JP6820371B2 - 患者入力に応答する知覚以下変調 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2014年9月23日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/054,116号の「35 U.S.C.§119(e)」の下での優先権の利益を主張し、引用によってその全体を本明細書に組込む。
脊髄の領域内の神経組織は、異なる特性を有する。例えば、後柱(DC)線維(主に有髄軸索)は軸線方向に延び、後角(DH)線維(例えば、ニューロン細胞終端、ニューロン細胞体、樹状突起、及び軸索)は多方向に配向されている。典型的に配置される硬膜外脊髄刺激(SCS)リードから後角(DH)線維までの距離は、かかる硬膜外脊髄刺激(SCS)リードから後柱(DC)線維までの距離と異なる。更に、後角(DH)線維と後柱線維は、電気変調に対して異なる応答(例えば、活性化関数)を有する。後柱(DC)線維及び後柱(DC)ニューロンの変調(すなわち、脱分極又は過分極)の強度は、脊柱の長手方向後柱軸線に沿う電圧の2次空間微分(∂2V/∂x2)に比例するいわゆる「活性化関数」によって表される。この理由は、部分的には、後柱(DC)内の大きい有髄軸索が主に脊柱の長手方向に沿って整列しているからである。一方、後角(DH)線維及び後角ニューロン内に活動電位を発生させる可能性は、脊柱に沿う電圧の1次空間微分(∂V/∂x)に比例する活性化関数によって表され、これは、電場として既知である。かくして、後角(DH)活性化関数は、線維軸線に沿う電圧の1次微分に比例し、後柱(DC)活性化関数は、線維軸線に沿う電圧の2次微分に比例する。従って、電場中心からの距離は、後柱活性化関数(∂2V/∂x2)に及ぼす影響より小さい影響しか後角(DH)活性化関数(∂V/∂x)に及ぼさない。後柱(DC)に沿う神経変調リードによって発生させた電場の長手方向勾配を最小にすることによって、後角(DH)内のニューロン要素(例えば、ニューロン、樹状突起、軸索、細胞体、及びニューロン細胞終端)は、後柱(DC)ニューロン細胞要素よりも優先的に刺激され、それにより、感覚異常の感覚を生成することのなしに、疼痛緩和の形態で治療を行うことができる。この技術は、後角(DH)線維と後柱(DC)線維が電気変調に対して異なる応答(活性化関数)を有するという自然現象に少なくとも部分的に依存する。
知覚以下変調は、変調を送出するのに使用するための電極を選択して絞り込むための幾つかの課題をもたらすことがある。例えば、在来の脊髄刺激(SCS)は、後柱(DC)を変調させ且つ感覚異常を生じさせるために、ターゲットが定められた小さい刺激を単に提供することを試みる。在来の脊髄刺激(SCS)のための変調は、疼痛領域にわたって感覚異常のマップを形成するように調節されることがある。しかしながら、患者は、知覚以下変調のための変調エネルギの送出を知覚しない。
知覚以下変調は、患者が変調エネルギの送出を知覚しないので、変調治療を較正することについて幾つかの課題がある可能性がある。較正は、2015年9月23日に出願された特許文献1に解説されているもの等のセンサを含むのがよい。センサの例は、定量的感覚検査(QST)、脳波図(EEG)、脳皮質電図(ECoG)、拡散光撮像、機能的磁気共鳴映像法(fMRI)、軸索内の局所電場電位(LFPs)、及び軸索内の誘起複合活動電位(eCAPs)を含む。
Claims (15)
- 神経組織を変調させる際の使用のために作動可能に位置決めされるように構成された少なくとも1つのリード上の複数の電極と共に使用されるシステムであって、
埋込み可能なデバイスを有し、
前記埋込み可能なデバイスは、ユーザによって提供される健康の質のフィードバック又はセンサベースの健康の質のフィードバックに基づく患者の健康の質を指示する入力信号を受信し、
前記埋込み可能なデバイスは、知覚以下神経変調を神経組織に送出する変調場を発生させるために、前記複数の電極のうちの活性電極を使用するように構成された神経変調デバイスを含み、知覚以下神経変調は、患者知覚閾値よりも低い強度を有し、患者知覚閾値は、それよりも低い変調場の発生を患者が感知しない境界であり、
前記埋込み可能なデバイスは、更に、コントローラを含み、
前記コントローラは、前記神経変調デバイスを制御して、知覚以下神経変調を送出させる変調場を発生させるように構成され、患者の健康の質を指示する前記入力信号に基づいて知覚以下神経変調を較正する較正プロセスを自動的に開始させるように構成される、システム。 - 患者の健康の質を指示する前記入力信号は、低下している患者の健康の指示を含み、
前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正、又は、ユーザ入力による前記入力信号を使用して患者知覚神経変調を決定し且つ決定された患者知覚神経変調に基づいて知覚以下神経変調を較正することを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記較正プロセスは、患者知覚神経変調を決定することを含む、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、活動センサに基づいて、低下している患者の健康を識別する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、姿勢センサに基づいて、低下している患者の健康を識別する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、定量的感覚検査を使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、脳波図(EEG)を使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、脳皮質電図(ECoG)を使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、拡散光撮像を使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、機能的磁気共鳴映像法を使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、局所電場電位センサを使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚以下神経変調のセンサベースの較正を含み、前記センサベースの較正は、誘起複合活動電位(eCAPs)センサを使用する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、知覚された神経変調を指示するユーザ入力を使用して、知覚された神経変調を決定し、知覚された神経変調に基づいて、知覚以下神経変調を較正するプロセスを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記較正プロセスは、神経変調場をターゲット組織の容積の中で移動させることと、神経変調場をターゲット組織の容積の中で移動させているとき、神経変調を調整するためのユーザ入力を受信して、知覚される神経変調を実質的に一定に保つことと、を含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記神経変調装置は、知覚以下神経変調を、後角組織、後根組織、又は後柱組織のうち少なくとも1つに送出するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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US201462054116P | 2014-09-23 | 2014-09-23 | |
US62/054,116 | 2014-09-23 |
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