JP2017532395A - 芳香族化合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
芳香族化合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017532395A JP2017532395A JP2017509642A JP2017509642A JP2017532395A JP 2017532395 A JP2017532395 A JP 2017532395A JP 2017509642 A JP2017509642 A JP 2017509642A JP 2017509642 A JP2017509642 A JP 2017509642A JP 2017532395 A JP2017532395 A JP 2017532395A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- black liquor
- zsm
- conversion
- pyrolysis
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005611 kraft lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VIDOPANCAUPXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1CC VIDOPANCAUPXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008037 PVC plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical class COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
- D21C11/125—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/89—Silicates, aluminosilicates or borosilicates of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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Abstract
Description
従って本発明は、木材チップのアルカリ処理から得られる黒液を供給する工程;黒液を熱分解処理に付して、炭化物と塩類とを含む固体物と熱分解黒液ガスを第1の反応器中に生成させる工程、このとき黒液の処理により塩類が実質的にもたらされる;熱分解黒液ガスの少なくとも一部と触媒を、転化処理を行うための、第1の反応器とは異なる第2の反応器中で接触させて転化生成物を生成させる工程;および転化生成物から低分子量芳香族化合物を回収する工程;を含む、黒液から低分子量芳香族化合物を製造する方法を提供する。
熱分解黒液ガスは、合成ガス(すなわちCO、CO2、H2)、オレフィン性不飽和を有する炭化水素、および酸素を含有する有機芳香族化合物(たとえば、フェノール類やメトキシフェノール類)、ならびに少量のケトン、アルコール、およびフラン化合物のようなエーテル(これらの化合物は、黒液中に存在する(ヘミ)セルロースフラクションから生じると思われる)、ということが見出された。前述したように、熱分解黒液ガス中のこれらの化合物と他の化合物を低分子量芳香族化合物に転化させることができる、ということを本発明者らは見出した。熱分解処理の後に、熱分解黒液ガスと触媒とを第2の反応器中で接触させて転化処理を行って、転化生成物を生成させる。熱分解黒液ガスと触媒との接触は、熱分解反応器と(たとえばパイプを介して)連結している反応器にて行うことができる。熱分解黒液ガスは、熱分解工程の直後に(必要に応じて分離した後に、そして貯蔵及び/又は冷却することなく)触媒と接触させるのが好ましい。これにより、貯蔵時または冷却時や再加熱時に、熱分解黒液ガス中で二次反応が起こるのを防げる。
当業者は、流動床装置における触媒再生の仕方を熟知している。触媒再生は、触媒に金属を含浸させるとより効果的である。
触媒転化処理後に、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、及び/又はナフタレン等の低分子量芳香族化合物を含む転化生成物が形成される。さらに、H-ZSM-5等のゼオライト触媒が使用されると、低分子量芳香族化合物は、主として酸素非含有の芳香族化合物を含む。転化生成物は、フェノール類、および酸素原子を含む他の芳香族化合物を実質的に含有しない。
ユーカリ材を主たる供給物として使用して標準的なクラフトプロセスにより黒液を得、これを凍結乾燥した(BLFD)。最初にBLFDを熱分解し、引き続き、熱分解ユニットとグレードアップユニット(これらは互いに連結されている)を含むグラムスケール反応器装置を使用してグレードアップした。不活性雰囲気を保持するために、N2ガスの7分/ml定速ストリームをガス流として使用した。熱分解ユニットに約1.5〜2.0gのBLFDを充填し、グレードアップユニットに約10gのH-ZSM-5触媒を充填した。グラムスケール反応器装置を流動砂床(T=510℃)中に、グレードアップユニットが流動床中に最初に置かれるような仕方で配置した。これによりグレードアップユニットが510℃になり、次いでBLFDを含む熱分解ユニットを、熱分解が510℃の温度で始まるように流動床中に配置した。熱分解には約1.5〜15分かかる。熱分解反応は、生成するガスによりガス流の増大を引き起こす。熱分解は、ガス流が再び最初のN2ガス流とほぼ同じ流量となる瞬間にて完了する。得られた熱分解黒液ガスを、引き続きグレードアップユニットにて触媒処理により転化させた。引き続き、転化された熱分解黒液ガスを、冷却ユニットにて−15℃の温度にすることによって凝縮させた。次いで冷却ユニットを、少量の石油エーテル(PET-ether)で洗浄した。凝縮液の相分離により、有機層から水層が分離した。水層の量は、BLFDの重量を基準として20.1重量%であった。有機相中に残留する凝縮した転化熱分解黒液の量は、BLFDの重量を基準として20.2重量%であった。
図1に示すように、GC−MS分析から、黒液は、ベンゼン、トルエン、およびキシレン等の低分子量芳香族化合物に転化させることができる、ということがわかる。
ユーカリ材を主たる供給物として使用して標準的なクラフトプロセスにより黒液を得た。黒液の熱分解実験は、連続的に作動するミニプラントにて、オーガー反応器技術を使用して行った。不活性雰囲気下(125ml/分のN2流)にて黒液(218ml、390g、全固形分71.7%)を熱分解反応器に供給し、500℃の温度で砂と激しく混合した。引き続き熱分解黒液蒸気を、連続的なN2ストリームの下で、予熱された固定床触媒混合物(280gのH-ZSM-5(23))とT=550℃にて接触させてさらなる転化を施した。得られた転化生成物をT=−15℃にて凝縮させ、引き続き冷却トラップ(液体窒素、T=−196℃)を使用して冷却した。凝縮液を全て採集するために、全ての凝縮液ユニットを有機溶媒(石油エーテル)で洗浄した。有機層を水層から分離し、ロータリーエバポレーションにより濃縮した。
幾つかのバイオマス源を処理した。クラフトノーザン/サザン硬材から得られる黒液は、硬材チップのクラフト処理を使用して造られる黒液である。ソーダサザン硬材から得られる黒液は、硬材チップの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液処理を使用して造られる黒液である。雑種ポプラは、硬材雑種ポプラからもたらされる木材チップである。松材は、松の木からもたらされる木材チップである。クラフトリグニンは、クラフト処理によって造られる黒液から得られるリグニンである。
Claims (17)
- 木材チップのアルカリ処理から得られる黒液を供給する工程;
黒液を熱分解処理に付して、炭化物と塩類を含む固体物と熱分解黒液ガスとを第1の反応器において生成させる工程、このとき塩類は実質的に黒液の処理から得られる;
熱分解黒液ガスの少なくとも一部と触媒とを、第1の反応器とは異なる第2の反応器において接触させて転化処理を施して転化生成物を生成させる工程;および
転化生成物から低分子量芳香族化合物を回収する工程;
を含む、黒液から低分子量芳香族化合物を製造する方法。 - 熱分解処理を、触媒を加えることなく行う、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 木材チップが硬材から得られる、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 黒液の熱分解処理を、350℃〜700℃の温度および0.1〜6バールの圧力にて行う、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 固体物の少なくとも一部を採集し、実質的に高い温度に加熱して、固体物中の塩を回収する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 転化処理が、複雑な芳香族化合物の低分子量芳香族化合物への転化、酸素含有芳香族化合物と酸素含有脂肪族化合物の、酸素原子を含有しない低分子量芳香族化合物の転化、及び/又はオレフィン等の炭化水素の低分子量芳香族化合物の転化を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 転化処理を、200℃〜1000℃の温度で、好ましくは350℃〜650℃の温度で行う、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 転化処理において、触媒が、5:1〜1:20の範囲の、さらに好ましくは1:1〜1:5の範囲の熱分解黒液ガス対触媒重量比にて存在する、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 触媒が、アルミノケイ酸塩、SAPO、シリカライト、及び/又はこれらの組み合わせから適切に選ばれるゼオライト触媒である、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 触媒が酸性であるか、及び/又は、アンモニウム塩によるイオン交換とその後の焼成によって触媒を酸性にするのが好ましい、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 触媒が、5〜300の、好ましくは10〜150の、さらに好ましくは20〜90のシリカ/アルミナ比を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 触媒が、4.5〜12Åの範囲の、好ましくは5〜7Åの範囲の最大内細孔径を有する、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 触媒が、ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-35、ZSM-23、フェリエライト、ゼオライトβ、ゼオライトY、ゼオライトX、モルデナイト、ゼオライトA、IM-5、SSZ-20、SSZ-55、MCM-22、TNU-9、NU-87、ZSM-57、ZSM-48、EU-1、SSZ-35、SSZ-44、超安定Y(US-Y)、SBA-15、AL-SBA15、ZSM-18、LZ-135、ZSM-10、MCM-68、SSZ-57、ECR-1、ITQ-25、COK-14、MOR、ZSM-12、SSZ-48、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選ばれ、好ましくはZSM-5である、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 触媒をバインダーによって結合させて結合触媒を形成させ、このときバインダーが、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカアルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、カオリン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれる、請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 結合触媒中のバインダーの量が、結合触媒の重量を基準として0〜80重量%の、好ましくは40〜70重量%の範囲である、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 転化処理を固定床、移動床、または流動床で行う、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 芳香族化合物の回収が、転化生成物を分留処理に付すことによって行われ、これにより低分子量芳香族化合物を多量に含むフラクションを得る、請求項1〜16のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
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JP2015030794A (ja) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-16 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 炭化水素の製造方法 |
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