JP2017532332A - 炎症性疾患の治療に使用するための乳酸トランスポーターの阻害剤 - Google Patents
炎症性疾患の治療に使用するための乳酸トランスポーターの阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
T細胞運動性が乳酸塩によって影響を受けるかどうかを評価するために、試験を行った。それにより抗CD3および抗CD28抗体およびインターロイキン2(IL-2)で5日間活性化されたT細胞によるケモキネシスが、10mMの乳酸または乳酸ナトリウムの存在下で炎症促進性ケモカインCXCL10により誘発され、本発明者らによりRA患者の滑液中の乳酸濃度が測定され(図1A)、多くの炎症部位に見出された。CD4+ T細胞ケモキネシスは乳酸ナトリウムによって阻害されたが、一方CD8+ T細胞のそれは乳酸によって阻害されたが、その逆はなかった(図1B、C)。
本発明者らは次に、それぞれ乳酸ナトリウムまたは乳酸に対するCD4+およびCD8+T細胞の異なる、かつ相互に排他的な応答性の分子的基礎を調べた。Fischerらは、乳酸取り込みを促進するモノカルボキシレートトランスポーターSlc16a1(Mct1としても知られる)のヒト細胞傷害性リンパ球による発現を記載している。Slc5a12はこれまでに記載されている唯一の乳酸ナトリウムトランスポーターである。本発明者らは、マウスCD8+およびCD4+T細胞が、それぞれSlc16a1およびSlc5a12を選択的に発現することを見出した(図3A)が、各T細胞サブセットについての各トランスポーターの特異的な機能的役割を示唆している。本発明者らは、続いて、異なって発現した乳酸トランスポーターがT細胞ケモキネシス阻害において機能的であることを確認しようとした。
乳酸トランスポーター特異性(図3A)およびトランスポーター阻害時の乳酸に対するT細胞非感受性(図3B〜Dおよび4B、C)は、乳酸塩の効果は、おそらく細胞代謝機構を妨害し、特にケモカイン受容体誘発の下流で関与して解糖経路を妨害する細胞内シグナル伝達によって媒介されることを示唆している。本発明者らは、抗CD3および抗CD28抗体およびインターロイキン-2(IL-2)で3日間活性化したCD4+およびCD8+T細胞における解糖の誘導に対するCXCL10処置の効果を調べることから始めた。本発明者らは、ヘキソキナーゼ1(Hk1)およびピルビン酸キナーゼ(Pk)M2が、タンパク質レベルでCXCL10とのCXCR3の会合直後およびmRNAレベルで6時間後にCD4+T細胞において増加したことを見出したが、CXCR3誘発の解糖経路下流の調節の複数レベルの存在を示唆していて、翻訳後および転写の両方である(図5A、B)。さらに、CXCL10へのCD4+T細胞の曝露は、酵素エノラーゼ1およびアルドラーゼAのタンパク質発現の増加(図5A)およびグルコーストランスポーターの遺伝子発現の増加(図5B)をもたらした。注目すべきことに、乳酸ナトリウムは、解糖酵素のCXCL10誘導の増加を阻害した(図5A)。対照的に、CD8+T細胞は、CXCL10への曝露に際して解糖系遺伝子/タンパク質の発現に大きな変化を起こさなかった(図6A、B)。解糖は、CXCR3誘発時にCD4+T細胞において選択的に活性化されるので、本発明者らは次いで、Seahorse分析装置を使用してリアルタイムでCD4+T細胞の細胞培養液における細胞外酸性化速度(ECAR)を測定することにより、基本条件下でのCD4+T細胞の解糖エネルギー代謝について乳酸ナトリウムの効果を試験した。
解糖の減少および乳酸ナトリウム曝露時の遊走に対する阻害効果−解糖の直接および間接の阻害剤である乳酸塩−は、解糖がCD4+T細胞遊走に必要であることを示唆している。この仮説を試験するために、本発明者らは活性化CD4+T細胞を解糖の阻害剤または活性化剤で処理し、CXCL10に対するそれらのケモキネシス応答を評価した。グルコースアナログ、2-デオキシグルコース(2-DG)、またはmTOR阻害剤、ラパマイシン(図6D)による解糖の直接的または間接的阻害は、インビトロおよび腹膜へのT細胞動員の確立したインビボモデルにおいてケモキネシスの低下を引き起こした(Jarmin et al 2008 J Clin Invest 1 18:1154-1164)(図5F、Gおよび6E)。逆に、電子伝達鎖複合体I阻害剤、メトホルミン(図6D)を用いた解糖の活性化は、インビトロおよびインビボの両方でCXCL10に対するケモキネシスを増加させた(図5F、Gおよび6E)。解糖測定の特殊性を説明すると、脂肪酸酸化の阻害剤であるエトモキシールは、解糖に対してわずかな効果を有するのみであった(図6D)。
乳酸ナトリウムがCD4+T細胞エフェクター機能に影響を与えるかどうかを調べるため、本発明者らは、適切なサイトカイン「環境」中のTh1、Th2およびTh17サブセットに対するCD4+T細胞の分極を誘導した。分化型Thサブセットによるサイトカイン発現の期待したパターンは、mRNAレベルで確認された(図9)。本発明者らは、次いで同じ分極条件下で異なるThサブセットによるサイトカインの放出に対する乳酸ナトリウムの存在の効果を試験した。遺伝子発現解析は、乳酸ナトリウムでの処理が全てのThサブセットにおいてIL-17の有意な増加を引き起こしたことを示した(図10A)。
本発明者らは、ヒトにおいて、関節炎の非炎症型(例、変形性関節症[OA]、図1A)と比較して、RA(関節炎の炎症型)の滑液が乳酸塩レベルの上昇を示すことを示した。リウマチの滑膜環境は、捕捉、IL-17分泌および抗原応答性の喪失を含めて、T細胞における乳酸塩誘発性変化のすべてのパラダイムである。それ故、本発明者らはRAに罹患している16人の患者の滑膜組織内のSlc5a12およびSlc16a1の発現および細胞局在を調べた(表1、人口統計データ)。
最後に、本発明者らは、グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(G6PI)誘導関節炎の確立したマウスモデルを利用して(Schubert et al 2004 J Immunol 172:4503-4509)、乳酸ナトリウムトランスポーターSlc5a12のブロッキングがRA治療のための革新的な作用機序を示すという原理を証明した。具体的には、市販されている特異的ポリクローナル抗体でのSlc5a12の阻害が、G6PI誘導マウスモデルにおける臨床スコアおよび足腫脹(図14A、B)を改善することを示した。注目すべきことに、抗Slc5a12抗体の効果は、標準的な抗TNF療法に十分匹敵する(図14A)。
特に言及しない限り、全ての化学物質および試薬はSigma-Aldrich&Co(UK)から購入した。
T細胞単離、インビトロ活性化およびサブセット濃縮:T細胞をC57BL/6マウスリンパ節から単離し、プレート結合抗CD3および抗CD28抗体(BioLegend)、およびIL-2(PeproTech)で3〜5日間活性化した。CD4+およびCD8+サブセットは、実験的設定に従って活性化の前または後のいずれかに製造者の指示書(Easysep、Invitrogen)に従って市販のCD4+およびCD8+T細胞単離キットで濃縮した。ケモキネシスアッセイ:ケモキネシスアッセイは5μmのトランスウェルインレーで行った。いくつかの実験では、T細胞はCalbiochemから購入した多数の薬物:ラパマイシン(200nM)、2-DG(1mM)、メトホルミン(2mM)で一晩前処理した。たいていの実験では、アッセイの1時間前に、細胞は乳酸(10mM)または乳酸ナトリウム(10mM)と、単独またはフロレチン(25μM)、CHC(425μM)と組み合わせてインキュベートし、AR-C155858、Slc5a12特異的抗体(2.5μg/ml)またはSlc16a1特異的抗体(2.5μg/ml)の濃度を増加させた。3×10 5個のリンパ球を上部トランスウェルチャンバーに播種した;ケモカインを下部チャンバーに加えた:CXCL10(300ng/ml)、CCL5(50ng/ml)、CCL19/21(各ケモカインの200ng/ml)。遊走したT細胞を播種の2、4および6時間後に血球計数器で計数し、遊走した細胞の%を計算した。
Claims (20)
- Slc5a12阻害剤の治療有効量を患者に投与することを含む、患者における炎症性疾患を治療する方法。
- Slc16a1阻害剤の治療有効量を患者に投与することを含む、患者における炎症性疾患を治療する方法。
- 治療有効量のSlc5a12阻害剤を治療有効量のSlc16a1阻害剤と組み合わせて患者に投与することを含む、患者における炎症性疾患を治療する方法。
- 阻害剤がSlc5a12またはSlc16a1の特異的阻害剤である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 該阻害剤が抗体である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 該抗体が二重特異性抗体である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 炎症性疾患が炎症部位での乳酸塩レベルの上昇と関連している、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 炎症性疾患が関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、癌、炎症性腸疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症および乾癬から成る群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- Slc5a12またはSlc16a1の阻害剤を含有する、医薬組成物。
- Slc5a12の阻害剤およびSlc16a1の阻害剤を含有する、医薬組成物。
- Slc5a12の阻害剤がSlc5a12の特異的阻害剤であり、Slc16a1の阻害剤がSlc16a1の特異的阻害剤である、請求項9または10に記載の医薬組成物。
- 炎症性疾患の治療に使用するための、請求項9〜11のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 疾患が関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、癌、炎症性腸疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症および乾癬から成る群から選択される、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 炎症性疾患の治療に用いるためのSlc5a12の特異的阻害剤。
- 炎症性疾患の治療に用いるためのSlc16a1の特異的阻害剤。
- 炎症性疾患の治療に使用するためのSlc16a1の特異的阻害剤と組み合わせたSlc5a12の特異的阻害剤。
- 炎症性疾患が関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、癌、炎症性腸疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症および乾癬から成る群から選択される、請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の使用のための特異的阻害剤。
- Slc5a12および/またはSlc16a1の特異的阻害剤または請求項9〜11のいずれか1項の医薬組成物を含むキット。
- 炎症性疾患の治療に使用するための、請求項18に記載のキット。
- 該疾患が関節リウマチ、変形性関節症、癌、炎症性腸疾患、アテローム性動脈硬化症および乾癬から成る群から選択される、請求項19に記載のキット。
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ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 71, JPN6019030113, June 2014 (2014-06-01), pages 301 - 335, ISSN: 0004284837 * |
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA, vol. 1768, JPN6019030111, 2007, pages 2690 - 2697, ISSN: 0004284835 * |
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