JP2017529175A - バースト刺激を用いた神経変調 - Google Patents
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- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
- A61N1/36128—Control systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
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- A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61N1/02—Details
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年9月23日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/054,092号の「35 U.S.C.§119(e)」の下での優先権の利益を主張し、引用によってその全体を本明細書に組込む。
脊髄の領域内の神経組織は、異なる特性を有する。例えば、後柱(DC)線維(主に有髄軸索)は軸線方向に延び、後角(DH)線維(例えば、ニューロン細胞終端、ニューロン細胞体、樹状突起、及び軸索)は多方向に配向されている。典型的に配置される硬膜外脊髄刺激(SCS)リードから後角(DH)線維までの距離は、かかる硬膜外脊髄刺激(SCS)リードから後柱(DC)線維までの距離と異なる。更に、後角(DH)線維と後柱線維は、電気変調に対して異なる応答(例えば、活性化関数)を有する。後柱(DC)線維及び後柱(DC)ニューロンの変調(すなわち、脱分極又は過分極)の強度は、脊柱の長手方向後柱軸線に沿う電圧の2次空間微分(∂2V/∂x2)に比例するいわゆる「活性化関数」によって表される。この理由は、部分的には、後柱(DC)内の大きい有髄軸索が主に脊柱の長手方向に沿って整列しているからである。一方、後角(DH)線維及び後角ニューロン内に活動電位を発生させる可能性は、脊柱に沿う電圧の1次空間微分(∂V/∂x)に比例する活性化関数によって表され、これは、電場として既知である。かくして、後角(DH)活性化関数は、線維軸線に沿う電圧の1次微分に比例し、後柱(DC)活性化関数は、線維軸線に沿う電圧の2次微分に比例する。従って、電場中心からの距離は、後柱活性化関数(∂2V/∂x2)に及ぼす影響より小さい影響しか後角(DH)活性化関数(∂V/∂x)に及ぼさない。後柱(DC)に沿う神経変調リードによって発生させた電場の長手方向勾配を最小にすることによって、後角(DH)内のニューロン要素(例えば、ニューロン、樹状突起、軸索、細胞体、及びニューロン細胞終端)は、後柱(DC)ニューロン細胞要素よりも優先的に刺激され、それにより、感覚異常の感覚を生成することのなしに、疼痛緩和の形態で治療を行うことができる。この技術は、後角(DH)線維と後柱(DC)線維が電気変調に対して異なる応答(活性化関数)を有するという自然現象に少なくとも部分的に依存する。
知覚以下変調は、変調を送出するのに使用するための電極を選択して絞り込むための幾つかの課題をもたらすことがある。例えば、在来の脊髄刺激(SCS)は、後柱(DC)を変調させ且つ感覚異常を生じさせるために、ターゲットが定められた小さい刺激を単に提供することを試みる。在来の脊髄刺激(SCS)のための変調は、疼痛領域にわたって感覚異常のマップを形成するように調節されることがある。しかしながら、患者は、知覚以下変調のための変調エネルギの送出を知覚しない。
知覚以下変調は、患者が変調エネルギの送出を知覚しないので、変調治療を較正することについて幾つかの課題がある可能性がある。較正は、2015年9月23日に出願された特許文献1に解説されているもの等のセンサを含むのがよい。センサの例は、定量的感覚検査(QST)、脳波図(EEG)、脳皮質電図(ECoG)、拡散光撮像、機能的磁気共鳴映像法(fMRI)、軸索内の局所電場電位(LFPs)、及び軸索内の誘起複合活動電位(eCAPs)を含む。
Claims (15)
- システムであって、
後角組織又は神経根組織を含む神経組織を変調させるときに使用されるように作動的に位置決めされるように構成された少なくとも1つのリード上の複数の電極と、
変調場を発生させるように少なくとも幾つかの電極を使用するように構成され、且つ、後角組織内の変調場の均一性を促進させるようにプログラミングされた変調パラメータセットを使用するように構成された神経変調発生器と、
少なくとも2つのパルスのパルス列において変調場を発生させるように前記神経変調発生器を制御するように構成されたコントローラと、を含むシステム。 - 前記神経変調発生器は、神経組織内の前記刺激場の均一性を促進させるために、少なくとも幾つかの電極間の電流を分割するように前記変調パラメータセットを用いるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記神経変調発生器は、後角組織内における1又は2以上の向きにおける電場の均一性を促進させるように、前記変調パラメータセットを用いてほぼ一定の電場を後角組織内に発生させるように構成される、請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。
- 前記神経変調発生器は、脊髄に沿う長手方向にほぼ一定の電場を発生させるように前記変調パラメータセットを用いるように構成される、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記神経変調発生器は、後角組織内の電場の大きさの均一性を促進させるために、ほぼ等しい大きさを有する電場を後角組織内に発生させるように前記刺激パラメータセットを用いるように構成される、請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス列の各々は、1秒よりも短い持続時間を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス列の各々の持続時間は、100msよりも短い、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス列の各々の持続時間は、2msよりも長く且つ50msよりも短い、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス列の各々のパルスの合計は、10パルスよりも少ない、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス列の各々のパルスの合計は、3パルス〜5パルスの範囲内である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス列の各々は、2ms〜5msの範囲内のパルス間持続時間を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 連続するパルス列とパルス列の間の時間が、前記パルス列の各々の持続時間よりも長い、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのリード上の複数の電極は、後角組織の近くに作動可能に埋込まれるように構成された少なくとも2つのリード上の複数の電極を含み、各リードは、1よりも多い電極を含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも2つのリード上の電極は、電極セグメントを含み、前記電極セグメントの各々は、前記リードのうちの1つを部分的にのみ包囲する、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのリード上の電極は、リードパドル上の電極を含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
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US201462054092P | 2014-09-23 | 2014-09-23 | |
US62/054,092 | 2014-09-23 | ||
PCT/US2015/051360 WO2016048965A1 (en) | 2014-09-23 | 2015-09-22 | Neuromodulation with burst stimulation |
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JP2017529175A true JP2017529175A (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
JP6580678B2 JP6580678B2 (ja) | 2019-09-25 |
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US (2) | US9764141B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3197549B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6580678B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106714899B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2015321573B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016048965A1 (ja) |
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