JP2017517156A - フルスペクトル電磁エネルギーシステム - Google Patents
フルスペクトル電磁エネルギーシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017517156A JP2017517156A JP2016574459A JP2016574459A JP2017517156A JP 2017517156 A JP2017517156 A JP 2017517156A JP 2016574459 A JP2016574459 A JP 2016574459A JP 2016574459 A JP2016574459 A JP 2016574459A JP 2017517156 A JP2017517156 A JP 2017517156A
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- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MDPILPRLPQYEEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium arsenide Chemical compound [As]#[Al] MDPILPRLPQYEEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0725—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L31/02327—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements being integrated or being directly associated to the device, e.g. back reflectors
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- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
- H01L31/035209—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions comprising a quantum structures
- H01L31/035227—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions comprising a quantum structures the quantum structure being quantum wires, or nanorods
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/047—PV cell arrays including PV cells having multiple vertical junctions or multiple V-groove junctions formed in a semiconductor substrate
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0549—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising spectrum splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/50—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年5月22日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/022,122号、2014年7月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/024,305号に対する優先権およびその利益を主張するものであり、これらの米国仮特許出願の全体の内容は、参照により本明細書中に援用される。
これらの問題に対処するための従来的または歴史的試行はまた、技術水準と科学的知識を乗り越える改良出願の不足とを定義する際に、ある程度の価値を有する。
本発明は、例えば、以下を提供する。
(項目1)
改良された高効率電磁エネルギー捕捉システム(EM−CS)であって、前記システムは、組み合わせて、
上面層および下面層を備える材料の少なくとも1つの本体を備え、それによって、前記上面層は、前記材料への電磁放射(EMR)を受信し、
前記上面層および下面層は、内部EMRを前記材料に戻すように反射し、
前記材料は、実質的に、前記上面層と前記下面層との間の空間の3次元に及び、それによって、前記内部EMRは、前記3次元内の材料と相互作用し、
前記材料は、複数のバンドギャップによって画定される高密度充填リボン技術を用いて、その中に進行するEMRを捕捉し、それによって、前記内部EMRは、電子を価電子帯から伝導帯に励起し、
少なくとも1つの電極が、前記材料と接触し、電気エネルギーを提供し、それによって、EV範囲から吸収されたエネルギーの50を上回る効率が、達成される、システム。
(項目2)
前記下面は、前記材料内に焦点を有する放物曲線を画定し、前記材料は、複数の半導体を含む複数のフィルムを備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目3)
前記フィルムは、アルゴンガスを使用するプロセスによって形成される製品であり、前記フィルムは、層剥離に抵抗する、項目2に記載のシステム。
(項目4)
前記材料と接触し、セルの外側からアクセス可能な第1の電気接点および第2の電気接点を画定する、第1の電極および第2の電極をさらに備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目5)
前記上面は、曲面であり、前記曲面は、前記セルが雲のない日に屋外に位置するとき、直射日光が日の出から日の入まで前記曲面の法線を画定するように成形される、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目6)
赤外EMRへの前記上面の暴露は、前記第1の電気接点および前記第2の電気接点を横断して電圧を生産する、項目5に記載のシステム。
(項目7)
前記セルは、少なくとも約200〜5000EVのスペクトルを横断して前記EMRからエネルギーを捕捉する、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目8)
前記EMRへの前記上面の暴露は、少なくとも2kW/m 3 を生産する、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目9)
電力を生産するために、強化リン酸塩、MgF、およびサファイアガラスを含む、UV、可視、および不可視EMRを使用するように動作可能であり、間接EM放射エネルギーを吸収するために、角度付けられた銀めっき頂点のプリズムをさらに備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目10)
少なくとも約3つのEMアルゴンフィルムを備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目11)
前記EMアルゴンフィルムは、透明かつ安定しており、少なくとも約200ev〜5000evを吸収することが可能である、項目10に記載のシステム。
(項目12)
屈折された前記EMRの6〜8%を下回る合計EMRスペクトルを吸収するように動作可能である、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目13)
二重放物線反射基部をさらに備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目14)
中への放射を可能にするが、その退出を阻害する半透過性膜として作用することによって、前記EMRを分散し、吸収を増加させる、内部ライニングをさらに備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目15)
プリズム集束が、表面積を2倍に増加させる、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目16)
EMRの光子が、平均して、少なくとも約7回前記材料を通過し、前記EMRの光子の少なくとも一部は、およそ37回前記材料を通過するように、前記材料を通して戻るようにEMRを押勢する、放物線鏡面を底面に備える、項目1に記載のシステム。
(項目17)
電力を生成するためのプロセスであって、
複数のバンドギャップによって画定される、材料内に構成される高密度充填材料リボンを有する3次元空間を画定する、上面および下面を伴う材料の本体と、電気エネルギーを生産するためにそれと接触する少なくとも1つの電極とを供給するステップと、
EM放射を受信するステップと、
花弁状幾何学構成を有する電磁捕捉システム(EM−CS)内で、前記EM放射内のエネルギーの55%を上回るものを電気エネルギーに変換するステップと、
を含む、プロセス。
(項目18)
前記EM−CSはさらに、前記システムの効率が最大限にされるように、日光を指向および捕捉する二重放物線反射基部を備え、それによって、プリズムコンセントレータが追加されると、これは、2倍のエネルギー面積と同等である暴露を与える複数の変形を追加する、項目17に記載のプロセス。
(項目19)
前記EM−CSはさらに、最高点および区域に応じて、より多くの吸収される合計kW/日を与える、少なくとも約500パーセントのさらなるEM放射までを捕捉する能力を有するシステムを備える、項目18に記載のプロセス。
(項目20)
前記EM−CSはさらに、捕捉側面を有する標準EMパネルおよびアセンブリを備え、それによって、内部ライニングは、中への放射を可能にするが、その退出を阻害する半透過性膜として作用し、EM放射を分散し、吸収を増加させる、項目19に記載のプロセス。
(項目21)
従来の光起電性パネルまたはフィルム単独よりも、最大66%の合計放射の増加に効果的なEM−CSをさらに備える、項目19に記載のプロセス。
(項目22)
直接、間接、反射、プリズム、および拡散されたエネルギーを吸収する能力を有する一方、ルーチン保守のみで経時的に動作的に機能するシステムをさらに備える、項目21に記載のプロセスまたは本明細書のいずれかの他の項目による製品。
Claims (22)
- 改良された高効率電磁エネルギー捕捉システム(EM−CS)であって、前記システムは、組み合わせて、
上面層および下面層を備える材料の少なくとも1つの本体を備え、それによって、前記上面層は、前記材料への電磁放射(EMR)を受信し、
前記上面層および下面層は、内部EMRを前記材料に戻すように反射し、
前記材料は、実質的に、前記上面層と前記下面層との間の空間の3次元に及び、それによって、前記内部EMRは、前記3次元内の材料と相互作用し、
前記材料は、複数のバンドギャップによって画定される高密度充填リボン技術を用いて、その中に進行するEMRを捕捉し、それによって、前記内部EMRは、電子を価電子帯から伝導帯に励起し、
少なくとも1つの電極が、前記材料と接触し、電気エネルギーを提供し、それによって、EV範囲から吸収されたエネルギーの50を上回る効率が、達成される、システム。 - 前記下面は、前記材料内に焦点を有する放物曲線を画定し、前記材料は、複数の半導体を含む複数のフィルムを備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記フィルムは、アルゴンガスを使用するプロセスによって形成される製品であり、前記フィルムは、層剥離に抵抗する、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記材料と接触し、セルの外側からアクセス可能な第1の電気接点および第2の電気接点を画定する、第1の電極および第2の電極をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記上面は、曲面であり、前記曲面は、前記セルが雲のない日に屋外に位置するとき、直射日光が日の出から日の入まで前記曲面の法線を画定するように成形される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 赤外EMRへの前記上面の暴露は、前記第1の電気接点および前記第2の電気接点を横断して電圧を生産する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記セルは、少なくとも約200〜5000EVのスペクトルを横断して前記EMRからエネルギーを捕捉する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記EMRへの前記上面の暴露は、少なくとも2kW/m3を生産する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 電力を生産するために、強化リン酸塩、MgF、およびサファイアガラスを含む、UV、可視、および不可視EMRを使用するように動作可能であり、間接EM放射エネルギーを吸収するために、角度付けられた銀めっき頂点のプリズムをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 少なくとも約3つのEMアルゴンフィルムを備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記EMアルゴンフィルムは、透明かつ安定しており、少なくとも約200ev〜5000evを吸収することが可能である、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 屈折された前記EMRの6〜8%を下回る合計EMRスペクトルを吸収するように動作可能である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 二重放物線反射基部をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 中への放射を可能にするが、その退出を阻害する半透過性膜として作用することによって、前記EMRを分散し、吸収を増加させる、内部ライニングをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- プリズム集束が、表面積を2倍に増加させる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- EMRの光子が、平均して、少なくとも約7回前記材料を通過し、前記EMRの光子の少なくとも一部は、およそ37回前記材料を通過するように、前記材料を通して戻るようにEMRを押勢する、放物線鏡面を底面に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 電力を生成するためのプロセスであって、
複数のバンドギャップによって画定される、材料内に構成される高密度充填材料リボンを有する3次元空間を画定する、上面および下面を伴う材料の本体と、電気エネルギーを生産するためにそれと接触する少なくとも1つの電極とを供給するステップと、
EM放射を受信するステップと、
花弁状幾何学構成を有する電磁捕捉システム(EM−CS)内で、前記EM放射内のエネルギーの55%を上回るものを電気エネルギーに変換するステップと、
を含む、プロセス。 - 前記EM−CSはさらに、前記システムの効率が最大限にされるように、日光を指向および捕捉する二重放物線反射基部を備え、それによって、プリズムコンセントレータが追加されると、これは、2倍のエネルギー面積と同等である暴露を与える複数の変形を追加する、請求項17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記EM−CSはさらに、最高点および区域に応じて、より多くの吸収される合計kW/日を与える、少なくとも約500パーセントのさらなるEM放射までを捕捉する能力を有するシステムを備える、請求項18に記載のプロセス。
- 前記EM−CSはさらに、捕捉側面を有する標準EMパネルおよびアセンブリを備え、それによって、内部ライニングは、中への放射を可能にするが、その退出を阻害する半透過性膜として作用し、EM放射を分散し、吸収を増加させる、請求項19に記載のプロセス。
- 従来の光起電性パネルまたはフィルム単独よりも、最大66%の合計放射の増加に効果的なEM−CSをさらに備える、請求項19に記載のプロセス。
- 直接、間接、反射、プリズム、および拡散されたエネルギーを吸収する能力を有する一方、ルーチン保守のみで経時的に動作的に機能するシステムをさらに備える、請求項21に記載のプロセスまたは本明細書のいずれかの他の請求項による製品。
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