JP2018109266A - Building material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building material easy-to-maintain, and capable of effectively retaining water while cooling by evaporation at a low cost for manufacturing the material.SOLUTION: A building material 8 includes: a water supply unit 7 for dropping water downward; and a receiving plate 81 disposed below the water supply unit 7, which is formed with holes 81a having a diameter at which surface tension is generated in the water dropped from the water supply unit 7. The diameter of each of the holes 81a of the receiving plate 81 is 4-6 mm. The building material further has a lower receiving plate 83 which is disposed below the receiving plate 81, and which is formed with holes 83a having diameter at which surface tension is generated in the water dropped from the holes 81a of the receiving plate 81. The holes 83a of the lower receiving plate 83 have diameter of each of the larger than the diameter of each of the holes 81a of the upper receiving plate 81. The opening ratio of the holes 81a, 83a each of the receiving plates 81 and 83 is 35% or more and 50% or less. Each of the receiving plates 81 and 83 is inclined, and a front plate 82 with no holes is disposed between the lower receiving plate 83 and the upper receiving plate 81 connecting therebetween.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

  The present invention relates to a building material having a cooling function by water retention and vaporization.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of energy saving and global warming countermeasures, we want to create a comfortable living environment in the building by opening the windows and doors of each room of the building and performing natural ventilation without using air conditioning equipment and ventilation equipment. There is a request. However, in summer, the outside air introduced into the building is warm, and in urban areas, the temperature rises due to the heat island phenomenon, so it may be difficult to obtain the effect of natural ventilation.
Therefore, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, as a building material constituting an external structure such as a fence, a gate, a fence, a handrail, and a louver, a porous material layer having water absorption is used on the surface. It has been.
According to the building material in Patent Document 1 and the exterior structure using the same, when water is included in the porous material layer on the surface of the building material, the surface of the exterior structure and the surrounding air are removed by the heat of vaporization of the water. Can be cooled. A comfortable living environment can be formed even in summer by introducing the cooled air into the building.

  In addition, there is a technology to cool the wind by holding water with a greening louver and evaporative cooling.

JP 2015-121074 A

  However, the building material described in Patent Document 1 must be provided with a special layer such as an adhesive layer having hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity or a porous material layer having water absorption on the surface of the base material. In some cases, the cost of the cost increases.

  In addition, the technique of holding water with a greening louver, evaporating and cooling the wind to cool the wind has a problem that the cost is high and maintenance is troublesome because planting is necessary.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a building material that is easy to maintain and can be effectively cooled by water retention and vaporization while reducing the cost of materials and manufacturing.

In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
The building material 8 includes a water receiving plate 81 in which a hole 81a having a diameter that causes surface tension in water to be supplied is formed.

According to invention of Claim 1, it is the building material 8 provided with the water receiving plate 81 in which the hole 81a of the diameter which surface tension produces in the supplied water was formed, and the water which flowed into the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81 Since the surface tension is maintained, the water can be cooled by water retention and vaporization while reducing the amount of water used.
Therefore, maintenance can be easily performed while reducing the cost of building materials and manufacturing, and cooling by water retention and vaporization can be effectively performed.

The invention according to claim 2 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
In the building material 8 according to claim 1,
A water supply means 7 is provided above the water receiving plate 81 and drops water onto the water receiving plate 81.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the water supply means 7 for dripping water onto the water receiving plate 81 is provided, and the water supply means 7 is used to retain water with the surface tension of the water that has flowed into the holes 81a of the water receiving plate 81. It can be cooled by water retention and vaporization while reducing the amount of water dripped from the water.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG.
In the building material 8 according to claim 1 or 2,
The hole 81a has a diameter of 6 mm or less.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, by setting the diameter of the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81 to a diameter of 6 mm or less, it is possible to drip a water droplet in the hole 81a by the surface tension of water up to the diameter of 6 mm and retain the water. it can.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG.
In the building material 8 according to claim 3,
The diameter 81a is 4 mm or more in diameter.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, when the diameter of the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81 is set to 4 mm or more, it becomes easy to drop water drops downward due to the influence of gravity. Therefore, a water droplet can be reliably dropped from the diameter of 4 mm into the hole 81a by the surface tension of water. In addition, the lower surface of the water receiving plate 81 can be easily cooled.

The invention according to claim 5 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 5 to 8, and 10.
In the building material 8 as described in any one of Claim 1 to 4,
A lower water receiving plate 83 is provided below the water receiving plate 81 and formed with a hole 83a having a diameter that causes surface tension in water dripped from the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81. To do.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the lower water receiving plate 83 in which the hole 83a having a diameter that causes surface tension in the water dripped from the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81 is provided, the upper water receiving plate 83 is provided. Water drops dripped from the holes 81 a of the water plate 81 are easily repelled on the upper surface of the lower water receiving plate 83. As a result, the range wetted by the splashing of water droplets is expanded, and the wetted surface on the lower water receiving plate 83 can be enlarged. In addition, water drops droop due to the surface tension of the water flowing into the hole 83a of the lower water receiving plate 83, so that the evaporative cooling surface can be expanded and water can be retained.

The invention according to claim 6 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 5 to 8, and 10.
In the building material 8 according to claim 5,
The diameter of the hole 83a of the lower water receiving plate 83 is larger than the diameter of the hole 81a of the upper water receiving plate 81.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the diameter of the hole 81 a of the lower water receiving plate 83 is larger than the diameter of the hole 81 a of the upper water receiving plate 81, water drops drooping on the lower water receiving plate 83. The water droplets that have become larger and bounced and spread when dropped can be dripped by the surface tension of the water due to the large-diameter hole 83a.
Furthermore, when there is a water receiving plate below, the water droplets fall and are easily played.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG.
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
An opening ratio of the holes 81a and 83a with respect to the water receiving plates 81 and 83 is 35% or more.

According to the invention described in claim 7, by setting the aperture ratio of the holes 81a and 83a to the water receiving plates 81 and 83 to be 35% or more, the water retention amount by the holes 81a and 83a is improved from the aperture ratio of 35%. Water retention and vaporization of water droplets can be performed well.
The effect can be maximized by setting the aperture ratio to 35% or more, but the lower limit of the aperture ratio is not a condition.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, and FIG.
In the building material 8 according to claim 7,
The aperture ratio is 50% or less.

According to invention of Claim 8, the intensity | strength of water receiving plate 81 * 83 is ensured to the opening rate of 50% or less by making the opening rate of hole 81a * 83a with respect to water receiving plate 81 * 83 50% or less. can do.
The effect can be maximized by setting the aperture ratio to 50% or less, but the upper limit of the aperture ratio is not a condition.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG.
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The water receiving plates 81 and 83 are inclined surfaces.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the water receiving plates 81 and 83 are inclined surfaces, water drops dropped on the water receiving plates 81 and 83 by the inclined surfaces can easily flow into the holes 81a and 83a. can do.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG.
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 5 to 9,
A rear plate 84 extending upward from the water receiving plate 81 above the lower water receiving plate 83;
A lower rear plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83;
A folded back piece 86 that is folded back from the upper end of the upper rear plate 84 and forms a groove 87 that allows the lower rear plate 85 to be inserted between the upper rear plate 84;
It is characterized by providing.

According to the invention described in claim 10, the rear plate 84 extending upward from the upper water receiving plate 81, the lower rear plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83, and the upper rear plate 84 are folded back from the upper end. And the rear rear plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83 of the upper building material 8 is connected to the rear rear plate 84 above the lower building material 8. The upper and lower building materials 8 and 8 can be assembled by inserting them into the groove 87 between the folded back piece portions 86.
Therefore, the upper and lower building materials 8 and 8 can be connected without using a connecting tool such as a nail.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 5, and FIG.
In the building material 8 as described in any one of Claim 5 to 10,
A front plate 82 having no holes is provided to connect between the lower water receiving plate 83 and the upper water receiving plate 81.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, since the front plate 82 without a hole connecting the lower water receiving plate 83 and the upper water receiving plate 81 is provided, the lower water receiving plate 83 and The front plate 82 without a hole between the upper water receiving plate 81 is visible as a louver from a distance and is excellent in design.

The invention according to claim 12 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
In the building material 8 according to claim 10 or 11,
A rising side piece 88 that covers at least the lower rear plate 85 from the outside is provided at a side end of the lower water receiving plate 83.

  According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, since the side end of the lower water receiving plate 83 is provided with the rising side piece 88 that covers at least the lower rear plate 85 from the outside, the upper and lower building materials 8. When assembling 8, the lower rear plate 85 of the upper building material 8 and the upper rear plate 84 of the lower building material 8 and the rising rear piece portion 86 prevent the fingers from being caught by the rising side piece portion 88. Can do.

The invention according to claim 13 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
A lateral slit 84 a is formed in the upper rear plate 84.

  According to the invention described in claim 13, the lateral slit 84 a formed in the upper rear plate 84 allows air to flow through the building material 8 while maintaining the appearance as a louver, and the exterior structure 1. You can see the outside from the inside.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the construction material which can perform cooling by water retention and vaporization effectively can be provided, being easy to maintain, reducing the cost concerning material and manufacture.

It is a front view which shows the exterior structure using the building material which concerns on this invention. It is an enlarged plan view which shows the attachment structure of a building material across the support | pillar part of FIG. It is the expanded side view which cut the building material of FIG. 1 vertically and looked at the support | pillar part from the left side. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the uppermost building material portion of FIG. 3. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a single building material, showing a right end portion of the building material portion according to the present invention excluding the uppermost stage in FIG. It is the side view seen from the right side of FIG. It is an enlarged plan view which shows arrangement | positioning of the hole of the upper water-receiving plate of FIG. It is an enlarged plan view which shows arrangement | positioning of the hole of the lower side water receiving board of FIG. It is a front view which shows arrangement | positioning of the hole of the rear surface board of FIG. It is a vertical side view which shows the effect | action by the building material of FIG. It is the photograph which shows the state which looked at the upper surface side of the hole of diameter 3mm. It is the photograph which shows the state which looked at the lower surface side of the hole of diameter 3mm. It is the photograph which shows the state which looked at the upper surface side of the hole of diameter 4mm. It is the photograph which shows the state which looked at the upper surface side of the hole of diameter 4mm. It is a photograph which shows the state which looked at the case where the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 8 mm and the aperture ratio is 13%. It is the photograph which shows the state which looked at the case where the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 5 mm and the aperture ratio is 38%. It is the infrared photograph which image | photographed the case where the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 8 mm, and the aperture ratio is 13%. It is the infrared photography which image | photographed the case where the diameter was 4 mm, the pitch was 5 mm, and the aperture ratio was 38%.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment)
1 to 3 show an exterior structure 1 using a building material according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the exterior structure 1 is composed of a pair of aluminum columns 3 built from a foundation 2 in the ground.・ For each of the grooved stainless steels 4 and 4 screwed to the outer surface of 3 respectively, a pair of grooved aluminum materials 5 and 5 in which louver-like building materials 6 and 8 are assembled in advance at the factory are respectively screwed. It is configured.
The exterior structure 1 is installed side by side along the periphery of a building (not shown).

4 is an enlarged view of the uppermost building material 6 shown in FIG. 3. As shown in the figure, the uppermost building material 6 is formed by press-molding a horizontally long aluminum plate to form an upper plate 61, a front plate 62, and a lower plate 63. The upper rear plate 64 and the lower rear plate 65 are formed, and are screwed to the groove-shaped aluminum members 5 and 5 with the upper rear plate 64 extending downward from the rear end portion of the upper plate 61.
Further, it has a lower rear surface plate 65 extending upward from the rear end portion of the lower surface plate 63.

The uppermost building material 6 is surrounded by an upper surface plate 61 having an inclined surface slightly lowered on the front side, a front plate 62, a lower surface plate 63 having an inclined surface slightly raised on the front side, an upper rear plate 64 and a lower rear plate 65. The hose 7 constituting the water supply means is disposed along the lateral direction.
The hose 7 is disposed along a V-shaped aluminum plate 71 disposed in the building material 6 through the inside of the groove-shaped aluminum material 5, and a small hole (not shown) is formed in a portion along the groove of the V-shaped aluminum plate 71. Is formed.
The water coming out of the small hole of the hose 7 flows out from the hole 71a formed in the groove of the V-shaped aluminum plate 71 to the upper surface of the lower surface plate 63, and the water falls downward from the hole 63a formed in the entire surface of the lower surface plate 63.
Thus, by arranging the hose 7 along the groove of the V-shaped aluminum plate 71, the V-shaped aluminum plate 71 can suppress the rampage of the hose 7 due to water pressure.

5 and 6 show the right end portion of the building material 8 portion according to the present invention excluding the uppermost stage. As shown in the drawing, the building material 8 according to the present invention is formed by press-molding a horizontally long aluminum plate and receiving water on the upper side. The plate 81, the front plate 82, the lower water receiving plate 83, the upper rear plate 84, and the lower rear plate 85 are formed, and the upper rear plate 84 extending upward from the rear end portion of the upper water receiving plate 81 has a groove shape. Screwed to aluminum 5/5.
Further, a lower rear plate 85 extending upward from the rear end portion of the lower water receiving plate 83, a folded back piece portion 86 folded from the upper end of the upper rear plate 84 to the front side, and the folded back piece portion 86 and the upper rear piece. A groove 87 that is formed between the front plate 84 and the lower rear plate 85 can be inserted, and a substantially lower half of the front plate 82 and the lower rear plate 85 from the side end of the lower water receiving plate 83 to the outside. And a rising side piece 88 covering from the side.

A large number of holes 81a are formed in the upper water receiving plate 81 having an inclined surface whose front side is slightly lowered.
The diameter of the hole 81a is preferably 6 mm or less and 4 mm or more.
That is, as the diameter at which the surface tension is generated in the hole 81a in the water dripped from above, there is an effect that a water droplet larger than the diameter of the hole 81a from 3 mm in diameter is produced based on the experimental results. A diameter of 4 mm or more is preferable for the reason of tension, and the maximum diameter of 6 mm that produces water droplets larger than the diameter of the hole 81a is set by the following calculation formula.

Estimate of 2.5 surface energy in "Chemical summary series 12: Wetting of solid surfaces from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobic chemistry" by Akira Nakajima, 2.6 Laplace pressure and capillary length. Assuming L (approximately 2 mm in the case of water), the radius r of the hole, and the ratio α (approximately 0.6) of the total liquid drop, the droplet radius R is
^{R = 3 √ (3L 2 r} ) / 2α ··· formula (2.30)
Is calculated from

  From the calculation formula (2.30), the diameter 2R of the hole 81a is obtained.

FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of the holes 81a. In the illustrated example, a circular hole 81a having a diameter of 4 mm is provided with a short pitch 4 mm in the front-rear direction and a long pitch 8 mm in the left-right direction. Many are formed so as to be located at the vertices of the equilateral triangle.
Here, the opening ratio of the hole 81a with respect to the upper water receiving plate 81 is 35% or more and 50% or less.
That is, based on the experimental results, when the diameter is 6 mm or less and 4 mm or more, and the aperture ratio is 35% or more, water can be satisfactorily dropped by the holes 81a without dropping from the end of the water receiving plate. It has been found.
Moreover, if the opening ratio is 50% or less, the strength of the upper water receiving plate 81 having a hole 81a having a diameter of 6 mm or less and 4 mm or more can be secured.
In addition, when the strength of the water receiving plate cannot be maintained by raising the upper limit of the aperture ratio, it can be dealt with by changing the material of the plate and increasing the plate thickness.
Here, when the thickness of the plate increases, the hole diameter may not be the same between the upper surface and the lower surface with respect to the plate thickness for the convenience of punching the hole. That is, when the hole diameter is 6 mm, the hole diameter on the upper surface with respect to the plate thickness may be larger than 6 mm. However, if the hole diameter on the lower surface can be processed to 6 mm, the surface tension is generated. In other words, the dimension of the hole diameter refers to any one of the hole diameter of the upper surface and the hole diameter of the lower surface, and one hole diameter may be different from the other hole diameter by processing.

And as shown in FIG. 5, many holes 83a are formed also in the lower side water receiving plate 83 by the inclined surface which the front side raised a little.
The diameter of the hole 83a is 6 mm or less and 4 mm or more, as with the hole 81a of the upper water receiving plate 81, but is larger than the upper hole 81a.
That is, first, water drops dripped from the holes 81a of the upper water receiving plate 81 gather and increase on the upper surface of the lower water receiving plate 83, and are easily bounced and spread when dropped. Water can be retained by the surface tension of the water flowing into the hole 83a.
In addition, the water that has gathered and increased on the upper surface of the lower water receiving plate 83 and has been bounced and expanded can be retained by the surface tension of the water by the hole 83a having a diameter larger than the diameter of the upper hole 81a. .

FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of the holes 83a. In the example shown in the figure, a circular hole 83a having a diameter of 5 mm is arranged at a pitch of 8 mm in both the front-rear direction and the left-right direction, and the centers of the three adjacent holes 83a are the apexes of the equilateral triangle. Many are formed so as to be located.
The aperture ratio of the hole 83a with respect to the lower water receiving plate 83 is also 35% or more and 50% or less, similar to the aperture ratio of the hole 81a with respect to the upper water receiving plate 81.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 5, the upper rear plate 84 is formed with a number of elongated slits 84a along the horizontal direction.

FIG. 9 shows the arrangement of the slits 84a. In the illustrated example, the slits 84a having a long and narrow length of 22 mm and a width of 2 mm along the horizontal direction are arranged in a large number with a short pitch of 3.5 mm in the vertical direction and a long pitch of 24 mm in the horizontal direction. Forming.
The slit 84a allows the wind to flow through the building material 8 and allows the outside of the exterior structure 1 to be seen from the inside.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the building material 8 having the above configuration is configured such that the lower rear plate 65 of the uppermost building material 6 is inserted into the groove 87 between the upper rear plate 84 and the folded back piece 86 of the building material 8. Then, connection is made along the bottom of the uppermost building material 6.
The lower rear plate 85 of the building material 8 is inserted into the groove 87 between the upper rear plate 84 and the folded back piece 86 of the lower building material 8 and connected along the lower side of the building material 8. The building materials 8 are connected one after another.

  Thus, in the exterior structure 1 in which the uppermost building material 6 and a large number of building materials 8 are connected thereto, as shown in FIG. 1, the uppermost building material 6 and the many lower building materials 8 appear to have a louver shape. .

  Then, from the uppermost building material 6, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the water coming out from the small hole of the hose 7 in the building material 6 passes through the lower surface plate 63 from the hole 71 a formed in the groove of the V-shaped aluminum plate 71. The water flows out onto the upper water receiving plate 81 of the building material 8 directly below the hole 63a on the entire surface of the lower surface plate 63.

  FIG. 10 shows the action of the building material 8, and as shown in the figure, the surface tension of the water dripping from the hole 81a is caused by the water that has flowed into the hole 81a along the upper surface of the upper water receiving plate 81 by the inclined surface that is lowered downward. Keep the water. The water droplet surface has an evaporation efficiency of 1, and has less resistance when evaporating than other building materials that retain water in the gap between other solid phases, so that the water droplets hang down the upper and lower surfaces of the upper water receiving plate 81 and the hole 81a. Then, the outside air can be efficiently cooled by the outside air exposed to the upper and lower surfaces of the upper water receiving plate 81 and the vaporization by the wind.

  In addition, since water flows along the front and rear surfaces of the front plate 82 along the upper and lower surfaces of the upper water receiving plate 81 due to the front-facing inclined surface, water retention by the front and rear surfaces of the front plate 82 and the front plate 82 are performed. The outside air can be cooled by the outside air exposed to the front surface and the rear surface and the vaporization by the wind.

  And the water drop dripped from the hole 81a of the upper water receiving plate 81 gathers on the upper surface of the lower water receiving plate 83 and becomes large and is easily bounced and spreads. As shown in the drawing, the water flowing into the hole 83a along the upper surface can be retained by the surface tension of the water that hangs down from the hole 83a having a large diameter.

  Thus, the outside air can be efficiently cooled by the water retention by the upper and lower surfaces of the lower water receiving plate 83 and the holes 83a and the vaporization by the outside air and wind exposed to the upper and lower surfaces of the lower water receiving plate 83.

As described above, according to the embodiment, the holes 81a and 83a having a diameter in which the surface tension is generated in the water dropped from the small hole of the hose 7 through which the building material 8 attached to the outer structure 1 passes through the uppermost building material 6 are provided. The amount of water dripped from the hose 7 is provided in order to hold the formed upper water receiving plate 81 and lower water receiving plate 83 and retain the water with the surface tension of the water by the holes 81a and 83a of the water receiving plates 81 and 83. Cooling by water retention and vaporization while reducing
Therefore, it is possible to perform maintenance easily while reducing the cost of materials and manufacturing for building materials for cooling by water retention / vaporization, and cooling by water retention / vaporization can be effectively performed.

  In this way, a wide range of the many building materials 8 can be cooled by utilizing the heat of vaporization of the water transmitted to the entire surface of the many building materials 8, and accordingly, the exterior structure installed side by side around the building The effect of cooling the air around 1 is exhibited.

Then, by setting the diameters of the holes 81a and 83a of the upper water receiving plate 81 and the lower water receiving plate 83 to be 4 mm or more in diameter, it becomes easy to drop water drops downward due to the influence of gravity. Therefore, a water droplet can be reliably dropped from the diameter of 4 mm into the hole 81a by the surface tension of water. In addition, the lower surface of the water receiving plate 81 can be easily cooled.
Further, by setting the diameters of the holes 81a and 83a of the upper water receiving plate 81 and the lower water receiving plate 83 to 6 mm or less, water drops are dripped by the surface tension of water to the holes 81a and 83a up to the diameter of 6 mm. can do.

In addition, water drops dripped from the holes 81 a of the upper water receiving plate 81 are easily repelled on the upper surface of the lower water receiving plate 83. As a result, the range wetted by the splashing of water droplets is expanded, and the wetted surface on the lower water receiving plate 83 can be enlarged. Further, the water droplets hang down by the surface tension of the water due to the large-diameter hole 83a, so that the evaporative cooling surface can be expanded and water can be retained.
Furthermore, when there is a water receiving plate below, the water droplets fall and are easily played.

  Further, from the opening ratio 35% of the holes 81a and 83a with respect to the upper water receiving plate 81 and the lower water receiving plate 83, the water retention amount by the holes 81a and 83a can be improved so that water droplets can be dripped satisfactorily. The strength of the upper water receiving plate 81 and the lower water receiving plate 83 can be ensured up to a rate of 50%.

  In addition, the inclined surfaces of the upper water receiving plate 81 and the lower water receiving plate 83 can make it easier for the water droplets dropped thereon to flow into the holes 81a and 83a, respectively.

Further, the lower rear plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83 of the upper building material 8 is inserted into the groove 87 between the upper rear plate 84 and the folded back piece 86 of the lower building material 8, and Building materials 8 and 8 can be assembled.
Therefore, the upper and lower building materials 8 and 8 can be connected without using a connecting tool such as a nail.

  Further, the front plate 82 without a hole between the lower water receiving plate 83 and the upper water receiving plate 81 is visible as a louver from a distance and is excellent in design.

  Further, when assembling the upper and lower building materials 8, 8, the fingers are sandwiched between the lower rear plate 85 of the upper building material 8, the upper rear plate 84 of the lower building material 8, and the rising rear piece 86. The presence of 88 can prevent this.

  Moreover, while maintaining the appearance as a louver by the lateral slit 84 a of the upper rear plate 84, wind can be circulated through the building material 8 and the outside can be seen from the inside of the exterior structure 1.

(Experimental example)
First, the difference in the state of attachment of water droplets depending on the hole diameters of 3 mm and 4 mm will be described.

FIG. 11 is a photograph of the upper surface side of a hole having a diameter of 3 mm.
FIG. 12 is a photograph of the bottom side of a 3 mm diameter hole.

As shown in the photographs of FIGS. 11 and 12, when the amount of water is small and the flow rate of water is slow, the surface tension of water is larger than the gravity applied to water at a diameter of 3 mm, and water does not fall. Further, a water film is formed across the holes. As a result, water drops do not drop on the punching back surface, and the evaporative cooling surface cannot be enlarged.
In addition, when the amount of water is increased and the flow rate of water is increased, water falls even in a hole having a diameter of 3 mm.

FIG. 13 is a photograph of the top side of a 4 mm diameter hole.
FIG. 14 is a photograph of the top side of a 4 mm diameter hole.

As shown in the photographs of FIGS. 13 and 14, regardless of the amount of water and the flow speed of water, when the diameter is 4 mm, the gravity applied to the water is larger than the surface tension of the water, and the water falls.
As a result, water droplets hang down on the back surface of the punching, and the evaporative cooling surface can be enlarged.
That is, the drop of water drops on the lower water receiving plate is continued, and the evaporative cooling surface of the entire building material can be expanded.
Water droplets remaining on the upper surface become water droplets having a size less than the size between the holes (see the arrowed portion).

Next, the difference in the adhesion state of water droplets depending on the aperture ratio will be described.
FIG. 15 is a photograph showing a case where the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 8 mm, and the aperture ratio is 13%.
FIG. 16 is a photograph showing a case where the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 5 mm, and the aperture ratio is 38%.

When the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 8 mm, and the aperture ratio is 13%, the formation of a water film straddling a plurality of holes is noticeable as shown in the photograph of FIG. In addition, water droplets flow between the holes, and the water droplets flow down to the front surface portion due to the inclination.
In contrast, when the diameter is 3 mm, the pitch is 5 mm, and the aperture ratio is 38%, as shown in the photograph of FIG. Further, the lower surface of the water receiving plate is also cooled. Furthermore, it falls on the water receiving plate below the water droplets and is repelled.

Next, the cooling effect by the aperture ratio will be described.
FIG. 17 is an infrared photograph taken with a diameter of 3 mm and a pitch of 8 mm and an aperture ratio of 13%.

  As shown in the photograph of FIG. 17, there are many regions having a high surface temperature (low cooling effect) indicated by a black portion (red portion in the infrared image) over the front surface.

  FIG. 18 is an infrared photograph taken with a diameter of 4 mm and a pitch of 5 mm and an aperture ratio of 38%.

  As shown in the photograph of FIG. 18, there are many regions having a low surface temperature (high cooling effect) indicated by black portions (blue portions and green portions in the infrared image) over the front surface.

(Modification)
In the above embodiment, the cooling is simply the vaporization of water, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the cooling may be the vaporization of a liquid medium containing other liquids.
In addition, it is needless to say that other specific detailed structures can be appropriately changed.

  For example, a drainage means for receiving and draining water that has dropped from the building material 8 located at the lowest position may be provided on the ground or floor surface.

Moreover, when performing natural ventilation in a building, the outside air cooled from the outdoor side space toward the building side space is sent through a large number of building materials 8, and this cooled outside air is sent into the building from the opening of the building. Introduce. As described above, natural ventilation in the building can be performed.
Note that it is preferable that the opening of the building and the external structure 1 face each other because the cooled outside air can be easily taken into the building.

Specific uses of the exterior structure 1 include, for example, fences, gates, fences, handrails, louver devices, fences, fences, blindfolds in front of windows in buildings, partition walls in buildings, and air cooling means in buildings. Various things, such as a fence provided in the opening formed in the outer wall, can be mentioned.
That is, the exterior structure 1 divides the space into one side space and the other side space, and is a “partition” at the boundary between two different spaces. More specifically, in order to divide outdoor space into one side space (for example, building side space) and the other side space (for example, outdoor side space), or to divide indoor space into one side and the other side, or outdoor space and indoor space. It is used as a partition at the boundary.

The building material 8 refers to a building material used for the various exterior structures as described above, and is formed by forming a metal material such as aluminum or steel into a bar shape or a plate shape and appropriately processing it. By such building materials, the main surface for dividing outdoor space into building side space and outdoor side space is comprised.
The main surface for dividing the outdoor space into the building-side space and the outdoor-side space refers to the surface that works the most to divide the outdoor space into the building-side space and the outdoor-side space.

  In the embodiment, the water supply means is disposed above the water receiving plate. However, water may be supplied to the water receiving plate by water spray or a sprinkler, for example.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Exterior structure 2 Base 3 Support | pillar 4 Grooved stainless steel 5 Grooved aluminum material 6 Uppermost building material 61 Upper surface plate 62 Front surface plate 63 Lower surface plate 63a Hole 64 Upper rear surface plate 65 Lower rear surface plate 7 Water supply means (hose)
71 V-shaped aluminum plate 71a hole 8 building material 81 upper water receiving plate 81a hole 82 front plate 83 lower water receiving plate 83a hole 84 upper rear plate 84a slit 85 lower rear plate 86 folded back piece 87 groove 88 rising side piece

In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
The building material 8 includes a water receiving plate 81 in which a hole 81a having a diameter that causes surface tension in water to be supplied is formed.
In addition, a lower water receiving plate 83 is provided which is disposed below the water receiving plate 81 and has a hole 83a having a diameter that causes surface tension in water dripped from the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81. Features.
Furthermore, the diameter of the hole 83a of the lower water receiving plate 83 is larger than the diameter of the hole 81a of the upper water receiving plate 81.

According to invention of Claim 1, it is the building material 8 provided with the water receiving plate 81 in which the hole 81a of the diameter which surface tension produces in the supplied water was formed, and the water which flowed into the hole 81a of the water receiving plate 81 Since the surface tension is maintained, it can be cooled by water retention and vaporization while reducing the amount of water used.
Therefore, it is possible to easily perform maintenance while reducing costs for building materials and manufacturing, and to effectively perform cooling by water retention and vaporization.
According to the invention described in claim 1, since the lower water receiving plate 83 in which the hole 83 a having a diameter causing surface tension is generated in the water dripped from the hole 81 a of the water receiving plate 81 is provided, The water droplets dripped from the holes 81 a of the water receiving plate 81 are easily repelled on the upper surface of the lower water receiving plate 83. As a result, the range of wetness due to the splashing of water droplets is expanded, and the wetted surface on the lower water receiving plate 83 can be enlarged. Further, the water droplets hang down by the surface tension of the water flowing into the hole 83a of the lower water receiving plate 83, so that the evaporative cooling surface can be expanded and water can be retained.
Furthermore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the diameter of the hole 83 a of the lower water receiving plate 83 is larger than the diameter of the hole 81 a of the upper water receiving plate 81, the lower water receiving plate 83 hangs down. The water droplets become larger, and the water droplets that are bounced and spread when dropped can be dropped by the surface tension of the water due to the large-diameter hole 83a.
In addition, when there is a water receiving plate on the lower side, the water drops are easily dropped and played.

The invention according to claim 5, for example 2, 5, 7, 8, as shown in FIG. 10,
In the building material 8 as described in any one of Claim 1 to 4 ,
An opening ratio of the holes 81a and 83a with respect to the water receiving plates 81 and 83 is 35% or more.

According to the invention described in claim 5 , by setting the opening ratio of the holes 81a and 83a to the water receiving plates 81 and 83 to be 35% or more, the water retention amount by the holes 81a and 83a is improved from the opening ratio of 35%. Water retention and vaporization of water droplets can be performed well.
The effect can be maximized by setting the aperture ratio to 35% or more, but the lower limit of the aperture ratio is not a condition.

The invention according to claim 6, for example 2, 5, 7, 8, as shown in FIG. 10,
In the building material 8 according to claim 5 ,
The aperture ratio is 50% or less.

According to invention of Claim 6 , the intensity | strength of the water receiving plate 81 * 83 is ensured to the opening rate of 50% by making the opening ratio of the hole 81a * 83a with respect to the water receiving plate 81 * 83 50% or less. can do.
The effect can be maximized by setting the aperture ratio to 50% or less, but the upper limit of the aperture ratio is not a condition.

The invention according to claim 7 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 6, and 10,
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 6 ,
The water receiving plates 81 and 83 are inclined surfaces.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the water receiving plates 81 and 83 are inclined surfaces, water droplets dropped on the water receiving plates 81 and 83 by the inclined surfaces can easily flow into the holes 81a and 83a. can do.

The invention according to claim 8 or 9 is, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 5, FIG.
Building material 8 provided with a water receiving plate 81 and a lower water receiving plate 83, or
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 7 ,
A rear plate 84 extending upward from the water receiving plate 81 above the lower water receiving plate 83;
A lower rear plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83;
A folded back piece 86 that is folded back from the upper end of the upper rear plate 84 and forms a groove 87 that allows the lower rear plate 85 to be inserted between the upper rear plate 84;
It is characterized by providing.

According to the invention described in claim 8 or 9 , the rear plate 84 extending upward from the upper water receiving plate 81, the lower rear plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83, and the upper end of the upper rear plate 84. Since the folded back piece 86 is formed to be folded back from the upper building material 8, the lower rear surface plate 85 extending upward from the lower water receiving plate 83 of the upper building material 8 is placed behind the upper building material 8. The upper and lower building materials 8 and 8 can be assembled by being inserted into the groove 87 between the face plate 84 and the folded back piece 86.
Therefore, the upper and lower building materials 8 and 8 can be connected without using a connecting tool such as a nail.

The invention described in claim 10 or 11 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
Building material 8 provided with a water receiving plate 81 and a lower water receiving plate 83, or
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 1 to 9 ,
A front plate 82 having no holes is provided to connect between the lower water receiving plate 83 and the upper water receiving plate 81.

According to the invention described in claim 10 or 11 , since the front plate 82 without a hole connecting the lower water receiving plate 83 and the upper water receiving plate 81 is provided, the lower water receiving water is provided. The front plate 82 without a hole between the plate 83 and the upper water receiving plate 81 is visible as a louver from a distance and is excellent in design.

The invention according to claim 12 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 8 to 11 ,
A rising side piece 88 that covers at least the lower rear plate 85 from the outside is provided at a side end of the lower water receiving plate 83.

The invention according to claim 13 is, for example, as shown in FIGS.
In the building material 8 according to any one of claims 8 to 12,
A lateral slit 84 a is formed in the upper rear plate 84.

Claims (13)

  A building material comprising a water receiving plate in which holes having a diameter causing surface tension in water to be supplied are formed. In the building material according to claim 1,
A building material, comprising water supply means disposed above the water receiving plate and for dropping water onto the water receiving plate. In the building material according to claim 1 or 2,
The diameter of the said hole is 6 mm or less in diameter, The building material characterized by the above-mentioned. In the building material according to claim 3,
The building material according to claim 1, wherein the diameter is 4 mm or more. In the building material as described in any one of Claim 1 to 4,
A building material comprising a lower water receiving plate disposed below the water receiving plate and having a hole having a diameter that causes surface tension in water dripped from the hole of the water receiving plate. In the building material according to claim 5,
The building material, wherein a diameter of the hole of the lower water receiving plate is larger than a diameter of the hole of the upper water receiving plate. In the building material as described in any one of Claim 1 to 6,
A building material, wherein an opening ratio of the holes to the water receiving plate is 35% or more. In the building material according to claim 7,
The building material having an opening ratio of 50% or less. In the building material as described in any one of Claim 1 to 8,
The building material, wherein the water receiving plate has an inclined surface. In the building material according to any one of claims 5 to 9,
A rear plate extending upward from the water receiving plate above the lower water receiving plate;
A lower rear plate extending upward from the lower water receiving plate;
A folded back piece that is folded back from the upper end of the upper rear plate and forms a groove that allows the lower rear plate to be inserted between the upper rear plate,
A building material characterized by comprising. In the building material as described in any one of Claim 5 to 10,
A building material comprising a front plate without a hole connecting between the lower water receiving plate and the upper water receiving plate. In the building material according to claim 10 or 11,
A building material comprising a rising side piece for covering at least the lower rear plate from the outside at a side end of the lower water receiving plate. In the building material according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
A building material characterized in that a lateral slit is formed in the upper rear plate.