or rubber product can be used. Examples of plastic products include vinyl, packaging wrap, soft / hard plastic containers, clear files, CDs, DVDs, packing materials, and the like. Examples of rubber products include tires and belts. Since some plastic products and rubber products that have been disposed of have moisture adhering to them, when these pulverized materials are used as organic particles, they are dried to a moisture content of 5% by mass or less. It is necessary to reduce it.
有機物粒子は、平均粒子径が５ｍｍ以上であることが好ましく、２０ｍｍ以上５０ｍｍ以下の範囲にあることがより好ましい。有機物粒子の平均粒子径が小さくなりすぎると、後述の分離工程Ｓ０２において、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを分離しにくくなるおそれがある。一方、有機物粒子の平均粒子径が大きくなりすぎると、比表面積が低減して未燃カーボンの付着量が低減するおそれがある。 The organic particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 5 mm or more, and more preferably in the range of 20 mm to 50 mm. If the average particle size of the organic particles becomes too small, it may be difficult to separate the coal ash and the organic particles in the separation step S02 described later. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the organic particles becomes too large, the specific surface area may be reduced, and the amount of unburned carbon attached may be reduced.
有機物粒子は、粒子径が３ｍｍ以下の微細粒子の含有量が１質量％以下であることが好ましい。微細粒子の含有量が多くなりすぎると、後述の分離工程Ｓ０２において、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを分離しにくくなるおそれがある。有機物粒子は、石炭灰と混合する前に予め篩を用いて、微細粒子を除去しておくことが好ましい。 The organic particles preferably have a content of fine particles having a particle diameter of 3 mm or less of 1% by mass or less. If the content of the fine particles is too large, it may be difficult to separate the coal ash and the organic particles in the separation step S02 described later. The organic particles are preferably removed in advance using a sieve before mixing with the coal ash.
混合工程Ｓ０１において、石炭灰と有機物粒子との混合は、乾式混合により行う。乾式混合することによって、有機物粒子の表面が帯電しやすくなり、有機物粒子の表面に付着する未燃カーボン量が増加する。石炭灰と有機物粒子との混合は、Ｖ型混合機、プロ−シェアミキサー、リボン式混合機、オムニミキサーなどの混合装置を用いることができる。発塵防止のため、乾式混合は密閉した容器内で行うことが好ましい。 In the mixing step S01, the coal ash and the organic particles are mixed by dry mixing. By dry mixing, the surface of the organic particles is easily charged, and the amount of unburned carbon adhering to the surface of the organic particles increases. For mixing the coal ash and the organic particles, a mixing device such as a V-type mixer, a pro-shear mixer, a ribbon mixer, or an omni mixer can be used. In order to prevent dust generation, dry mixing is preferably performed in a closed container.
石炭灰と有機物粒子の混合割合は、石炭灰１００質量部に対して、有機物粒子が１０質量部以上９０質量部以下の範囲となる割合であることが好ましく、２０質量部以上８０質量部の範囲となる割合であることがより好ましい。
石炭灰と有機物粒子の混合時間は、混合装置の容量や石炭灰と有機物粒子の混合割合などの要因によって変動するが、例えば、５分から１時間の範囲である。
The mixing ratio of coal ash and organic particles is preferably such that the organic particles are in the range of 10 parts by mass to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of coal ash, in the range of 20 parts by mass to 80 parts by mass. It is more preferable that the ratio is as follows.
The mixing time of the coal ash and organic particles varies depending on factors such as the capacity of the mixing device and the mixing ratio of the coal ash and organic particles, but is, for example, in the range of 5 minutes to 1 hour.
以上の混合工程Ｓ０１によって、石炭灰に含まれている未燃カーボンは、有機物粒子に付着する。こうして、未燃カーボン量が低減した石炭灰と、未燃カーボンが付着した有機物粒子とを含む混合物が得られる。 By the above mixing step S01, the unburned carbon contained in the coal ash adheres to the organic particles. Thus, a mixture containing coal ash with a reduced amount of unburned carbon and organic particles to which unburned carbon is attached is obtained.
（分離工程Ｓ０２）
分離工程Ｓ０２では、上記混合工程Ｓ０１で得られた混合物から、石炭灰と、未燃カーボンを付着した有機物粒子とを分離する。石炭灰と有機物粒子との分離は、篩および強制渦式分級機などの分離装置を用いることができる。
(Separation step S02)
In the separation step S02, coal ash and organic particles to which unburned carbon is attached are separated from the mixture obtained in the mixing step S01. Separation devices such as a sieve and a forced vortex classifier can be used for separating the coal ash and the organic particles.
以上の分離工程Ｓ０２によって、未燃カーボン量が低減した石炭灰と、未燃カーボンが付着した有機物粒子とをそれぞれ得ることができる。未燃カーボン量が低減した石炭灰は、例えば、コンクリート用混和材、セメント用混和材として用いることができる。また、未燃カーボンが吸着した有機物粒子は、例えば、セメント焼成用燃料、発電用燃料などの燃料として使用することができる。 Through the above separation step S02, coal ash with a reduced amount of unburned carbon and organic particles to which unburned carbon is attached can be obtained. Coal ash with a reduced amount of unburned carbon can be used, for example, as an admixture for concrete and an admixture for cement. Further, the organic particles adsorbed with the unburned carbon can be used as fuel such as cement burning fuel and power generation fuel.
以上のような構成とされた本実施形態である石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法によれば、混合工程Ｓ０１において、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを乾式混合するので、後工程において乾燥を行う必要がない。また、混合工程Ｓ０１にて、未燃カーボンを有機物粒子に付着させ、次の分離工程Ｓ０２にて、石炭灰と、未燃カーボンを付着した有機物粒子とを分離するので、熱源を特には必要とせず、また高圧の電気を使用する特別な処理装置を使用する必要はない。 According to the method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash according to the present embodiment configured as described above, the coal ash and the organic particles are dry-mixed in the mixing step S01. There is no need to do. In addition, in the mixing step S01, unburned carbon is attached to the organic particles, and in the next separation step S02, the coal ash is separated from the organic particles to which the unburned carbon is attached. In addition, it is not necessary to use special processing equipment that uses high-voltage electricity.
また、有機物粒子として、樹脂粒子またはゴム粒子を用いることによって、混合工程Ｓ０１において、有機物粒子に未燃カーボンを効率よく付着させることができるので、石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を確実に低減させることができる。 Further, by using resin particles or rubber particles as the organic particles, unburned carbon can be efficiently attached to the organic particles in the mixing step S01, so that the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash is reliably reduced. be able to.
さらに、有機物粒子として、平均粒子径が５ｍｍ以上のものを用いることによって、分離工程Ｓ０２において、石炭灰と有機物粒子とを分離しやすくなる。
またさらに、有機物粒子として、産業廃棄物の粉砕物を用いることによって、有機物粒子の材料コストを低く抑えることができる。
Further, by using organic particles having an average particle diameter of 5 mm or more, coal ash and organic particles can be easily separated in the separation step S02.
Furthermore, by using a pulverized product of industrial waste as the organic particles, the material cost of the organic particles can be kept low.
以下に、本発明に係る石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法について評価した評価試験の結果について説明する。 Below, the result of the evaluation test evaluated about the method of reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
［本発明例１］
火力発電所にて生成した、含水率が１質量％、未燃カーボン量が５．３質量％（強熱減量：５．５質量％）、粒径が０．１ｍｍ以下の石炭灰を用意した。なお、石炭灰の未燃カーボン量と強熱減量は下記の方法により測定した。
[Invention Example 1]
Coal ash having a water content of 1% by mass, an unburned carbon content of 5.3% by mass (ignition loss: 5.5% by mass), and a particle size of 0.1 mm or less was prepared. . In addition, the unburned carbon amount and ignition loss of coal ash were measured by the following methods.
（未燃カーボン量）
ＨＯＲＩＢＡ社製炭素分析装置（型式：ＥＭＩＡ−１１０）を用いて測定する。
(Unburnt carbon content)
Measurement is performed using a carbon analyzer (model: EMIA-110) manufactured by HORIBA.
（強熱減量）
ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０１「コンクリート用フライアッシュ」に記載されている方法に従って測定する。試料（石炭灰）１ｇを磁器ルツボに０．１ｍｇまで正しく量り採り（ｍ１）、９７５℃±２５℃に調整した電気炉で１５分間強熱し、放冷後、質量を測定する。更に、１５分ずつ強熱を繰返し、恒量になったときの減量を求める（ｍ２）。強熱減量は、下記の式（１）により算出する。
(Loss on ignition)
Measured according to the method described in JIS A 6201 “Fly Ash for Concrete”. 1 g of a sample (coal ash) is accurately weighed to 0.1 mg in a porcelain crucible (m 1 ), ignited in an electric furnace adjusted to 975 ° C. ± 25 ° C. for 15 minutes, allowed to cool, and then weighed. Further, the ignition is repeated for 15 minutes, and the weight loss when the weight becomes constant is determined (m 2 ). The ignition loss is calculated by the following formula (1).
Ｃ＝［（ｍ２／ｍ１）×１００］−Ｂ・・・（１）
ここで、Ｃ：強熱減量（質量％）、ｍ１：試料の質量（ｇ）、ｍ２：恒量になったときの減量（ｇ）、Ｂ：湿分（％）
C = [(m 2 / m 1 ) × 100] −B (1)
Here, C: loss on ignition (mass%), m 1 : mass (g) of the sample, m 2 : weight loss (g) when it becomes a constant weight, B: moisture (%)
なお、湿分は、下記の方法により測定した値である。
試料（石炭灰）２ｇを平形はかり瓶に０．１ｍｇまで正しく量り採り（ｍ３）、１０５〜１１０℃で２時間乾燥し、放冷後、質量を測定する。更に、１時間ずつ乾燥を繰返し、恒量になったときの減量を求める（ｍ４）。湿分は次式により算出する。
湿分（質量％）＝ｍ４／ｍ３×１００
ここで、ｍ３：試料の質量（ｇ）、ｍ４：恒量になったときの減量（ｇ）
The moisture content is a value measured by the following method.
2 g of a sample (coal ash) is accurately weighed up to 0.1 mg in a flat weighing bottle (m 3 ), dried at 105 to 110 ° C. for 2 hours, allowed to cool, and then weighed. Further, drying is repeated for one hour, and the weight loss when the weight becomes constant is determined (m 4 ). The moisture is calculated by the following formula.
Moisture (mass%) = m 4 / m 3 × 100
Here, m 3 : mass of the sample (g), m 4 : weight loss when it becomes a constant weight (g)
エチレン樹脂製の廃プラスチック製品を用意した。用意した廃プラスチック製品を、６０℃の温度で恒量となるまで乾燥した。次いで、乾燥した廃プラスチック製品を粉砕し、目開き３ｍｍの網篩で分級した。得られた粉砕物（エチレン樹脂粒子）は、平均粒子径が３０ｍｍであった。また、含水率は定量下限以下（０．０１質量％以下）であった。 Waste plastic products made of ethylene resin were prepared. The prepared waste plastic product was dried at a temperature of 60 ° C. until a constant weight was obtained. Next, the dried waste plastic product was pulverized and classified with a mesh sieve having an opening of 3 mm. The obtained pulverized product (ethylene resin particles) had an average particle size of 30 mm. Moreover, the moisture content was below the lower limit of quantification (0.01 mass% or less).
容量２００ＬのＶ型混合機に、石炭灰２５ｋｇと、上記のエチレン樹脂粒子１０ｋｇとを投入し、回転速度６０ｒｐｍで、１０分間混合した。得られた混合物を、目開き１０ｍｍの網篩により篩分けを行って、篩上として粗大樹脂粒子を分離除去した。その後、篩下の混合物を、さらに目開き１ｍｍの網篩により篩分けを行った。 25 kg of coal ash and 10 kg of the above ethylene resin particles were put into a V-type mixer having a capacity of 200 L and mixed for 10 minutes at a rotation speed of 60 rpm. The obtained mixture was sieved with a mesh sieve having an opening of 10 mm to separate and remove coarse resin particles on the sieve. Thereafter, the mixture under the sieve was further sieved with a mesh sieve having an opening of 1 mm.
篩下として回収された回収物（石炭灰）の重量を測定し、石炭灰回収率（質量％）を下記の式より算出した。その結果を、表１に示す。
石炭灰回収率＝回収物（石炭灰）の重量（ｋｇ）／２５ｋｇ×１００
The weight of the recovered material (coal ash) recovered under the sieve was measured, and the coal ash recovery rate (mass%) was calculated from the following formula. The results are shown in Table 1.
Coal ash recovery rate = weight of recovered material (coal ash) (kg) / 25kg x 100
篩下として回収された回収物（石炭灰）の未燃カーボン量と強熱減量とを上記の方法により測定した。その結果を表１に示す。 The amount of unburned carbon and the loss on ignition of the recovered material (coal ash) recovered as a sieve were measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.
［本発明例２〜５および比較例１〜３］
エチレン樹脂粒子の含水率を表１に記載の値となるように調整したこと以外は、本発明例１と同様にして、石炭灰とエチレン樹脂粒子とを混合し、得られた混合物を篩分けした。エチレン樹脂粒子の含水率は、エチレン樹脂粒子をステンレス製バット内に均一に広げ、エチレン樹脂粒子に所定量の水を噴霧することによって調整した。
目開き１ｍｍの網篩の篩下として回収された回収物（石炭灰）の石炭灰回収率、未燃カーボン量および強熱減量を、表１に示す。
[Invention Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
Except that the water content of the ethylene resin particles was adjusted to the value shown in Table 1, coal ash and ethylene resin particles were mixed in the same manner as in Example 1 of the present invention, and the resulting mixture was sieved. did. The water content of the ethylene resin particles was adjusted by spreading the ethylene resin particles uniformly in a stainless steel vat and spraying a predetermined amount of water on the ethylene resin particles.
Table 1 shows the coal ash recovery rate, the amount of unburned carbon, and the loss on ignition of the recovered material (coal ash) recovered as a mesh screen having a mesh opening of 1 mm.
表１の結果から、含水率が本発明の範囲内にあるエチレン樹脂粒子を用いた本発明例１〜５においては、石炭灰の回収率が高く、また回収された石炭灰は未燃カーボン量と強熱減量が顕著に低減することがわかる。これは、石炭灰とエチレン樹脂粒子の混合時に、エチレン樹脂粒子に多量の未燃カーボンが付着したためであると考えられる。 From the results of Table 1, in Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention using ethylene resin particles having a water content within the range of the present invention, the recovery rate of coal ash is high, and the recovered coal ash is an unburned carbon amount. It can be seen that the loss on ignition is significantly reduced. This is presumably because a large amount of unburned carbon adhered to the ethylene resin particles during the mixing of the coal ash and the ethylene resin particles.
これに対して、有機物粒子の含水率が本発明の範囲を超える比較例１〜３では、石炭灰の回収率が低く、未燃カーボン量と強熱減量が低減少しなかった。石炭灰の回収率が低下したのは、エチレン樹脂粒子の含水率が多く、石炭灰とエチレン樹脂粒子の混合時に、水分を介して石炭灰がエチレン樹脂粒子に付着したためであると考えられる。未燃カーボン量と強熱減量が低減しなかったのは、石炭灰が有機物粒子に付着して、有機物粒子の表面が帯電しにくくなり、有機物粒子に未燃カーボンが付着しなかったためであると考えられる。なお、石炭灰は可燃性でないため、石炭灰が付着した有機物粒子は燃料として使用するには不適切となる。 On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which the moisture content of the organic particles exceeds the range of the present invention, the recovery rate of coal ash is low, and the amount of unburned carbon and the loss on ignition are not reduced. The reason why the recovery rate of coal ash is reduced is considered to be that the water content of the ethylene resin particles is large and the coal ash adheres to the ethylene resin particles through moisture when the coal ash and the ethylene resin particles are mixed. The reason why the amount of unburned carbon and the loss on ignition were not reduced was that coal ash adhered to the organic particles, the surface of the organic particles became difficult to be charged, and the unburned carbon did not adhere to the organic particles. Conceivable. In addition, since coal ash is not flammable, organic particles to which coal ash is attached are inappropriate for use as fuel.
以上の評価結果から、本発明によれば、比較的簡単な装置を用いて、短時間で石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させることができることが確認された。 From the above evaluation results, according to the present invention, it was confirmed that the amount of unburned carbon in coal ash can be reduced in a short time using a relatively simple device.
Claims (4)
前記石炭灰と、前記未燃カーボンを付着した前記有機物粒子とを分離する分離工程と、を備えることを特徴とする石炭灰中の未燃カーボン量を低減させる方法。 A mixing step of dry-mixing coal ash containing unburned carbon and organic particles having a water content of 5% by mass or less to attach the unburned carbon to the organic particles;
A separation step of separating the coal ash and the organic particles to which the unburned carbon is attached. A method for reducing the amount of unburned carbon in the coal ash.
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| WO2006098177A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Taiheiyo Cement Corporation | Method for separating foreign particles |
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| JP2008149234A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Method for reforming coal ash |
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| WO2006098177A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Taiheiyo Cement Corporation | Method for separating foreign particles |
| JP2007117873A (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2007-05-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Electrostatic separation method and electrostatic separation apparatus |
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