JP2017510396A - 携行用血液透析機械と使い捨てカートリッジ - Google Patents
携行用血液透析機械と使い捨てカートリッジ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017510396A JP2017510396A JP2016572353A JP2016572353A JP2017510396A JP 2017510396 A JP2017510396 A JP 2017510396A JP 2016572353 A JP2016572353 A JP 2016572353A JP 2016572353 A JP2016572353 A JP 2016572353A JP 2017510396 A JP2017510396 A JP 2017510396A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- flow path
- dialysate
- blood
- sensor
- dialyzer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年2月27日に出願された同時係属米国仮特許出願第61/945,698号の継続出願である。上述した出願の内容は、参照により援用される。
やはり上述したように、少なくとも一つのアンモニアセンサ237は、フィルタの蒸気膜87に隣接して配置され、フィルタ79内のアンモニアを検出するように構成されている。もう少し詳しく記すと、少なくとも一実施形態において、各アンモニアセンサ237は、以下のパラメータを有するヒータ(不図示)を内蔵している。
IS=2.5/(RS+RL)=2.5/(820+200)=2.5mA
PS=IS 2*RS=0.00252*820=5.1mW
やはり上述したように、漏血センサ235は、血液が透析器25の半透膜を透過したかどうかを検出するように配置および構成されている。もう少し詳細に記すと、少なくとも一つの実施形態において、漏血センサ235は透析液での血液の存在を判断するのに光吸収の原理を用いる。二つの別々の波長のエミッタを使用して、漏血センサ235は透析液透明性の変化を補う。
上述したように、少なくとも一つの液位センサ217は、透析液タンク209での透析流体の液位を監視および測定するように配置および構成されている(図13および15)。少なくとも一つの実施形態では、タンク209に流体が格納され、液位センサ217はタンク209の外側に隣接して配置されている。液位センサ217は、流体液位の上昇および低下について透析液タンク209を監視する際に安全重視機能を提供する。致命的な流体損失(つまりタンク209や流路19の破裂)は別にして、透析流体の利得または損失は、透析器25での圧力バランスが正しくなく、調節されなければならないことを表している。
Vol(ml)=3,102mm2*偏差(mm)/1000mm3/ml
例示的実施形態において、液位センサ217は、透析流体の5.8%に当たる±58mlの基本スパン(±18.75mm)を有する。
3 動脈血ライン
5 静脈血ライン
7 針
11 使い捨てカートリッジ
13 ハウジング
15 血液流路
17 導管
19 透析液流路
23 カセット
25 透析器
31 入口
33 出口
37,39,43,47 継手
51,53,55 ポンプアクチュエータ
57 入口
59 出口
63 空洞
65 円形ロータ
67 スロット
69 ベーン
71 磁石
79 フィルタ
81 ハウジング
83 入口
85 出口
87 蒸気膜
93 流量センサ
95 圧力センサ
97 第1圧力/流体センサ
101 電気端子
205 ケース
207 空洞
209 タンク
211 入口
213 出口
215 着脱キャップ
217 タンク液位センサ
219 トレイ
221 ヒータ
223 温度センサ
225 ラッチ
227,229,231 ポンプモータ
235 漏血センサ
237 アンモニアセンサ
239 静脈血ライン圧力センサ
241 静脈血ライン気泡センサ
245 ピンチバルブ
247 電気端子
249 プロセッサ
251 ユーザインタフェース
253 電源
260 電極
262 接地面
264 湿式基準電極
266 乾式基準電極
268 ACシールド出力
Claims (6)
- 患者から血液を集めるため患者の動脈に接続される動脈血ラインと、
患者へ血液を戻すため患者の静脈に接続される静脈血ラインと、
再利用式透析機械および使い捨てカートリッジであって、前記使い捨てカートリッジが前記再利用式透析機械に対して接続および分断可能である、
血液透析システムであって、
前記使い捨てカートリッジが、
透析器と、
患者から前記透析器を経て再び患者へ血液を輸送するため前記動脈血ラインおよび前記静脈血ラインに接続されている血液流路と、
タンクから前記透析器へ、そして再び前記タンクへ透析液を輸送するための、前記血液流路から隔離されている透析液流路と、
前記透析液流路を経て透析液を送入するため前記透析器の上流で前記透析液流路に接続されている第1ポンプアクチュエータと、
前記透析液流路を経て透析液を送入するため前記透析器の下流で前記透析液流路に接続されている第2ポンプアクチュエータと、
前記血液流路を経て血液を送入するため前記血液流路に接続されている第3ポンプアクチュエータと、
前記透析液流路から尿毒症毒素を除去するため前記透析器の下流で前記透析液流路に接続されているフィルタであって、アンモニアには蒸気膜を通過させるが透析液体は通過させない蒸気膜を有するハウジングに配置されているフィルタと、
前記透析液流路での前記流体流量を検出するため前記透析器の上流で前記透析液流路に接続されている第1流量センサと、
前記透析液流路での前記流体流量を検出するため前記透析器の下流で前記透析液流路に接続されている第2流量センサと、
前記血液流路での前記血液流量を検出するため前記透析器の上流で前記血液流路に接続される第3流量センサと、
前記血液流路での前記流体流量を検出するため前記透析器の下流で前記血液流路に接続されている第4流量センサと、
前記透析液流路での前記圧力を検出するため前記透析器の上流で前記透析液流路に接続されている第1圧力センサと、
前記透析液流路での前記圧力を検出するため前記透析器の下流で前記透析液流路に接続されている第2圧力センサと、
前記血液流路での前記圧力を検出するため前記透析器の上流で前記血液流路に接続されている第3圧力センサと、
前記血液流路での前記圧力を検出するため前記透析器の下流で前記血液流路に接続されている第4圧力センサと、
前記使い捨てカートリッジの第1、第2、第3、第4の流量センサと前記使い捨てカートリッジの第1、第2、第3、第4の圧力センサとに電気接続されているカートリッジ電気端子と、
を含み、
前記再利用式透析機械が、
前記第1ポンプアクチュエータと係合して前記第1ポンプアクチュエータの動作を起動させる第1ポンプモータと、
前記第2ポンプアクチュエータと係合して前記第2ポンプアクチュエータの動作を起動させる第2ポンプモータと、
前記第3ポンプアクチュエータと係合して前記第3ポンプアクチュエータの動作を起動させる第3ポンプモータと、
前記透析液流路への流体接続状態にある透析溶液を保管するためのタンクと、
前記タンク内の流体を加熱するため前記タンクに熱的接続されているヒータと、
前記流体の前記温度を測定するための温度センサと、
前記タンク内の流体の液位を検出するための液位センサと、
前記透析液流路での血液を検出するための漏血センサと、
前記フィルタから放出されたアンモニアを検知するための、前記蒸気膜に隣接するアンモニアセンサと、
前記静脈血ラインでの圧力を検出するため前記静脈血ラインに接続されている静脈血ライン圧力センサと、
前記静脈血ラインでの気泡を検出するため前記静脈血ラインに接続されている気泡センサと、
前記静脈血ラインを経た血液の流れを選択的に許可または妨害するため前記静脈血ラインに接続されているピンチバルブと、
前記再利用式透析機械と前記使い捨てカートリッジとの間で電気信号を伝送するため前記カートリッジ電気端子に電気接続されている透析機械電気端子と、
前記ポンプモータの動作を制御するため前記第1、第2、第3のポンプモータに接続されているプロセッサであって、前記透析機械センサを監視するため、前記タンクセンサ、前記温度センサ、前記漏血センサ、前記アンモニアセンサ、前記静脈血ライン圧力センサ、および前記気泡センサに接続されているプロセッサであり、前記透析機械電気端子に接続されて、前記使い捨てカートリッジの流量センサおよび前記使い捨てカートリッジの圧力センサに接続されて前記センサを監視するプロセッサであり、前記ピンチバルブの開閉を制御するため前記ピンチバルブに接続されているプロセッサと、
を含む、
血液透析システム。 - 透析器が、前記血液流路と前記透析液流路とを分離する半透膜を含み、前記プロセッサが、前記半透膜において所定の圧力差を維持するように前記圧力センサを監視して前記ポンプモータを制御する、請求項1の血液透析システム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記透析器内での透析液流路に対する前記血液流路の前記圧力差をおよそゼロに維持する、請求項2の血液透析システム。
- 前記プロセッサが、前記透析器内での前記透析液流路に対する前記血液流路の前記圧力差をゼロより上に維持して限外ろ過を行う、請求項2の血液透析システム。
- 前記ポンプアクチュエータが非変形部品による構造を持つ、請求項1の血液透析システム。
- 前記第1、第2、および第3のポンプアクチュエータが摺動ベーン構造を含み、各ポンプアクチュエータが、内部側壁を形成する中央空洞を有するハウジングと、前記空洞内に偏心状態で配置されているロータであって、複数の径方向整列スロットをロータの周囲に有するロータと、前記空洞の内部側壁とともに密閉を行って前記透析液流路を経て透析液を送入するベーン室を作成するように前記スロットに摺動可能に配置されて前記スロットから摺動出入するベーンとを含む非変形部品による構造を持つ、請求項1の血液透析システム。
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