JP2017522543A - ガンマ線イメージング - Google Patents
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- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
- G21K5/10—Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2921—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras
- G01T1/295—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras using coded aperture devices, e.g. Fresnel zone plates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
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- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
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- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
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Abstract
Description
図1及び図2に示すように、単一のガンマ線検出器10は、検出器10を取り囲み又は閉じ込めるマスク11の中心に配置されている。検出器は、1又は複数のマスクの中央に位置し、望ましくは、マスク11の中心軸又は回転軸にある。ここでは、円筒状又は球状マスク11を使用してもよい。非中心の検出器位置を用いてもよいが、この場合、視野が僅かに異なる。更に複数の検出器12、13を使用してもよく、これらの更なる検出器は、異なる位置に設けてもよい。複数の検出器を使用することによって、イメージング時間を短縮することができる。
マスクパターン開口又はアパーチャは、好ましくは、行及び列によって構成される。マスクパターン開口18の位置は、例えば、ランダムに形成してもよい。例えば、16×16の可能なアパーチャマスクは、合計256個の番号付きアパーチャを有する。この場合、乱数発生器を用いて、1から256の間の128個のアパーチャ番号をランダムに選択する。そして、これらの128個の番号のアパーチャを開アパーチャとして設定する。(元の256個の番号からの)残りの128個の位置は、ゼロ(閉アパーチャ)として設定する。これによって、50%開いているマスクパターンが実現する。マスクコラムが断続回転又は回転する回転マスクでは、開/閉アパーチャのランダムな選択は、マスク全体ではなく、行毎に行ってもよい。これによって、各マスク行が(例えば)50%開いていることを確実にでき、行の開アパーチャの数が多すぎたり少なすぎたりして画像再構成に影響が生じる状況を防止できる。
マスク設計は、対象となる放射線イメージング用途の要求によって決定される。システムの幾何学的構成は、例えば、空間分解能、FOV及び感度等のシステム効率に影響する。重要な幾何学的パラメータは、検出器寸法、検出器からマスクまでの距離、アパーチャ寸法(すなわち、厚さ、長さ及び幅)、マスクから光源までの距離、隔壁の厚さ、マスクアパーチャの数及び検出器の中心と2つの近接するマスクアパーチャによって画定される弧の角度等を含む。例えば、マスクアパーチャが小さい程、空間分解能が高くなる。
多くの再構成アルゴリズムが圧縮センシングのために使用されている。例えば、勾配投影法(gradient projection methods)、繰返し縮小/閾値法(iterative shrinkage/thresholding methods)及びマッチング追跡法(matching pursuit methods)等がある。これらについては、「R. M. Willett, R. F. Marcia and J. M. Nichols, Compressed Sensing for Practical Optical Imaging Systems: a Tutorial, Optical Engineering vol. 50(7), July 2011」に説明されている。これらの手法又は他の幾つかの適切な手法の何れも圧縮センシング測定の再構成に使用できる。ANSTO圧縮センシングのインプリメンテーションは、スパース再構成のための勾配投影(Gradient Projection for Sparse Reconstruction:GPSR)アルゴリズムを使用している。これについては、「Gradient Projection for Sparse Reconstruction: Application to Compressed Sensing and Other Inverse Problems, by M. A. Figueiredo, R. D. Nowak, S. J. Wright, Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, December 2007」に説明されている。
圧縮センシング測定の後に生成されるガンマ線画像は、同じ視野に揃えられた光画像に重ねてもよい。また、中性子画像を光画像に重ねてもよい。光画像に放射線画像を重ねることにより、ユーザのために放射線源の位置を視覚化することができる。放射線画像は、他の如何なる波長(例えば、赤外線)における画像と重ねてもよい。
図10に示すように、光源は、放射線80を出射する。この放射線80は、上述したように、1又は複数のマスク81を通過する。システムのコンピュータ22は、検出器10を動作させ、又は動作中の検出器82から読出値を受け取る。そして、検出器は、測定された値83をコンピュータ22に送信する。コンピュータは、値及び1又は複数のマスクの位置を保存し、これらを使用して、画像に再構成されるデータをコンパイルする。そして、コンピュータは、1又は複数のモータによって1又は複数のマスクを駆動し、次の測定位置に回転又は断続回転させる。プロセスが繰り返されると、放射線は、実質的に、新しいマスク又はマスク方向81を通過する。
Claims (10)
- 入射ガンマ放射線の感知に使用されるマスク装置において、
それぞれが前記入射ガンマ放射線の強度を変調する材料から形成されている本体を有する2つの入れ子状符号化マスクを備え、
各マスクは、ガンマ放射線を変調しない複数のマスクアパーチャ領域を有し、
少なくとも1つのマスクが、他のマスクに対して回転するマスク装置。 - 前記マスクは何れも円筒状である請求項1記載のマスク装置。
- 前記マスクは、それぞれ、ガンマ放射線シールドで覆われている上部及び底部を有する請求項2記載のマスク装置。
- 前記マスクは、何れも半球状である請求項1記載のマスク装置。
- 前記複数のマスクアパーチャ領域の合計数は、2の累乗に等しい請求項1乃至4何れか1項記載のマスク装置。
- 各マスクは、タングステン、鉛、金、タンタル、ハフニウム又はこれらの合金を含むグループから選択される材料から形成されている請求項1乃至5何れか1項記載のマスク装置。
- 各マスクは、入射ガンマ放射線及び中性子を変調する材料から形成されている請求項1乃至5何れか1項記載のマスク装置。
- 前記マスクアパーチャ領域は、中性子のための変調領域である請求項7記載のマスク装置。
- 各マスクは、他方に対して反対に回転する請求項1乃至8何れか1項記載のマスク装置。
- 前記マスクは、同心円状である請求項1乃至9何れか1項記載のマスク装置。
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JP2019235438A JP6974424B2 (ja) | 2014-05-22 | 2019-12-26 | ガンマ線イメージング |
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AU2014901905 | 2014-05-22 | ||
AU2014901905A AU2014901905A0 (en) | 2014-05-22 | Gamma-Ray Imaging | |
PCT/AU2015/000302 WO2015176115A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-22 | Gamma-ray imaging |
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JP2017522543A5 JP2017522543A5 (ja) | 2017-10-26 |
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US (3) | US10795036B2 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP3944260B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6654578B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102393273B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106663489B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2015263838B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2949558C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK3146527T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2897650T3 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUE057042T2 (ja) |
LT (1) | LT3146527T (ja) |
MX (1) | MX363049B (ja) |
PL (1) | PL3146527T3 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2706736C2 (ja) |
SG (2) | SG10201808726RA (ja) |
UA (1) | UA123038C2 (ja) |
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