JP2018008067A - 膜分離装置それを使用するシステムと方法、およびデータ管理システムと方法 - Google Patents
膜分離装置それを使用するシステムと方法、およびデータ管理システムと方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018008067A JP2018008067A JP2017148977A JP2017148977A JP2018008067A JP 2018008067 A JP2018008067 A JP 2018008067A JP 2017148977 A JP2017148977 A JP 2017148977A JP 2017148977 A JP2017148977 A JP 2017148977A JP 2018008067 A JP2018008067 A JP 2018008067A
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Abstract
Description
本出願の一局面に従って、保留した血液の溶血の許容できる低いレベルを有する改善された血漿流量を提供する回転膜セパレーターが提供される。回転速度、回転膜とシエルの間の隙間の寸法、膜の有効面積、赤血球の濃度(またはヘマトクリット)および血液の粘度を含む、種々のファクターが回転膜セパレーターを通る濾過流量に影響することが知られている。回転膜装置の設計における以前のプラクティスは、性能および溶血に対する種々の設計パラメータの効果の漠然として現象学的記述によってある程度助けられた大部分経験的なものであった。このことは費やされた開発時間および技術的資源に関して非効果的であることを証明している。
上に記載した回転膜分離装置は、先行技術装置が一般に適しなかった種々の血液処理システムおよび方法に、特に赤血球を得るためのシステムおよびプロセスに有利に使用することができる。システムおよび方法の一タイプにおいて、スピナーは図9ないし15Aに示すように、前もって採集した全血の“バックラブ”処理に使用することができる。
この開示の他の局面に従って、フィルター膜の表面積の最大量が濡らされ、このため濾過/分離に利用し得る膜面積を最大にする、膜フィルターのプライミング方法が提供される。詳しくは、回転軸が実質上垂直となるように回転膜を配向して回転膜フィルターシステムを前述のようにプライミングする時、濡らし溶液は回転セパレーターの入口ポンプのトップにおいて入り、重力が流体をセパレーターの底の出口は向かって引く。そのような状況のもとで、プライミング流体の表面張力は膜表面を横切って不均等に動き、中断を作り出す空気一流体界面を形成する。この結果は、フィルター膜のいくらかの面積がプライミングの間に濡れず、このため空気が膜マトリックス中に捕捉される可能性を増すことになる。膜の濡れなかった区域は分離に利用されず、空気が追い出されるのに十分な圧力が発生するまで膜の分離効率に悪影響する。
ここに記載したシステムはデータ管理解決手段を組み込むことができる。重量計およびシステムへのラベル印刷器の追加は、操作の終了時、ユーザーが分離システムから直接製品重量ラベルを得ることを許容する。これは現在の処理方法に使用されているマニュアル計量およびデータ記録をなくす。モジュールBは、ユーザーおよびドナー同定番号、血液銀号同定、流体回路キット番号、ロット番号等のような情報をユーザーが入力することを許容し、血液製剤センターにおいてデータ管理効率を改善するタッチスクリーン、キーパッドもしくはキーボード、それにスキャナーのような適当なユーザーインターフェースを含むことができる。
本開示の他の局面に従い、上に記載した回転膜セパレーターは、全血の血液成分への単一ステップもしくはチェアサイド採集に有益に使用することができる。後で記載するように、ドナーからの全血の採集と同時に全血を一単位の赤血球と血漿に分離する自動血液採集システムが提供される。このシステムは血液成分のドナーへの再注入戻しなしの1回通過システムであることが意図される。システムは好ましくは、使い捨て流体流回路と、該回路とインターフェースし、そしてそれを通る流体流を制御する耐久性の再使用可能なコントローラを含んでいる。流体回路は好ましくは一回使用のあらかじめ滅菌された使い捨て流体流回路であり、好ましくは赤血球および血漿採集容器、抗凝固剤および赤血球添加剤容器、セパレーターと、そしてドナーから流体回路中への全血のための通路を提供する瘻管を含んでいる。耐久性コントローラは、好ましくは回路を通る流れを制御するように構成されたバルビング、ポンピングおよびセンシングメカニズムを備えたエレクトロメカニカルデバイスと、全血採集操作のために適した安全システムおよび警報機能を含んでいる。
生物学的細胞の洗浄はいくつかの目的に役立つ。例えば、細胞洗浄は生物学的細胞が懸濁している液体媒体を置換するために使用し得る。この場合、第2の液体媒体が元の液体媒体を置換および/または希釈するために加えられる。元の液体媒体および置換液体媒体の一部分が細胞から分離される。元の液体媒体の濃度があるパーセント以下になるまで追加の置換液体媒体を加えることができる。その後細胞は、例えば置換液体媒体中に懸濁されることができる。
流体を抽出するために提供することができる。
Claims (16)
- 赤血球を全血から分離するための血液分離器であって、ハウジング内でおよそ鉛直軸周りに回転するように構成される膜を含み、前記ハウジングは操作位置において上端領域と下端領域とを含み、前記ハウジングの上端領域に赤血球出口を有し、前記ハウジングの下端領域に全血入口を有する分離器と、
前記血液分離器を添加剤溶液でプライミングするために前記全血入口と連通する添加剤溶液の第1の容器と、
白血球低減フィルタを赤血球出口に接続する赤血球流路と、
前記白血球低減フィルタを通過した後に赤血球を収集するために前記白血球低減フィルタに接続される第2の容器とを備え、
前記添加剤溶液の第1の容器は前記白血球低減フィルタの上流において前記赤血球流路と連通しており、添加剤溶液は前記赤血球流路から直接前記白血球低減フィルタを通過する前に前記赤血球流路に加えられて前記赤血球流路において赤血球と混合される、
白血球を低減した赤血球を収集するための流体処理回路。 - さらに、添加剤溶液を添加剤溶液の第1の容器から全血入口に圧送するための第1のポンプを含む、請求項1に記載の流体処理回路。
- さらに、赤血球を前記赤血球出口から前記白血球低減フィルタを通るように圧送する第2のポンプと、
添加剤溶液を前記添加剤溶液の第1の容器から前記赤血球流路に圧送する第3のポンプとを含む、請求項2に記載の流体処理回路。 - さらに、赤血球を前記赤血球出口から前記白血球低減フィルタを通るように圧送するポンプを含む、請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の流体処理回路。
- さらに、添加剤溶液を前記添加剤溶液の第1の容器から前記赤血球流路に圧送するポンプを含む、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の流体処理回路。
- 添加剤溶液を圧送する前記ポンプは、添加剤溶液を一定の流速で圧送するためのポンプである、請求項5に記載の流体処理回路。
- 添加剤溶液を圧送する前記ポンプは、添加剤溶液の流速を変化させることが可能な可変ポンプである、請求項5に記載の流体処理回路。
- 前記分離器は血漿出口を前記分離器の前記上端領域に含む、請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の流体処理回路。
- 前記添加剤溶液は血球保存液を含む、請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の流体処理回路。
- 前記添加剤溶液は保存溶液を含む、請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の流体処理回路。
- 全体的にハウジング内でほぼ鉛直軸周りに回転するように構成された膜を含む回転子膜分離器を使用して白血球が低減された赤血球を収集する方法であって、ハウジングは操作位置において上端領域と下端領域とを含み、分離器は赤血球出口を前記ハウジングの上端領域に含み、全血入口を前記ハウジングの下端領域に含み、
前記分離器のプライミングのために添加剤溶液を第1の容器から前記ハウジングの前記全血入口に流し、
全血を前記ハウジングの全血入口に流し、
全血から赤血球を分離し、
分離された赤血球を前記ハウジングの前記赤血球出口から赤血球流路を通して流し出し、
前記分離された赤血球を前記第1の容器からの添加剤溶液と前記赤血球流路において配合し、
前記分離された赤血球と添加剤溶液の配合を前記赤血球流路から直接白血球低減フィルタに通過させ、
ろ過された赤血球と添加剤溶液を第2の容器に収集する、方法。 - 前記添加剤溶液は、血球保存液を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記添加剤溶液は、保存溶液を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記全血入口への添加剤溶液の流通は、添加剤溶液を前記入口にポンプで圧送することを含む、請求項11から請求項13までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 赤血球と添加剤溶液を配合することは、添加剤溶液を前記赤血球流路にポンプで圧送することを含む、請求項11から請求項14までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 分離された赤血球と添加剤溶液の配合は前記白血球低減フィルタを通過するようにポンプで圧送される、請求項11から請求項15までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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