JP2018062760A - Foam shield construction method - Google Patents
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- JP2018062760A JP2018062760A JP2016200980A JP2016200980A JP2018062760A JP 2018062760 A JP2018062760 A JP 2018062760A JP 2016200980 A JP2016200980 A JP 2016200980A JP 2016200980 A JP2016200980 A JP 2016200980A JP 2018062760 A JP2018062760 A JP 2018062760A
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 alkyl ether sulfate salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FKKAGFLIPSSCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC FKKAGFLIPSSCHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NCZPCONIKBICGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethylhexoxy)propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COCC(O)CO NCZPCONIKBICGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXZUKHDLJABRQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;1-tetradecoxytetradecane Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FXZUKHDLJABRQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、安定性に優れた起泡剤を使用することにより、チャンバ内の掘削土の塑性流動性を確保すると同時に、発生土の減量化を図る好適な気泡シールド工法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a suitable bubble shield construction method that secures plastic fluidity of excavated soil in a chamber and at the same time reduces the amount of generated soil by using a foaming agent having excellent stability.
起泡剤を含む液体を発泡させて掘削土に注入し、掘削土と気泡とを混合攪拌させながら掘削する工法、即ちカッターヘッドの掘削抵抗低減と摩耗低減及び掘削土運搬処理の作業性を向上させる気泡シールド工法が知られている。
このような気泡シールド工法を実施する際に使用する起泡剤について、下記の先行技術が提案されている。
Improve the workability of foaming and injecting liquid containing foaming agent into the excavated soil and excavating while mixing and agitating the excavated soil and bubbles, that is, reducing the excavation resistance and wear of the cutter head, and excavating soil transport processing A bubble shield method is known.
The following prior art is proposed about the foaming agent used when implementing such a bubble shield construction method.
特許文献１には、炭素数８〜１８の炭化水素基を有するアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩と、炭素数８〜１８のアルコールとを、特定の重量比で含有する気泡シールド工法用起泡剤が開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a foaming agent for a bubble shield method containing an alkyl ether sulfate ester having a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in a specific weight ratio. Has been.
特許文献２には、疎水膜剤が水溶性溶剤で可溶化され、さらに陰イオン界面活性剤が混合されてなる起泡材水溶液を発泡倍率１０倍〜５０倍の倍率で発泡させて気泡を生成し、切羽の土砂とシールド掘進機のチャンバ内の土砂に前記気泡を注入して気泡混合土を形成する気泡シールド工法が開示されている。 In Patent Document 2, bubbles are generated by foaming a foaming material aqueous solution in which a hydrophobic membrane agent is solubilized with a water-soluble solvent and further mixed with an anionic surfactant at a foaming ratio of 10 to 50 times. However, there is disclosed a bubble shield method in which the bubbles are injected into the earth and sand of the face and the earth and sand in the chamber of the shield machine to form a bubble mixed soil.
気泡シールド工法に用いられる泡は、安定性に優れることが望まれる。
本発明は、安定性に優れた泡を用いた気泡シールド工法を提供する。
It is desired that the foam used in the bubble shield method is excellent in stability.
The present invention provides a bubble shield method using a foam having excellent stability.
本発明は、炭素数１２以上１４以下のアルキル基を有し、エチレンオキサイドの平均付加モル数が１以上３以下であるアルキルエーテルサルフェート塩（Ａ）〔以下、（Ａ）成分という〕、炭素数１２以上１４以下の一価アルコール（Ｂ）〔以下、（Ｂ）成分という〕、炭素数８以上１２以下のアルキル基を有するモノアルキルグリセリルエーテル（Ｃ）〔以下、（Ｃ）成分という〕、及び水を含有する起泡剤組成物を発泡させて得た泡を、シールド機の切羽又はチャンバ内に注入しながら掘進する、気泡シールド工法に関する。 The present invention relates to an alkyl ether sulfate salt (A) [hereinafter referred to as component (A)] having an alkyl group having 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and having an average addition mole number of ethylene oxide of 1 to 3; 12 to 14 monohydric alcohol (B) [hereinafter referred to as component (B)], monoalkyl glyceryl ether (C) having an alkyl group having 8 to 12 carbon atoms [hereinafter referred to as component (C)], and The present invention relates to a bubble shield method in which a foam obtained by foaming a foaming agent composition containing water is dug while being injected into a face of a shield machine or into a chamber.
本発明によれば、安定性に優れた泡を用いた気泡シールド工法が提供される。
気泡シールド工法で使用される気泡は、シールド機の切羽又はチャンバ内に注入されるまで安定であることが要求される。また、土砂（掘削土）混合された場合に安定であることも要求される。本発明の気泡シールド工法は、このような要求に応える安定な気泡を形成することができる。
According to the present invention, a bubble shield method using a foam having excellent stability is provided.
Bubbles used in the bubble shield method are required to be stable until injected into the face of the shield machine or into the chamber. It is also required to be stable when mixed with earth and sand (excavated soil). The bubble shield method of the present invention can form stable bubbles that meet such requirements.
まず、本発明に用いられる起泡剤組成物について説明する。
（Ａ）成分は、炭素数１２以上１４以下のアルキル基を有し、エチレンオキサイドの平均付加モル数が１以上３以下であるアルキルエーテルサルフェート塩である。
（Ａ）成分のエチレンオキシド平均付加モル数は２以上３以下が好ましい。
（Ａ）成分の塩は、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、有機アンモニウム塩などが挙げられる。
（Ａ）成分は、起泡性の観点から、ドデシルエーテルサルフェート塩、及びテトラデシルエーテルサルフェート塩から選ばれる１種以上のアルキルエーテルサルフェート塩が好ましい。
First, the foaming agent composition used in the present invention will be described.
The component (A) is an alkyl ether sulfate salt having an alkyl group having 12 to 14 carbon atoms and having an average addition mole number of ethylene oxide of 1 to 3.
The average number of moles of ethylene oxide added as the component (A) is preferably 2 or more and 3 or less.
Examples of the salt of component (A) include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts, ammonium salts, and organic ammonium salts.
The component (A) is preferably one or more alkyl ether sulfate salts selected from dodecyl ether sulfate salts and tetradecyl ether sulfate salts from the viewpoint of foamability.
（Ｂ）成分は、炭素数１２以上１４以下の一価アルコールである。
（Ｂ）成分としては、例えばドデカノール、テトラデカノールが挙げられる。より長寿命の安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、（Ｂ）成分は、テトラデカノールが好ましい。
（Ｂ）成分は、より長寿命の安定な気泡を形成させる観点から、水不溶性又は水難溶性であることが好ましい。ここで、水不溶性又は水難溶性であるとは、２５℃の水１００ｇに対する溶解度が０．１ｇ以下であることをいう。前記溶解度は、効率良く界面活性能を向上させる観点から、好ましくは０．０５ｇ以下、より好ましくは０．０１ｇ以下である。
The component (B) is a monohydric alcohol having 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
Examples of the component (B) include dodecanol and tetradecanol. From the viewpoint of forming longer-lived stable bubbles, the component (B) is preferably tetradecanol.
The component (B) is preferably water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble from the viewpoint of forming long-lived stable bubbles. Here, water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble means that the solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. is 0.1 g or less. The solubility is preferably 0.05 g or less, more preferably 0.01 g or less, from the viewpoint of efficiently improving the surface activity.
（Ｃ）成分は、炭素数８以上１２以下のアルキル基を有するモノアルキルグリセリルエーテルである。（Ｃ）成分が有するアルキル基の炭素数は、８以上１０以下が好ましい。より起泡性を高める観点から、（Ｃ）成分は、２−エチルヘキシルグリセリルエーテルが好ましい。
（Ｃ）成分は、より起泡性を高める観点から、水不溶性又は水難溶性であることが好ましい。ここで、（Ｃ）成分について、水不溶性又は水難溶性であるとは、２５℃の水１００ｇに対する溶解度が０．１ｇ以下であることをいう。前記溶解度は、効率良く界面活性能を向上させる観点から、好ましくは０．０５ｇ以下、より好ましくは０．０１ｇ以下である。
Component (C) is a monoalkyl glyceryl ether having an alkyl group having 8 to 12 carbon atoms. (C) As for carbon number of the alkyl group which a component has, 8-10 is preferable. From the viewpoint of enhancing foamability, the component (C) is preferably 2-ethylhexyl glyceryl ether.
The component (C) is preferably water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble from the viewpoint of enhancing foamability. Here, the component (C) being water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble means that the solubility in 100 g of water at 25 ° C. is 0.1 g or less. The solubility is preferably 0.05 g or less, more preferably 0.01 g or less, from the viewpoint of efficiently improving the surface activity.
本発明で使用する（Ｃ）成分は、分子中に疎水基と親水基を有しており、水にも油にも溶解しにくい性質を有するため、（Ａ）成分及び（Ｂ）成分を含む系に配合した場合、ミセル界面に配列しやすく、（Ｂ）成分を起泡剤組成物中に安定に配合させることができ、更に、起泡性及び気泡の剛性を高める効果を有するものである。 (C) component used by this invention has a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group in a molecule | numerator, and since it has a property which is hard to melt | dissolve in water and oil, (A) component and (B) component are included. When blended in the system, it is easy to arrange at the micelle interface, the component (B) can be stably blended in the foaming agent composition, and further has the effect of enhancing foaming properties and bubble rigidity. .
起泡剤組成物は、（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分及び（Ｃ）成分の合計を１００質量％として、（Ａ）成分を、起泡性の観点から、好ましくは７６質量％以上、より好ましくは７８質量％以上、更に好ましくは８０質量％以上、そして、好ましくは８７質量％以下、より好ましくは８６質量％以下、更に好ましくは８４質量％以下、含有する。 In the foaming agent composition, the total of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) is 100% by mass, and the component (A) is preferably 76% by mass or more from the viewpoint of foamability. Preferably it is 78 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 80 mass% or more, Preferably it is 87 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 86 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 84 mass% or less.
起泡剤組成物は、（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分及び（Ｃ）成分の合計を１００質量％として、（Ｂ）成分を、気泡安定性の観点から、好ましくは５質量％以上、より好ましくは８質量％以上、そして、好ましくは１３質量％以下、より好ましくは１０質量％以下、含有する。 In the foaming agent composition, the total amount of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) is 100% by mass, and the component (B) is preferably 5% by mass or more from the viewpoint of bubble stability. The content is preferably 8% by mass or more, and preferably 13% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less.
起泡剤組成物は、（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分及び（Ｃ）成分の合計を１００質量％として、（Ｃ）成分を、より起泡性を高める観点から、好ましくは８質量％以上、より好ましくは９質量％以上、そして、好ましくは１１質量％以下、より好ましくは１０質量％以下、含有する。 The foaming agent composition is preferably 8% by mass or more from the viewpoint of further enhancing the foaming property of the component (C), with the total of the components (A), (B) and (C) being 100% by mass. , More preferably 9% by mass or more, and preferably 11% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less.
起泡剤組成物は、気泡安定性の観点から、（Ａ）成分と（Ｂ）成分との質量比（Ｂ）／（Ａ）が、好ましくは０．０３以上、より好ましくは０．０６以上、更に好ましくは０．０８以上、そして、好ましくは０．２０以下、より好ましくは０．１８以下、更に好ましくは０．１５以下である。 From the viewpoint of foam stability, the foaming agent composition has a mass ratio (B) / (A) of the component (A) to the component (B) of preferably 0.03 or more, more preferably 0.06 or more. More preferably, it is 0.08 or more, and preferably 0.20 or less, more preferably 0.18 or less, still more preferably 0.15 or less.
起泡剤組成物は、水を含有することが好ましい。起泡剤組成物中の水の含有量は、好ましくは４０質量％以上、より好ましくは５０質量％以上、更に好ましくは６０質量％以上、そして、好ましくは９５質量％以下、より好ましくは９０質量％以下、更に好ましくは８５質量％以下である。 The foaming agent composition preferably contains water. The water content in the foaming agent composition is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, still more preferably 60% by mass or more, and preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass. % Or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less.
また、起泡剤組成物は、任意に、キレート剤、重金属捕捉剤、界面活性剤、防錆剤、防腐剤、着色剤、香料、消泡剤、溶剤、などを含有することができる。これらは、（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分、及び（Ｃ）成分に該当しないものが用いられる。 The foaming agent composition can optionally contain a chelating agent, heavy metal scavenger, surfactant, rust inhibitor, preservative, colorant, fragrance, antifoaming agent, solvent, and the like. Those that do not correspond to the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) are used.
本発明の気泡シールド工法は、シールド工法実施時の掘削面（掘削土壁）に気泡を注入して使用する。気泡を注入する方法としては、例えば、ポンプにより圧力をかけた状態で、ノズルから噴射する方法を適用することができるが、特定の工法に限定されるものではない。 The bubble shield method of the present invention is used by injecting bubbles into the excavation surface (excavated soil wall) when the shield method is implemented. As a method of injecting bubbles, for example, a method of injecting from a nozzle in a state where pressure is applied by a pump can be applied, but the method is not limited to a specific method.
以下、本発明の気泡シールド工法を具体的に説明する。
まず、（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分、及び（Ｃ）成分を前記の好ましい範囲で含有する起泡剤組成物を調製し、この起泡剤組成物又は該組成物の希釈水溶液を泡立て発泡させる。
次に、発泡させた気泡を掘削面（掘削土壁）、シールドマシンチャンバー内又はスクリュウコンベア内に吹付け、掘削土砂と混練させて掘削する。
気泡を発生させる方法としては、（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分及び（Ｃ）成分（成分が粉末の場合は、予め任意の濃度に水で溶解しておく。）と水を、各々の専用ポンプにて起泡剤組成物混合タンクに移送し、起泡剤組成物タンクにて任意の濃度に希釈された起泡剤組成物を調製する。
次に、配管の中に抵抗となるもの（一般的によく使用されるものは、ビーズ状、ドーナツ状、円柱状又は金たわし状の物）を入れ、その抵抗となる物の入った配管（一般的に発泡筒という）に圧縮空気と前記にて作製された起泡剤組成物を同時に流し乱流を作り、発泡させる。
吹き付ける方法としては、例えば、ポンプにより圧力をかけた状態で、シールドマシン注入口から掘削面、チャンバ内又はスクリュウコンベア等に噴射する方法を適用することができる。
Hereinafter, the bubble shield method of the present invention will be described in detail.
First, a foaming agent composition containing the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) in the above preferred range is prepared, and the foaming agent composition or a dilute aqueous solution of the composition is foamed and foamed. Let
Next, the foamed bubbles are sprayed on the excavation surface (excavation earth wall), the shield machine chamber or the screw conveyor, and kneaded with the excavation earth and sand for excavation.
As a method of generating bubbles, (A) component, (B) component and (C) component (when the component is a powder, it is dissolved in water at an arbitrary concentration in advance) and water, respectively. It transfers to a foaming agent composition mixing tank with a pump, and the foaming agent composition diluted to arbitrary density | concentrations with the foaming agent composition tank is prepared.
Next, put resistance in the pipe (the most commonly used are beads, donuts, cylinders, or metal scrubbing), and the pipe containing the resistance ( Compressed air and the foaming agent composition prepared above are generally simultaneously flowed into a foamed cylinder) to create turbulent flow and foam.
As a spraying method, for example, a method of spraying from a shield machine inlet to a drilling surface, a chamber, a screw conveyor, or the like while pressure is applied by a pump can be applied.
本発明の気泡シールド工法を実施するときは、必要に応じて施工現場にて（Ａ）成分と（Ｂ）成分と（Ｃ）成分と水とを混合して調製した起泡剤組成物を使用することもできる。
この場合、（Ｂ）成分および（Ｃ）成分の水への溶解性の観点から、（Ａ）成分を予め水に溶解した後に、（Ｂ）成分および（Ｃ）成分と混合する事が好ましい。
When carrying out the bubble shield method of the present invention, use a foaming agent composition prepared by mixing (A), (B), (C) and water at the construction site as necessary. You can also
In this case, from the viewpoint of solubility of the component (B) and the component (C) in water, it is preferable that the component (A) is previously dissolved in water and then mixed with the component (B) and the component (C).
前記起泡剤組成物中の（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分、（Ｃ）成分の各成分の比率は、上記した通りである。
なお、作業現場では、水で、好ましくは１０〜５００倍、より好ましくは２０〜４００倍、更に好ましくは５０〜２５０倍、更により好ましくは１００〜２００倍に希釈して使用することもできる。この場合、希釈倍率を考慮して、希釈後の水溶液中の（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分及び（Ｃ）成分の合計含有量が所定の範囲となるように、起泡剤組成物中の各成分の濃度を高濃度としておくのが、輸送などの観点から有利である。
The ratios of the components (A), (B), and (C) in the foaming agent composition are as described above.
At the work site, it can be diluted with water, preferably 10 to 500 times, more preferably 20 to 400 times, still more preferably 50 to 250 times, and even more preferably 100 to 200 times. In this case, in consideration of the dilution ratio, in the foaming agent composition so that the total content of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) in the diluted aqueous solution is within a predetermined range. It is advantageous from the viewpoint of transportation and the like to keep the concentration of each component high.
発泡させる起泡剤組成物又は該起泡剤組成物の希釈水溶液中の（Ａ）成分と（Ｂ）成分と（Ｃ）成分の合計濃度は、好ましくは０．２質量％以上、より好ましくは０．２５質量％以上、更に好ましくは０．４質量％以上、より更に好ましくは０．５質量％以上、そして、好ましくは１０質量％以下、より好ましくは５質量％以下、更に好ましくは２質量％以下、より更に好ましくは１質量％以下である。 The total concentration of the (A) component, the (B) component, and the (C) component in the foaming agent composition to be foamed or the diluted aqueous solution of the foaming agent composition is preferably 0.2% by mass or more, more preferably 0.25% by mass or more, more preferably 0.4% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass. % Or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less.
使用時の発泡倍率は、土砂を効果的に流動化させるための泡安定性を確保する観点から、好ましくは５倍以上、そして、好ましくは３０倍以下、より好ましくは２０倍以下である。なお発泡倍率とは、希釈水溶液の容積に対する空気容積の比率を意味し、例えば、発泡倍率１０倍とは、希釈対象の組成物又は水溶液１容積に対して空気９容積を混練発泡して１０容積になることを意味する。ここでいう空気は、掘削する地山に作用する圧力下での容積である。よって、ボイルの法則（ＰＶ＝Ｐ’Ｖ’）に則り、大気圧下から供給する空気量は、圧力に応じて変化する。 The foaming ratio at the time of use is preferably 5 times or more, and preferably 30 times or less, more preferably 20 times or less, from the viewpoint of securing foam stability for effectively fluidizing earth and sand. The expansion ratio means the ratio of the air volume to the volume of the dilute aqueous solution. For example, the expansion ratio of 10 times means 10 volumes by kneading and foaming 9 volumes of air to 1 volume of the composition or aqueous solution to be diluted. It means to become. The air here is a volume under pressure acting on a natural ground to be excavated. Therefore, according to Boyle's law (PV = P'V '), the amount of air supplied from under atmospheric pressure changes according to the pressure.
また、本発明の気泡シールド工法では、泡の注入率は、好ましくは１０％以上５０％以下、そして、好ましくは１５％以上３０％以下である。ここで、「注入率」とは、掘削する地山容積１に対する泡の注入容積を意味し、注入率１５％とは、地山容積１に対して泡０．１５容積を注入することを意味する。 In the bubble shield method of the present invention, the foam injection rate is preferably 10% to 50%, and preferably 15% to 30%. Here, the “injection rate” means the injection volume of bubbles with respect to the ground volume 1 to be excavated, and the injection rate 15% means that 0.15 volumes of foam are injected into the ground volume 1. To do.
起泡剤組成物を構成する成分を、表１−１から表１−３に示す。これらを用いて起泡剤組成物を調製した。残部は水である。 Ingredients constituting the foaming agent composition are shown in Table 1-1 to Table 1-3. A foaming agent composition was prepared using these. The balance is water.
起泡剤組成物の希釈水溶液とは、起泡剤組成物（原液）を水でさらに希釈したもので、例えば、希釈水溶液濃度１％とは、水溶液１容積中に原液が０．０１容積、希釈水が０．９９容積であることを意味する。以下、起泡剤組成物の希釈水溶液を、単に希釈水溶液という場合もある。 The diluted aqueous solution of the foaming agent composition is obtained by further diluting the foaming agent composition (stock solution) with water. For example, a diluted aqueous solution concentration of 1% means that the stock solution is 0.01 volume in 1 volume of the aqueous solution, It means that the dilution water is 0.99 volume. Hereinafter, the diluted aqueous solution of the foaming agent composition may be simply referred to as a diluted aqueous solution.
気泡は、希釈水溶液と圧縮空気とを小径のセラミックボールを内蔵した発泡筒にて強制混合して生じさせた。希釈水溶液および圧縮空気は流量計で所定の流量を設定する。 Bubbles were generated by forcibly mixing the dilute aqueous solution and compressed air in a foam cylinder containing a small-diameter ceramic ball. The dilute aqueous solution and the compressed air are set at a predetermined flow rate by a flow meter.
上記にて製造した気泡の発泡倍率は、所定の発泡倍率が得られたか、一定体積の質量を測定して確認する。例えば、発泡倍率１０倍の気泡は、希釈水溶液１容積と空気９容積を混練発泡して１０容積としたものであり、希釈水溶液の比重は、ほぼ水と同じ１，０００ｇ／Ｌであるため、１Ｌ当たりの希釈水溶液の質量は１００ｇとなる。同様に、例えば、発泡倍率２０倍の場合、１Ｌ当たりの希釈水溶液の質量は５０ｇとなる。 The foaming ratio of the air bubbles produced above is confirmed by measuring the mass of a certain volume to determine whether a predetermined foaming ratio has been obtained. For example, a bubble having a foaming ratio of 10 times is obtained by kneading and foaming 1 volume of diluted aqueous solution and 9 volume of air to 10 volume, and the specific gravity of the diluted aqueous solution is 1,000 g / L, which is almost the same as that of water. The mass of the diluted aqueous solution per liter is 100 g. Similarly, for example, when the expansion ratio is 20 times, the mass of the diluted aqueous solution per liter is 50 g.
気泡シールド工法を考慮して安定した気泡をつくるには、まず気泡単味で消泡しにくいものが望ましい。判断材料は従来品である市販起泡剤との比較である。
以下の各試験における結果は、起泡剤組成物を発泡させて得た泡をシールド機の切羽又はチャンバ内に注入しながら掘進する気泡シールド工法における結果と相関がある。
In order to produce a stable bubble in consideration of the bubble shield method, it is desirable that the bubble is simple and difficult to defoam. The judgment material is a comparison with a conventional commercial foaming agent.
The results in the following tests correlate with the results in the bubble shield method in which the foam obtained by foaming the foaming agent composition is dug while being injected into the face of the shield machine or into the chamber.
＜大気圧下の消泡性試験＞
消泡性試験は、１Ｌのメスシリンダーに気泡を投入し、経過時間ごとに底部に溜まる水溶液の抽出量を測定し、消泡率を計算する。例えば、発泡倍率１０倍の気泡では、気泡１Ｌあたりの最大析出量は１００ｍｌである。経過時間後の析出量が４０ｍｌの場合は、消泡率４０ｍＬ／１００ｍｌ×１００＝４０％となる。
一般に気泡の安定性を評価する消泡性の経過時間は１０分程度である。３０〜６０分経過したらほとんど消泡するため判断できないからである。本発明では、より安定的な起泡剤を提案するため、１０分に加えて、３０分および６０分まで測定した。一部の例では、５００ｍｌのメスシリンダーを使用した。なお、消泡率の測定は測定容器によって異なる。よって、消泡率の値は相対的なものと定義する。
<Defoaming test under atmospheric pressure>
In the defoaming test, bubbles are introduced into a 1 L graduated cylinder, and the amount of aqueous solution extracted at the bottom is measured for each elapsed time to calculate the defoaming rate. For example, for bubbles with a foaming ratio of 10 times, the maximum amount of precipitation per 1 L of bubbles is 100 ml. When the amount of precipitation after the elapsed time is 40 ml, the defoaming rate is 40 mL / 100 ml × 100 = 40%.
In general, the defoaming elapsed time for evaluating the stability of bubbles is about 10 minutes. This is because it is almost impossible to judge because 30 to 60 minutes have passed. In the present invention, in order to propose a more stable foaming agent, measurement was performed up to 30 minutes and 60 minutes in addition to 10 minutes. In some cases, a 500 ml graduated cylinder was used. In addition, the measurement of a defoaming rate changes with measurement containers. Therefore, the value of the defoaming rate is defined as relative.
＜加圧下の消泡性試験＞
加圧可能な透明のアクリル製加圧容器に、気泡を投入したメスシリンダーを入れる。例えば発泡倍率１０倍の場合、大気圧下では希釈水溶液と空気の容積比率は１：９だが、加圧Ｐ＝０．１ＭＰａ下では、希釈水溶液と大気圧下の空気の容積比率は１：１８となる。つまり、同じ体積とする場合は、試験時には、発泡倍率１９倍の気泡が必要となる。
<Defoaming test under pressure>
A graduated cylinder filled with bubbles is placed in a transparent acrylic pressure vessel that can be pressurized. For example, when the expansion ratio is 10 times, the volume ratio of the diluted aqueous solution to air is 1: 9 under atmospheric pressure, but the volume ratio of the diluted aqueous solution to air under atmospheric pressure is 1:18 under pressure P = 0.1 MPa. It becomes. That is, in the case of the same volume, air bubbles with an expansion ratio of 19 times are required during the test.
＜増粘剤添加時の消泡性試験＞
従来気泡シールド工法では、地下水による希釈や消泡を防止するために、希釈水溶液に増粘剤（例えばＣＭＣなど）を加える。しかし、ＣＭＣは粉体品のため取扱いが難しく、粘土ベントナイト溶液を、別系統で注入して気泡膜を強化する場合が多くなっている。一方、粘土ベントナイト溶液を添加すると、添加材の量が増加してシールド発生土の減容化に反する。
泥土圧シールド工法の増粘剤として多くの実績を有するアクリル系高分子剤は、α−オレフィンスルホン酸塩（ＡＯＳ）主体の従来の起泡剤に対して消泡作用があったため、併用できなかった。
本発明で用いる起泡剤組成物は、（Ａ）成分である所定のアルキルエーテルサルフェート塩を主体にしているため、アクリル系高分子を増粘剤代替品として使用可能である。
本試験では、気泡の安定性向上のため、施工の取り扱いが簡易な液体高分子剤（ＴＡＣスルー：株式会社タック製）を起泡剤と併用した場合の消泡率を確認した。
<Defoaming test when thickener is added>
In the conventional bubble shield method, a thickener (for example, CMC) is added to the diluted aqueous solution in order to prevent dilution and defoaming by groundwater. However, CMC is difficult to handle because it is a powder product, and in many cases, a clay bentonite solution is injected by another system to reinforce the bubble film. On the other hand, when the clay bentonite solution is added, the amount of the additive increases, which is contrary to the volume reduction of the shield-generated soil.
Acrylic polymer that has many achievements as a thickener for the mud pressure shield method has a defoaming effect on conventional foaming agents mainly composed of α-olefin sulfonate (AOS), so it cannot be used in combination. It was.
Since the foaming agent composition used in the present invention is mainly composed of the predetermined alkyl ether sulfate salt as component (A), an acrylic polymer can be used as a thickener substitute.
In this test, in order to improve the stability of the bubbles, the defoaming rate was confirmed when a liquid polymer agent (TAC Through: manufactured by Tac Co., Ltd.) that was easy to handle was used in combination with a foaming agent.
＜塑性流動性試験＞
模擬土を使用して好適な塑性流動性が得られる注入率を確認した。模擬土は、砂質土と粘性土の２種とした。模擬土の物理試験結果を表２に示す。
<Plastic fluidity test>
The injection rate with which suitable plastic fluidity was obtained using simulated soil was confirmed. The simulated soil was sandy and cohesive soil. Table 2 shows the physical test results of the simulated soil.
土砂に気泡を混合した時の塑性流動性の判断基準は、スランプ値によることが多い。しかし、スランプ値は砂質土と粘性土によっても異なるため、本発明では、塑性流動性の評価基準として、ベーンせん断試験器を用いてせん断強さを計測して判断した。
一般に、ベーンせん断強さは粘性土のせん断強さを計測する際に用いられるが、添加材を混合撹拌して、十分な塑性流動性を有する土砂であれば、粘性土はもとより、砂質土・礫質土についても計測が可能である。また、計測者によるバラつきも小さい。
現場計測実績から、塑性流動性が良好なせん断強さは１〜３ｋＰａとしている。１ｋＰａ未満だと掘削土が柔らかすぎて土砂噴発の危険性が高い。また、３ｋＰａ超だと塑性流動不足で均等な切羽圧力を作用できない。本試験では、ベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ程度になる注入率を測定し、従来品との比較を行う。
The judgment standard of plastic fluidity when bubbles are mixed with earth and sand is often based on the slump value. However, since the slump value varies depending on the sandy soil and the viscous soil, in the present invention, the shear strength was measured and judged using a vane shear tester as an evaluation standard of plastic fluidity.
In general, vane shear strength is used to measure the shear strength of viscous soil. However, if the soil has sufficient plastic fluidity by mixing and stirring the additive, sandy soil as well as viscous soil can be used.・ Measurement is also possible for gravelly soil. Moreover, the variation by the measurer is also small.
From the field measurement results, the shear strength with good plastic fluidity is set to 1 to 3 kPa. If it is less than 1 kPa, the excavated soil is too soft and there is a high risk of sediment eruption. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3 kPa, a uniform face pressure cannot be applied due to insufficient plastic flow. In this test, the injection rate at which the vane shear strength is about 1 kPa is measured and compared with a conventional product.
＜大気圧下の消泡性試験 その１＞
気泡を、希釈水溶液濃度１％（起泡剤組成物０．０１容積部、水０．９９容積部、の割合を示す。以下、同様）および発泡倍率１０倍に設定し、経時の消泡率を確認した。起泡剤組成物中の（Ａ）成分、（Ｂ）成分及び（Ｃ）成分の合計の含有量は、２０質量％であった（以下の他の試験でも同様であった）。比較例１から４の４種類は気泡シールド工法で用いられる多くの実績を有する市販の起泡剤である。
結果を表３に示した。表３中、「評価」は、６０分後の消泡率をα％として、以下の基準で行った。同じ評価の場合、消泡率の値が小さい方が好ましい。
α≦７０ ：◎
７０＜α≦８０ ：○
８０＜α≦９０ ：△
９０＜α≦１００：×
<Antifoam test under atmospheric pressure (1)>
Bubbles were set at a dilute aqueous solution concentration of 1% (0.01% by volume of foaming agent composition and 0.99 parts by volume of water; the same applies hereinafter) and a foaming ratio of 10 times, and the defoaming rate over time. It was confirmed. The total content of the component (A), the component (B) and the component (C) in the foaming agent composition was 20% by mass (the same applies to other tests below). Four types of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are commercially available foaming agents having many achievements used in the bubble shield method.
The results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, “Evaluation” was performed according to the following criteria, assuming that the defoaming rate after 60 minutes was α%. In the case of the same evaluation, a smaller defoaming value is preferable.
α ≦ 70: ◎
70 <α ≦ 80: ○
80 <α ≦ 90: Δ
90 <α ≦ 100: ×
比較例１〜４とも気泡製造１０分後には５０％以上消泡し、３０分後には９０％、６０分後には１００％近く消泡している。
一方、実施例では３０分後で全て７４％以下、最良のものは５０％以下、６０分後で８０％台又はそれ以下の消泡率となっている。以上より、従来品の３〜６倍もの安定性があるといえる。
In Comparative Examples 1 to 4, 50% or more defoamed after 10 minutes of bubble production, 90% after 30 minutes, and nearly 100% after 60 minutes.
On the other hand, in the examples, the defoaming rate is 74% or less after 30 minutes, the best is 50% or less, and the defoaming rate is 80% or less after 60 minutes. From the above, it can be said that the stability is 3 to 6 times that of the conventional product.
上記消泡率は１Ｌのメスシリンダーに気泡を投入した時の起泡溶液抽出量の読み値から計算した値である。
消泡率の測定容器によって異なることを確認するため、５００ｍｌのディスポビーカーを使用して、比較例３と実施例３を代表として消泡率を測定した。５００ｍｌのディスポビーカーで試験した場合、実施例３は６０分後も消泡率５０％であり、従来品に比べて高い安定性を示している。
The defoaming rate is a value calculated from the reading of the amount of foaming solution extracted when bubbles are introduced into a 1 L graduated cylinder.
In order to confirm the difference depending on the container for measuring the defoaming rate, the defoaming rate was measured using a 500 ml disposable beaker, with Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 as representatives. When tested in a 500 ml disposable beaker, Example 3 has a defoaming rate of 50% even after 60 minutes, indicating a higher stability than the conventional product.
＜大気圧下の消泡性試験 その２＞
表３の一部の実施例及び比較例の起泡剤組成物を用いて評価した。
気泡を、希釈水溶液濃度１％および発泡倍率２０倍に設定し、経時の消泡率を確認した。消泡率の算出には１Ｌのメスシリンダーを用いた。
結果を表４に示した。表４中、「評価」は、表３と同じ基準で行った。
<Defoaming test under atmospheric pressure, part 2>
It evaluated using the foaming agent composition of a part of Example of Table 3, and a comparative example.
The bubbles were set at a dilute aqueous solution concentration of 1% and an expansion ratio of 20 times, and the defoaming rate over time was confirmed. A 1 L graduated cylinder was used to calculate the defoaming rate.
The results are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, “Evaluation” was performed based on the same criteria as in Table 3.
比較例１〜４とも発泡倍率１０倍よりも若干安定しているものの、気泡製造１０分後には５０％程度又はそれ以上消泡し、３０分後には８０％以上、６０分後には１００％近く消泡している。一方、実施例１および３とも発泡倍率１０倍よりも若干安定し、３０分後で４０％台、６０分後で７０％台の消泡率となっている。
以上より、発泡倍率を変化させても、実施例の起泡剤組成物は、同じように従来品の３〜６倍もの安定性があるといえる。
Although Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are slightly more stable than the expansion ratio of 10 times, they are defoamed about 50% or more after 10 minutes of bubble production, 80% or more after 30 minutes, and nearly 100% after 60 minutes Defoaming. On the other hand, both Examples 1 and 3 were slightly more stable than the expansion ratio of 10 times, and the defoaming rate was in the 40% range after 30 minutes and in the 70% range after 60 minutes.
From the above, it can be said that even when the expansion ratio is changed, the foaming agent compositions of the examples are 3 to 6 times as stable as the conventional products.
＜大気圧下の消泡性試験 その３＞
表３の実施例１の起泡剤組成物について、希釈水溶液の濃度の違いによる消泡率を確認した。発泡倍率は１０倍と２０倍で行った。消泡率の算出には１Ｌのメスシリンダーを用いた。
結果を表５に示した。表５中、「評価」は、表３と同じ基準で行った。
<Defoaming test under atmospheric pressure (Part 3)>
About the foaming agent composition of Example 1 of Table 3, the defoaming rate by the difference in the density | concentration of diluted aqueous solution was confirmed. The expansion ratio was 10 times and 20 times. A 1 L graduated cylinder was used to calculate the defoaming rate.
The results are shown in Table 5. In Table 5, “Evaluation” was performed according to the same criteria as in Table 3.
希釈水溶液濃度が高いほど、消泡率が小さくなり気泡が安定していることがわかる。 It can be seen that the higher the concentration of the diluted aqueous solution, the smaller the defoaming rate and the more stable the bubbles.
＜加圧下の消泡性試験＞
表３の一部の実施例及び一部の比較例の起泡剤組成物を用いて評価した。
大気圧下と０．１ＭＰａの加圧下で消泡性を評価した。消泡率の算出には１Ｌのメスシリンダーを用いた。
結果を表６に示した。表６中、「評価」は、表３と同じ基準で行った。
<Defoaming test under pressure>
It evaluated using the foaming agent composition of a part of Example of Table 3, and a part of comparative example.
The defoaming property was evaluated under atmospheric pressure and under a pressure of 0.1 MPa. A 1 L graduated cylinder was used to calculate the defoaming rate.
The results are shown in Table 6. In Table 6, “evaluation” was performed according to the same criteria as in Table 3.
比較例および実施例とも加圧下と大気圧下で消泡性は同じような挙動を示すことがわかる。加圧下では、比較例での１０分後の消泡率と実施例の６０分後の消泡率がほぼ同等である。このことから、実施例の気泡は、大気圧下、加圧下に関わらず経時の安定性が高いことがわかる。 It can be seen that both the comparative example and the example show similar defoaming behavior under pressure and atmospheric pressure. Under pressure, the defoaming rate after 10 minutes in the comparative example and the defoaming rate after 60 minutes in the example are almost the same. From this, it can be seen that the bubbles in the examples have high stability over time regardless of atmospheric pressure or pressure.
＜増粘剤添加時の消泡性試験＞
表３の実施例１と比較例３の起泡剤組成物を用いて、アクリル系高分子（製品名ＴＡＣスルー）を増粘剤として添加した場合の、気泡安定性について確認した。希釈水溶液濃度は１％、増粘剤希釈水濃度は、０．１％とした。発泡倍率は１０倍と２０倍で行った。消泡率の算出には１Ｌのメスシリンダーを用いた。
結果を表７に示した。表７中、「評価」は、表３と同じ基準で行った。
<Defoaming test when thickener is added>
Using the foaming agent compositions of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 in Table 3, the foam stability when an acrylic polymer (product name: TAC through) was added as a thickener was confirmed. The diluted aqueous solution concentration was 1%, and the thickener diluted water concentration was 0.1%. The expansion ratio was 10 times and 20 times. A 1 L graduated cylinder was used to calculate the defoaming rate.
The results are shown in Table 7. In Table 7, “Evaluation” was performed according to the same criteria as Table 3.
増粘剤を併用した場合は、発泡倍率にかかわらず、実施例の起泡剤組成物により、６０分経過後もほとんど消泡しない、更に安定した気泡が得られた。 When a thickener was used in combination, regardless of the expansion ratio, the foaming agent composition of the example gave a more stable bubble that hardly defoamed after 60 minutes.
＜塑性流動性試験その１、砂質土＞
表３の一部の実施例及び一部の比較例の起泡剤組成物を用いて評価した。
希釈水溶液濃度１％および発泡倍率１０倍に設定した。
模擬土に、表８の注入率で気泡を投入し、塑性流動性を確認した。ベーンせん断強度が１．０ｋＰａ程度となる時の注入率を比較した。模擬土は、表２の砂質土を用いた。
結果を表８に示した。表８中、「評価」は、以下の基準で行った。同じ評価の場合、同じ注入率で対比したベーンせん断強さの値が小さい方が好ましい。
注入率１５％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：◎
注入率２０％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：○
注入率２５％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：△
注入率３０％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：×
<Plastic fluidity test part 1, sandy soil>
It evaluated using the foaming agent composition of a part of Example of Table 3, and a part of comparative example.
The diluted aqueous solution concentration was set to 1% and the expansion ratio was 10 times.
Bubbles were introduced into the simulated soil at the injection rate shown in Table 8, and the plastic fluidity was confirmed. The injection rates when the vane shear strength was about 1.0 kPa were compared. As the simulated soil, sandy soil shown in Table 2 was used.
The results are shown in Table 8. In Table 8, “evaluation” was performed according to the following criteria. In the case of the same evaluation, it is preferable that the value of the vane shear strength compared with the same injection rate is smaller.
An injection rate of 15% and a vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less:
The injection rate is 20% and the vane shear strength is 1 kPa or less: ○
Vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less at an injection rate of 25%:
Vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less at an injection rate of 30%: ×
砂質土の場合、比較例では、ベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ程度になるには注入率２５％が必要であったが、実施例では注入率２０％で同等の塑性流動性が得られた。すなわち、実施例では、どの配合も５％（５ポイント）注入率が低減できることがわかる。 In the case of sandy soil, in the comparative example, an injection rate of 25% was necessary for the vane shear strength to be about 1 kPa, but in the example, an equivalent plastic fluidity was obtained at an injection rate of 20%. In other words, in the examples, it can be seen that the injection rate can be reduced by 5% (5 points) in any formulation.
＜塑性流動性試験その２、粘性土＞
表３の実施例及び一部の比較例の起泡剤組成物を用いて評価した。
希釈水溶液濃度１％および発泡倍率１０倍又は７倍に設定した。
模擬土に所定量の気泡を投入し、塑性流動性を確認した。ベーンせん断強度が１．０ｋＰａの時の注入率を比較する。模擬土は、表２の粘性土を用いた。
結果を表９に示した。表９中、「評価」は、以下の基準で行った。同じ評価の場合、同じ注入率で対比したベーンせん断強さの値が小さい方が好ましい。
注入率３０％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：◎
注入率３５％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：○
注入率４０％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：△
注入率４５％でベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ以下：×
<Plastic fluidity test # 2, viscous soil>
It evaluated using the foaming agent composition of the Example of Table 3, and a part of comparative example.
The diluted aqueous solution concentration was set to 1% and the expansion ratio was 10 times or 7 times.
A predetermined amount of bubbles was introduced into the simulated soil, and the plastic fluidity was confirmed. The injection rate when the vane shear strength is 1.0 kPa is compared. As the simulated soil, the viscous soil shown in Table 2 was used.
The results are shown in Table 9. In Table 9, “evaluation” was performed according to the following criteria. In the case of the same evaluation, it is preferable that the value of the vane shear strength compared with the same injection rate is smaller.
An injection rate of 30% and a vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less:
Vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less at an injection rate of 35%: ○
Vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less at an injection rate of 40%:
Vane shear strength of 1 kPa or less at an injection rate of 45%: ×
粘性土で発泡倍率１０倍の場合、比較例では、ベーンせん断強さが１ｋＰａ程度になるには注入率４０％が必要であったが、実施例では注入率３０％で同等のベーンせん断強さが得られた。また、発泡倍率７倍の場合は、実施例１では注入率２５％で比較例と同等のベーンせん断強さが得られた。すなわち、実施例では、１０％程度（１０ポイント程度）注入率が低減できることがわかる。 When the foaming ratio is 10 times with viscous soil, in the comparative example, an injection rate of 40% was necessary for the vane shear strength to be about 1 kPa. It was. When the expansion ratio was 7 times, in Example 1, the vane shear strength equivalent to that of the comparative example was obtained at an injection rate of 25%. That is, it can be seen that in the example, the injection rate can be reduced by about 10% (about 10 points).
＜塑性流動性試験その３、砂質土、希釈水溶液濃度＞
表３の実施例１の起泡剤組成物について、希釈水溶液の濃度と注入率の違いによる塑性流動性を確認した。発泡倍率は１０倍で行った。模擬土は、表２の砂質土を用いた。
結果を表１０に示した。表１０中、「評価」は、表８と同じ基準で行った。
<Plastic fluidity test # 3, sandy soil, dilute aqueous solution concentration>
About the foaming agent composition of Example 1 of Table 3, the plastic fluidity by the difference of the density | concentration of dilution aqueous solution and an injection rate was confirmed. The expansion ratio was 10 times. As the simulated soil, sandy soil shown in Table 2 was used.
The results are shown in Table 10. In Table 10, “evaluation” was performed according to the same criteria as in Table 8.
砂質土の場合、希釈水溶液濃度１％、注入率２０％で得られるベーンせん断強さと同等の値が、希釈水溶液濃度２〜３％であれば注入率１５％程度で、また、希釈水溶液濃度５％であれば注入率１０％程度で達成可能である。実施例１のように気泡単味の安定性が高い起泡剤組成物であれば、希釈水溶液濃度が高いほど塑性流動性が向上することがわかる。 In the case of sandy soil, if the value equivalent to the vane shear strength obtained at a diluted aqueous solution concentration of 1% and an injection rate of 20% is 2-3%, the injection rate is about 15%. If it is 5%, it can be achieved with an injection rate of about 10%. It can be seen that the plastic flowability is improved as the concentration of the diluted aqueous solution is increased in the foaming agent composition having high stability of simple bubbles as in Example 1.
＜塑性流動性試験その４、粘性土、希釈水溶液濃度＞
表３の実施例１の起泡剤組成物について、希釈水溶液の濃度と注入率の違いによる塑性流動性を確認した。発泡倍率は１０倍で行った。模擬土は、表２の粘性土を用いた。
結果を表１１に示した。表１１中、「評価」は、表９と同じ基準で行った。
<Plastic fluidity test # 4, viscous soil, diluted aqueous solution concentration>
About the foaming agent composition of Example 1 of Table 3, the plastic fluidity by the difference of the density | concentration of dilution aqueous solution and an injection rate was confirmed. The expansion ratio was 10 times. As the simulated soil, the viscous soil shown in Table 2 was used.
The results are shown in Table 11. In Table 11, “evaluation” was performed according to the same criteria as in Table 9.
粘性土の場合、希釈水溶液濃度１％、注入率３５％で得られるベーンせん断強さと同等の値が、希釈水溶液濃度２〜３％であれば注入率３０％程度で、また、希釈水溶液濃度５％であれば注入率２５％で達成可能である。粘性土においても希釈水溶液濃度が高いほど塑性流動性が向上するがことがわかる。 In the case of cohesive soil, if the vane shear strength obtained at a diluted aqueous solution concentration of 1% and an injection rate of 35% is a diluted aqueous solution concentration of 2-3%, the injection rate is about 30%, and the diluted aqueous solution concentration is 5%. % Can be achieved at an injection rate of 25%. It can be seen that the plastic fluidity improves as the concentration of the diluted aqueous solution increases even in the clay.
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| CN108643929A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-12 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | A kind of compound stratum shield sediment improvement construction system and its construction method |
| CN109339806A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-15 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | For handling the incrusted oxidizing digestion method of shield cutter |
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| JP2003314191A (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-06 | Kao Corp | Foaming agent for use in foam shielding method |
| JP2008150499A (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-03 | Kao Corp | Liquid detergent article |
| JP2012087228A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-05-10 | Kao Corp | Liquid detergent composition |
| JP2016079771A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-05-16 | 株式会社大林組 | Foam shielding method |
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| US6485233B1 (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 2002-11-26 | Mbt Holding Ag | Foaming composition |
| JP2003314191A (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-06 | Kao Corp | Foaming agent for use in foam shielding method |
| JP2008150499A (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2008-07-03 | Kao Corp | Liquid detergent article |
| JP2012087228A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-05-10 | Kao Corp | Liquid detergent composition |
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| CN108643929A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-10-12 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | A kind of compound stratum shield sediment improvement construction system and its construction method |
| CN109339806A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-15 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | For handling the incrusted oxidizing digestion method of shield cutter |
| CN109339806B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-08-11 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | Oxidation digestion method for treating mud cake formed on shield cutter head |
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