JP2018031870A - Dimming film, dimming device and screen - Google Patents
Dimming film, dimming device and screen Download PDFInfo
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
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- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、車両や建物の窓ガラスなどに使用され、透明な状態と不透明な状態を切り替えることができる調光装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a light control device that is used for a window glass of a vehicle or a building and can switch between a transparent state and an opaque state.
調光装置は、２枚のガラス基板の間に高分子液晶層を挟み込んだ構成となっており、各ガラス基板に形成した透明電極によって、液晶層に電圧を印加することにより、透明状態と不透明状態を切り替え可能とする装置である。 The light control device has a structure in which a polymer liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two glass substrates. By applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer by a transparent electrode formed on each glass substrate, a transparent state and an opaque state are obtained. It is a device that can switch the state.
透明状態と不透明状態を切り替えることにより、例えば建物の窓ガラスとして使用した場合は、室内から外の景色を見える透明な状態から、不透明な状態にして外部から室内を見えなくすることもできる。また、透明度を調整することにより、室外から室内に差し込む光の強度を調整することも可能である。 By switching between the transparent state and the opaque state, for example, when used as a window glass of a building, the interior can be made invisible from the outside to the opaque state from the transparent state where the scenery outside the room can be seen. In addition, by adjusting the transparency, it is also possible to adjust the intensity of light that enters the room from the outside.
このように従来の調光装置は、２枚のガラス基板に透明電極を形成し、その透明電極側を対向させて形成した空間に液晶材料を封入し、封止したものである。透明電極の表面には液晶材料を配向させる配向膜が形成されている場合もある。 As described above, the conventional light control device is one in which a transparent electrode is formed on two glass substrates, and a liquid crystal material is sealed in a space formed by facing the transparent electrodes. An alignment film for aligning the liquid crystal material may be formed on the surface of the transparent electrode.
例えば特許文献１には、鉄道車両用の窓用複層ガラスが開示されている。２枚のガラス板の周縁部がシリコンシーリング材によって封止された空間内において、片側のガラス板の内面に調光機能を持つ調光板材が貼り付けられた構成となっている。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a double-glazed window glass for railway vehicles. In the space where the peripheral portions of the two glass plates are sealed with a silicon sealing material, a light control plate material having a light control function is attached to the inner surface of the glass plate on one side.
このように、２枚のガラス板のいずれかの内側に、調光機能を持つ調光板材が貼り付けられた構成の調光装置は、ガラスで保護されているため難燃性は良好であるが、２枚のガラス板の重量が重く、また既存インフラへの設置が困難である場合があることや、曲面への適用ができない、などの問題点がある。 Thus, since the light control apparatus of the structure by which the light control board material which has a light control function was affixed inside either one of two glass plates is protected with glass, its flame retardance is favorable. However, there are problems that the two glass plates are heavy, that it may be difficult to install on existing infrastructure, and that they cannot be applied to curved surfaces.
近年、このような問題点を解決するため、基板に貼り合せるタイプの調光フィルムへの要望が高まって来ている。貼り合せるタイプとすることで、基板が１枚になるため軽量化が可能となり、また施工コストも抑えることができ、更に既存インフラへの適用も可能となる。また調光フィルムの厚さを調整し、薄膜化することで曲面への加工も可能となる。 In recent years, in order to solve such problems, there has been an increasing demand for a light control film of a type that can be bonded to a substrate. By adopting the type of bonding, the number of substrates becomes one, so that the weight can be reduced, the construction cost can be reduced, and the application to existing infrastructure is also possible. In addition, by adjusting the thickness of the light control film and making it thin, it can be processed into a curved surface.
一方、病院などの特殊な建物や高層ビルなどの内装材は、難燃性であることが法律で義務付けられている。また航空機や鉄道などの内装材も同様に火災対策として難燃性であることが求められている。 On the other hand, it is required by law that interior materials for special buildings such as hospitals and high-rise buildings are flame retardant. Similarly, interior materials such as aircraft and railways are also required to be flame retardant as a fire countermeasure.
このように、貼り合せるタイプは適用できる範囲が拡大できる可能性がある一方で、調光フィルムが露出した状態となるため、従来タイプでは問題にならなかった難燃性の確保が重要な課題となっている。 In this way, there is a possibility that the applicable range can be expanded for the type to be bonded, while the light control film is exposed, so ensuring flame retardance that was not a problem with the conventional type is an important issue It has become.
上記の事情に鑑み、本発明は、透明基板に貼り合わせて調光装置とすることができる難
燃性を備えた調光フィルムを提供することを課題とする。
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a light control film having flame retardancy that can be bonded to a transparent substrate to form a light control device.
上記の課題を解決する手段として、本発明の請求項１に記載の発明は、印加電圧によってヘイズを２種類以上に切替可能な調光層の第１主面側に、直接もしくは他の層を介して前記調光層に電圧を印加する第１透明導電層と、前記第１透明導電層に直接もしくは他の層を介して第１透明基材が積層され、前記調光層の第１主面側と反対側の第２主面側に、直接もしくは他の層を介して前記調光層に電圧を印加する第２透明導電層と、前記第２透明導電層に直接もしくは他の層を介して第２透明基材が積層される調光フィルムであって、前記いずれかの層、または前記いずれかの層に積層されてなる樹脂層の少なくとも１つの層に難燃剤を含有し、総厚が２５０μｍ以下，且つ耐屈曲性試験での１０ｍｍφに合格した構成であり、
前記難燃性は、ＵＬ９４規格におけるＶＴＭ−０、ＩＳＯ４５８９（ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０１）による酸素指数が２７以上、ＩＳＯ５６６０に準拠した発熱性試験において試験時間５分間の総発熱量が８ＭＪ／ｍ２以下、鉄道車両用材料の燃焼試験により難燃の基準を満たす、ＪＩＳＡ１３２２で規定する防炎試験の防炎１級に合格、の少なくとも何れかを充足する難燃性であって、
前記調光層に電圧を印加した場合にヘイズが減少する調光フィルムであって、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最小ヘイズが１０％以下、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最大透過率が４０％以上であることを特徴とする調光フィルムである。
As means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that a direct or other layer is provided directly on the first main surface side of the light control layer capable of switching the haze between two or more types by an applied voltage. A first transparent conductive layer for applying a voltage to the light control layer via the first transparent conductive layer, and a first transparent base material laminated directly or via another layer on the first transparent conductive layer. A second transparent conductive layer for applying a voltage to the light control layer directly or via another layer on the second main surface side opposite to the surface side, and a direct or other layer on the second transparent conductive layer A light control film on which the second transparent substrate is laminated, and the flame retardant is contained in at least one of the layers, or at least one of the resin layers laminated on any of the layers, The thickness is 250 μm or less and the structure has passed 10 mmφ in the bending resistance test.
The flame retardant is, VTM-0 in the UL94 standard, ISO4589 (JIS K7201) oxygen index according to 27 above, the total calorific value of test time 5 minutes in an exothermic resistance test according to ISO5660 is 8 MJ / m 2 or less, railcar A flame retardant that satisfies at least one of the flame retardant grade 1 of the flame retardant test prescribed in JIS A1322, which satisfies the flame retardant standard by the combustion test of the material,
A light control film in which haze is reduced when a voltage is applied to the light control layer, wherein the minimum haze is 10% or less when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V, and the maximum transmittance is 40 when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V. % Is a light control film characterized by being at least%.
また、請求項２に記載の発明は、前記難燃剤が、ハロゲン化合物、リン系化合物、窒素系化合物および金属水酸化物から選ばれた１種または２種以上の組合せからなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の調光フィルムである。 The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that the flame retardant comprises one or a combination of two or more selected from halogen compounds, phosphorus compounds, nitrogen compounds and metal hydroxides. The light control film according to claim 1.
また、請求項３に記載の発明は、前記難燃剤を含有する層が、更に難燃助剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の調光フィルムである。 The invention according to claim 3 is the light control film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the layer containing the flame retardant further contains a flame retardant aid.
また、請求項４に記載の発明は、前記難燃助剤が、三酸化アンチモン、ホウ酸亜鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエン、金属酸化物、二酸化ケイ素から選ばれた１種または２種以上の組合せであることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の調光フィルムである。 In the invention according to claim 4, the flame retardant aid is one or a combination of two or more selected from antimony trioxide, zinc borate, polytetrafluoroene, metal oxide, and silicon dioxide. It is a light control film of Claim 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.
また、請求項５に記載の発明は、前記第１透明基材および前記第２透明基材の少なくともいずれかの外側に、ハードコート層、反射防止層および粘着層から選ばれた少なくとも１層を備えていることを特徴とする請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の調光フィルムである。 In the invention according to claim 5, at least one layer selected from a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer and an adhesive layer is provided on at least one of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. It is equipped, It is a light control film in any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
また、請求項６に記載の発明は、印加電圧によってヘイズを２種類以上に切替可能な調光層の第１主面側に積層された第１配向層と、前記第１配向層に直接もしくは他の層を介して前記調光層に電圧を印加する第１透明導電層と、前記第１透明導電層に直接もしくは他の層を介して第１透明基材が積層され、前記調光層の第１主面側と反対側の第２主面側に積層された第２配向層と、前記第２配向層に直接もしくは他の層を介して前記調光層に電圧を印加する第２透明導電層と、前記第２透明導電層に直接もしくは他の層を介して第２透明基材が積層される調光フィルムであって、前記いずれかの層、または前記いずれかの層に積層されてなる樹脂層の少なくとも１つの層に難燃剤を含有し、総厚が２５０μｍ以下，且つ耐屈曲性試験での１０ｍｍφに合格した構成であり、
前記難燃性は、ＵＬ９４規格におけるＶＴＭ−０、ＩＳＯ４５８９（ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０１）による酸素指数が２７以上、ＩＳＯ５６６０に準拠した発熱性試験において試験時間５分間の総発熱量が８ＭＪ／ｍ２以下、鉄道車両用材料の燃焼試験により難燃の基準を満たす、ＪＩＳＡ１３２２で規定する防炎試験の防炎１級に合格、の少なくとも何れかを充足する難燃性であって、
前記調光層に電圧を印加した場合にヘイズが減少する調光フィルムであって、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最大ヘイズが８０％以上、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最小透過率が１０％以下であることを特徴とする調光フィルムである。
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first alignment layer laminated on the first main surface side of the light control layer capable of switching between two or more types of haze by an applied voltage, and directly or directly on the first alignment layer. A first transparent conductive layer for applying a voltage to the dimming layer via another layer, and a first transparent substrate laminated on the first transparent conductive layer directly or via another layer, and the dimming layer A second alignment layer stacked on the second main surface side opposite to the first main surface side, and a second voltage applied to the dimming layer directly to the second alignment layer or via another layer. A light control film in which a second transparent base material is laminated directly or via another layer on the transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, and is laminated on any one of the above layers or any of the above layers At least one of the resin layers thus formed contains a flame retardant, has a total thickness of 250 μm or less, and 1 in the bending resistance test. It is passed the configuration to mmφ,
The flame retardant is, VTM-0 in the UL94 standard, ISO4589 (JIS K7201) oxygen index according to 27 above, the total calorific value of test time 5 minutes in an exothermic resistance test according to ISO5660 is 8 MJ / m 2 or less, railcar A flame retardant that satisfies at least one of the flame retardant grade 1 of the flame retardant test prescribed in JIS A1322, which satisfies the flame retardant standard by the combustion test of the material,
A light control film in which haze is reduced when a voltage is applied to the light control layer, wherein the maximum haze is 80% or more when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V, and the minimum transmittance is 10 when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V. % Is a light control film characterized by being less than or equal to%.
また、請求項７に記載の発明は、前記難燃剤が、ハロゲン化合物、リン系化合物、窒素系化合物および金属水酸化物から選ばれた１種または２種以上の組合せからなることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の調光フィルムである。 The invention described in claim 7 is characterized in that the flame retardant comprises one or a combination of two or more selected from halogen compounds, phosphorus compounds, nitrogen compounds and metal hydroxides. The light control film according to claim 6.
また、請求項８に記載の発明は、前記難燃剤を含有する層が、更に難燃助剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項６または７に記載の調光フィルムである。 The invention according to claim 8 is the light control film according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the layer containing the flame retardant further contains a flame retardant aid.
また、請求項９に記載の発明は、前記難燃助剤が、三酸化アンチモン、ホウ酸亜鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエン、金属酸化物、二酸化ケイ素から選ばれた１種または２種以上の組合せであることを特徴とする請求項８に記載の調光フィルムである。 The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the flame retardant aid is one or a combination of two or more selected from antimony trioxide, zinc borate, polytetrafluoroene, metal oxide, and silicon dioxide. It is a light control film of Claim 8 characterized by the above-mentioned.
また、請求項１０に記載の発明は、前記第１透明基材および前記第２透明基材の少なくともいずれかの外側に、ハードコート層、反射防止層および粘着層から選ばれた少なくとも１層を備えていることを特徴とする請求項６〜９のいずれかに記載の調光フィルムである。 In the invention according to claim 10, at least one layer selected from a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer and an adhesive layer is provided outside at least one of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. It is equipped, It is a light control film in any one of Claims 6-9 characterized by the above-mentioned.
また、請求項１１に記載の発明は、請求項１〜１０のいずれかに記載の調光フィルムと、その調光フィルムに電圧を供給する交流電源と、交流電源から供給される電圧を切替えて調光フィルムに印加する電圧を変更する切替器と、を備えていることを特徴とする調光装置である。 In addition, the invention described in claim 11 switches the light control film according to any one of claims 1 to 10, an AC power supply for supplying a voltage to the light control film, and a voltage supplied from the AC power supply. And a switching device that changes a voltage applied to the light control film.
また、請求項１２に記載の発明は、請求項１〜１０のいずれかに記載の調光フィルムを使用したことを特徴とするスクリーンである。 Moreover, invention of Claim 12 is the screen characterized by using the light control film in any one of Claims 1-10.
本発明の調光フィルムによれば、調光フィルムを構成する複数の層の少なくともいずれかの層に難燃剤を含有しているため、調光フィルムとしての難燃性が備えられている。そのため、この調光フィルムを透明基板に貼り付けることによって作製した調光装置は、難燃性を備えた調光装置とすることができる。
また、本発明の調光フィルムによれば、光散乱状態と、透明状態に切替え可能なスクリーンを実現することができる。
また、本発明において、難燃性の指標として選定した下記５基準のうち、少なくとも何れか（好ましくは２以上，一層好ましくは３以上）を充足することが、透明基材単体に要求される。
１）ＵＬ９４規格におけるＶＴＭ−０
２）ＩＳＯ４５８９（ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０１）による酸素指数が２７以上。
３）ＩＳＯ５６６０に準拠した発熱性試験において試験時間５分間の総発熱量が８ＭＪ／ｍ２以下。
４）鉄道車両用材料の燃焼試験により難燃の基準を満たす。
５）ＪＩＳＡ１３２２で規定する防炎試験の防炎１級に合格。
According to the light control film of this invention, since the flame retardant is contained in at least any one of the several layers which comprise a light control film, the flame retardance as a light control film is provided. Therefore, the light control device produced by sticking this light control film on a transparent substrate can be a light control device having flame retardancy.
Moreover, according to the light control film of this invention, the screen which can be switched to a light-scattering state and a transparent state is realizable.
In the present invention, the transparent base material alone is required to satisfy at least one (preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more) among the following 5 criteria selected as an index of flame retardancy.
1) VTM-0 in UL94 standard
2) The oxygen index according to ISO4589 (JIS K7201) is 27 or more.
3) The total calorific value for a test time of 5 minutes in an exothermic test according to ISO 5660 is 8 MJ / m 2 or less.
4) Satisfy flame retardant standards by combustion test of rolling stock materials.
5) Passed the flameproof first grade of the flameproof test prescribed by JISA1322.
図１および２を用いて、本発明の調光フィルムを説明する。 The light control film of this invention is demonstrated using FIG. 1 and 2. FIG.
＜第一の実施形態＞
図１は、本発明の調光フィルム２０の第一の実施形態の層構成の一例を示す概略断面図である。これは、調光層６に電圧を印加していない時に不透明であり、電圧を印加すると透明になるノーマルモードに対応する層構成である。
<First embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the layer configuration of the first embodiment of the light control film 20 of the present invention. This is a layer configuration corresponding to a normal mode which is opaque when no voltage is applied to the light control layer 6 and becomes transparent when a voltage is applied.
本発明の調光フィルム２０は、印加電圧によってヘイズを２種類以上に切替え可能な調光層６の第一主面側に、直接または樹脂層を介して調光層６に電圧を印加する第１透明導電層３と、第１透明基材１と、がこの順に積層されており、調光層６の第一主面とは反対側の第二主面側に、直接または樹脂層を介して調光層６に電圧を印加する第２透明導電層９と、第２透明基材１１と、がこの順に積層されてなるノーマルモードの調光フィルム２０である。ここで、ノーマルモードとは、調光層６に電圧を印加することにより、ヘイズが低下するモードであることを指す。 The light control film 20 of the present invention applies a voltage to the light control layer 6 directly or via a resin layer on the first main surface side of the light control layer 6 capable of switching between two or more types of haze by an applied voltage. 1 transparent conductive layer 3 and 1st transparent base material 1 are laminated | stacked in this order, and the 2nd main surface side on the opposite side to the 1st main surface of the light control layer 6 is directly or through a resin layer. A normal mode light control film 20 in which a second transparent conductive layer 9 for applying a voltage to the light control layer 6 and a second transparent base material 11 are laminated in this order. Here, the normal mode refers to a mode in which haze is reduced by applying a voltage to the light control layer 6.
また、本発明の調光フィルム２０は、この調光フィルムを構成する層の少なくともいずれかに難燃剤を含有することにより、ＵＬ９４規格ＶＴＭ０およびＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数が２７以上の難燃性を備え、調光フィルム２０の厚みが２５０μｍ以下であり、印加電圧の実効値が０〜１００Ｖにおける最小ヘイズが１０％以下および最大透過率が４０％以上であることが特徴である。 Further, the light control film 20 of the present invention contains a flame retardant in at least one of the layers constituting the light control film, so that the oxygen index according to UL94 standard VTM0 and ISO4589-2 is 27 or more. And the thickness of the light control film 20 is 250 μm or less, the minimum haze is 10% or less and the maximum transmittance is 40% or more when the effective value of the applied voltage is 0 to 100V.
調光フィルム（スクリーン）自身に難燃性を付与する上で、構成部材である透明基材に難燃剤，難燃助剤を過剰に添加すると、基材の透明度が低下し、調光フィルム（スクリーン）の特性に空く影響を及ぼすことになる。難燃剤，難燃助剤の添加量を確保して添加密度を低下するために透明基材の厚さを増大すると、コストアップだけでなく加工性（可撓性）も低下し、樹脂フィルムを採用する利点が損なわれることになる。以下、透明基材の厚さ増大に伴う加工性悪化を、ＪＩＳ Ｋ５６００−５−１や ＩＳＯ１５１９による耐屈曲性試験で用いられる円筒形マンドレルへの巻き付け（可能な曲率の増大）により評価する。
調光フィルム２０の厚みが２５０μｍを超えると、屈曲性が悪くなり曲面形状への加工が難しくなる。
また、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖにおける最小ヘイズが１０％を超える場合、最大透過率が４０％未満である場合は、透明性が悪く、調光フィルムを通して見える景色の視認性が低下する。
In order to impart flame retardancy to the light control film (screen) itself, if the flame retardant and flame retardant aid are added excessively to the transparent base material which is a constituent member, the transparency of the base material decreases, and the light control film ( Will affect the characteristics of the screen). Increasing the thickness of the transparent substrate in order to reduce the addition density by securing the amount of flame retardant and flame retardant aid will not only increase the cost but also reduce the workability (flexibility). The advantage of adopting will be impaired. Hereinafter, the deterioration of workability accompanying the increase in the thickness of the transparent substrate is evaluated by winding around a cylindrical mandrel used in a bending resistance test according to JIS K5600-5-1 or ISO1519 (increase in possible curvature).
When the thickness of the light control film 20 exceeds 250 micrometers, a flexibility will worsen and the process to a curved surface shape will become difficult.
Further, when the minimum haze at an applied voltage of 0 to 100 V exceeds 10% and the maximum transmittance is less than 40%, the transparency is poor and the visibility of the scenery seen through the light control film is lowered.
また、本発明の調光フィルム２０においては、上記の難燃剤が、ハロゲン化合物、リン系化合物、窒素系化合物および金属水酸化物から選ばれた１種または２種以上の組合せからなっていても良い。また、難燃剤を含有する層が、更に難燃助剤を含有していても良い。また、上記の難燃助剤が、三酸化アンチモン、ホウ酸亜鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエン、金属酸化物、二酸化ケイ素から選ばれた１種または２種以上の組合せであることが好ましい。 Moreover, in the light control film 20 of this invention, even if said flame retardant consists of 1 type, or 2 or more types of combinations chosen from the halogen compound, the phosphorus type compound, the nitrogen type compound, and the metal hydroxide. good. Moreover, the layer containing a flame retardant may further contain a flame retardant aid. The flame retardant aid is preferably one or a combination of two or more selected from antimony trioxide, zinc borate, polytetrafluoroene, metal oxide, and silicon dioxide.
また、本発明の調光フィルム２０は、前記第１透明基材１および前記第２透明基材１１の少なくとも外側に、ハードコート層、反射防止層および粘着層から選ばれた少なくとも１層からなる層が備えられていることが好ましい。 Moreover, the light control film 20 of this invention consists of at least 1 layer chosen from the hard-coat layer, the antireflection layer, and the adhesion layer at least on the outer side of the said 1st transparent base material 1 and the said 2nd transparent base material 11. It is preferred that a layer is provided.
＜調光層＞
本発明の調光フィルム２０の調光層６としては、例えば、高分子分散型液晶層を好適に使用することができるが、これに限定する必要は無く、電圧印加によってヘイズを２種類以上に変化させ、透明／不透明を切替えることができる電圧駆動型素子を構成できる材料
からなる層であることが好ましい。
<Light control layer>
As the light control layer 6 of the light control film 20 of the present invention, for example, a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer can be suitably used. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is preferable that the layer is made of a material that can form a voltage-driven element that can be changed to be transparent / opaque.
＜第１および第２透明導電層＞
第１透明導電層３および第２透明導電層９の材料としては、ＩＴＯ（Ｉｎｄｉｕｍ Ｔｉｎ Ｏｘｉｄｅ、錫を添加した酸化インジウム）を好適に使用することができるが、これに限定する必要はなく、例えば、酸化錫、酸化亜鉛およびそれらに添加物を加えた材料の薄膜を使用することができる。それらの材料の薄膜を形成する手段としてはマグネトロンスパッタリング装置を使用した薄膜形成方法を好適に使用可能であるが、それに限定する必要はなく、必要な、光学的な透過率、表面抵抗または電気伝導率および基材との密着力などを得ることができれば、薄膜形成手段を限定する必要は無い。
<First and second transparent conductive layers>
As a material of the first transparent conductive layer 3 and the second transparent conductive layer 9, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, indium oxide added with tin) can be suitably used, but it is not necessary to be limited to this. For example, Thin films of tin oxide, zinc oxide and materials with additives added thereto can be used. As a means for forming a thin film of these materials, a thin film forming method using a magnetron sputtering apparatus can be suitably used, but it is not necessary to be limited thereto, and the required optical transmittance, surface resistance or electrical conductivity is required. If the rate and adhesion with the substrate can be obtained, there is no need to limit the thin film forming means.
なお、図２に示したように、調光層６と第１透明導電層３および調光層６と第２透明導電層９、の間に、それぞれ樹脂層が介在していても構わない。それらの樹脂層は同一材質、同一の厚さを持つものであっても良いし、材質も厚さも異なるものであっても良い。 As shown in FIG. 2, resin layers may be interposed between the light control layer 6 and the first transparent conductive layer 3 and between the light control layer 6 and the second transparent conductive layer 9. These resin layers may have the same material and the same thickness, or may have different materials and thicknesses.
＜第１および第２透明基材＞
第１透明基材１および第２透明基材１１の材料としては、透明な樹脂フィルムであれば使用可能である。例えば、ＰＥＴなどの透明フィルムを好適に使用することができる。
第１透明基材１および第２透明基材１１は、別工程にて難燃剤および難燃助剤が添加されたものを製造しても良いし、また外部にて製造したものを購入しても良い。
<First and second transparent substrates>
As a material of the 1st transparent base material 1 and the 2nd transparent base material 11, if it is a transparent resin film, it can be used. For example, a transparent film such as PET can be suitably used.
The 1st transparent base material 1 and the 2nd transparent base material 11 may manufacture what added the flame retardant and the flame retardant adjuvant by another process, and purchase what was manufactured outside. Also good.
＜調光フィルムの製造方法＞
図１に例示した層構成を備えた調光フィルム２０の製造方法を説明する。
まず、第１透明基材１や第２透明基材１１になる透明な基材に、所望の表面抵抗を備えた透明導電層を形成する。形成方法としてはマグネトロンスパッタ装置を使用して、透明基材上にＩＴＯ薄膜などの透明導電層を形成し、透明導電層が形成された透明基材を作製する。
<Manufacturing method of light control film>
The manufacturing method of the light control film 20 provided with the layer structure illustrated in FIG. 1 is demonstrated.
First, a transparent conductive layer having a desired surface resistance is formed on a transparent base material that becomes the first transparent base material 1 or the second transparent base material 11. As a forming method, a transparent conductive layer such as an ITO thin film is formed on a transparent substrate using a magnetron sputtering apparatus, and a transparent substrate on which the transparent conductive layer is formed is produced.
次に、液晶とポリマーを含むエマルジョンを作製し、そのエマルジョンを、この透明導電層が形成された透明基材の透明導電層側に塗布し、乾燥することで、水分を除去したフィルムを得ることができる。更に、その乾燥したエマルジョン層の上に、透明導電層が形成された透明基材の透明導電層側を積層し密着することにより、調光フィルム２０を作製することができる（エマルジョン方式）。 Next, an emulsion containing a liquid crystal and a polymer is prepared, and the emulsion is applied to the transparent conductive layer side of the transparent substrate on which the transparent conductive layer is formed and dried to obtain a film from which moisture has been removed. Can do. Furthermore, the light control film 20 can be produced by laminating and adhering the transparent conductive layer side of the transparent substrate on which the transparent conductive layer is formed on the dried emulsion layer (emulsion method).
また、別の製造方法として、２つの透明導電層が形成された透明基材の透明導電層側を内側にして、一定のギャップを保って積層することにより形成したギャップに、液晶をモノマーやオリゴマーに溶解した材料を注入し、紫外線照射処理や加熱処理することによって硬化することによって調光フィルム２０を作製することができる（相分離方式）。あるいは、液晶とポリマーを溶媒に溶かした溶液を、透明導電層が形成された透明基材の透明導電層上に塗布、乾燥し、その上からもう１つの透明導電層が形成された透明基材の透明導電層側を積層、密着することによって調光フィルム２０を作製することができる。 As another manufacturing method, a liquid crystal is added to a gap formed by laminating a transparent base material on which a transparent base material on which two transparent conductive layers are formed, with the transparent conductive layer side inside, and maintaining a certain gap. The light control film 20 can be produced by injecting a material dissolved in the material and curing it by ultraviolet irradiation treatment or heat treatment (phase separation method). Alternatively, a solution in which a liquid crystal and a polymer are dissolved in a solvent is applied on a transparent conductive layer of a transparent substrate on which a transparent conductive layer is formed, dried, and then a transparent substrate on which another transparent conductive layer is formed The light control film 20 can be produced by laminating and closely adhering the transparent conductive layer side.
本発明の調光フィルム２０には、上記で説明した第１透明基材１および第２透明基材１１の少なくともどちらか一方の外側にハードコート層が形成されていても良い。また、少なくともどちらか一方の外側に、反射防止層が形成されていても良い。また、どちらか一方の外側に粘着層が備えられていても良い。
また、難燃性を備えさせるため、それらハードコート層、反射防止層および粘着層に難燃剤や難燃助剤が添加されていることが好ましい。
In the light control film 20 of the present invention, a hard coat layer may be formed on the outer side of at least one of the first transparent substrate 1 and the second transparent substrate 11 described above. Further, an antireflection layer may be formed on at least one of the outer sides. Moreover, the adhesion layer may be provided in either one outer side.
In order to provide flame retardancy, it is preferable that a flame retardant or a flame retardant aid is added to the hard coat layer, the antireflection layer, and the adhesive layer.
以上、本発明の調光フィルム２０について説明したが、この調光フィルム２０と、調光
フィルム２０に電圧を供給する交流電源と、交流電源から供給される電圧を切替えて調光フィルム２０に印加する電圧を変更する切替器と、を備えることによって、調光フィルム２０のヘイズを変更し、透明な状態と不透明な状態を作り出すことができる調光装置とすることができる。
また、本発明の調光フィルム２０は、プロジェクターから投影された映像を映し出すスクリーンとしても使用することが可能である。
Although the light control film 20 of the present invention has been described above, the light control film 20, an AC power source that supplies a voltage to the light control film 20, and a voltage supplied from the AC power source are switched and applied to the light control film 20. By providing the switching device that changes the voltage to be applied, the light control device can change the haze of the light control film 20 and create a transparent state and an opaque state.
Moreover, the light control film 20 of this invention can be used also as a screen which projects the image | video projected from the projector.
＜第二の実施形態＞
次に、本発明の調光フィルムの第二の実施形態について説明する。
図２は、本発明の調光フィルム２０−１の第二の実施形態の層構成の一例を示す概略断面図である。これは、調光層６に電圧を印加している時に不透明となり、電圧を印加していない時に透明になるリバースモードに対応する層構成である。
<Second Embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment of the light control film of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the layer configuration of the second embodiment of the light control film 20-1 of the present invention. This is a layer structure corresponding to the reverse mode which becomes opaque when a voltage is applied to the light control layer 6 and becomes transparent when no voltage is applied.
本発明の調光フィルム２０−１の第二の実施形態は、印加電圧によってヘイズを２種類以上に切替え可能な調光層６の第１主面側に積層された第１配向層５と、調光層４に電圧を印加する第１透明導電層３と、第１透明基材１と、がこの順に積層されており、調光層６の第１主面とは反対側の第２主面側に積層された第２配向層７と、調光層６に電圧を印加する第２透明導電層９と、第２透明基材１１と、がこの順に積層されてなるリバースモードの調光フィルム２０−１である。ここで、リバースモードとは、調光層４に電圧を印加すると、ヘイズが増大するモードを指す。 In the second embodiment of the light control film 20-1 of the present invention, the first alignment layer 5 laminated on the first main surface side of the light control layer 6 capable of switching the haze to two or more types by an applied voltage, The first transparent conductive layer 3 for applying a voltage to the light control layer 4 and the first transparent base material 1 are laminated in this order, and the second main surface opposite to the first main surface of the light control layer 6. Dimming in a reverse mode, in which a second alignment layer 7 laminated on the surface side, a second transparent conductive layer 9 for applying a voltage to the dimming layer 6, and a second transparent substrate 11 are laminated in this order. It is film 20-1. Here, the reverse mode refers to a mode in which haze increases when a voltage is applied to the light control layer 4.
なお、第１透明基材１と第１透明導電層３の間に樹脂層２が、また第１透明導電層３と第１配向層５の間に樹脂層４が、第２配向層７と第２透明導電層９の間に樹脂層８が、第２透明導電層９と第２透明基材１１の間に樹脂層１０が、介在していても構わない。 The resin layer 2 is between the first transparent substrate 1 and the first transparent conductive layer 3, and the resin layer 4 is between the first transparent conductive layer 3 and the first alignment layer 5, The resin layer 8 may be interposed between the second transparent conductive layer 9 and the resin layer 10 may be interposed between the second transparent conductive layer 9 and the second transparent substrate 11.
また、本発明の調光フィルムの第二の実施形態においては、この調光フィルムを構成する層の少なくともいずれかに難燃剤を含有することにより、ＵＬ９４規格ＶＴＭ−０およびＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数が２７以上の難燃性を備え、調光フィルム２０−１の厚みが２５０μｍ以下であり、印加電圧の実効値が０〜１００Ｖにおける最大ヘイズが８０％以上および最小透過率が１０％以下であることが特徴である。
調光フィルムの厚みが２５０μｍを超えると、屈曲性が悪くなり曲面形状への加工が難しくなる。また、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖにおける最大ヘイズが８０％未満である場合、最小透過率が１０％を越える場合は、十分な遮蔽性が得られず、スクリーン等への適用が難しい。
Moreover, in 2nd embodiment of the light control film of this invention, the oxygen index by UL94 standard VTM-0 and ISO4589-2 is contained by including a flame retardant in at least any one of the layers which comprise this light control film. Has a flame retardance of 27 or more, the thickness of the light control film 20-1 is 250 μm or less, the maximum haze is 80% or more and the minimum transmittance is 10% or less when the effective value of the applied voltage is 0 to 100V. It is a feature.
When the thickness of the light control film exceeds 250 μm, the flexibility becomes poor and it becomes difficult to process into a curved shape. In addition, when the maximum haze at an applied voltage of 0 to 100 V is less than 80%, and when the minimum transmittance exceeds 10%, sufficient shielding properties cannot be obtained, and application to a screen or the like is difficult.
＜第一および第二配向層＞
第一配向層５および第二配向層５は、通常の配向膜の形成工程と同様に形成することができる。まずポリアミック酸溶液などの可溶性ポリイミドを、透明基材上に透明導電層を形成した基板上にオフセット印刷し、２５０℃程度に加熱することにより、溶剤の除去と脱水縮合反応を促進して硬化させる。次に、再生セルロース・レーヨン・ナイロン・ポリエチレンなどのラビング用の布を使用してラビング処理を施すことにより、配向膜を形成することができる。このような高温処理を必要としない配向膜の形成方法としては、光配向技術がある。
<First and second alignment layers>
The first alignment layer 5 and the second alignment layer 5 can be formed in the same manner as a normal alignment film forming step. First, a soluble polyimide such as a polyamic acid solution is offset-printed on a substrate having a transparent conductive layer formed on a transparent substrate, and heated to about 250 ° C. to accelerate and cure the solvent removal and dehydration condensation reaction. . Next, an alignment film can be formed by performing a rubbing treatment using a rubbing cloth such as regenerated cellulose, rayon, nylon, or polyethylene. As a method for forming an alignment film that does not require such high temperature treatment, there is a photo-alignment technique.
その他の点については、第一の実施形態と同様である。 About another point, it is the same as that of 1st embodiment.
次に、本発明の調光フィルムの実施例について説明する。
実施例１〜５および比較例１〜３については、調光層に隣接して配向層が形成されていないノーマルモードに対応する層構成であり、実施例６〜１０および比較例４〜６につい
ては、調光層に隣接して配向層が形成されているリバースモードに対応する層構成についての実施例および比較例である。
なお、実施例１〜５および比較例１〜３についての測定結果は表１に、実施例６〜１０および比較例４〜６についての測定結果は表２に、それぞれまとめて示した。
Next, examples of the light control film of the present invention will be described.
About Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3, it is a layer structure corresponding to the normal mode in which the alignment layer is not formed adjacent to the light control layer. About Examples 6-10 and Comparative Examples 4-6 These are the Example and comparative example about the layer structure corresponding to the reverse mode in which the orientation layer is formed adjacent to the light control layer.
The measurement results for Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1, and the measurement results for Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 are shown in Table 2.
＜実施例１＞
ポリカーボネートフィルム（厚さ５０μｍ）の片面にＩＴＯ（Ｉｎｄｉｕｍ Ｔｉｎ Ｏｘｉｄｅ）薄膜（厚さ０．１μｍ）を形成した導電性フィルムを用意した。その導電性フィルムのＩＴＯ薄膜側に、液晶と硬化性樹脂、二官能モノマー、並びにヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基及びリン酸基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種の極性基を有するモノマーを含む。液晶には、ネマチック液晶、スメクチック液晶又はコレステリック液晶を用いることができる。
<Example 1>
A conductive film in which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) thin film (thickness 0.1 μm) was formed on one side of a polycarbonate film (thickness 50 μm) was prepared. The ITO thin film side of the conductive film includes a liquid crystal, a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer, and a monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, and a phosphate group. As the liquid crystal, nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, or cholesteric liquid crystal can be used.
次に、同じ仕様の導電性フィルムのＩＴＯ薄膜側を、上記で作製した高分子分散液晶層の上に積層し密着することにより、厚さ１２０μｍの調光フィルムを作製した。 Next, the ITO thin film side of the conductive film of the same specification was laminated on the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer prepared above and adhered, thereby producing a light control film having a thickness of 120 μm.
ポリカーボネート樹脂（住友ダウ社製、カリバー２００−１３、ビスフェノールＡ型ポリカーボネート）を１００重量部、リン系難燃剤（大八化学工業社製、ＰＸ−２００）１５重量部で配合してヘンシェルミキサーで均一に混合し、樹脂組成物を調整した。該樹脂組成物を、同方向二軸押出機に供給し、シリンダー温度２８０℃で溶融混練し、Ｔダイから溶融樹脂を吐出させ、ピンチロールで引き取りつつ冷却することで、リン系難燃剤を含有する厚み５０μｍの基材を作成した。また、調光フィルムとしての厚さは、１２０μｍとした。
この様にして作成した調光フィルムの難燃性を、ＵＬ−９４規格の難燃性の判定およびＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数にて測定した。また、光学的な特性として印加電圧０〜１００Ｖにおける最小ヘイズ、最大透過率を測定した。また、屈曲性については、マンドレル試験機を用いて測定した。屈曲性はフィルムをマンドレルに巻きつけ、巻きつけ後のフィルムのクラックについて評価し、クラックが発生しない場合には、その太さ（φ）での屈曲性がＯＫとする。本発明では、１０ｍｍφでクラックが発生しないフィルムを屈曲性ＯＫとした。また、ヘイズおよび全光線透過率の測定は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ７１３６に従って実施した。
100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin (Sumitomo Dow, Caliber 200-13, bisphenol A polycarbonate) and 15 parts by weight of a phosphorus flame retardant (Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., PX-200) are mixed uniformly in a Henschel mixer. To prepare a resin composition. This resin composition is supplied to the same-direction twin screw extruder, melt-kneaded at a cylinder temperature of 280 ° C., discharged from a T-die, and cooled while being drawn with a pinch roll to contain a phosphorus flame retardant. A base material having a thickness of 50 μm was prepared. Moreover, the thickness as a light control film was 120 micrometers.
The flame retardancy of the light control film thus prepared was measured by the flame retardancy determination of UL-94 standard and the oxygen index according to ISO4589-2. Moreover, the minimum haze and the maximum transmittance | permeability in the applied voltage 0-100V were measured as an optical characteristic. Further, the flexibility was measured using a mandrel testing machine. Flexibility is determined by winding the film around a mandrel and evaluating the cracks of the film after winding. If no cracks are generated, the flexibility at the thickness (φ) is OK. In the present invention, a film that does not generate cracks with a diameter of 10 mm is considered to be flexible. The haze and total light transmittance were measured according to JIS K7136.
＜実施例２＞
ポリカーボネート樹脂（住友ダウ社製、カリバー２００−１３、ビスフェノールＡ型ポリカーボネート）を１００重量部、ハロゲン系難燃剤（ＤＩＣ社製、メガファックＦ１１４）０．５重量部で配合してヘンシェルミキサーで均一に混合し、樹脂組成物を調整した。該樹脂組成物を、同方向二軸押出機に供給し、シリンダー温度２８０℃で溶融混練し、Ｔダイから溶融樹脂を吐出させ、ピンチロールで引き取りつつ冷却することで、ハロゲン系難燃剤を含有する厚み１００μｍの基材を作成した。調光フィルムとしての厚さは、２２０μｍとした。
<Example 2>
100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin (manufactured by Sumitomo Dow, Caliber 200-13, bisphenol A type polycarbonate) and 0.5 parts by weight of halogen-based flame retardant (DIC, MegaFac F114) are mixed uniformly with a Henschel mixer. The resin composition was prepared by mixing. The resin composition is supplied to the same-direction twin screw extruder, melt-kneaded at a cylinder temperature of 280 ° C., discharged from a T-die, and cooled while being taken up by a pinch roll, thus containing a halogen-based flame retardant. A substrate having a thickness of 100 μm was prepared. The thickness of the light control film was 220 μm.
＜実施例３＞
実施例１と同じ層構成の調光フィルムの層構成の表裏面の最外層の基材（透明基材）の上に、それぞれ、厚さ５μｍのＨＣ（ハードコート）層を形成した。ＨＣ層を形成する塗液の組成は、下記の通りである。ただし、基材には難燃剤を含まない構成とした。調光フィルムの厚さは、１３０μｍとした。
Ａ材料：ＰＥＴＡ（大阪有機社製、ビスコート＃３００） １００重量部
Ｂ材料：Ｉｒｇ．１８４（ＤＫＳＨジャパン） ５重量部
Ｃ材料：ＭＥＫ １００重量部
難燃材料（金属水酸化物）：水酸化マグネシウム（堺化学社製、ＭＧＺ−３）
５０重量部
この塗液をグラビア印刷にて、塗布し乾燥して表１の実施例３に示した層構成の調光フィルムを得た。なお、難燃材料は、金属水酸化物からなるものである。
<Example 3>
An HC (hard coat) layer having a thickness of 5 μm was formed on the outermost base material (transparent base material) on the front and back surfaces of the light control film having the same layer structure as in Example 1. The composition of the coating liquid for forming the HC layer is as follows. However, it was set as the structure which does not contain a flame retardant in a base material. The thickness of the light control film was 130 μm.
Material A: PETA (Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd., Viscoat # 300) 100 parts by weight Material B: Irg. 184 (DKSH Japan) 5 parts by weight C material: 100 parts by weight of MEK Flame retardant material (metal hydroxide): magnesium hydroxide (MGZ-3, manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.)
50 parts by weight This coating liquid was applied by gravure printing and dried to obtain a light control film having a layer structure shown in Example 3 of Table 1. The flame retardant material is made of a metal hydroxide.
＜実施例４＞
実施例３と同じ層構成で、ＨＣ層には、リン−窒素系の難燃剤が含有されるものとした。ＨＣ層を形成する塗液の組成は、下記の通りである。調光フィルムの厚さは、１３０μｍとした。
Ａ材料：ＰＥＴＡ（大阪有機社製、ビスコート＃３００） １００重量部
Ｂ材料：Ｉｒｇ．１８４（ＤＫＳＨジャパン） ５重量部
Ｃ材料：ＭＥＫ １００重量部
難燃材料（リン−窒素系）：ホスファゼン化合物（大塚化学社製、ＳＰＥ−１００）
１０重量部
<Example 4>
In the same layer configuration as in Example 3, the HC layer contains a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant. The composition of the coating liquid for forming the HC layer is as follows. The thickness of the light control film was 130 μm.
Material A: PETA (Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd., Viscoat # 300) 100 parts by weight Material B: Irg. 184 (DKSH Japan) 5 parts by weight C material: MEK 100 parts by weight Flame retardant material (phosphorus-nitrogen system): phosphazene compound (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., SPE-100)
10 parts by weight
＜実施例５＞
実施例１と同じ層構成で、表裏面の基材には難燃剤を含まない構成とし、一方の基材の表面に厚さ２０μｍの粘着層を形成した。実施例１と同じリン系の難燃剤をその粘着層に含有させた。調光フィルムとしての厚さは１４０μｍとした。
なお、粘着層への難燃剤は次の様にして作製した。
冷却管、窒素導入管、温度計および攪拌機を備えた反応容器に、ｎ−ブチルアクリレート（東亞合成社製、ＢＡ）を９５重量部、アクリル酸（ＡＡ）を５重量部、トルエンを１５０重量部、２、２’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル（ＡＩＢＮ）を０．１重量部投入し、６０℃にて８時間重合させ重合体トルエン溶液を得た。この重合体トルエン溶液の固形分１００重量部に対し、イソシアネート系架橋剤（日本ポリウレタン工業製、コロネートＬ）を固形分で２重量部、更にリン系難燃剤ビスフェノールＡビス（ＡＤＥＫＡ社製、ＦＰ−６００）を８０重量部添加した。
<Example 5>
In the same layer configuration as in Example 1, the base material on the front and back surfaces did not contain a flame retardant, and an adhesive layer having a thickness of 20 μm was formed on the surface of one base material. The same phosphorous flame retardant as in Example 1 was contained in the adhesive layer. The thickness of the light control film was 140 μm.
The flame retardant for the adhesive layer was prepared as follows.
In a reaction vessel equipped with a cooling pipe, a nitrogen introduction pipe, a thermometer and a stirrer, 95 parts by weight of n-butyl acrylate (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., BA), 5 parts by weight of acrylic acid (AA), and 150 parts by weight of toluene 0.1 part by weight of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was added and polymerized at 60 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a polymer toluene solution. 2 parts by weight of an isocyanate-based crosslinking agent (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry, Coronate L) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of this polymer toluene solution, and further a phosphorus-based flame retardant bisphenol A bis (manufactured by ADEKA, FP- 600) was added in an amount of 80 parts by weight.
＜実施例６＞
実施例１の層構成に加えて、調光層の表裏面側の導電層との間に、配向層を挿入した構成とした（表３の層構成参照）。配向層の厚さは、０．１μｍとした。配向層の厚さは薄いため、調光フィルムとしての厚さは実施例１と同じ１２０μｍである。また、ヘイズおよび全光線透過率の測定は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ７１３６に従って、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖにおける最大ヘイズと最小透過率を測定した。その他は実施例１と同様である。
<Example 6>
In addition to the layer configuration of Example 1, an alignment layer was inserted between the light control layer and the conductive layer on the front and back sides (see the layer configuration in Table 3). The thickness of the alignment layer was 0.1 μm. Since the thickness of the alignment layer is thin, the thickness as the light control film is 120 μm as in Example 1. Moreover, the measurement of the haze and the total light transmittance measured the maximum haze and the minimum transmittance | permeability in the applied voltage 0-100V according to JISK7136. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
＜実施例７＞
実施例２の層構成に加えて、調光層の表裏面側の導電層との間に、配向層を挿入した構成とした（表３の層構成参照）。また、基材に添加した難燃剤をハロゲン系とし、その添加量も変更した。調光フィルムとしての厚さは２２０μｍとした。それ以外は、実施例６と同様とした。
<Example 7>
In addition to the layer configuration of Example 2, an alignment layer was inserted between the front and back conductive layers of the light control layer (see the layer configuration in Table 3). Moreover, the flame retardant added to the base material was made halogen-based, and the addition amount was also changed. The thickness of the light control film was 220 μm. Otherwise, it was the same as Example 6.
＜実施例８＞
実施例３の層構成に加えて、調光層の表裏面側の導電層との間に、配向層を挿入した構成とした（表２の層構成参照）。配向層の厚さは、０．１μｍとした。配向層の厚さは薄いため、調光フィルムとしての厚さは実施例３と同じ１３０μｍである。その他は実施例３と同様である。
<Example 8>
In addition to the layer configuration of Example 3, an alignment layer was inserted between the front and back conductive layers of the light control layer (see the layer configuration in Table 2). The thickness of the alignment layer was 0.1 μm. Since the thickness of the alignment layer is thin, the thickness as the light control film is 130 μm, which is the same as in Example 3. Others are the same as in the third embodiment.
＜実施例９＞
実施例４の層構成に加えて、調光層の表裏面側の導電層との間に、配向層を挿入した構成とした（表２の層構成参照）。基材に添加した難燃剤をリン−窒素系とし、添加量を変更した以外は、実施例８と同様とした。
<Example 9>
In addition to the layer configuration of Example 4, an alignment layer was inserted between the front and back conductive layers of the light control layer (see the layer configuration in Table 2). The flame retardant added to the base material was phosphorus-nitrogen, and the same procedure as in Example 8 was performed except that the addition amount was changed.
＜実施例１０＞
実施例５の層構成に加えて、調光層の表裏面側の導電層との間に、配向層を挿入した構成とした（表２の層構成参照）。配向層の厚さは、０．１μｍとした。配向層の厚さは薄いため、調光フィルムとしての厚さは実施例５と同じ１４０μｍである。その他は実施例５と同様である。
<Example 10>
In addition to the layer structure of Example 5, an alignment layer was inserted between the light control layer and the conductive layer on the front and back sides (see the layer structure in Table 2). The thickness of the alignment layer was 0.1 μm. Since the thickness of the alignment layer is thin, the thickness as the light control film is 140 μm, which is the same as in Example 5. Others are the same as in the fifth embodiment.
次に、比較例について説明する。 Next, a comparative example will be described.
＜比較例１＞
実施例１と同じ層構成であるが、基材に難燃剤を添加しない構成とした。
<Comparative Example 1>
Although it was the same layer structure as Example 1, it was set as the structure which does not add a flame retardant to a base material.
＜比較例２＞
基材の厚さを５０μｍから１５０μｍに変更した点以外は、実施例１と同じ構成とした。
<Comparative example 2>
The configuration was the same as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the substrate was changed from 50 μm to 150 μm.
＜比較例３＞
基材の厚さを５０μｍから１５０μｍに変更した点以外は、比較例１と同じ構成とした。
<Comparative Example 3>
The configuration was the same as Comparative Example 1 except that the thickness of the substrate was changed from 50 μm to 150 μm.
＜比較例４＞
基材に難燃剤を添加しなかった点以外は、実施例６と同じ構成とした。
<Comparative Example 4>
The configuration was the same as that of Example 6 except that the flame retardant was not added to the substrate.
＜比較例５＞
基材の厚さを５０μｍから１５０μｍに変更した点以外は、実施例６と同じ構成とした。
<Comparative Example 5>
The configuration was the same as that of Example 6 except that the thickness of the base material was changed from 50 μm to 150 μm.
＜比較例６＞
基材に難燃剤を添加しなかった点以外は、比較例５と同じ構成とした。
<Comparative Example 6>
The configuration was the same as that of Comparative Example 5 except that the flame retardant was not added to the substrate.
以上、実施例１〜５、比較例１〜３で作成した調光フィルムの難燃性評価と光学特性の評価結果を表１にまとめて示した。また、実施例６〜１０、比較例４〜６で作成した調光フィルムの難燃性評価と光学特性の評価結果を表２にまとめて示した。なお、表３に実施例１〜１０と比較例１〜６の調光フィルムの層構成を示した。 The flame retardancy evaluation and optical property evaluation results of the light control films prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are summarized in Table 1 above. Moreover, the flame-retardant evaluation of the light control film created in Examples 6-10 and Comparative Examples 4-6 and the evaluation result of the optical characteristic were put together in Table 2, and were shown. In addition, in Table 3, the layer structure of the light control film of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-6 was shown.
実施例１〜１０については、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果は全てＶＴＭ−０となり、高い難燃性を備えていた。またＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は全て２７となり、高い難燃性を備えていた。これらの調光フィルムの厚さは１２０μｍ〜１４０μｍであった。また、実施例１〜５におけるノーマルモードにおいては、最小ヘイズは１０％、最大透過率は７５％であった。実施例６〜１０におけるリバースモードにおいては、最大ヘイズ８０％、最小透過率は１０％であった。また、マンドレルを用いた屈曲性は、全てφ１０ｍｍであり、良好であった。 About Examples 1-10, the result of having evaluated flame retardance by UL-94 specification became all VTM-0, and was equipped with high flame retardance. Moreover, all the oxygen index by ISO4589-2 became 27, and had high flame retardance. The thickness of these light control films was 120 μm to 140 μm. Further, in the normal mode in Examples 1 to 5, the minimum haze was 10% and the maximum transmittance was 75%. In the reverse modes in Examples 6 to 10, the maximum haze was 80% and the minimum transmittance was 10%. Further, the flexibility using a mandrel was all φ10 mm, which was good.
一方、ノーマルモードの比較例１は、調光フィルムの厚さは１２０μｍであったが、難燃剤を添加していないため、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果はＶＴＭ−２、ＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は２２となり、良好な結果ではなかった。また、マンドレルを用いた屈曲性は、全てφ１０ｍｍであり、良好であった。 On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 of the normal mode, the thickness of the light control film was 120 μm, but since no flame retardant was added, the results of evaluating flame retardancy according to the UL-94 standard were VTM-2 and ISO4589. The oxygen index by -2 was 22, which was not a good result. Further, the flexibility using a mandrel was all φ10 mm, which was good.
比較例２は、難燃剤を基材に添加した構成であったため、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果はＶＴＭ−０、ＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は２７となり、良好な難燃性であった。光学的な特性は、最小ヘイズが１０％、最大透過率が７５％であり、良好であった。しかし調光フィルムの厚さが３２０μｍと厚かったため、マンドレルを用いた屈
曲性は、φ２０ｍｍであり、良好ではなかった。
Since the comparative example 2 was the structure which added the flame retardant to the base material, the oxygen index by VTM-0 and ISO4589-2 was 27, as a result of evaluating flame retardance according to UL-94 standard, and good flame retardancy Met. The optical characteristics were good with a minimum haze of 10% and a maximum transmittance of 75%. However, since the thickness of the light control film was as thick as 320 μm, the flexibility using a mandrel was φ20 mm, which was not good.
比較例３は、難燃剤が添加されていないため、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果はＶＴＭ−２、ＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は２２となり、良好な結果ではなかった。また、マンドレルを用いた屈曲性は、調光フィルムの厚さが３２０μｍと厚かったため、φ２０ｍｍとなり、良好ではなかった。 Since the flame retardant was not added to Comparative Example 3, the result of evaluating the flame retardancy according to the UL-94 standard was an oxygen index of 22 according to VTM-2 and ISO4589-2, which was not a good result. Further, the flexibility using a mandrel was not good because the thickness of the light control film was as large as 320 μm, which was φ20 mm.
一方、リバースモードの比較例４は、難燃剤を添加していなかったため、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果はＶＴＭ−２、ＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は２２となり、良好な結果ではなかった。屈曲性と光学的特性は良好だった。 On the other hand, since Comparative Example 4 in reverse mode did not add a flame retardant, the result of evaluating the flame retardancy according to the UL-94 standard was an oxygen index of 22 according to VTM-2 and ISO 4589-2. There wasn't. Flexibility and optical properties were good.
リバースモードの比較例５は、難燃剤を添加しているため、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果はＶＴＭ−０、ＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は２７となり、良好な難燃性であった。また、光学特性も実施例６〜１０と同じく最大ヘイズが８０％、最小透過率が１０％と良好であった。しかしながら、調光フィルムの厚さが３２０μｍと厚かったため、マンドレルを用いた屈曲性がφ２０ｍｍとなり、良好ではなかった。 In Comparative Example 5 of the reverse mode, since a flame retardant was added, the result of evaluating the flame retardancy according to the UL-94 standard was an oxygen index of 27 according to VTM-0 and ISO 4589-2. there were. Further, the optical properties were as good as those of Examples 6 to 10, in which the maximum haze was 80% and the minimum transmittance was 10%. However, since the thickness of the light control film was as thick as 320 μm, the flexibility using a mandrel was φ20 mm, which was not good.
リバースモードの比較例６は、難燃剤が添加されていないため、難燃性をＵＬ−９４規格で評価した結果はＶＴＭ−２、ＩＳＯ４５８９−２による酸素指数は２２となり、良好な結果ではなかった。また、マンドレルを用いた屈曲性は、調光フィルムの厚さが３２０μｍと厚かったため、φ２０ｍｍとなり、良好ではなかった。光学的な特性は、最大ヘイズが８０％、最小透過率が１０％と良好であった。 In Comparative Example 6 in reverse mode, since no flame retardant was added, the result of evaluating the flame retardancy according to the UL-94 standard was an oxygen index of 22 according to VTM-2 and ISO 4589-2, which was not a good result. . Further, the flexibility using a mandrel was not good because the thickness of the light control film was as large as 320 μm, which was φ20 mm. The optical characteristics were good with a maximum haze of 80% and a minimum transmittance of 10%.
なお、難燃剤としては、下記の様なものを使用した。
実施例１、６：リン系、大八化学工業社製、ＰＸ−２００
実施例２、７：ハロゲン系、ＤＩＣ社製、メガファックＦ１１４
実施例３、８：金属水酸化物、大塚化学社製、ＭＧＺ−３
実施例４、９：リン−窒素系、大塚化学社製、ＳＰＥ−１００
実施例５、１０：リン系、ＡＤＥＫＡ社製、ＦＰ−６００
In addition, as a flame retardant, the following were used.
Examples 1 and 6: Phosphorus-based, manufactured by Daihachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., PX-200
Examples 2 and 7: Halogen-based, manufactured by DIC, MegaFuck F114
Examples 3 and 8: Metal hydroxide, manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., MGZ-3
Examples 4 and 9: Phosphorus-nitrogen system, manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., SPE-100
Examples 5 and 10: Phosphorus, ADEKA, FP-600
１・・・第１透明基材
２・・・樹脂層
３・・・第１透明導電層
４・・・樹脂層
５・・・第１配向層
６・・・調光層
７・・・第２配向層
８・・・樹脂層
９・・・第２透明導電層
１０・・・樹脂層
１１・・・第２透明基材
２０、２０−１・・・調光フィルム
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... 1st transparent base material 2 ... Resin layer 3 ... 1st transparent conductive layer 4 ... Resin layer 5 ... 1st orientation layer 6 ... Light control layer 7 ... 1st 2 orientation layer 8 ... resin layer 9 ... 2nd transparent conductive layer 10 ... resin layer 11 ... 2nd transparent base material 20, 20-1 ... light control film
Claims (12)
前記難燃性は、ＵＬ９４規格におけるＶＴＭ−０、ＩＳＯ４５８９（ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０１）による酸素指数が２７以上、ＩＳＯ５６６０に準拠した発熱性試験において試験時間５分間の総発熱量が８ＭＪ／ｍ２以下、鉄道車両用材料の燃焼試験により難燃の基準を満たす、ＪＩＳＡ１３２２で規定する防炎試験の防炎１級に合格、の少なくとも何れかを充足する難燃性であって、
前記調光層に電圧を印加した場合にヘイズが減少する調光フィルムであって、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最小ヘイズが１０％以下、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最大透過率が４０％以上であることを特徴とする調光フィルム。 A first transparent conductive layer for applying a voltage to the light control layer directly or via another layer on the first main surface side of the light control layer capable of switching between two or more types of haze by an applied voltage; A first transparent substrate is laminated directly on the transparent conductive layer or via another layer, and on the second main surface side opposite to the first main surface side of the light control layer, directly or via another layer A second transparent conductive layer for applying a voltage to the light control layer, and a light control film in which a second transparent substrate is laminated directly or via another layer on the second transparent conductive layer, Or at least one of the resin layers laminated on any one of the above layers, containing a flame retardant, and having a total thickness of 250 μm or less and having passed 10 mmφ in a bending resistance test,
The flame retardant is, VTM-0 in the UL94 standard, ISO4589 (JIS K7201) oxygen index according to 27 above, the total calorific value of test time 5 minutes in an exothermic resistance test according to ISO5660 is 8 MJ / m 2 or less, railcar A flame retardant that satisfies at least one of the flame retardant grade 1 of the flame retardant test prescribed in JIS A1322, which satisfies the flame retardant standard by the combustion test of the material,
A light control film in which haze is reduced when a voltage is applied to the light control layer, wherein the minimum haze is 10% or less when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V, and the maximum transmittance is 40 when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V. %, A light control film characterized by being at least%.
前記難燃性は、ＵＬ９４規格におけるＶＴＭ−０、ＩＳＯ４５８９（ＪＩＳ Ｋ７２０１）による酸素指数が２７以上、ＩＳＯ５６６０に準拠した発熱性試験において試験時間５分間の総発熱量が８ＭＪ／ｍ２以下、鉄道車両用材料の燃焼試験により難燃の基準を満たす、ＪＩＳＡ１３２２で規定する防炎試験の防炎１級に合格、の少なくとも何れかを充足する難燃性であって、
前記調光層に電圧を印加した場合にヘイズが減少する調光フィルムであって、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最大ヘイズが８０％以上、印加電圧０〜１００Ｖのときの最小透過
率が１０％以下であることを特徴とする調光フィルム。 A first alignment layer laminated on the first main surface side of the light control layer capable of switching between two or more types of haze by an applied voltage, and the light control layer directly or via another layer on the first alignment layer A first transparent conductive layer to which a voltage is applied, and a first transparent base material laminated on the first transparent conductive layer directly or via another layer, and a first transparent surface opposite to the first main surface side of the light control layer A second alignment layer laminated on the two principal surface side, a second transparent conductive layer for applying a voltage to the light control layer directly or via the other alignment layer, and the second transparent conductive layer A light control film in which the second transparent substrate is laminated directly or via another layer, and at least one of the layers or the resin layer laminated on any of the layers It contains a flame retardant, has a total thickness of 250 μm or less, and has passed 10 mmφ in a bending resistance test,
The flame retardant is, VTM-0 in the UL94 standard, ISO4589 (JIS K7201) oxygen index according to 27 above, the total calorific value of test time 5 minutes in an exothermic resistance test according to ISO5660 is 8 MJ / m 2 or less, railcar A flame retardant that satisfies at least one of the flame retardant grade 1 of the flame retardant test prescribed in JIS A1322, which satisfies the flame retardant standard by the combustion test of the material,
A light control film in which haze is reduced when a voltage is applied to the light control layer, wherein the maximum haze is 80% or more when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V, and the minimum transmittance is 10 when the applied voltage is 0 to 100V. % Of the light control film characterized by being below.
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| WO2019221167A1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Dimming device, management method for dimming device, and production method for dimming device |
| JP2019200414A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Dimmer |
| JP7293733B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2023-06-20 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | dimmer |
| CN112839807A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2021-05-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Transparent resin film, decorative sheet, and method for producing decorative sheet |
| WO2020129690A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-25 | 日東電工株式会社 | Light control film |
| JPWO2020129690A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2021-10-28 | 日東電工株式会社 | Dimming film |
| JP7451057B2 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2024-03-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | light control film |
| US11686965B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-06-27 | Toppan Inc. | Light control sheet, light control device, and method of controlling the light control sheet |
| US11640078B2 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2023-05-02 | Toppan Inc. | Light control device |
| CN114935849A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-23 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Dimming assembly, preparation method thereof and vehicle |
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