JP2018021430A - Roof structure and building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building capable of securing sunshine for natural lawn while preventing snow accumulation in a field of the natural lawn even when the amount of snowfall is large.SOLUTION: A dome type athletic field 1 has a roof 30 for covering natural lawn 11. The roof 30 includes: a central part 31 having a predetermined roof pitch; and a peripheral edge part 32 provided around the central part 31, and having a larger roof pitch than the central part 31. The peripheral edge part 32 has solar transmittance equal to or larger than a predetermined value. On the indoor side of the peripheral edge part 32, a movable louver 40c is provided which has a reflection surface 42 for reflecting the sunlight which enters by transmitting the peripheral edge part 32 toward an undersurface of the central part 31. On the undersurface of the central part 31, a reflection surface 43 is provided for reflecting the sunlight entering from the reflection surface 42 of the movable louver 40c toward the natural lawn 11.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to, for example, a roof structure that covers a field of natural turf, and a building having this roof structure.

Conventionally, in areas where the amount of snowfall in winter is large, a dome-shaped building has been proposed in which a field for playing baseball or soccer is covered with a roof.
In such a field, it is preferable to use natural turf instead of artificial turf in order to reduce the burden on the athlete's body, but when natural turf is used in the field, turf cultivation and maintenance management is recommended. Therefore, it is necessary to irradiate the entire field with sunlight.

Therefore, the following roof structure has been proposed.
In Patent Document 1, a roof gutter is provided on a spectator seat surrounding the field, and a reflector is provided at the front end of the spectator seat or the roof gutter. According to Patent Document 1, by appropriately adjusting the angle of the reflecting plate, sunlight is reflected by the reflecting plate and irradiated to the grass located in the shadow of the roof fence.

  In Patent Document 2, an opening that can be opened and closed is provided in a roof that covers a field, and a reflection sheet that reflects sunlight is disposed immediately below the opening so as to surround the field. Thereby, the sunlight taken indoors from the opening of the roof is reflected by the reflection sheet and irradiated to the entire surface of the field.

JP-A-8-277644 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-60315

However, in patent document 1, since it is not the structure which covers the whole field with a roof, there existed a possibility that it might accumulate snow on a field at the time of snowfall.
Moreover, although patent document 2 is a structure which covers a field with a roof, when it snowed on the roof, there was a possibility that the roof could not be opened and closed and the natural turf on the field could not be secured sufficiently.

  An object of this invention is to provide the roof structure and building which can ensure the sunlight of this natural grass, preventing the snow accumulation of the field of natural grass even if there is much snowfall.

  The roof structure according to claim 1 is a roof structure (for example, a roof 30 to be described later) that covers a lawn (for example, a natural grass 11 to be described later), and has a center part (for example, a center part to be described later) having a predetermined roof slope. 31) and a peripheral part (for example, a peripheral part 32 described later) provided around the central part and having a roof slope larger than that of the central part, and the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral part is not less than a predetermined value. A reflection having a first reflection surface (for example, a reflection surface 42 to be described later) that reflects sunlight that is transmitted through the periphery and incident toward the lower surface of the central portion on the indoor side of the periphery. A device (for example, a movable louver 40c described later) is provided, and a second reflection surface (for example, a reflection described later) that reflects sunlight incident from the first reflection surface toward the grass is provided on the lower surface of the central portion. A surface 43) is provided.

Here, the center portion is a portion on the center side of the roof in plan view, and the maximum roof gradient is, for example, 25 ° or less.
Further, the peripheral portion is a portion outside the central portion of the roof in plan view, and the inclination angle of the peripheral portion with respect to the roof gradient, that is, the horizontal plane exceeds 25 °, for example. When the roof gradient at the peripheral edge is 25 ° or less, it is difficult for the snow to slide during snowfall, and snow may accumulate on the peripheral edge.
Moreover, the solar radiation transmittance of a peripheral part is 40% or more, for example. When the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral part is less than 40%, sunlight cannot be sufficiently taken indoors through the peripheral part, so that there is a possibility that the turf will be insufficiently sunshine.

According to the present invention, since the roof structure is provided so as to cover the turf field, it is possible to prevent snow on the natural turf even when the amount of snowfall is large.
In addition, when snow falls, even if snow is accumulated in the central part, almost no snow is accumulated in the peripheral part, so that sunlight can be taken indoors through the peripheral part.
Moreover, the sunlight which permeate | transmitted and entered the peripheral part is irradiated to a lawn via the 2nd reflective surface of the 1st reflective surface of a reflection apparatus, and a center part lower surface. At this time, since the light reflected by the second reflecting surface on the lower surface of the central portion is irradiated on the entire turf, it is possible to secure sunlight on the turf on the field.
Further, since the light is reflected from the lower surface of the central portion, the difference in brightness between the central portion and the peripheral portion is reduced indoors, and a good competition environment can be provided to the athletes on the field.

  In the roof structure according to claim 2, a third reflecting surface (for example, a reflecting surface 42, which will be described later) is provided on the indoor side of the peripheral portion and reflects sunlight incident through the peripheral portion toward the grass. ) Is further provided (for example, a movable louver 40b described later).

  According to this invention, the sunlight that has passed through the peripheral portion and entered is reflected by the third reflecting surface and irradiated on the turf. Therefore, the sunlight taken indoors from the peripheral part can be irradiated to the indoor turf.

  The roof structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral edge portion decreases from the upper side to the lower side.

  According to this invention, since the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral portion is lowered toward the lower side, the glare felt by the player on the field can be reduced. That is, since the line of sight of the competitor during the competition does not become very high, the glare felt by the athlete can be reduced by reducing the solar radiation transmittance below the peripheral edge.

  The roof structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that the peripheral edge portion is formed of glass, and a window that can be opened and closed (for example, a window 33 described later) is provided in the peripheral edge portion.

  According to the present invention, by opening the window, it is possible to take air from outside into the room and ventilate the room.

  The roof structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that the peripheral portion is formed of a thermoplastic fluororesin.

  According to this invention, since the peripheral portion is formed of the thermoplastic fluororesin, it is possible to adopt light having a wavelength suitable for turf growth. Moreover, since the weight of the roof can be reduced, the construction cost can be reduced.

  The roof structure according to claim 6, wherein the reflection device is a louver (for example, a movable louver 40 described later) that can rotate about a horizontal direction as a rotation axis, and the reflection surface is provided on a surface of the louver. It is characterized by.

  According to the present invention, since the louver can be rotated, even if the solar altitude changes depending on the season or time zone, the sunlight can be kept at a predetermined position indoors by appropriately adjusting the angle of the reflecting surface of the louver with respect to the horizontal plane. In addition to being able to irradiate, it is possible to reduce glare that is felt by the athlete on the field 10.

  The roof structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that the louver can be set at an angle substantially parallel to an incident angle of sunlight.

  According to the present invention, since the louver is set at an angle substantially parallel to the incident angle of sunlight, depending on the position of the sun, the sunlight can be directly applied to the grass surface without being reflected and attenuated by the louver.

  The roof structure according to claim 8 is characterized in that a reflecting surface of the reflecting device (for example, a fixed louver 70 described later) is fixed at a predetermined angle.

  According to this invention, since the reflecting surface of the reflecting device is fixed at a predetermined angle, a complicated mechanism for driving the reflecting device is not required, so that the construction cost of the reflecting device can be reduced and the reflecting device can be maintained. Management becomes easy.

  The building according to claim 9 (for example, a dome-shaped stadium 1, 1A described later) includes a field (for example, a field 10 described later) in which natural turf (for example, natural turf 11 described later) is planted, and the field And a roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which covers the field and the audience seat.

  The building according to claim 10 is characterized in that the reflection device is provided only directly above the spectator seat.

According to this invention, since the reflecting device is provided at a position directly above the spectator seat in the peripheral portion, it is possible to irradiate the back lawn surface with sunlight, and the sunshine is directly irradiated to the audience seat. It is possible to improve the thermal environment of the audience seats.
In addition, since the reflecting device is not provided at any position other than the portion directly above the spectator seat in the peripheral portion, depending on the position of the sun, sunlight can be directly applied to the grass surface without being attenuated by the reflecting device.

  According to the present invention, even when the amount of snowfall is large, the natural turf sunshine can be secured while preventing snow accumulation in the natural turf field.

It is a longitudinal section of the dome type stadium where the roof structure concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention was applied. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the reflection apparatus of the roof structure which concerns on the said embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the peripheral part of the dome shape stadium which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the reflection apparatus of the roof structure which concerns on the said embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the embodiments, the same constituent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a dome-type stadium 1 as a building to which a roof structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
The dome-shaped stadium 1 includes a field 10 in which natural turf 11 is planted, a spectator seat 20 that is arranged in a staircase shape surrounding the field 10, and a roof 30 that covers the field 10 and the spectator seat 20.

1 is provided with an opening 21 for taking outside air indoors from the outside.
The roof 30 includes a central portion 31 having a predetermined roof gradient, and a peripheral portion 32 provided around the central portion 31 and having a larger roof gradient than the central portion 31.

The central part 31 is made of metal that does not transmit sunlight. In addition, the central portion 31 has a maximum roof slope of 25 ° or less, and the longitudinal section of the central portion 31 has a curved shape slightly bulging upward.
On the other hand, the peripheral portion 32 is formed of glass having a solar transmittance of 40% or more. Moreover, the roof gradient of the peripheral part 32 is about 35 degrees, and the longitudinal cross-section of the peripheral part 32 is linear.

A window 33 that can be opened and closed is provided on the peripheral edge 32.
In the vicinity of the peripheral portion 32 on the indoor side, a movable louver 40 as a reflection device is arranged in a plurality of stages along the peripheral portion 32 in the vertical direction. Hereinafter, among the movable louvers 40, those arranged at the uppermost stage are movable louvers 40a, those arranged at the second and third stages from the top are movable louvers 40b, and arranged at the fourth and lower stages from the top. Is a movable louver 40c.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the movable louver 40.
The movable louver 40 can be rotated by a rotation shaft 41 extending in the horizontal direction, and can be set at an arbitrary angle with respect to a horizontal plane. A reflective surface 42 that reflects sunlight is formed on the front and back surfaces of the movable louver 40.

Here, in the case of the solar altitude a, if the incident angle (solar altitude) of the sunlight S is θ _sa , the angle of the reflection surface 42 with respect to the horizontal plane is θ _ba , and the angle of the reflected light R is θ _ra , (1) is established.

θ _ba = 1/2 × (θ _sa −θ _ra ) (1)

  Returning to FIG. 1, the uppermost movable louver 40 a is substantially parallel to the incident angle of sunlight S. Therefore, the sunlight S that is transmitted through the peripheral edge portion 32 and is incident on the field 10 as it is without being reflected by the reflecting surface 42 of the movable louver 40a.

In the movable louver 40 b, the reflecting surface 42 as the third reflecting surface reflects the sunlight S incident through the peripheral edge portion 32 toward the field 10.
In the movable louver 40 c, the reflecting surface 42 as the first reflecting surface reflects the sunlight S that is transmitted through the peripheral edge portion 32 toward the lower surface of the central portion 31.

  A reflection surface 43 as a second reflection surface that reflects sunlight S incident from the reflection surface 42 of the movable louver 40 c toward the field 10 is provided on the lower surface of the central portion 31.

According to this embodiment, there are the following effects.
(1) Since the roof 30 is provided so as to cover the field 10 of the natural turf 11, it is possible to prevent the natural turf 11 from accumulating snow even when the amount of snowfall is large.
Further, during snowfall, even if snow L is generated in the central portion 31, almost no snow is accumulated in the peripheral portion 32, so that sunlight can be taken indoors through the peripheral portion 32.
Further, the sunlight S that has passed through the peripheral portion 32 is incident on the natural turf 11 on the field 10 via the reflective surface 42 of the movable louver 40 c and the reflective surface 43 of the lower surface of the central portion 31. At this time, the light reflected by the reflecting surface 43 on the lower surface of the central portion 31 is irradiated on the entire natural turf 11, so that the sunlight on the natural turf 11 on the field 10 can be secured.
Further, since the light is reflected by the reflecting surface 43 on the lower surface of the central portion 31, the difference in luminance between the central portion 31 and the peripheral portion 32 is reduced indoors, and a good competition environment can be provided to the athletes on the field 10.

  (2) The sunlight S that has entered through the peripheral edge portion 32 is reflected by the reflecting surface 42 of the movable louver 40b and is irradiated on the natural grass 11. Therefore, the natural sunlight 11 taken indoors from the peripheral part 32 can be irradiated to the indoor natural grass 11.

  (3) Since the opening 21 and the window 33 are opened and the wind passes through the opening 21 and the window 33 as shown by white arrows in FIG. 1, the interior can be ventilated.

  (4) Since the movable louver 40 is rotatable, by adjusting the inclination angle of the reflecting surface 42 of the movable louver 40 with respect to the horizontal plane as appropriate, even when the solar altitude changes depending on the season or time zone, In addition to being able to irradiate a predetermined position, it is possible to reduce glare that the athlete on the field 10 feels.

  (5) When the movable louver 40 is located on the spectator seat 20, the movable louver 40 blocks the sunlight that travels toward the spectator seat 20, so that the heat load on the spectator seat 20 can be reduced.

  (6) Since the movable louver 40a is set substantially parallel to the incident angle of sunlight, the natural turf 11 can be directly irradiated without being reflected and attenuated by the movable louver 40a.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the peripheral edge portion 32 of the dome-type stadium 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
The peripheral portion 32 is formed of thermoplastic fluororesin (ETFE) films 60 and 61 arranged in a double manner.

Of the films 60 and 61 constituting the peripheral portion 32, the solar transmittance of the outer film 60 is 90% or more over the entire surface, but the solar transmittance of the inner film 61 is 90% at the upper end and the lower end. Is 50%, and decreases from the upper side to the lower side.
A space between the films 60 and 61 is a sealed space 62 that is sealed. In the sealed space 62, fixed louvers 70 as reflection devices fixed at a predetermined angle are arranged in a plurality of stages along the peripheral edge portion 32 in the vertical direction.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fixed louver 70.
The fixed louver 70 has a structure that sends a certain amount of sunlight to the reflecting surface 43 on the lower surface of the central portion 31 throughout the year without depending on the solar altitude.
Specifically, a reflective surface 71 is provided on the upper surface of the fixed louver 70. This reflecting surface 71 is a set of a plurality of reflecting regions 72a, 72b, 72c, 72d, 72e, 72f, 72g corresponding to solar altitudes of 80 °, 70 °, 60 °, 50 °, 40 °, 30 °, 20 °. Is the body. The reflection regions 72a to 72g are arranged in order from the outdoor side toward the indoor side, and are formed so that the angle with respect to the horizontal plane becomes smaller corresponding to the lower solar altitude as the indoor region is arranged.

The reflection regions 72a to 72g reflect sunlight S having a solar altitude a as reflected light R having a reflected light angle θra with respect to the horizontal plane.
Here, when the solar altitude is a, the incident angle (solar altitude) of sunlight is θ _sa , the angle of the reflection regions 72a to 72g with respect to the horizontal plane is θ _ba, and the angle of the reflected light is θ _ra , Formula (2) is materialized.

θ _ba = 1/2 × (θ _sa −θ _ra ) (2)

Moreover, the length of each reflective area | region 72a-72g is set so that it may become so long that solar altitude becomes low. This is because as the sun altitude is low, because the resulting light intensity is reduced to per unit length of the reflective region 72a to 72g, by increasing the length of the reflective region 72a to 72g, relying on solar altitude theta _sa It is not necessary to obtain a light level above a certain level throughout the year.

  The back surface (lower surface) 73 of the fixed louver 70 has a lower reflectance than the reflective surface 71.

According to this embodiment, in addition to the effects (1) and (2) described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(7) Since the peripheral edge portion 32 is formed of the thermoplastic fluororesin films 60 and 61, light having a wavelength suitable for growing the natural turf 11 can be taken. Moreover, since the weight reduction of the roof 30 is realizable, construction cost can be reduced.

  (8) Since the reflecting surface 71 of the fixed louver 70 is fixed at a predetermined angle, a complicated mechanism for driving the fixed louver 70 is not required, and the maintenance management of the fixed louver 70 is facilitated.

  (9) Since the fixed louver 70 is provided in the sealed space 62 between the films 60 and 61, it is possible to prevent dust from adhering to the fixed louver 70.

  (10) Since the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral portion 32 is lowered toward the lower side, the glare felt by the athlete on the field 10 can be reduced.

  (11) Since the reflectance of the back surface 73 of the fixed louver 70 is lowered, glare (glare) felt by the athlete on the field 10 can be reduced.

  (12) Since the peripheral edge portion 32 is made into the sealed space 62 by the films 60 and 61, the heat insulating performance by the peripheral edge portion 32 is improved, heat loss from the peripheral edge portion 32 can be greatly reduced, and condensation and water droplets are also dropped. Can be prevented.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications, improvements, etc. within a scope that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.
For example, in each of the above-described embodiments, the entire central portion 31 is made of metal and has a structure that does not transmit sunlight. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and an opening or a window that transmits sunlight is partly provided in the central portion. May be provided.

  Further, for example, in each of the embodiments described above, the movable louver 40 and the fixed louver 70 are provided over the entire periphery 32, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the movable louver and the fixed louver are included in the spectator seat 20 in the periphery 32. You may provide only in the position which becomes immediately above.

In this way, the following effects are obtained.
(13) Since the louver is provided at a position directly above the spectator seat in the peripheral portion, it is possible to irradiate sunlight on the back lawn surface, and prevent direct sunlight from being radiated to the spectator seat. The thermal environment of the auditorium can be improved.
In addition, since no louver is provided at a position other than directly above the spectator seat in the peripheral edge, depending on the position of the sun, sunlight can be directly irradiated onto the lawn surface without being attenuated by the reflection device.

a ... Solar altitude θ _ba ... Angle of reflection area with respect to horizontal plane θ _ra ... Reflected light angle θ _sa ... Incident angle of sunlight S ... Sunlight L ... Snow cover R ... Reflected light 1, 1A ... Dome type stadium (building)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Field 11 ... Natural turf 20 ... Audience seat 21 ... Opening part 30 ... Roof 31 ... Center part 32 ... Peripheral part 33 ... Window 40a, 40b, 40c ... Movable louver (reflector) 41 ... Rotating shaft 42 ... Reflecting surface ( First reflective surface, third reflective surface) 43 ... reflective surface (second reflective surface)
60, 61 ... Film 62 ... Sealed space 70 ... Fixed louver (reflecting device) 71 ... Reflecting surface 72a, 72b, 72c, 72d, 72e, 72f, 72g ... Reflecting region 73 ... Back surface

In the roof structure according to claim 3 , a third reflection surface (for example, a reflection surface 42 to be described later) is provided on the indoor side of the peripheral portion, and reflects sunlight incident through the peripheral portion toward the grass. ) Is further provided (for example, a movable louver 40b described later).

The roof structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral edge portion decreases from the upper side to the lower side.

The roof structure according to claim 6 is characterized in that the peripheral portion is formed of glass, and a window that can be opened and closed (for example, a window 33 described later) is provided on the peripheral portion.

The roof structure according to claim 7 is characterized in that the peripheral portion is formed of a thermoplastic fluororesin.

The roof structure according to claim 2 and claim 4 , wherein the reflection device is a louver (for example, a movable louver 40 described later) that can rotate about a horizontal direction as a rotation axis, and the reflection surface is a surface of the louver. It is provided in.

In the roof structure of the present invention , it is preferable that the louver can be set at an angle substantially parallel to the incident angle of sunlight.

In the roof structure of the present invention , it is preferable that a reflection surface of the reflection device (for example, a fixed louver 70 described later) is fixed at a predetermined angle.

The building according to claim 8 (for example, a dome-shaped stadium 1, 1A described later) includes a field (for example, a field 10 described later) in which natural turf (for example, natural turf 11 described later) is planted, and the field And a roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which covers the field and the audience seat.

The building according to claim 9 is characterized in that the reflection device is provided only directly above the spectator seat.

Claims (10)

A roof structure covering the turf,
A center portion of a predetermined roof slope, and a peripheral edge portion provided around the center portion and having a roof slope larger than the center portion,
The peripheral edge has a solar transmittance of a predetermined value or more,
On the indoor side of the peripheral portion, a reflecting device having a first reflecting surface that reflects sunlight incident through the peripheral portion toward the lower surface of the central portion is provided.
The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein a second reflection surface that reflects sunlight incident from the first reflection surface toward the turf is provided on a lower surface of the central portion.   2. The reflection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a third reflection surface configured to reflect sunlight incident through the peripheral edge toward the turf on the indoor side of the peripheral edge. Roof structure.   3. The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the solar radiation transmittance of the peripheral edge portion decreases from the upper side toward the lower side. The peripheral edge is made of glass,
The roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a window that can be opened and closed is provided in the peripheral portion.   The roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the peripheral portion is formed of a thermoplastic fluororesin film. The reflection device is a louver that can rotate about a horizontal direction as a rotation axis,
The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surface is provided on a surface of the louver.   The roof structure according to claim 6, wherein the louver can be set at an angle substantially parallel to an incident angle of sunlight.   The roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reflection surface of the reflection device is fixed at a predetermined angle.   A field in which natural turf is planted, a spectator seat arranged around the field, and the roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which covers the field and the spectator seat. Building.   The building according to claim 9, wherein the reflecting device is provided immediately above the spectator seat.

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