JP2018061967A - Welding method - Google Patents

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JP2018061967A
JP2018061967A JP2016200646A JP2016200646A JP2018061967A JP 2018061967 A JP2018061967 A JP 2018061967A JP 2016200646 A JP2016200646 A JP 2016200646A JP 2016200646 A JP2016200646 A JP 2016200646A JP 2018061967 A JP2018061967 A JP 2018061967A
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welding
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welding method
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JP6741547B2 (en
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結城 嶋田
Yuki Shimada
結城 嶋田
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a welding method capable of obtaining a merit of a TIG welding method and a merit of a MIG welding method.SOLUTION: In a welding method for performing arc-welding by a welding torch 108 to two members to be welded (a first workpiece part 12A and a second workpiece part 12B) each having different board thickness, welding is performed by differentiating, according to the board thickness, respectively each motion trajectory of at least arc to the two members to be welded and the welding torch 108 to the two members to be welded.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

本発明は、溶接方法に関し、例えばＭＩＧ溶接等のアーク溶接に適用して好適な溶接方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a welding method, and more particularly to a welding method suitable for application to arc welding such as MIG welding.

従来、アーク溶接方法として、例えば特許文献１記載のアーク溶接方法がある。この方法は、非消耗電極を溶接進行方向の左右方向にウィービングさせつつ溶加材を送給して行う非消耗電極式アーク溶接方法（ＴＩＧ溶接方法）であって、非消耗電極の上記左右方向への往復移動と、左右に往復移動せずにウィービングの中心線上を溶接進行方向に進行する移動とを繰り返し行う。そして、非消耗電極の上記左右方向への往復移動中に、溶接電流値及び溶加材送給速度のうちの少なくとも一方を増大させるようにしている。なお、トーチのウィービング軌跡としては、特許文献１の図３に示す軌跡や、特許文献２の図７等が挙げられる。   Conventionally, as an arc welding method, for example, there is an arc welding method described in Patent Document 1. This method is a non-consumable electrode arc welding method (TIG welding method) in which a filler metal is fed while weaving a non-consumable electrode in the left-right direction of the welding progress direction. And reciprocating to the left and right and reciprocating left and right without moving back and forth are repeated on the center line of the weaving. During the reciprocating movement of the non-consumable electrode in the left-right direction, at least one of the welding current value and the filler material feeding speed is increased. In addition, as a weaving locus | trajectory of a torch, the locus | trajectory shown in FIG. 3 of patent document 1, FIG. 7 of patent document 2, etc. are mentioned.

特許第３８２７６５８号公報Japanese Patent No. 3827658 特開２００４−１４１９３９号公報JP 2004-141939 A

ところで、特許文献１記載のアーク溶接方法は、いわゆるＴＩＧ溶接方法である。ＴＩＧ溶接方法は、スパッタの発生がほとんどなく、ビード外観がフラットで美しく、内部欠陥もほとんど発生しにくいというメリットがある。   By the way, the arc welding method described in Patent Document 1 is a so-called TIG welding method. The TIG welding method has the merits that almost no spatter is generated, the bead appearance is flat and beautiful, and internal defects hardly occur.

しかし、ＴＩＧ溶接方法は、溶接速度が遅く、溶着効率も低いという問題がある。また、溶接ワイヤの挿入角等、セッティングパラメータが多いため、自動化にコストがかかるという問題もある。   However, the TIG welding method has a problem that the welding speed is slow and the welding efficiency is low. In addition, since there are many setting parameters such as the insertion angle of the welding wire, there is a problem in that automation is costly.

一方、自動送給される溶接ワイヤ（溶接トーチ）と母材との間にアークを発生させて、母材と一緒に溶接ワイヤを溶かして、開先部に溶接ビードを形成するＭＩＧ溶接方法がある。このＭＩＧ溶接方法は、溶接速度が速く、溶着効率が高いというメリットがあり、しかも、セッティングパラメータが少ないため、自動化が容易であるというメリットもある。   On the other hand, there is an MIG welding method in which an arc is generated between a welding wire (welding torch) that is automatically fed and a base material, the welding wire is melted together with the base material, and a weld bead is formed in the groove portion. is there. This MIG welding method has the merit that the welding speed is high and the welding efficiency is high, and further, since there are few setting parameters, there is also the merit that automation is easy.

しかし、ＭＩＧ溶接方法は、スパッタが発生しやすく、凸状ビードになり易く、内部欠陥が発生し易いという問題がある。   However, the MIG welding method has a problem that spatter is likely to occur, a convex bead is likely to occur, and internal defects are likely to occur.

本発明は上述した問題を解決するためになされたものであり、ＴＩＧ溶接方法のメリットとＭＩＧ溶接方法のメリットを得ることができる溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a welding method capable of obtaining the merits of the TIG welding method and the MIG welding method.

［１］ 本発明に係る溶接方法は、それぞれ板厚が異なる２つの被溶接部材に対し、溶接トーチによってアーク溶接を行う溶接方法であって、前記板厚に応じて、少なくとも前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部へのアーク並びに前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対する前記溶接トーチの動作軌道をそれぞれ異ならせて溶接を行うことを特徴とする。 [1] A welding method according to the present invention is a welding method in which arc welding is performed with a welding torch on two members to be welded having different plate thicknesses, and at least the two to-be-welded items are selected according to the plate thickness. Welding is performed by making the arc to the groove portion of the member and the operation trajectory of the welding torch with respect to the groove portions of the two welded members different from each other.

本発明は、例えば２つの被溶接部材に対してアーク溶接を行う溶接トーチと、溶接トーチを作動する溶接ロボットと、ワイヤ送給装置と溶接ロボットの動作及び電流と電圧を制御する制御装置とを備えた溶接装置、例えばＭＩＧ溶接装置に適用して好適である。   The present invention includes, for example, a welding torch that performs arc welding on two members to be welded, a welding robot that operates the welding torch, a wire feeding device, and a controller that controls the operation, current, and voltage of the welding robot. It is suitable for application to a provided welding apparatus, for example, a MIG welding apparatus.

そして、本発明は、それぞれ板厚が異なる２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対し、溶接トーチによってアーク溶接を行う。この場合、前記板厚に応じて、少なくとも２つの被溶接部材の開先部へのアーク並びに２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対する溶接トーチの動作軌道をそれぞれ異ならせて溶接を行う。   And this invention performs arc welding with the welding torch with respect to the groove part of two to-be-welded members from which plate | board thickness differs, respectively. In this case, welding is performed with different arcs to the groove portions of at least two members to be welded and different operation orbits of the welding torch with respect to the groove portions of the two members to be welded according to the plate thickness.

これにより、２つの被溶接部材の開先部の大きさに応じた溶着部材（溶接ビード）の溶着体積を得ることができ、ビード形状の品質の向上、溶接強度の向上を図ることができる。しかも、ＭＩＧ溶接の方式で溶接を行うことができるため、ＭＩＧ溶接のメリット、すなわち、溶接速度が速く、溶込み深さが深く、溶着効率が高く、自動化が容易であるというメリットを享受することができる。   Thereby, the welding volume of the welding member (weld bead) according to the magnitude | size of the groove part of two to-be-welded members can be obtained, and the improvement of bead shape quality and the improvement of welding strength can be aimed at. Moreover, since the welding can be performed by the MIG welding method, the advantages of MIG welding, that is, the welding speed is high, the penetration depth is deep, the welding efficiency is high, and the automation is easy. Can do.

［２］ 本発明において、前記溶接トーチを通じて供給される溶接ワイヤの径を選定し、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部の断面積に応じた前記溶接ワイヤの供給量（送給量）の設定の幅を広げて、溶接を行う。 [2] In the present invention, the diameter of the welding wire supplied through the welding torch is selected, and the welding wire supply amount (feed amount) according to the cross-sectional area of the groove portion of the two welded members is selected. Weld with wider setting range.

これにより、２つの被溶接部材の開先部の断面積に応じた溶接ワイヤの最適な送給量を設定することができ、開先部に形成されるビードの形状品質、溶接強度等を向上させることができる。   As a result, it is possible to set the optimum feeding amount of the welding wire in accordance with the cross-sectional area of the groove portion of the two welded members, and improve the shape quality, weld strength, etc. of the bead formed in the groove portion. Can be made.

［３］ 本発明において、前記２つの被溶接部材のうち、板厚の大きい被溶接部材へのアークを大きく、板厚の小さい被溶接部材へのアークを小さくして溶接を行うことが好ましい。 [3] In the present invention, it is preferable to perform welding by increasing an arc to a member to be welded having a large plate thickness and reducing an arc to a member to be welded having a small plate thickness among the two members to be welded.

２つの被溶接部材へのアークは、溶接ワイヤの送給量の選定にもつながる。板厚の大きい被溶接部材へのアークを大きく、板厚の小さい被溶接部材へのアークを小さくすることで、溶接ワイヤの供給量（送給量）の設定の幅を広げることが可能となり、開先部に形成されるビードの形状品質、溶接強度等を向上させることができる。しかも、２つの被溶接部材に共に大きなアークを流す必要がなくなるため、母材が溶け落ちることがない。   The arc to the two members to be welded also leads to selection of the feed amount of the welding wire. By increasing the arc to the workpiece to be welded with a large plate thickness and reducing the arc to the workpiece to be welded with a small plate thickness, it becomes possible to widen the setting range of the supply amount (feed amount) of the welding wire, The shape quality, weld strength, etc. of the bead formed in the groove part can be improved. Moreover, since it is not necessary to flow a large arc through the two members to be welded, the base material does not melt.

［４］ 本発明において、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対する前記溶接トーチの動作軌道は、それぞれ円弧状の動作軌道であって、前記開先部の中央よりも板厚の大きい被溶接部材寄りの位置を境として、前記板厚の大きい被溶接部材側の動作軌道の振幅が、それ以外の動作軌道の振幅より小さいことが好ましい。 [4] In the present invention, the operation trajectory of the welding torch with respect to the groove portions of the two welded members is an arc-shaped operation trajectory, and has a thickness greater than the center of the groove portion. It is preferable that the amplitude of the motion trajectory on the side of the member to be welded with a large plate thickness is smaller than the amplitude of the other motion trajectory with the position closer to the member as a boundary.

板厚の大きい被溶接部材に対する溶接トーチの動作軌道は、大きい板厚に対応した小さい振幅の動作軌道が割り当てられ、板厚の小さい被溶接部材に対する溶接トーチの動作軌道は、小さい板厚に対応した大きい振幅の動作軌道が割り当てられる。   The motion trajectory of the welding torch for the workpiece to be welded with a large thickness is assigned a motion trajectory with a small amplitude corresponding to the large thickness, and the motion trajectory of the welding torch for the workpiece to be welded with a small thickness corresponds to a small thickness. A large amplitude motion trajectory is assigned.

これにより、板厚の大きい被溶接部材に対しては曲率の大きい例えば円弧状の動作軌道が割り当てられ、板厚の小さい被溶接部材に対しては曲率の小さい例えば円弧状の動作軌道が割り当てられる。   Thereby, for example, an arcuate motion trajectory having a large curvature is assigned to a member to be welded having a large plate thickness, and an arcuate motion trajectory having a small curvature is assigned to a member to be welded having a small plate thickness. .

その結果、２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対して、外観の良好なうろこ形状のビードを形成することができる。これは、溶接強度の向上につながる。良好な外観とは、（１）各うろこ形状が２／３以上のラップ率であって、且つ、ラップ率がほぼ均等、（２）各うろこ形状のビード幅がほぼ均等、（３）ビードの蛇行幅が１ｍｍ以内等に溶接されたビード形状であれば好ましい。   As a result, a scale-shaped bead with good appearance can be formed on the groove portions of the two welded members. This leads to an improvement in welding strength. Good appearance means (1) each scale shape has a wrap ratio of 2/3 or more, and the wrap ratio is almost uniform, (2) each scale-shaped bead width is almost uniform, (3) bead A bead shape welded to have a meandering width of 1 mm or less is preferable.

［５］ この場合、板厚の大きい被溶接部材に対する前記動作軌道は、円形状の周の一部（円弧状）に沿った軌道であり、板厚の小さい被溶接部材に対する前記動作軌道は、楕円形状の周の一部（楕円状と記す）に沿った軌道であることが好ましい。 [5] In this case, the motion trajectory with respect to the member to be welded with a large plate thickness is a trajectory along a part of a circular circumference (arc shape), and the motion trajectory with respect to the member to be welded with a small plate thickness is It is preferable that the track be along a part of the circumference of the ellipse (denoted as an ellipse).

これにより、板厚の大きい被溶接部材に対してはピッチの小さな円弧状の動作軌道が割り当てられ、板厚の小さい被溶接部材に対してはピッチの大きな楕円状の動作軌道が割り当てられる。その結果、２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対して、外観の良好なうろこ形状のビードを形成することができる。これは、溶接強度の向上につながる。   Thereby, an arc-shaped motion trajectory having a small pitch is assigned to a member to be welded having a large plate thickness, and an elliptical motion trajectory having a large pitch is assigned to a member to be welded having a small thickness. As a result, a scale-shaped bead with good appearance can be formed on the groove portions of the two welded members. This leads to an improvement in welding strength.

［６］ 本発明において、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部の断面積に応じて、少なくとも前記溶接ワイヤの供給量、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部へのアーク及び前記溶接トーチの動作軌道を設定して溶接を行うことが好ましい。 [6] In the present invention, according to the cross-sectional area of the groove portions of the two welded members, at least the supply amount of the welding wire, the arc to the groove portions of the two welded members, and the welding torch It is preferable to perform welding by setting an operation track.

これにより、母材に対して必要以上に大きな電流を供給することなく、開先部に対して溶接に必要な量の溶接ワイヤを供給することができ、しかも、開先部に対して、外観の良好なビードを形成することができる。   As a result, it is possible to supply the welding wire in an amount necessary for welding to the groove portion without supplying an unnecessarily large current to the base material, and to the groove portion, Good bead can be formed.

［７］ 本発明において、前記２つの被溶接部材の継手に機械加工を実施しない状態で、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部への１層目の溶接で前記アーク溶接を完了させることが好ましい。 [7] In the present invention, the arc welding may be completed by the first layer welding to the groove portion of the two welded members without machining the joint of the two welded members. preferable.

これにより、継手に機械加工を実施せず、２層目の溶接を実施しないため、サイクルタイムを大幅に低減することができる。しかも、開先部に対して、外観の良好なビードを形成することができる。   Thereby, since machining is not performed on the joint and the second layer welding is not performed, the cycle time can be significantly reduced. Moreover, a bead having a good appearance can be formed on the groove portion.

［８］ 本発明において、前記溶接ワイヤがＭＩＧ溶接で使用される溶接ワイヤであることが好ましい。 [8] In the present invention, the welding wire is preferably a welding wire used in MIG welding.

ＭＩＧ溶接の方式で溶接を行うことができるため、ＭＩＧ溶接のメリット、すなわち、溶接速度が速く、溶込み深さが深く、溶着効率が高く、自動化が容易であるというメリットを享受することができる。   Since welding can be performed by the MIG welding method, the advantages of MIG welding, that is, the welding speed is fast, the penetration depth is deep, the welding efficiency is high, and the automation is easy can be enjoyed. .

［９］ 本発明において、前記２つの被溶接部材のうち、基準側の前記被溶接部材のティーチングを基に、前記溶接トーチの動作軌道の中心線を設定することが好ましい。これにより、開先部に対するビードの肉盛りの過不足が発生することなく、外観の良好なビードを形成することができる。 [9] In the present invention, it is preferable to set a center line of an operation track of the welding torch based on teaching of the welded member on the reference side among the two welded members. Thereby, it is possible to form a bead having a good appearance without causing excessive or insufficient build-up of the bead to the groove portion.

本発明に係る溶接方法によれば、以下のように、ＴＩＧ溶接方法のメリットとＭＩＧ溶接方法のメリットを得ることができる。
（ｉ） スパッタがほとんど発生しない。
（ｉｉ） ビードの外観がフラットで美しい。
（ｉｉｉ） 溶接速度が速い。
（ｉｖ） 溶着効率が高い。
（ｖ） セッティングパラメータが少ないため、自動化が容易である。 According to the welding method of the present invention, the advantages of the TIG welding method and the MIG welding method can be obtained as follows.
(I) Spatter hardly occurs.
(Ii) The appearance of the bead is flat and beautiful.
(Iii) The welding speed is high.
(Iv) The welding efficiency is high.
(V) Since there are few setting parameters, automation is easy.

本実施の形態に係る溶接方法で溶接処理される被溶接部材（ワーク）の一例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows an example of the to-be-welded member (work) welded with the welding method which concerns on this Embodiment. ワークを溶接線に垂直な面（ＹＺ平面）で切断して示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which cut | disconnects and shows a workpiece | work by the surface (YZ plane) perpendicular | vertical to a welding line. 図３Ａは本実施の形態に係る溶接方法を実現する溶接装置の構成を示すブロック図であり、図３Ｂは溶接によって第１ワーク部分と第２ワーク部分間の開先部にビードを形成した状態を示す断面図である。FIG. 3A is a block diagram showing a configuration of a welding apparatus that realizes the welding method according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 3B shows a state in which beads are formed in a groove portion between the first workpiece portion and the second workpiece portion by welding. FIG. 制御部により実行される溶接処理の一部を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows a part of welding process performed by the control part. 図５Ａは第１ワーク部分を基準側（固定側）、第２ワーク部分を差し込み側（合わせ部品側）とした場合のワークの断面を溶接トーチと共に示す断面図であり、図５Ｂはワークの開先部への溶接トーチの動作軌道の一例を一部省略して示す平面図である。FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the work together with a welding torch when the first work portion is the reference side (fixed side) and the second work portion is the insertion side (matching part side), and FIG. It is a top view which abbreviate | omits and shows an example of the operation | movement trajectory of the welding torch to a front part. 図６Ａは第２ワーク部分を基準側（固定側）、第１ワーク部分を差し込み側（合わせ部品側）とした場合のワークの断面を溶接トーチと共に示す断面図であり、図６Ｂはワークの開先部への溶接トーチの動作軌道の一例を一部省略して示す平面図である。FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the work together with a welding torch when the second work portion is the reference side (fixed side) and the first work portion is the insertion side (matching part side), and FIG. It is a top view which abbreviate | omits and shows an example of the operation | movement trajectory of the welding torch to a front part. 図７Ａは溶接方向に沿って形成されるうろこ形状のビードの外観形状の一例を示す説明図であり、図７Ｂはビードのラップ率を示す説明図であり、図７Ｃはビードの蛇行幅を示す説明図である。FIG. 7A is an explanatory view showing an example of the appearance of a scale-shaped bead formed along the welding direction, FIG. 7B is an explanatory view showing the wrap rate of the bead, and FIG. 7C shows the meandering width of the bead. It is explanatory drawing. 図８Ａはワークの開先部への溶接トーチの動作軌道の他の例を一部省略して示す平面図であり、図８Ｂはその断面図である。FIG. 8A is a plan view showing another example of the operation trajectory of the welding torch to the groove portion of the work, with a part thereof omitted, and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view thereof. 図９Ａはワークのうち、最大の隙間幅を有する開先部を示す断面図であり、図９Ｂはワークのうち、狭い隙間幅の開先部を示す断面図であり、図９Ｃは狭い隙間幅の開先部に基づいて動作軌道を設定した場合の不都合点を示す断面図である。9A is a cross-sectional view showing a groove portion having the largest gap width among the workpieces, FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view showing a groove portion having a narrow gap width among the workpieces, and FIG. 9C is a narrow gap width. It is sectional drawing which shows the inconvenience at the time of setting an operation | movement trajectory based on this groove part. ワークの開先部を溶接方向（Ｘ方向）に直交する平面で切断した形状の面積を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the area of the shape which cut | disconnected the groove part of the workpiece | work by the plane orthogonal to a welding direction (X direction).

以下、本発明に係る溶接方法の実施の形態例を図１〜図１０を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the welding method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

先ず、本実施の形態に係る溶接方法は、図１に示すように、それぞれ板厚が異なる２つの被溶接部材（第１被溶接部材１２Ａ及び第２被溶接部材１２Ｂ）に対してアーク溶接を行う。なお、第１被溶接部材１２Ａ及び第２被溶接部材１２Ｂを総称してワーク１０と称し、第１被溶接部材１２Ａを第１ワーク部分１２Ａ、第２被溶接部材１２Ｂを第２ワーク部分１２Ｂと称する場合がある。   First, in the welding method according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, arc welding is performed on two welded members (first welded member 12A and second welded member 12B) having different plate thicknesses. Do. Note that the first welded member 12A and the second welded member 12B are collectively referred to as a workpiece 10, the first welded member 12A is the first workpiece portion 12A, and the second welded member 12B is the second workpiece portion 12B. Sometimes called.

ワーク１０は、例えばアルミニウムや鉄等にて構成され、端部同士が相互に溶接される第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂを有する。第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの相互に隣接する端部に沿った溶接線に沿って幾何学量が測定される。ワーク１０としては、例えばオートバイのフレームが該当する。以下の説明で使用されるＸＹＺ座標系は、溶接方向がＸ軸の正方向であり、Ｙ軸の正方向が溶接方向（正方向）に対して右方向であり、Ｚ軸の正方向がＸ軸及びＹ軸に直交する方向である。なお、Ｚ軸の正方向としては、上下方向、水平方向、斜め方向等、様々な方向が想定される。この明細書では、説明を簡単にするために、Ｚ軸の正方向を上方向としているが、それに限定されない。   The workpiece 10 is made of, for example, aluminum, iron, or the like, and includes a first workpiece portion 12A and a second workpiece portion 12B whose end portions are welded to each other. The geometric quantity is measured along the weld line along the mutually adjacent ends of the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B. For example, a motorcycle frame corresponds to the workpiece 10. In the XYZ coordinate system used in the following description, the welding direction is the positive direction of the X axis, the positive direction of the Y axis is the right direction with respect to the welding direction (positive direction), and the positive direction of the Z axis is X It is a direction orthogonal to the axis and the Y axis. In addition, as the positive direction of the Z axis, various directions such as a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, and an oblique direction are assumed. In this specification, in order to simplify the description, the positive direction of the Z-axis is the upward direction, but the present invention is not limited to this.

図２は、ワーク１０を溶接線に垂直な面（ＹＺ平面）で切断して示す断面図である。ここで、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの平均板厚ｔａは、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの平均板厚ｔｂよりも大きい（ｔａ＞ｔｂ）。   FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the workpiece 10 cut along a plane (YZ plane) perpendicular to the weld line. Here, the average plate thickness ta of the first workpiece portion 12A is larger than the average plate thickness tb of the second workpiece portion 12B (ta> tb).

板厚の大きい第１ワーク部分１２Ａは、図２に示すように、板厚の大きい第１部位１４ａと、該第１部位１４ａの先端に一体に設けられた板厚の小さい第２部位１４ｂとを有する。第２ワーク部分１２Ｂは、厚みがほぼ一定とされた平板状を有する。   As shown in FIG. 2, the first workpiece portion 12A having a large plate thickness includes a first portion 14a having a large plate thickness, and a second portion 14b having a small plate thickness integrally provided at the tip of the first portion 14a. Have The second work part 12B has a flat plate shape with a substantially constant thickness.

そして、板厚の小さい第２ワーク部分１２Ｂが上記第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第２部位１４ｂに重ねられることで、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１部位１４ａの側面１６（斜面）、第２部位１４ｂの上面１８及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの側面２０（斜面）にて区画された開先部２２が形成される。開先部２２の断面形状は、台形状あるいは三角形状とされている。図２において、開先部２２の寸法としては、例えば上側の隙間Ｗａが５〜１４ｍｍ、下側の隙間Ｗｂが０〜３ｍｍ、高さｈが５ｍｍとされている。これらの寸法はあくまでも一例であり、アーク溶接において好適な種々の寸法を採用することができる。   Then, the second work part 12B having a small thickness is overlapped with the second part 14b of the first work part 12A, whereby the side face 16 (slope) of the first part 14a of the first work part 12A, the second part 14b. A groove portion 22 defined by the upper surface 18 and the side surface 20 (slope) of the second work part 12B is formed. The cross-sectional shape of the groove portion 22 is a trapezoidal shape or a triangular shape. In FIG. 2, as the dimensions of the groove portion 22, for example, the upper gap Wa is 5 to 14 mm, the lower gap Wb is 0 to 3 mm, and the height h is 5 mm. These dimensions are merely examples, and various dimensions suitable for arc welding can be employed.

第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１部位１４ａの側面１６と第２部位１４ｂの上面１８との境界２４と、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの端縁２６（第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１部位１４ａの斜面１６に向かう端縁）との間のＹ軸方向の距離として、第１ギャップＧａが形成されている。第１ギャップＧａは、開先部２２の下側の隙間Ｗｂと同じである。また、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの下面２８と、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第２部位１４ｂの上面１８との間のＺ軸方向の距離として、第２ギャップＧｂが形成されている。   The boundary 24 between the side surface 16 of the first part 14a of the first work part 12A and the upper surface 18 of the second part 14b, and the edge 26 of the second work part 12B (the slope 16 of the first part 14a of the first work part 12A). The first gap Ga is formed as the distance in the Y-axis direction between the first gap Ga and the edge of the first gap Ga. The first gap Ga is the same as the gap Wb below the groove portion 22. A second gap Gb is formed as a distance in the Z-axis direction between the lower surface 28 of the second work part 12B and the upper surface 18 of the second part 14b of the first work part 12A.

そして、本実施の形態に係る溶接方法を実現する溶接装置１００は、図３Ａ及び図３Ｂに示すように、溶接装置１００の各部を制御する制御部１０２と、制御部１０２に指示を与えるための操作部１０４と、ワーク１０に対して溶接を行うための溶接トーチ１０８と、溶接トーチ１０８に溶接ワイヤ１１２を供給するワイヤ供給部１１４と、溶接トーチ１０８にシールドガスを供給するガス供給部１１６と、溶接トーチ１０８を保持して動かす溶接ロボット１１８と、溶接ロボット１１８に溶接電流を供給する溶接電源１１９と、を備える。   And the welding apparatus 100 which implement | achieves the welding method which concerns on this Embodiment is for giving the instruction | indication to the control part 102 which controls each part of the welding apparatus 100, as shown to FIG. 3A and 3B, and the control part 102 An operation unit 104, a welding torch 108 for welding the workpiece 10, a wire supply unit 114 for supplying a welding wire 112 to the welding torch 108, and a gas supply unit 116 for supplying a shielding gas to the welding torch 108 A welding robot 118 that holds and moves the welding torch 108, and a welding power source 119 that supplies a welding current to the welding robot 118.

溶接ロボット１１８は、ロボット本体１２０（１台）とポジショナー１２２（１台）により構成される。ポジショナー１２２によりワーク１０が直接又は治具を介して保持され、位置決めされる。また、ロボット本体１２０により、溶接トーチ１０８が操作される。すなわち、制御部１０２は、ロボット本体１２０とポジショナー１２２を制御し、協調させて溶接作業を行う。   The welding robot 118 includes a robot main body 120 (one unit) and a positioner 122 (one unit). The positioner 122 holds and positions the workpiece 10 directly or via a jig. Further, the welding torch 108 is operated by the robot body 120. That is, the control unit 102 controls the robot body 120 and the positioner 122 and performs a welding operation in cooperation with each other.

図４は、制御部１０２により実行される溶接処理の一部を示すフローチャートである。この溶接処理は、ワーク１０の溶接対象部位である開先部２２にＭＩＧ溶接によって溶接ビード１２４（図３Ｂ参照）を形成しながら第１ワーク部分１２Ａと第２ワーク部分１２Ｂとを溶接する。特に、溶接ビード１２４の外観を良好にした状態でＭＩＧ溶接を行う。   FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a part of the welding process executed by the control unit 102. In this welding process, the first workpiece portion 12A and the second workpiece portion 12B are welded while forming a weld bead 124 (see FIG. 3B) by MIG welding on the groove portion 22 which is a welding target portion of the workpiece 10. In particular, MIG welding is performed with the appearance of the weld bead 124 being good.

すなわち、図４のステップＳ１において、制御部１０２は、溶接対象部位である開先部２２にＭＩＧ溶接を行うための溶接条件を設定する。溶接条件には、溶接トーチ１０８の動作軌道（パス）の設定等が含まれる。そして、ステップＳ２において、設定された溶接条件に従い、開先部２２に対してＭＩＧ溶接を行う。   That is, in step S1 of FIG. 4, the control unit 102 sets a welding condition for performing MIG welding on the groove portion 22 which is a welding target portion. The welding conditions include setting of the operation trajectory (pass) of the welding torch 108 and the like. In step S2, MIG welding is performed on the groove portion 22 in accordance with the set welding conditions.

開先部２２は、基準側（固定側）のワーク部分の開先部２２を基準にティーチングを行って開先部２２の溶接条件を設定する。   The groove portion 22 performs teaching based on the groove portion 22 of the workpiece portion on the reference side (fixed side) and sets the welding conditions for the groove portion 22.

例えば図５Ａに示すように、第１ワーク部分１２Ａが基準側（固定側）で、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂが差し込み側（合わせ部品側）であれば、基準側である第１ワーク部分１２Ａの開先部２２を基準としてティーチングを行って、開先部２２の溶接条件を設定する。第１ワーク部分１２Ａの開先部２２を構成する稜線を第１稜線１２６ａという。   For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, if the first work part 12A is on the reference side (fixed side) and the second work part 12B is on the insertion side (matching part side), the first work part 12A on the reference side is opened. Teaching is performed with the tip portion 22 as a reference, and welding conditions for the groove portion 22 are set. A ridge line constituting the groove portion 22 of the first work part 12A is referred to as a first ridge line 126a.

また、例えば図６Ａに示すように、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂが基準側（固定側）で、第１ワーク部分１２Ａが差し込み側（合わせ部品側）であれば、基準側である第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの開先部２２を基準としてティーチングを行って、開先部２２の溶接条件を設定する。第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの開先部２２を構成する稜線を第２稜線１２６ｂという。   For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, if the second work part 12B is on the reference side (fixed side) and the first work part 12A is on the insertion side (matching part side), the second work part 12B on the reference side. Teaching is performed on the basis of the groove portion 22 and the welding condition of the groove portion 22 is set. The ridge line constituting the groove portion 22 of the second work part 12B is referred to as a second ridge line 126b.

特に、本実施の形態に係る溶接方法では、ワーク１０の板厚に応じて、少なくとも第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂへのアーク並びに第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂに対する溶接トーチ１０８の動作軌道をそれぞれ異ならせて溶接を行う。   In particular, in the welding method according to the present embodiment, at least the arc to the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B and the welding to the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B according to the plate thickness of the work 10. Welding is performed with different operating trajectories of the torch 108.

本実施の形態では、具体的に、以下の方式（Ａ）〜（Ｆ）にてＭＩＧ溶接を行う。   In the present embodiment, specifically, MIG welding is performed by the following methods (A) to (F).

（Ａ） 図３Ｂに示すように、溶接トーチ１０８を通じて供給される溶接ワイヤ１１２の径Ｄｗ（直径）を変更し、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの開先部２２の断面積に応じた溶接ワイヤ１１２の供給量（送給量）の選択の幅を広げて、溶接を行う。これにより、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの開先部２２の断面積に応じた溶接ワイヤ１１２の最適な送給量を設定することができ、開先部２２に形成されるビード１２４の形状品質、溶接強度等を向上させることができる。 (A) As shown in FIG. 3B, the diameter Dw (diameter) of the welding wire 112 supplied through the welding torch 108 is changed, and the cross-sectional areas of the groove portions 22 of the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B are changed. Welding is performed by expanding the range of selection of the supply amount (feed amount) of the corresponding welding wire 112. Thereby, the optimal feeding amount of the welding wire 112 according to the cross-sectional area of the groove part 22 of the 1st work part 12A and the 2nd work part 12B can be set, and the bead formed in the groove part 22 The shape quality, weld strength, etc. of 124 can be improved.

（Ｂ） 板厚の大きい第１ワーク部分１２Ａへのアークを大きく、板厚の小さい第２ワーク部分１２Ｂへのアークを小さくして溶接を行う。 (B) Welding is performed by increasing the arc to the first workpiece portion 12A having a large plate thickness and decreasing the arc to the second workpiece portion 12B having a small plate thickness.

第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂへのアークは、溶接ワイヤ１１２の送給量の設定にもつながる。板厚の大きい第１ワーク部分１２Ａへのアークを大きく、板厚の小さい第２ワーク部分１２Ｂへのアークを小さくすることで、溶接ワイヤ１１２の供給量（送給量）の設定の幅を広げることが可能となり、開先部２２に形成されるビード１２４の形状品質、溶接強度等を向上させることができる。しかも、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂへのアークを共に大きくする必要がなくなるため、ワーク１０の母材が溶け落ちることがない。   The arc to the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B leads to the setting of the feed amount of the welding wire 112. By increasing the arc to the first workpiece portion 12A having a large plate thickness and reducing the arc to the second workpiece portion 12B having a small plate thickness, the width of setting of the supply amount (feed amount) of the welding wire 112 is widened. It is possible to improve the shape quality, weld strength, and the like of the bead 124 formed in the groove portion 22. Moreover, since it is not necessary to increase both the arcs to the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B, the base material of the work 10 does not melt.

（Ｃ） 例えば図５Ｂ及び図６Ｂに示すように、第１ワーク部分１２Ａと第２ワーク部分１２Ｂ間の開先部２２に対する溶接トーチ１０８（図５Ａ及び図６Ａ参照）の動作軌道１２８を、それぞれ円弧状の動作軌道１２８とする。この場合、開先部２２の中央よりも第１ワーク部分１２Ａ寄りの位置Ｐａ（溶接トーチ１０８の動作軌道の中心線）を境として、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ側の第１動作軌道１２８ａの振幅Ａａを、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂ側の第２動作軌道１２８ｂの振幅Ａｂより小さくする。 (C) For example, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 6B, the operation trajectories 128 of the welding torch 108 (see FIGS. 5A and 6A) for the groove portion 22 between the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B, respectively, An arc-shaped motion trajectory 128 is assumed. In this case, the amplitude Aa of the first motion track 128a on the first workpiece portion 12A side is defined by a boundary Pa (center line of the motion track of the welding torch 108) closer to the first workpiece portion 12A than the center of the groove portion 22. Is made smaller than the amplitude Ab of the second operation track 128b on the second work part 12B side.

例えば図５Ａに示すように、第１ワーク部分１２Ａが基準側（固定側）の場合、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１稜線１２６ａと第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの第２稜線１２６ｂとの間隔をＬとしたとき、以下の関係を有する位置を位置Ｐａとする。
（ａ） 第１稜線１２６ａから位置Ｐａまでの間隔がＡ×Ｌ
（ｂ） 第２稜線１２６ｂから位置Ｐａまでの間隔がＢ×Ｌ
（ｃ） Ｂ＞Ａ、Ａ＋Ｂ＝１
（ｄ） Ａ＝３／１０〜４／１０、Ｂ＝６／１０〜７／１０
好ましくは、Ａ＝４／１０、Ｂ＝６／１０ For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the first work part 12A is on the reference side (fixed side), the distance between the first ridge line 126a of the first work part 12A and the second ridge line 126b of the second work part 12B is L. Then, a position having the following relationship is defined as a position Pa.
(A) The distance from the first ridge line 126a to the position Pa is A × L
(B) The interval from the second ridgeline 126b to the position Pa is B × L
(C) B> A, A + B = 1
(D) A = 3/10 to 4/10, B = 6/10 to 7/10
Preferably, A = 4/10, B = 6/10

これにより、図５Ｂに示すように、板厚の大きい第１ワーク部分１２Ａに対しては、大きい板厚に対応した小さい振幅Ａａの第１動作軌道１２８ａが割り当てられ、板厚の小さい第２ワーク部分１２Ｂに対しては、小さい板厚に対応した大きい振幅Ａｂの第２動作軌道１２８ｂが割り当てられる。   As a result, as shown in FIG. 5B, the first work track 128a having a small amplitude Aa corresponding to the large plate thickness is assigned to the first workpiece portion 12A having a large plate thickness, and the second workpiece having a small plate thickness. A second motion trajectory 128b having a large amplitude Ab corresponding to a small plate thickness is assigned to the portion 12B.

また、例えば図６Ａに示すように、第２ワーク部分１２Ｂが基準側（固定側）の場合、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１稜線１２６ａと第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの第２稜線１２６ｂとの間隔をＬとしたとき、以下の関係を有する位置を位置Ｐａとする。
（ｅ） 第１稜線１２６ａから位置Ｐａまでの間隔がＣ×Ｌ
（ｆ） 第２稜線１２６ｂから位置Ｐａまでの間隔がＤ×Ｌ
（ｇ） Ｄ＞Ｃ、Ｃ＋Ｄ＝１
（ｈ） Ｃ＝３／１０〜４／１０、Ｂ＝６／１０〜７／１０
好ましくは、Ｃ＝４／１０、Ｄ＝６／１０ For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, when the second work part 12B is on the reference side (fixed side), the interval between the first ridge line 126a of the first work part 12A and the second ridge line 126b of the second work part 12B is set. When L is set, a position having the following relationship is defined as a position Pa.
(E) The distance from the first ridge line 126a to the position Pa is C × L
(F) The distance from the second ridgeline 126b to the position Pa is D × L
(G) D> C, C + D = 1
(H) C = 3/10 to 4/10, B = 6/10 to 7/10
Preferably, C = 4/10, D = 6/10

これにより、図６Ｂに示すように、板厚の大きい第１ワーク部分１２Ａに対しては、大きい板厚に対応した小さい振幅Ａａの第１動作軌道１２８ａが割り当てられ、板厚の小さい第２ワーク部分１２Ｂに対しては、小さい板厚に対応した大きい振幅Ａｂの第２動作軌道１２８ｂが割り当てられる。   As a result, as shown in FIG. 6B, the first work track 128a having a small amplitude Aa corresponding to the large plate thickness is assigned to the first workpiece portion 12A having a large plate thickness, and the second workpiece having a small plate thickness. A second motion trajectory 128b having a large amplitude Ab corresponding to a small plate thickness is assigned to the portion 12B.

換言すれば、開先部２２のうち、該開先部２２の中央よりも第１ワーク部分１２Ａ寄りの位置Ｐａを境として、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１部位１４ａ側（図２参照）に対しては曲率の大きい円弧状の動作軌道が割り当てられ、それ以外の部分（第２部位１４ｂの上面１８及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの側面２０）に対しては、曲率の小さい円弧状の動作軌道が割り当てられる。   In other words, in the groove portion 22, the position Pa closer to the first work portion 12 </ b> A than the center of the groove portion 22 is defined as the first part 14 a side (see FIG. 2) of the first work portion 12 </ b> A. On the other hand, an arc-shaped motion trajectory having a large curvature is assigned, and an arc-shaped motion trajectory having a small curvature is assigned to the other portions (the upper surface 18 of the second part 14b and the side surface 20 of the second work portion 12B). Is assigned.

その結果、開先部２２に対して、図７Ａに示すように、多数のうろこ形状１２４ａが溶接方向（例えばＸ方向）にそれぞれ一部が重畳（ラップ）した状態で配列された形状のビード１２４が形成され、特に、開先部２２に対するビード１２４の肉盛りの過不足が発生することなく、外観の良好なビード１２４を形成することができる。これは、溶接強度の向上につながる。良好な外観とは、例えば以下のような条件を満足することをいう。   As a result, as shown in FIG. 7A, the bead 124 having a shape in which a large number of scaly shapes 124 a are arranged in a state of being partially overlapped (wrapped) in the welding direction (for example, the X direction) with respect to the groove portion 22. In particular, the bead 124 having a good appearance can be formed without causing excessive or insufficient buildup of the bead 124 with respect to the groove portion 22. This leads to an improvement in welding strength. Good appearance means that the following conditions are satisfied, for example.

（１）例えば図７Ｂに示すように、各うろこ形状１２４ａのラップ率（うろこ形状のラップ長Ｌａ／うろこ形状の径Ｄａ）が４／６以上、５／６以下であることが好ましい。   (1) For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, the wrap ratio of each scale shape 124a (the scale length La of the scale shape / the diameter Da of the scale shape) is preferably 4/6 or more and 5/6 or less.

（２）例えば図７Ｃに示すように、ビード１２４の蛇行幅Ｗｔが１ｍｍ以内であることが好ましい。   (2) For example, as shown in FIG. 7C, the meandering width Wt of the bead 124 is preferably within 1 mm.

（Ｄ） 図８Ａ及び図８Ｂに示すように、開先部２２のうち、該開先部２２の中央よりも第１ワーク部分１２Ａ寄りの位置Ｐａを境として、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１部位１４ａ側に対する第３動作軌道１２８ｃは、円形状の周の一部（半円状や円弧状）に沿った軌道であり、それ以外の部分の第４動作軌道１２８ｄは、楕円形状の周の一部（半楕円状や楕円弧状）に沿った軌道である。 (D) As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the first work portion 12 </ b> A of the first work portion 12 </ b> A is defined with a position Pa closer to the first work portion 12 </ b> A than the center of the groove portion 22. The third motion trajectory 128c with respect to the part 14a is a trajectory along a part of a circular circumference (semicircle or arc), and the other fourth motion trajectory 128d is an elliptical circumference. A trajectory along a part (semi-elliptical or elliptical arc).

例えば図８Ｂに示すように、開先部２２のうち、該開先部２２の中央よりも第１ワーク部分１２Ａ寄りの位置Ｐａを境として、第１ワーク部分１２Ａの第１部位１４ａ側に対しては、小さい振幅Ａａの半円状や円弧状の第３動作軌道１２８ｃが割り当てられ、それ以外の部分に対しては、大きい振幅Ａｂの半楕円状や楕円弧状の第４動作軌道１２８ｄが割り当てられる。   For example, as shown in FIG. 8B, with respect to the first part 14a side of the first work part 12A, the groove part 22 has a position Pa closer to the first work part 12A than the center of the groove part 22 as a boundary. In this case, a semicircular or arc-shaped third motion trajectory 128c having a small amplitude Aa is assigned, and a semi-elliptical or elliptic arc-shaped fourth motion trajectory 128d having a large amplitude Ab is assigned to the other portion. It is done.

そして、溶接トーチ１０８の動作は、例えば図８Ａの（１）→（２）→（３）→（４）→（５）の順番で示すように、第３動作軌道１２８ｃから第４動作軌道１２８ｄへの動作でもよいし、（４）→（３）→（２）→（１）→（５）の順番で示すように、第４動作軌道１２８ｄから第３動作軌道１２８ｃへの動作でもよい。もちろん、その他の順番でもよい。   The operation of the welding torch 108 is, for example, as shown in the order of (1) → (2) → (3) → (4) → (5) in FIG. 8A, from the third operation track 128c to the fourth operation track 128d. The movement from the fourth movement path 128d to the third movement path 128c may be performed as shown in the order of (4) → (3) → (2) → (1) → (5). Of course, other orders may be used.

その結果、開先部２２に対して、上述した外観の良好なうろこ形状のビード１２４を形成することができる。これは、上記（ｃ）と同様に、溶接強度の向上につながる。   As a result, the above-described scaly bead 124 having a good appearance can be formed on the groove portion 22. This leads to an improvement in welding strength, as in (c) above.

（Ｅ） 図９Ａに示すように、上記（Ｃ）及び（Ｄ）に示す動作軌道を、ワーク１０に形成された開先部２２のうち、最大の隙間幅Ｗｍａｘを有する開先部２２に基づいて設定する。 (E) As shown in FIG. 9A, the motion trajectory shown in the above (C) and (D) is based on the groove portion 22 having the maximum gap width Wmax among the groove portions 22 formed in the workpiece 10. To set.

図９Ｂに示すように、狭い隙間幅Ｗｃの開先部２２に基づいて動作軌道を設定した場合、図９Ｃに示すように、それよりも広い隙間幅Ｗｄの開先部２２に対して溶接を行うと、ビード１２４の側部が開先部２２に落ち込む等、ビード１２４の偏り等の不具合が生じるおそれがある。   As shown in FIG. 9B, when the operation track is set based on the groove portion 22 having a narrow gap width Wc, welding is performed on the groove portion 22 having a wider gap width Wd as shown in FIG. 9C. If this is done, there is a risk that problems such as the deviation of the bead 124 occur, such as the side portion of the bead 124 falling into the groove portion 22.

しかし、上述したように、動作軌道を、ワーク１０に形成された開先部２２のうち、最大の隙間幅Ｗｍａｘを有する開先部２２に基づいて設定することで、狭い隙間幅Ｗｃの開先部２２や最大の隙間幅Ｗｍａｘの開先部２２に関わらず、ビード１２４の側部が落ち込むことなく、ビード１２４の幅を開先部２２の全体にわたってほぼ均等にすることが可能となり、ビード１２４の外観品質を向上させることができる。   However, as described above, by setting the motion trajectory based on the groove portion 22 having the maximum gap width Wmax among the groove portions 22 formed on the workpiece 10, the groove having a narrow gap width Wc is set. Regardless of the portion 22 or the groove portion 22 having the maximum gap width Wmax, the width of the bead 124 can be made substantially uniform over the entire groove portion 22 without the side portion of the bead 124 falling. The appearance quality can be improved.

（Ｆ） 第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂ間の開先部２２の断面積に応じて、少なくとも溶接ワイヤ１１２（図３Ｂ参照）の供給量、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂへのアーク及び溶接トーチ１０８の動作軌道を設定して溶接を行う。 (F) According to the cross-sectional area of the groove portion 22 between the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B, at least the supply amount of the welding wire 112 (see FIG. 3B), the first work part 12A and the second work part. Welding is performed by setting the arc to 12B and the operation trajectory of the welding torch 108.

ここで、開先部２２の断面積とは、図１０（断面図）に示すように、開先部２２をＹＺ平面、すなわち、溶接方向（Ｘ方向）に直交する平面で切断した形状の面積をいう。図１０の例では、開先部２２の断面形状は上底が下方、下底が上方に配置された台形状である場合を示す。   Here, as shown in FIG. 10 (cross-sectional view), the cross-sectional area of the groove portion 22 is an area of a shape obtained by cutting the groove portion 22 along the YZ plane, that is, a plane orthogonal to the welding direction (X direction). Say. In the example of FIG. 10, the cross-sectional shape of the groove portion 22 is a trapezoidal shape in which the upper base is disposed downward and the lower base is disposed upward.

これにより、ワーク１０の母材に対して必要以上に大きな電流を供給することなく、開先部２２に対して溶接に必要な量の溶接ワイヤ１１２を供給することができ、しかも、開先部２２に対して、外観の良好なビード１２４を形成することができる。   As a result, it is possible to supply the welding wire 112 in an amount necessary for welding to the groove portion 22 without supplying an unnecessarily large current to the base material of the workpiece 10. In contrast, a bead 124 having a good appearance can be formed.

上述した（Ａ）〜（Ｆ）を満足することで、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂの継手に機械加工を実施しない状態で、第１ワーク部分１２Ａ及び第２ワーク部分１２Ｂ間の開先部２２への１層目の溶接だけでアーク溶接を完了させることができる。   By satisfying the above-mentioned (A) to (F), the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B are not subjected to machining on the joint of the first work part 12A and the second work part 12B. Arc welding can be completed only by welding the first layer to the groove portion 22.

すなわち、事前の継手への機械加工を実施せず、２層目の溶接を実施しないため、サイクルタイムを大幅に低減することができる。しかも、開先部２２に対して、ＴＩＧ溶接で形成したビード１２４と外観品質がほとんど変わらない外観の良好なビード１２４を形成することができる。   That is, since machining to a joint in advance is not performed and welding of the second layer is not performed, cycle time can be significantly reduced. In addition, a bead 124 having a good appearance whose appearance quality is hardly different from the bead 124 formed by TIG welding can be formed on the groove portion 22.

しかも、本実施の形態に係る溶接方法では、溶接装置１００を使用して、ＭＩＧ溶接によって上述したアーク溶接を行うようにしたので、ＭＩＧ溶接のメリット、すなわち、溶接速度が速く、溶込み深さが深く、溶着効率が高く、自動化が容易であるというメリットを享受することができる。   Moreover, in the welding method according to the present embodiment, since the arc welding described above is performed by MIG welding using the welding apparatus 100, the merit of MIG welding, that is, the welding speed is high and the penetration depth is high. It is possible to enjoy the advantages of being deep, high in welding efficiency and easy to automate.

このように、本実施の形態に係る溶接方法においては、以下のように、ＴＩＧ溶接方法のメリットとＭＩＧ溶接方法のメリットを得ることができる。   Thus, in the welding method according to the present embodiment, the merit of the TIG welding method and the merit of the MIG welding method can be obtained as follows.

（ｉ） スパッタがほとんど発生しない。
（ｉｉ） ビードの外観がフラットで美しい。
（ｉｉｉ） 溶接速度が速い。
（ｉｖ） 溶着効率が高い。
（ｖ） セッティングパラメータが少ないため、自動化が容易である。 (I) Spatter hardly occurs.
(Ii) The appearance of the bead is flat and beautiful.
(Iii) The welding speed is high.
(Iv) The welding efficiency is high.
(V) Since there are few setting parameters, automation is easy.

なお、本発明は、上述した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、この発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で自由に変更できることは勿論である。   It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that the present invention can be freely changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

１０…ワーク １２Ａ…第１ワーク部分
１２Ｂ…第２ワーク部分 ２２…開先部
１００…溶接装置 １０８…溶接トーチ
１１２…溶接ワイヤ １１８…溶接ロボット
１２４…ビード １２４ａ…うろこ形状
１２８ａ〜１２８ｄ…第１動作軌道〜第４動作軌道 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Work 12A ... 1st work part 12B ... 2nd work part 22 ... Groove part 100 ... Welding device 108 ... Welding torch 112 ... Welding wire 118 ... Welding robot 124 ... Bead 124a ... Scale shape 128a-128d ... 1st operation | movement Orbit-4th motion trajectory

Claims (9)

それぞれ板厚が異なる２つの被溶接部材に対し、溶接トーチによってアーク溶接を行う溶接方法であって、
前記板厚に応じて、少なくとも前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部へのアーク並びに前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対する前記溶接トーチの動作軌道をそれぞれ異ならせて溶接を行うことを特徴とする溶接方法。 A welding method in which arc welding is performed with a welding torch for two members to be welded each having a different thickness,
According to the plate thickness, welding is performed by varying at least the arc to the groove portion of the two welded members and the operation trajectory of the welding torch with respect to the groove portions of the two welded members. Welding method. 請求項１記載の溶接方法において、
前記溶接トーチを通じて供給される溶接ワイヤの径を選定し、
前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部の断面積に応じた前記溶接ワイヤの供給量の設定の幅を広げて、溶接を行うことを特徴とする溶接方法。 The welding method according to claim 1,
Select the diameter of the welding wire supplied through the welding torch,
A welding method characterized in that welding is performed by widening the setting range of the supply amount of the welding wire in accordance with the cross-sectional areas of the groove portions of the two welded members. 請求項１又は２記載の溶接方法において、
前記２つの被溶接部材のうち、板厚の大きい被溶接部材へのアークを大きく、板厚の小さい被溶接部材へのアークを小さくして溶接を行うことを特徴とする溶接方法。 The welding method according to claim 1 or 2,
A welding method comprising performing welding by increasing an arc to a member to be welded having a large plate thickness and reducing an arc to a member to be welded having a small plate thickness among the two members to be welded. 請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の溶接方法において、
前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部に対する前記溶接トーチの動作軌道は、それぞれ円弧状の動作軌道であって、
前記開先部の中央よりも板厚の大きい被溶接部材寄りの位置を境として、前記板厚の大きい被溶接部材側の動作軌道の振幅が、それ以外の動作軌道の振幅より小さいことを特徴とする溶接方法。 In the welding method of any one of Claims 1-3,
The operation trajectories of the welding torch with respect to the groove portions of the two welded members are arc-shaped operation trajectories, respectively.
The amplitude of the operation track on the side of the welded member with a large plate thickness is smaller than the amplitude of the other operation track with a position closer to the member to be welded having a plate thickness larger than the center of the groove portion. Welding method. 請求項４記載の溶接方法において、
板厚の大きい被溶接部材に対する前記動作軌道は、円形状の周の一部（円弧状）に沿った軌道であり、
板厚の小さい被溶接部材に対する前記動作軌道は、楕円形状の周の一部（楕円状と記す）に沿った軌道であることを特徴とする溶接方法。 The welding method according to claim 4, wherein
The motion trajectory for a member to be welded with a large plate thickness is a trajectory along a part of a circular circumference (arc shape),
The welding method characterized in that the motion trajectory for a member to be welded with a small plate thickness is a trajectory along a part of an elliptical circumference (denoted as an ellipse). 請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の溶接方法において、
前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部の断面積に応じて、少なくとも前記溶接ワイヤの供給量、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部へのアーク及び前記溶接トーチの動作軌道を設定して溶接を行うことを特徴とする溶接方法。 In the welding method of any one of Claims 1-5,
According to the cross-sectional area of the groove portion of the two welded members, welding is performed by setting at least the supply amount of the welding wire, the arc to the groove portions of the two welded members, and the operation trajectory of the welding torch. Welding method characterized by performing. 請求項１〜６のいずれか１項に記載の溶接方法において、
前記２つの被溶接部材の継手に機械加工を実施しない状態で、前記２つの被溶接部材の開先部への１層目の溶接で前記アーク溶接を完了させることを特徴とする溶接方法。 In the welding method of any one of Claims 1-6,
The arc welding is completed by welding the first layer to the groove portion of the two welded members in a state where machining is not performed on the joint of the two welded members. 請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の溶接方法において、
前記溶接ワイヤがＭＩＧ溶接で使用される溶接ワイヤであることを特徴とする溶接方法。 In the welding method of any one of Claims 1-7,
The welding method, wherein the welding wire is a welding wire used in MIG welding. 請求項１〜８のいずれか１項に記載の溶接方法において、
前記２つの被溶接部材のうち、基準側の前記被溶接部材のティーチングを基に、前記溶接トーチの動作軌道の中心線を設定することを特徴とする溶接方法。 In the welding method of any one of Claims 1-8,
A welding method comprising: setting a center line of an operation track of the welding torch based on teaching of the welded member on a reference side of the two welded members.
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