NL8701539A - Collector for storing heat from solar radiation - uses combination of screen which is orientated to admit or reflect sun rays - Google Patents

Abstract

The system is for regulating the amount of heat and/or light in an enclosed space and obtaining heat from a part of the solar radiation spectrum. Under the light transmitting space or cover are light blocking sun-light collectors, which absorb solar rays and convert them into heat. The heat is conducted away by a medium flows through a hollow space in the collector for useful work or storage elsewhere. The collectors are moved w.r.t. each other to admit the desired amount of sun rays and are rigidly or movably, or rotatably mounted. Thus, they receive the correct amount, may be adjustable or may block the sun rays.

Description

• 1 'A.Luyken in Grave'

Apparatus and method for recovering, collecting and storing heat obtained from at least a partial region of the spectrum of the solar radiation, as well as simultaneously being an adjustable screen device and / or possible insulating cover,

The invention relates to an apparatus and method for the. collection and / or correct transmission of sun rays and / or light rays with the aid of a translucent cover, in which the amount of rays to be transmitted or to be received is determined by collectors and possibly applied 10 selective layers and in which the light energy thus collected in the heat is dissipated through an intermediate medium to be used or stored elsewhere, while it is also possible to use the same device as a screen device and / or as an insulating coating.

It is also part of the invention to thus achieve a sharp decrease in cost price per m2 of solar energy surface and to combine the above-mentioned method of energy extraction with storage of the extracted heat in the earth under and / or next to the above-mentioned cover or to store it in a barrel or a basin of water.

Generally known are devices in which the sun's rays or light rays are received by dark, non-transmissive solar panels in order to obtain a solar collector which converts the incident rays into heat, which is then dissipated through an intermediate medium for useful use.

It is customary to manufacture the solar collectors from black plastic which has hollow spaces through which a heat transport medium flows, or from black material which is behind a transparent layer, whereby a heat transport medium flows along the black material and where insulating material is behind the black material. so that in both cases there is no light transmission.

Reasons to design the solar panels as dark, non-transparent, panels are: - that dark matter absorbs the sunlight and converts it into heat - that light rays that pass through a light-transmitting matter are not converted into heat in that matter.

As such, it is not customary here for a solar panel to serve both as a solar collector for the purpose of heat recovery, but also to allow or to transmit solar and / or light rays.

Disadvantages here are that the spaces 40 behind the panels are dependent on artificial lighting, which again costs energy, and these solar panels are relatively expensive, so that economic employability is reduced.

Devices are also known (see also patent application No. 8101713 to Hitachi ltd, Tokyo), in which recovered heat from normal non-transparent solar collectors is stored in the earth for greenhouse purposes.

The disadvantage of these devices is that the co-lecturer does not allow light to pass through, so that for use on horticultural greenhouses, the solar collector must be placed next to the horticultural greenhouse, while a significant loss of light in the greenhouse is matched, with an equally significant 50 production losses) , while it is certainly not possible to use most or all of the roof cover as a collector for the same reasons.

Since this requires additional space and costs and the collector surface must necessarily be limited in dimensions, the said system is less interesting.

55 Also generally known are devices in which panels or cover kinaen are used consisting of 1 or more layers of a translucent material to transmit as many light rays as possible for the benefit of space lighting, plant growth and or heating of the behind the 87 01 Γ · 3 9 2

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panels or cover standing space or surface. All kinds of screen devices are also used to temper or stop the sun or light rays and / or to create additional ventilation options to dissipate excess heat.

5 The disadvantages here are that on sunny days an excess of radiation and heat very quickly arises (in greenhouses, for example), which must be stopped and / or removed with relatively expensive facilities (by means of screen devices and / or ventilation) and thereby the excess energy is not used.

In agriculture, for the purpose of soil heating, transparent plastic is laid over the earth in order to retain the transmitted solar heat for a longer time in order to achieve growth early.

The drawback of this is that it is only a temporary provision which can only be applied as long as the crop is not yet above the ground 15 and moreover has additional drawbacks with regard to the moisture control.

The object or object of the invention is to provide a device and method in which the panels or cover can both drop the light rays in an adjustable manner as required, or allow the residual radiant energy in the form of heat to dissipate through a medium. to usefully use or store these elsewhere for later use, whereby it is also possible to use the panels or cover as an insulating covering layer or screen device and, if necessary, to store these recovered heat in the ground below and / or next to the above-mentioned cover or in a vessel or basin with water or other liquid or in another space in any form.

The object or object of the invention is thus also to provide a relatively inexpensive solar collector which is also able to save the required lighting energy in the covered space or to provide only a relatively inexpensive solar collector when the light transmission has been reduced to nil by the position. of the non-translucent materials or in the event that a non-translucent layer has been deliberately installed on the non-sun side of the solar panels.

Thus, the advantages of adjustable light incidence are utilized and the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated, the excess energy is collected and kept available for later useful use and storage and, moreover, a direct and indirect temperature control of the covered space is made possible by shielding, insulation and heat energy available in storage at minimal cost.

A major advantage here is that the solar panels can be part of the building construction, so that only a small additional investment is required to realize the goal, while, as with horticultural greenhouses, houses and buildings, a considerable co-op surface is created without too much extra. investments and / or extra space and the heat generated can easily be stored directly under or next to the device.

Another major advantage is that the payback time of the investments in insulating multilayer glazing or more layers of plastic sheeting, which is applied from the viewpoint of insulation, can be considerably shortened when this same covering is utilized by means of this invention to capture free heat energy , which saves considerably on heating costs.

A further advantage is that in principle it is possible to work with closed spaces, which, in addition to major advantages in connection with energy saving, also makes it possible to keep possible harmful substances and gases outside 55 and / or to retain desired substances or gases, which means that savings.

The object or aim is also to apply the invention in a wide range of application possibilities, such as for greenhouses, horticultural greenhouses, crop protection or crop production, swimming pool and fishing vistee Itbassins, sports halls 60 or other buildings and in those places where it is desirable or 8701 v. “.« sssataig »<« 3 it is advantageous to be able to adjust the light by dropping it and to use the surplus * of light In the form of heat and / or to use the same cover as [soldering intermediate layer at other times] do this, while also remaining an option to regulate light inside or outside, or to shield the space.

This object is achieved by forming panels or covers consisting of 1.2 or more layers of translucent material, such as glass and or transparent plastic, among other things, and placing behind them or between them collector material which absorbs the sun's rays and converts them into heat, which heat is dissipated through a maximum light-transmitting intermediate medium, such as, for example, water or air, whereby the amount of transmitted light rays can be determined and / or controlled by changing the position cg instead of the light-absorbing collector material and / or by applying spectral effect layers and / or a non-sun-permeable layer on the non-sun side of the panels.

The object is also achieved by storing the recovered heat in the earth under and / or next to the described cover or In a vessel or basin with water or other liquid or in another space in any form.

In the event of heat recovery not being possible, the possibility remains to use the non-translucent light-absorbing material for screening and the panels for insulating the covered space, whereby the heat-transporting medium can then be released,

Of course, many embodiments can be envisaged which can be selected depending on the practical application and the economical feasibility.

When used in agriculture, horticulture, fish farming or for swimming pools for global warming or open-air water basins, the device does not necessarily have to form a total covering, but partial covering or separate panels may suffice. 16 and 17) or the panels may be on or in the water (fig. 18 and 19).

Explanation of the invention will hereinafter take place on the basis of the drawings and graphs according to the appendices, as well as on the basis of some preferred embodiments and examples,

In its simplest form, the Device consists of hollow collectors which are arranged behind or between translucent cover layers (see figures 1 to 3) and which, due to their arrangement and controllability in position and position, block a detectable amount of light radiation 40 and / or transmission, whereby the retained light radiation is converted into heat, which is removed by a medium flowing into the hollow collectors. In addition, the hollow collectors can have all kinds of dimensions and shapes and can have a fixed arrangement or can be arranged in a slidable and / or rotatable manner.

In the preferred embodiment, the collectors are located between 2 light-transmitting cover layers between which the light-transmitting heat-dissipating medium flows. The collectors can have all kinds of shapes and can be composed of all kinds of material and can be arranged in a fixed position or adjustable in terms of location and position. Preferably, according to FIGS. 4 to 6, use will be made of double-glass panels (FIG. 4) or panels of so-called wedge duplicates or steel tri-plates (FIG. 5 and FIG. 6), in which there are black coils which consist of solid material and preferably made of thin slats of plastic or aluminum, such as with conventional sun blinds (blinds) according to figure 6, which are rotatably mounted at a fixed location and can thus regulate the light transmission or light collection.

Preferably, the lamellae on the light-absorbing side are provided with a black color and on the other side with a light-reflecting color, so as to minimize energy losses.

60 A preferred embodiment is also that a number of slats according to figure 6 8 7 üt 5 3 8 - 4 “can be manipulated in such a way that they can be rotated as well as slidable between the transparent layers so that they can be slid up, raised or lowered in their entirety. as is usual with normal sun blinds (blinds).

A further preferred embodiment is to store the heat recovered by means of the invention in the earth under and / or next to the cover and / or in a vessel or basin with water or in another space.

Fig. 7 shows the average averages of the total radiation for a roof pitch of approx. 30 degrees in the months of January to December (1 to 12 inclusive). 10 If now the desired incoming radiation is required, depending on the area of application. , varies between 50 and 100 W / m2, with the aid of the invention the surplus of radiation can be collected and stored. Thus, a shortage of radiant heat in winter (13) can be made up for by the surplus during summer days (14), so that almost 15 one. energy balance can be achieved over the whole year.

Fig. 8 shows the energy balance of a building or horticultural greenhouse with a translucent roof with, as usual, ventilation windows using the so-called "greenhouse effect" for heating.

Fig. 9 shows the energy balance in a building or greenhouse using the "transparent solar solar cover".

In Fig. 8), the solar energy (15) radiates for the most part through the transparent cover layer, except for a part reflection (16). The transmitted radiation is then absorbed by any plants or soil, and converted into heat. This heat (17) is buffered in the top layer of the bottom and plants and other matter present in the room or in the room. The soil loses its heat again through reflection (1 8), radiation (1 9), evaporation (20), through heat transfer to the air (21) and through heat loss through the soil (22). The air (23) which absorbs the heat rises and can only lose its heat by delivering it to the colder roof covering (24) 'or through the ventilation openings (25). As a result, the temperature in the room is already fairly undesirable temperature values are reached quite quickly, as a result of which ventilation is no longer sufficient, but must also be protected by a special screen device (26), which usually consists of screen cloth that is pulled out at the top of the room and usually about 50 ?! of the radiation. This is of course accompanied by enormous energy losses, which energy is badly needed at other times to keep the room at a desired temperature level.

According to fig. 9, a luminescent situation can be achieved with the translucent solar panels, because the majority of the radiation (15) is absorbed (or also transmitted) to a desired value by screening with solar collectors (27), whereby the collected radiation is converted into heat and transported by means of a medium to a storage facility in the bottom under the space or in a water basin under or next to the space in order to have it available again later for heating the same space. The heat transporting medium (28) can be circulated by means of a pump (29) or fan, these being preferably supplied with the required electrical energy by photovoltaic solar panels (30), which photovoltaic solar panels 50 are preferably of a transparent type. and placed in or on the roof covering.

In principle, the above also applies to homes, swimming pools, fish farms, covered shopping centers, etc., etc., in which it is desirable or advantageous in some situations to partially or completely install the translucent panel on the bin 55 (non-sunny). coating with or providing a non-translucent layer so as to limit the amount of incident radiation or heat or to gain more heat, for aesthetic reasons or to use a relatively inexpensive solar coil.

60 The graphs in figures 10 to 15, which are taken from lecture notes of »70 1 5-ti * the Landbouwhogeschool in Wapeningen, clearly show the great importance of an adjustable screen arrangement for horticultural greenhouses. Figure 10 shows the course of the measured radiation in the months January to December (1 to 12). In the free field in the Netherlands on the 15th of each month 5, the time course in hours is shown on the horizontal axis and on the vertical axis the radiation intensity In W / m2 or cal / cm2min.

Figure 11 shows the same for the values in unprotected greenhouses.

Figure 12 shows on the vertical axis how much the radiation reduction in percent is compared to that in the open field (31) for an unscreened greenhouse (32) and in a greenhouse with an adjustable screen cloth (33) which again has a light transmission of 50%. If the desired optimal radiation intensity for plant growth is a constant value of approximately 100 W / m2 (34), when using a screen cloth, there will be periods of too little radiation (35) and periods of too much radiation (36), Fixture 15 indicates that the product ivi of the plant growth 100}! is (37) at a radiation of approx. 100 W / m2 (34) and shows on the vertical axis, in addition to the radiation in absolute value, the deficit and surplus of radiation in percentages and in radiation values. If now there is a shortage of radiation, the productivity will be too low and with a surplus of radiation, there will be fire damage (38). When hardening, the radiation can proceed according to (39). The disadvantage of working with a screen cloth is therefore that it is only possible to screen according to a fixed percentage (40), which percentage then optimally lies at 50 ^, while an ideal screen device should screen inversely proportional to the radiation intensity in order to be able to achieve a constant value of 100 W / m2.

The invention allows for radiation-dependent screening and, in addition, prevents unnecessarily too much heat energy from penetrating the greenhouse while, moreover, it is collected and stored for later useful use.

30 Figure 13 shows that when using a screen cloth in a greenhouse1, a shortage of radiation arises, especially in the months (1), (11) and (12) and considerable surpluses of radiation in the other months.

When using the invention it will be possible to screen at a constant value of approx. 100 W / m2, in which case the residual radiation above 100 W / m2 can be collected and stored in the form of heat, according to figure 14. .

Another preferred embodiment is according to Figures 16 and 17, wherein the light-transmitting solar panels (41) do not completely cover a specific space.

Also, a certain amount of radiation is allowed to pass through or not depending on the need, and the radiation not transmitted is converted into heat and then again removed for delivery through a heat transporting medium, which is circulated by a pump or fan, and storage (42) in the ground or water basin (43).

It is thus possible to collect surplus radiation and use it for heating the soil or water basin, making it possible to obtain a higher soil or water basin temperature throughout the Year, which leads to an increase in pre-harvesting and production for agricultural and horticultural crops and for fish basins also means product delivery.

50 For water basins, such as open-air swimming pools and fish tanks, these will also save a considerable amount on energy costs, especially if the same air-permeable collectors are used to cover the basins to minimize evaporative losses (fig. 17 and 18). need not be in the basin.In this case, the panels are af-55 cover and solar collector at the same time. In addition, according to Fig. 19, it is also possible, if this is desirable, to lower the panels into the water instead of hanging them above the basin (Fig. 17).

Also with these translucent collectors, preferably built-in photovoltaic solar cells are used for the electric drive of the pump and fan.

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Claims (11)

1, Device and method for regulating light and / or heat radiation in a covered space and recovering heat in at least a part of the spectrum of the solar radiation, characterized in that 5 is located under a light-transmitting space or roof covering there are non-transmissive solar collectors that on the one hand absorb the radiation and convert it into heat, which heat is dissipated through a medium, which flows through a hollow space in the collectors, for useful use or storage elsewhere, and on the other hand through the mutual placement of the collectors can transmit a desired amount of radiation, the collectors being fixed or movable and / or rotatable in order to receive the quantity and / or to regulate radiation, 2, Apparatus and method for controlling light and / or heat radiation in a covered space and recovering heat in at least part of the spectrum of the solar radiation, characterized in that located between two light-transmitting space - whether the covers are non-translucent solar collectors that on the one hand absorb the radiation and convert it into heat, we heat is emitted to a 20-light-transmitting medium that flows between the two translucent cover layers and is therefore dissipated for the purpose of useful application or storage elsewhere, and on the other hand being able to transmit a desired amount of radiation through the mutual arrangement of the collectors, wherein the collectors are either fixedly positioned or movable or rotatable, so that the radiation to be determined by the let or to be stopped . 3. Device and method according to claim 2, characterized in that the two opaque cover layers between which the heat-transporting medium flows are insulated by applying further permeable layers, whether or not combined with spectral layers and / or non-transparent layers. Translucent layers that partially or completely prevent the light transmission, in which latter case it is conceivable that the non-translucent layer functions as a radiation-absorbing co-lector layer in cooperation with or instead of the non-translucent solar collectors, whatever or cannot be left out, Device and method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the collectors consist of thin, slightly curved strips of material, such as, for example, aluminum or plastic, such as are used for conventional sun protection (blinds). 40 Device and method according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the solar collectors, like those in claim 1, have cavities so that the heat transporting medium can flow through the collectors as well as between the two transparent layers, or the heat transporting medium alone flows through the hollow collectors, while in the space between the two translucent covering layers there is air or a vacuum or another gas or liquid, 4 IP Cone I us fes: 6. Device and method as claimed in claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the light-transmitting heat-transporting medium consists of uncontaminated water, liquid, air, another gas, or a vapor, 50 Device and method as claimed in claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat recovered is released by means of the heat transporting medium at other places where the heat is desired, and / or that it is stored in the ground and / or in a water basin under or next to the room, 8. Device and method as claimed in claims 1 to 7, characterized in that 55 a pump or fan is used for the transport of the illuminating medium, which is driven by photovoltaic solar panels, Device and method according to Claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the cover does not necessarily have to enclose an entire space + 8, but is used as a transparent solar panel in the open space, or we can cover a basin in whole or in part as a solar panel, by placing it above the water surface or floating on the water surface or sinking in the water. 5 10. Device and method according to claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the translucent layers are formed by so-called stem duo, stem trio or steguate tropates and or by factory-made panels of plastic with 2, 3, 4 or several layers. 11. Device and working method for the collection of solar energy, with the keo-tO brand, that for the cultivation of vegetable biomass Solar panels are used in the open field as described in claims 2 to 9 and / or other solar panels that cover all or part of the open field and in which the collected solar energy is used for heating the earth located under and / or next to the solar panels by storing this collected solar heat in the earth or soil, whether or not in combination with a heat pump. i ¢ 701; 3 S