JP2017503892A - Methods, systems, and apparatus for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture. For example, a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound may be a component of at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical, at least via a non-oxidation reaction to produce a hydrocarbon compound. , And may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius so that the C—O—H compound reacts. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The C—O—H compound may include biomass. In some cases, the hydrocarbon compound produced via the non-oxidation reaction may include a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound when produced or cooled. Some embodiments comprise an aerosol capture method, system, and apparatus that may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase to collect the aerosol material.

Description

  The present invention relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture.

  Different methods have been developed to produce fast pyrolysis oil. In some cases, the oil may be converted to liquid fuel by upgrading with hydrogen. Biomass may also be utilized in some cases to produce fast pyrolysis oil.

  Various technologies may exist to produce liquid fuels from biomass or other carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compounds, or chemicals, from C—O—H compounds. There may still be a general need for the development of alternative technologies that can provide a more direct method for the production of hydrocarbon liquid fuels or hydrocarbon chemicals.

  Different methods have also been developed to capture aerosols. These methods may include, for example, different, inertial, gravitational, electrostatic and / or diffusion techniques. Various techniques may exist for capturing aerosols, including hydrocarbon aerosols, general for the development of alternative and / or improved techniques that can be utilized to capture aerosols Needs may still exist.

  Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and / or aerosol capture. For example, methods, systems, and apparatus are provided and a high temperature pyrolysis process may be used to produce a range of hydrocarbons from C—O—H compounds, such as biomass or solid waste. In another embodiment, the range of hydrocarbons produced may include compounds that include some liquid fuel. These liquid fuels may include, but are not limited to, gasoline, diesel, and / or aviation fuel. Embodiments may produce liquid hydrocarbons that may have a higher energy content than typical biooils from most rapid pyrolysis processes.

  In some examples, methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production and / or hydrocarbon chemical production. For example, a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound (or a material comprising a C—O—H compound) is at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, and is at least carbonized. In order to generate or generate a hydrogen compound, it may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius so that the C—O—H compound can react through a non-oxidation reaction. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The non-oxidation reaction may include a pyrolysis reaction, which in some cases may be a hydrothermal pyrolysis reaction. Some embodiments may include direct distillation of liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The C—O—H compound may include biomass.

  In some cases, the hydrocarbon compound produced via a non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrocarbon aerosol form, at least as a hydrocarbon compound (or an aerosol form of the hydrocarbon compound) when produced or cooled. . Some embodiments may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase to collect the aerosol material. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the material in the liquid phase also includes passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through a mesh, which may be provided within the material in the liquid phase.

  Some embodiments may use an oxidation-free reaction chamber that may include a tubular furnace. The tubular furnace may comprise a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. Some embodiments may use an auger to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound to and through the tubular furnace. The material comprising the C—O—H compound may in some cases be in the solid phase. The auger may comprise a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. In some embodiments, some embodiments may use a single, uniform blade pitch, but the auger may comprise a number of different pitches between a number of blades.

  Some embodiments may use a liquid solvent chamber to collect the produced liquid hydrocarbon fuel and / or hydrocarbon chemicals. Some embodiments may collect the produced liquid hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon chemicals when the hydrocarbons are concentrated from the gaseous state. Some embodiments may manage pyrolysis gas that may be generated in a non-oxidation reaction chamber via a liquid solvent chamber. Some embodiments may disperse the gas passing through the liquid solvent chamber to reduce the size of the gas bubbles passing through the chamber. Some embodiments may push the dispersed gas through a tortuous flow path through the liquid solvent chamber to control the length of time that the gas contacts the solvent. Some embodiments may use the remainder of the gas after removal of the generated hydrocarbon liquid as a gaseous fuel, for example, to generate heat or electricity. Some embodiments may use the remainder of the gas after removal of the produced hydrocarbon liquid as a gaseous fuel to generate heat. Some embodiments may capture the remainder of the gas after removal of the hydrocarbon liquid that may have been produced.

  Some embodiments provide a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound to generate and / or produce at least a hydrocarbon compound that is at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical. Direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel and / or hydrocarbon chemical production process, which may comprise heating the C—O—H compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius so that it reacts via a non-oxidation reaction including. In some embodiments, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments of the method, the non-oxidation reaction comprises a pyrolysis reaction. The non-oxidation reaction may include a hydrous pyrolysis reaction.

  In some embodiments of the method, the non-oxidation reaction may be performed inside a tubular furnace. The tubular furnace may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. Some embodiments are to use an auger to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound to and through the tubular furnace, wherein the C—O—H It may include that the material containing the compound is in a solid phase. In some embodiments, the auger may include a configuration that includes at least a high nickel alloy metal. The auger may include a number of different pitches between a number of blades in some cases. An auger may include a single pitch between multiple blades in some cases.

  In some embodiments, the method may further include direct distillation of the produced or generated liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon compound. In some embodiments of the method, the hydrocarbon compound produced via the non-oxidation reaction comprises a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound, at least when produced or cooled. Some embodiments further include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase to collect the aerosol material. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the material in the liquid phase may include passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through the mesh.

  In some embodiments of the method, the non-oxidation reaction further generates a hydrocarbon aerosol. Some embodiments include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol through a liquid fuel. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the liquid fuel may include passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through a mesh.

  In some embodiments, the method may further comprise mixing the liquid hydrocarbon fuel or produced hydrocarbon compound with at least another liquid fuel. In some embodiments of the method, the C—O—H compound comprises at least biomass.

  In some embodiments of the method, the C—O—H compound has a residence time of at least 1 second inside the non-oxidation reaction chamber. The residence time may be at least 10 seconds, 100 seconds, at least 300 seconds, at least 1000 seconds. In some embodiments, the temperature is at least 900 degrees Celsius or 1100 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, at least the liquid fuel or liquid hydrocarbon fuel comprises at least gasoline, diesel, or aviation fuel. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may have an energy content of at least 16,000 BTU / lb or 37,000 kJ / kg.

  In some embodiments of the method, the C—O—H compound comprises a C—O—H compound mixed with at least water. Heating the C—O—H compound may produce at least the original C—O— to generate or produce at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, which may be at least in a liquid aerosol state or a water vapor state. Water mixed with some of the water in the H compound may be reacted with the C—O—H compound. Some embodiments include sending the wet C—O—H compound to the reaction chamber prior to heating the wet C—O—H compound.

  Some embodiments comprise a system for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production that produces at least a hydrocarbon compound that is at least a component of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical. In order to heat the C—O—H compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius so that the carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound reacts via a non-oxidation reaction. An oxidation-free reaction chamber may be provided. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.

  In some embodiments of the system, the non-oxidation reaction includes a pyrolysis reaction. The non-oxidation reaction may include a hydrous pyrolysis reaction. In some embodiments, the system comprises a distiller configured to directly distill liquid hydrocarbon fuel or produced hydrocarbon compounds.

  In some embodiments of the system, the non-oxidation reaction chamber may comprise a tubular furnace. The tubular furnace may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. For example, high nickel alloy steel may be used in some cases. Some embodiments of the system may comprise an auger configured to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound into and through the tubular furnace. The auger may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. The auger may comprise a number of different pitches between a number of blades in some cases. The auger may include a single pitch between multiple blades in some cases.

  In some embodiments of the system, the hydrocarbon compound produced via the non-oxidation reaction is in a hydrocarbon aerosol form, at least when produced or cooled, as a hydrocarbon compound or hydrocarbon compound aerosol form. May be included. Some embodiments allow a hydrocarbon aerosol form or an aerosol form of a hydrocarbon compound to pass through a liquid phase material provided inside a liquid fuel or solvent chamber to collect the aerosol material. A liquid fuel or solvent chamber combined with a non-oxidation reaction chamber may further be provided. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. Some embodiments allow a hydrocarbon aerosol to pass through a liquid phase material provided inside a liquid fuel or solvent chamber, via a mesh, a hydrocarbon aerosol form or a hydrocarbon compound aerosol form. A mesh further provided inside the liquid fuel or solvent chamber to include passing.

  In some embodiments of the system, the non-oxidation reaction further generates a hydrocarbon aerosol. Some embodiments may comprise a liquid fuel chamber combined with a non-oxidation reaction chamber such that hydrocarbon aerosols pass through liquid fuel provided within the liquid fuel chamber. Some embodiments include a mesh provided within the liquid fuel chamber such that passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the liquid fuel includes passing through the hydrocarbon aerosol through the mesh.

  In some embodiments, the system may be configured to mix liquid hydrocarbon fuel with at least other liquid fuels. For example, some embodiments of the system may include a mixing chamber configured to mix the produced liquid hydrocarbon fuel with at least other liquid fuels.

  In some embodiments of the system, the C—O—H compound comprises at least biomass. In some embodiments of the system, the C—O—H compound has a residence time of at least 1 second, at least 10 seconds, at least 100 seconds, at least 300 seconds, or at least 1000 seconds. In some embodiments, the temperature is at least 900 degrees Celsius or 1100 degrees Celsius.

  In some embodiments of the system, the liquid fuel or hydrocarbon fuel includes at least gasoline, diesel, or aviation fuel. In some embodiments, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has an energy content of at least 16,000 BTU / lb or 37,000 kJ / kg.

  In some embodiments of the system, the C—O—H compound comprises a C—O—H compound mixed with at least water. Heating the C—O—H compound involves mixing water mixed with some of the water in the original C—O—H compound to produce a hydrocarbon fuel in at least a liquid aerosol state or a water vapor state. It may include reacting with a C—O—H compound.

  In some embodiments of the system, the C—O—H compound comprises a wet C—O—H compound, such as a C—O—H compound mixed with at least water. For example, a non-oxidation reaction chamber can react with C—O—H through reacting water with a wet C—O—H compound with a C—O—H compound to produce a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. It may be configured to heat the -H compound.

  In some embodiments, the system may comprise a conveyor system configured to send the C—O—H compound to the reaction chamber prior to heating the wet C—O—H compound. The non-oxidation reaction chamber converts some water in the original C—O—H compound together with mixed water to produce one or both hydrocarbon fuels in the state of liquid aerosol and water vapor. It may be configured to heat a C—O—H compound configured to react with an O—H compound. Some embodiments of the system may comprise a conveyor configured to place the wet C—O—H compound in the non-oxidation reaction chamber prior to heating the wet C—O—H compound.

  Methods, systems, and devices are provided for aerosol capture, such as liquid hydrocarbon aerosol capture. Some examples may be configured to pass the aerosol through a material in a bulk liquid phase provided within the aerosol collection chamber to collect at least a portion of one or more aerosol components. An aerosol collection chamber may be used. Different configurations of the aerosol collection chamber can further, for example, by increasing the path length through the bulk liquid phase material and / or by increasing the area of contact between the aerosol and the bulk liquid phase material. Collecting some or all of one or more aerosol components may be facilitated. Some examples may also include aerosol production and / or distillation of collected aerosol. Distilled aerosol may be used to increase the liquid phase in some cases.

  Some embodiments include a method of aerosol capture that may include passing the aerosol through material in a bulk liquid phase to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. The collected portion of the one or more aerosol components may include at least a hydrocarbon compound. In some embodiments, the collected portion of the one or more aerosol components includes at least a liquid hydrocarbon component. In some embodiments, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include a liquid hydrocarbon, which may include a hydrocarbon fuel. In some embodiments, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include water.

  In some embodiments of the method, the material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be provided inside the helical tube configuration in some cases. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be provided inside the auger.

  Some embodiments of the method may include distilling one or more collected aerosol components. Some embodiments may include increasing the material in the bulk liquid phase along with all or a portion of one or more distilled collected aerosol components.

  In some embodiments of the method, passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase may include passing the aerosol through a solid phase mesh provided within the material in the bulk liquid phase. . In some embodiments, passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase passes the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase for a number of baffles provided within the material in the bulk liquid phase. May further be included. The passage of aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase is through the material in the bulk liquid phase through the mesh of solid material provided around a number of baffles provided inside the material in the bulk liquid phase. May include passing through an aerosol.

  Some embodiments of the method may include removing water for the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase. In some cases, with respect to the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase, removing the water includes removing water that may not mix with the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase. In some cases, removing water with respect to the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase removes water that may not mix with the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase and may be gravimetrically separable from the remainder. Including that.

  Some embodiments of the method include generating an aerosol. The aerosol may include at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component. The aerosol may include at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component that may be produced from biomass. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component comprises at least a hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical.

  Some embodiments are configured to pass an aerosol through a material in a bulk liquid phase provided within an aerosol collection chamber to collect at least a portion of one or more aerosol components. A system for aerosol capture, which may comprise an aerosol collection chamber. In some embodiments, the collected portion of one or more aerosol components includes at least a hydrocarbon compound. The collected portion of the one or more aerosol components may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include liquid hydrocarbons. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled.

  Some embodiments of the system include one or more lengths of tubes in a helical configuration that includes material in the bulk liquid phase to increase the path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. Some embodiments of the system comprise one or more augers provided within the aerosol collection chamber to increase the path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. Some embodiments of the system comprise one or more distillation systems in combination with an aerosol collection chamber to distill all or part of the collected portion of one or more aerosol components. Some embodiments of the system have one in the aerosol collection chamber to increase the material in the bulk liquid phase along with all or part of the distilled collected portion of one or more aerosol components. One or more couplers configured to combine one or more of the above distillers may be provided.

  Some embodiments of the system are meshes of solid material provided within an aerosol collection chamber configured to increase the area of contact between the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase, the aerosol and With the material in the bulk liquid phase passed through. Some embodiments of the system comprise a number of baffles provided within the aerosol collection chamber configured to increase the path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. Some embodiments of the system are configured to increase the area of contact between the material in the aerosol and liquid phase, and a number of baffles inside the aerosol collection chamber through which the material in the aerosol and liquid phase is passed. A mesh of solid material provided around is provided.

  Some embodiments of the system include one or more combined with an aerosol collection chamber to allow removal of one or more collected aerosol components or at least a portion of the water from the aerosol collection chamber. Includes ports. Some embodiments of the system include one or more ports in combination with the aerosol collection chamber to allow removal of at least a portion of one or more collected aerosol components from the aerosol collection chamber. Prepare.

  Some embodiments of the system comprise one or more aerosol generation chambers combined with an aerosol collection chamber. The one or more aerosol generation chambers may, in some cases, include an aerosol generation chamber that generates at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component. The aerosol may include, in some cases, at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component that can be produced from biomass.

  Some embodiments include methods, systems, and / or devices as described in the detailed description and / or as shown in the drawings.

  The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the embodiments according to the present disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. In the following, further features and advantages are described. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as a basis for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure with modifications or with the design of other structures. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The features believed to be unique to the concepts disclosed herein, together with the attendant advantages, together with their structure and method of operation, will be better understood from the following description when considered with reference to the accompanying drawings. Will be done. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description only and is not intended to define the scope of the claims.

  A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the different embodiments may be achieved by reference to the following drawings. In the appended drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be identified according to a reference label with a dash and a second indicator that identifies similar components. Where only the first reference label is used herein, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label regardless of the second reference label. is there.

1 illustrates a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical manufacturing system according to various embodiments. FIG. 1 illustrates a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical manufacturing system according to various embodiments. FIG. 1 illustrates a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical manufacturing system according to various embodiments. FIG. 1 illustrates a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical manufacturing system according to various embodiments. FIG. 1 illustrates a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical manufacturing system according to various embodiments. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for conversion of a C—O—H compound to a hydrocarbon compound, according to various embodiments. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for conversion of a C—O—H compound to a hydrocarbon compound, according to various embodiments. FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates an aerosol capture system, according to various embodiments. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for the production of a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for the production of a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for the production of a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for the production of a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for the production of a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, according to various embodiments. FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for the production of a hydrocarbon liquid fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, according to various embodiments. FIG. FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for aerosol capture, according to various embodiments. FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for aerosol capture, according to various embodiments.

  The following description merely provides exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the present disclosure. To be more precise, the following description of example embodiments provides those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing one or more example embodiments, and is provided in the book set forth in the appended claims. It is contemplated that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Although several embodiments are described herein, various features have been assigned to different embodiments, features described for one embodiment can be applied to other embodiments as well. It should be recognized that it can be incorporated. However, for the same reason, other embodiments may omit such features, so the single or multiple features of any described embodiment should not be considered essential to all embodiments. .

  Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, systems, networks, processes, and other components of some embodiments may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments with unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known processes, structures, and techniques may be shown in unnecessary detail without obscuring the embodiments.

  It should also be noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that may be represented as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed concurrently or concurrently. In addition, the order of operations can be rearranged. The process may end when the operation is finished, but may also include additional operations not considered or included in the figure. Moreover, not all operations of any specifically described processes may be implemented in all embodiments. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, and the like. If the process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to the return of the function to the calling function or main function.

  Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented, at least in part, either manually or automatically. Manual or automatic implementation may be implemented or at least supported by the use of machines, hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments that perform the necessary tasks may be stored on a machine-readable medium. The processor can perform the necessary tasks.

  Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and / or aerosol capture. For example, methods, systems, and devices are provided, such as biomass, or a range of hydrocarbons from C—O—H compounds, as included in such materials as biomass or solid waste. A high temperature pyrolysis process may be used to produce. The range of hydrocarbons produced in another embodiment may include compounds that may include several liquid fuels or hydrocarbon chemicals. Liquid fuels may include, but are not limited to, gasoline, diesel, and / or aviation fuel. Embodiments may produce liquid hydrocarbons that may have a higher energy content than typical biooils from most rapid pyrolysis processes.

  Some embodiments may use C—O—H compounds, such as cellulose, lignin, and / or hemicellulose, which may be found in biomass, for example. Many biomass feedstocks may include one or more mixtures of trace minerals of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, and / or their component materials. Some embodiments include, for example, paper scrap, various types of wood sawdust, cardboard, hay, straw, switchgrass, public solid waste, sanitary waste, simulated nuclear waste, demolition and construction waste And other feedstocks containing other C—O—H compounds may be used, and these various feedstocks may generally be referred to as industrial waste. In general, materials that can include a C—O—H compound may be utilized in another embodiment.

  An appearance of a system 100-a for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production according to various embodiments is provided in FIG. 1A. The system 100-a may include an oxidation-free reaction chamber 110. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  In some embodiments, the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, via at least a non-oxidation reaction to generate or produce a hydrocarbon compound. It may be used to heat a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius so that the C—O—H compound reacts. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The non-oxidation reaction may include a thermal decomposition reaction. The non-oxidation reaction may include a hydrous pyrolysis reaction. Some embodiments of the system 100-a may be configured to distill liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and in some cases may be done directly.

  In some embodiments of the system 100-a, the non-oxidation reaction chamber 100 may comprise a tubular furnace. The tubular furnace may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel. Some embodiments of the system 100-a include an auger (not shown) to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound into and through the tubular furnace. Good. The material in the C—O—H compound may be in a solid phase in some cases. The auger may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel. In some embodiments, some embodiments may use a single, uniform blade pitch, but the auger may include many different pitches between multiple blades. Different pitches may be helpful in increasing and / or decreasing the residence time of the C—O—H compound in one or more portions of the tubular furnace.

  In some embodiments of the system 100-a, the hydrocarbon compound generated or generated via the non-oxidation reaction generated using the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 is a hydrocarbon at least when it is generated or cooled. As a compound (or an aerosol form of a hydrocarbon compound), a hydrocarbon aerosol form may be included. Some embodiments of the system 100-a may be configured to pass a hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase to collect the aerosol material. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. Some embodiments of the system 100-a are combined with a liquid material such that passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the material in the liquid phase includes passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through the mesh. May have a mesh.

  In some embodiments of the system 100-a, the non-oxidation reaction may generate a hydrocarbon aerosol. Some embodiments of the system 100-a may be configured to allow hydrocarbon aerosol to pass through the liquid fuel. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the liquid fuel may include passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through a mesh. This may help reduce the size of the hydrocarbon aerosol foam. In some cases, the hydrocarbon aerosol may include naphthalene.

  Some embodiments of the system 100-a may be configured such that the liquid hydrocarbon fuel can be mixed with at least other liquid fuels. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels and / or other liquid fuels may include, but are not limited to, at least gasoline, diesel, or aviation fuel. The C—O—H compound may include at least biomass.

  In some embodiments of the system 100-a, the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 may be configured such that the C—O—H compound may have a residence time. For example, in some embodiments, the residence time may be at least 1 second, 10 seconds, 100 seconds, 300 seconds, and / or 1000 seconds. In some embodiments of the system 100-a, the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 may be configured such that the temperature is at least 900 degrees, and other embodiments may use at least 1100 degrees Celsius.

  In some embodiments of system 100-a, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may have an energy content of at least 16,000 BTU / lb or 37,000 kJ / kg. In some cases, the liquid hydrogen fuel may have an energy content of at least 20,000 BTU / lb or 46,000 kJ / kg. For example, liquid hydrocarbon fuels may have energy content that is comparable to different types of diesel fuel.

  In some embodiments, the system 100-a may be configured such that the C—O—H compound can be mixed with at least water. The non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 produces a hydrocarbon fuel at least in a liquid aerosol state or vapor state so that some water in the original C—O—H compound along with the mixed water is C—O—. It may be configured to heat the C—O—H compound so that it can react with the H compound. Some embodiments of system 100-a have some water in the original C—O—H compound together with mixed water to produce hydrocarbon fuel at least in a liquid aerosol or vapor state. The C—O—H compound mixed with water may be configured to be sent to the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 before reacting with the C—O—H compound.

  Some embodiments of system 100-a may use C—O—H compounds, including wet C—O—H compounds, although C—O—H compounds may dry in some cases. Heating the C—O—H compound in the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 converts water that is part of the wet C—O—H compound with the C—O—H compound to produce a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Reacting may be included. Some embodiments of the system 100-a are configured such that the wet C—O—H compound can be sent to the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 before heating the wet C—O—H compound. Good. This process may be referred to as a hydrothermal pyrolysis process, may use water from wet compounds in the reaction, and the reaction does not use oxygen as a non-oxidative or pyrolysis reaction.

  Another appearance of a system 100-b for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production according to various embodiments is provided in FIG. 1B. System 100-b may be an example of system 100-a of FIG. 1A. System 100-b may comprise a pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a, which may be an example of pyrolysis reaction chamber 110 of FIG. 1A. The system 100-b may also include a liquid fuel and / or liquid solvent chamber 120 and / or a still 130.

  The pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a may be a component of at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical, and at least produce a hydrocarbon compound to produce a C—O—H compound via a pyrolysis reaction. To react, it may be configured to heat a C—O—H compound such as biomass to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. Some embodiments may be configured such that the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a heats the C—O—H compound to at least 900 degrees Celsius, and some embodiments include the C—O—H compound. May be heated to at least 1100 degrees Celsius.

  The hydrocarbon compound produced by the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a may include a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound at least when produced or cooled. The system 100-b may be configured such that the hydrocarbon aerosol passes through the material in the liquid phase within the liquid fuel / solvent chamber 120 to collect the aerosol material. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. In some cases, the mesh is provided in the liquid fuel chamber 120 such that passing a hydrocarbon aerosol through the material in the liquid phase includes passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through the mesh. Good.

  For example, the system 100-b may pass a hydrocarbon aerosol form of the generated hydrocarbon compound through the liquid phase material provided within the liquid fuel / solvent chamber 120 to collect the aerosol material. A liquid fuel / solvent chamber 120 configured to obtain may be provided. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. In some cases, the mesh is passed through the hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase and also includes passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through the mesh. It may be provided inside.

  In some embodiments of the system 100-b, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be distilled directly by the distiller 130. This may include not using more than one catalyst in some cases. For example, the distiller 130 may be used to distill liquid hydrocarbon fuel that may be collected in the liquid fuel / solvent chamber 120.

  Another appearance of a system 100-c for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production according to various embodiments is provided in FIG. 1C. System 100-c may be an example of a side view of system 100-a of FIG. 1A and / or system 100-b of FIG. 1B. The system 100-c may comprise a pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b, which may be, for example, the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 of FIG. 1A or the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a of FIG. 1B. The system 100-c may also include a conveyor 105. The system 100-c may also include a liquid solvent chamber 120-a in some cases, which may be an example of the liquid fuel and / or liquid solvent chamber 120 of FIG. 1B.

  The pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b may be a component of at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical, and the C—O—H compound reacts through a pyrolysis reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound. As such, it may be configured to heat the C—O—H compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.

  Some embodiments of the system 100-c use the conveyor 105 to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound into and through the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b. You may prepare. The conveyor 105 may be configured as an auger. The auger may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. For example, other alloys may be used, but high nickel alloy steel may be used. In some embodiments, some embodiments may include a single uniform blade pitch, but an auger may include many different pitches between multiple blades. In some embodiments of system 100-c, pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b may comprise a tubular furnace. The tubular furnace may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. High nickel alloy steel may be used in some cases, although other alloys may be used.

  The hydrocarbon compound produced by the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b may include a hydrocarbon aerosol form of the hydrocarbon compound, at least when produced or cooled. The system 100-c allows the hydrocarbon aerosol form of the generated hydrocarbon compound to pass through the material in the liquid phase provided within the liquid solvent chamber 120-a to collect the aerosol material. The liquid solvent chamber 120-a may be provided. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. In some cases, the mesh is internal to the liquid solvent chamber 120-a to include passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the material in the liquid phase and also passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the mesh. May be provided.

  FIG. 1D shows a system 100-d for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. System 100-d may be an example of a side view of system 100-a of FIG. 1A, system 100-b of FIG. 1B, and / or system 100-c of FIG. 1C. System 100-d is a tubular furnace that may be an example of the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110-a of FIG. 1A, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b of FIG. 1B, and / or the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-c of FIG. 1C. 110-c. System 100-d may also include an auger 105-a, which may be an example of the conveyor 105 of FIG. 1C.

  Tubular furnace 110-c reacts via a pyrolysis reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound in which the C—O—H compound may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical. As such, it may be configured to heat the C—O—H compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at 20 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, the tubular furnace 110-c may be configured to heat the C—O—H compound to at least 900 degrees Celsius, and some embodiments may include at least the C—O—H compound. You may heat to 1100 degrees Celsius.

  The auger 105-a may affect the continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound to and through the tubular furnace 110-c. The auger 105-a may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel. In some embodiments, some embodiments may use a single, uniform blade pitch, but the auger 105-a may include a number of different pitches between a number of blades. In some embodiments of the system 100-d, the tubular furnace 110-c may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel.

  FIG. 1E illustrates another system 100-e for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. System 100-e may be an example of a side view of system 100-a of FIG. 1A, system 100-b of FIG. 1B, system 100-c of FIG. 1C, and / or system 100-d of FIG. 1D. The system 100-e is an example of the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 of FIG. 1A, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a of FIG. 1B, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b of FIG. 1C, and / or the tubular furnace 110-c of FIG. A tubular furnace 110-d may be provided. System 100-e may also include an auger 105-b, which may be an example of the conveyor 105 of FIG. 1C.

  Tubular furnace 110-d reacts via a pyrolysis reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound in which the C—O—H compound may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical. As such, it may be configured to heat the C—O—H compound to at least 800 degrees Celsius. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at 20 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, the tubular furnace 110-d may be configured to heat the C—O—H compound to at least 900 degrees Celsius, and some embodiments may include at least the C—O—H compound. You may heat to 1100 degrees Celsius.

  The auger 105-b may affect the continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound to and through the tubular furnace 110-d. The auger 105-b may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel. In some embodiments, the auger 105-b may include a number of different pitches between a number of blades. For example, the auger 105-b may include a first section 106-a and a second pitch second section 106-b, which may include blades of a first pitch. In this example, the second pitch may be smaller than the first pitch. This may, for example, result in a C—O—H compound having a longer residence time per unit length than the second section 106-b. Other variations may be used as more sections at different pitches, for example. Increasing the pitch of the sections can generally reduce the residence time per unit length. In some embodiments, increased residence time may be used to increase the amount of bio-cha produced. In some cases, the reduction in residence time may be used to affect the amount of pyrolysis that occurs. In some embodiments of system 100-d, tubular furnace 110-d may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel.

Moving to A, a system 200-a for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production according to various embodiments is provided. In some embodiments, the system 200-a may be the system 100-a of FIG. 1A, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. It may be an example of a side view of 1E system 100-e.

  The system 200-a includes a chamber 202-a, a heating system 210-a that transfers heat with the chamber 202-a, and an optional gas supply line 214 for providing inert and / or non-inert gas to the chamber 202-a. -A, optional water supply line 206 for the water added to chamber 202-a by using optional valve 208-a, product (e.g., hydrocarbon chemicals, hydrocarbon compounds, and / or liquid carbonization) An exhaust line 218-a may be provided that allows the chamber 202-a to exit for other fuel (such as hydrogen fuel) to flow to other components (not shown). Components such as chamber 202-a include non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 in FIG. 1A, pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a in FIG. 1B, pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b in FIG. 1C, and tubular furnace 110-c in FIG. 1D. And / or an example of a side view of the tubular furnace 110-d of FIG. 1E.

  The C—O—H compound 204-a may be provided inside the chamber 202-a. Examples of C—O—H compounds 204-a that may be found suitable for methods according to various embodiments may be found, for example, in biomass, sources of biomass, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and / or, for example, in biomass. It may include, but is not limited to, lignin sources. Some processes may use inert and / or non-inert gases and may be placed into chamber 202-a via one or more valves 216-a, and controller 212-a may also Valve 216-a may be used to control when the chamber 202-a with inert and / or non-inert gas is continuously passed. The controller 212-a may control the heating system 210-a to provide an elevated temperature that causes the C—O—H compound 204-a to separate and / or react in the environment inside the chamber 202-a. . In some embodiments, the heating system 202-a may be configured to heat the chamber 202-a to at least 800 degrees Celsius, and some embodiments may be at least 900 degrees, or some number The case may be configured to heat the chamber 202-a to at least 1100 degrees. The controller 212-a may also control the rate of insertion of the material containing the C—O—H compound into the chamber 202-a. In some embodiments, the controller 212-a further includes a heating system 210 to heat the C—O—H compound 204-a to cause a chemical reaction of the C—O—H compound 204-a. The temperature of -a may be controlled.

  During processing of the C—O—H compound, the system 202-a may be run between atmospheric pressure and slightly higher pressure, which in some cases may be greater than about 20 torr gauge. This may help to minimize air leaks in the system and may significantly reduce the risk of pressure rising events such as explosions.

  In some embodiments, the optional water supply line 206-a is combined with a C—O—H compound to form a wet form of the compound before being directed to the chamber 202-a. May be configured. Some embodiments may include a conveyor mechanism (not shown) that may be utilized to deliver wet compounds to chamber 202-a. Several conveyor mechanisms may be utilized to transport the C—O—H compound through the chamber 202-a.

  An appearance of another simplified system 200-b for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments, is provided in FIG. 2B. In some embodiments, system 200-b includes system 100-a of FIG. 1A, system 100-b of FIG. 1B, system 100-c of FIG. 1C, system 100-d of FIG. It may be an example of a side view of 1E system 100-e.

  System 200-b includes chamber 202-b, heating system 210-b in heat transfer with chamber 202-b, and optional gas supply line 214 for providing inert and / or non-inert gas to chamber 202-b. -B, optional water supply line 206-b for water added to the C-O-H compound in any source hopper or chamber 222, reaction products (e.g., hydrocarbon chemicals, hydrocarbon compounds, and There may be an exhaust line 218-b and / or a controller 212-b that allows the liquid (such as liquid hydrocarbon fuel) to exit the chamber 202-b. The C—O—H compound 204-b may be provided inside the chamber 202-b. Examples of C—O—H compounds 204-b that may be found suitable for methods according to various embodiments, which may be wet or dry, include, for example, sources of biomass such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and / or May include, but is not limited to, a source of lignin, such as found in biomass. Components such as chamber 202-b include non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 in FIG. 1A, pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a in FIG. 1B, pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b in FIG. 1C, and tubular furnace 110-c in FIG. 1D. And / or an example of a side view of the tubular furnace 110-d of FIG. 1E.

  Some embodiments may employ processes that may use inert and / or non-inert gases and may be controlled by controller 212-b through one or more valves 216-b chamber 202-b. May be put in. The controller 212-b may control when it continuously passes through the chamber 202-b with inert and / or non-inert gas by using the valve 216-b. Controller 212-b provides heating system 210-b to provide a high temperature inside chamber 202-b to separate C—O—H compound 204-b in the environment inside chamber 202-b. Can be controlled. In some embodiments, the heating system 202-b may be configured to heat the chamber 202-b to at least 800 degrees Celsius, at least 900 degrees Celsius, and / or at least 1100 degrees Celsius. The controller 212-b may also control the rate of insertion of the material containing the C—O—H compound into the chamber 202-b. Valve 217 may be utilized in some cases. The controller 212-b further controls the temperature of the heating system 210-a to heat the C—O—H compound 204-b to cause a chemical reaction of the C—O—H compound 204-b. Good.

  During the processing of biomass, the system 202-b may be run between atmospheric pressure and slightly higher pressure, which in some cases may be about 20 torr gauge or higher. This may help to minimize air leaks in the system and may significantly reduce the risk of pressure rising events such as explosions.

  In some embodiments, the optional water supply line 206-b forms a wet form of the compound before being directed to the chamber 202-b, such as in the source hopper or chamber 222, for example. Thus, it may be configured such that water can be combined with the C—O—H compound. Some embodiments may include a conveyor mechanism 214 that may be utilized to deliver wet or dry compounds to chamber 202-b. The conveyor mechanism 214 may comprise an auger in some cases. Some embodiments may use gravity to assist in delivering a material containing a C—O—H compound to chamber 202-b. In some cases, materials containing C—O—H compounds may be manually sent to chamber 202-b.

  Some methods, systems, and devices may also be provided for aerosol capture, such as, for example, liquid hydrocarbon aerosol capture. In some cases, these systems, methods, and / or apparatus may be combined with or as part of a method, system, and / or apparatus for liquid hydrocarbon fuel and / or hydrocarbon chemical production. May be used. The aerosol may comprise a gas or a mixture of gases that may have particles floating on it. The particles can be liquid or solid or both, and the particles can include one or more chemical species. With changes in temperature, pressure, environmental configuration without aerosols, and / or over time, the components of the gas in the aerosol may condense, coalesce and / or crystallize, and components of the aerosol particle portion. It may be. Collecting or capturing the aerosol may include collecting all or part of one or more components of the aerosol in an aerosol-free form. Embodiments may use an aerosol collection chamber that may be configured to pass the aerosol through material in a liquid phase bulk provided within the aerosol collection chamber to collect the aerosol. Different configurations of the aerosol collection chamber can further collect the aerosol, for example, by increasing the path length through the region of contact between the bulk liquid phase material and / or the aerosol and the bulk liquid phase material. May be promoted. Some embodiments may include aerosol manufacture and / or distillation of collected components of the aerosol. The distilled and collected components of the aerosol may be used to increase the bulk liquid phase material in some cases.

  An appearance of a system 300-a for aerosol capture, according to various embodiments, is provided in FIG. 3A. The system 300-a may comprise an aerosol collection chamber 310. The specific illustrated components are intended to be exemplary only. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. In some embodiments, the aerosol capture chamber 310 may be an example of the liquid fuel and / or liquid solvent chamber 120 of FIGS. 1B and / or 1C.

  In some embodiments of the system 300-a, the aerosol collection chamber 310 is a material in a bulk liquid phase that is provided within the aerosol collection chamber to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. Via the aerosol may be configured. The collected aerosol component may in some cases include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon may be a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of system 300-a, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include liquid hydrocarbons. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon may be a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled in the system 300-a in some cases.

  The system 300-a is designed to increase the length of one or more helical tubes containing material in the bulk liquid phase in order to increase the length of the passage for the passage of aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase. May be included. Some embodiments of the system 300-a include one or more augers provided within the aerosol collection chamber to increase the length of the passage for the passage of aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase. May include. These aspects may be shown in other figures, for example, FIG. 4D and / or 4E.

  System 300-a may include one or more distillation systems combined with an aerosol collection chamber to distill all or part of the collected components of the aerosol. One or more couplers may be used to increase the material in the bulk liquid phase, along with all or part of the collected collected aerosol components to increase the material in the bulk liquid phase. It may be configured in system 300-a to combine one or more of the distillers with the aerosol collection chamber. These aspects may be shown in other drawings, for example, FIG. 3C.

  Some embodiments of the system 300-a are solid material meshes provided within an aerosol collection chamber 310 configured to increase the area of contact between the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase. The material in the aerosol and bulk liquid phase may be passed through. Some embodiments of the system 300-a may comprise a number of baffles provided within an aerosol collection chamber 310 configured to increase the passage length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. Some embodiments of the system 300-a are a mesh of solid material provided around a number of baffles inside the aerosol collection chamber 310 between the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase. It may be configured to increase the near-acting area and may include one through which the aerosol is passed. These aspects may be shown in other drawings, for example, FIG. 4B and / or 4C.

  The system 300-a is water or other liquid at a higher concentration than other collected components of the aerosol, and in some cases higher than the concentration of material in the bulk liquid phase from the aerosol collection chamber. One or more ports associated with the aerosol collection chamber 310 may be provided to allow removal of Some embodiments include an aerosol collection chamber 310 to allow removal of some or all of the collected aerosol components and / or some or all of the material in the bulk liquid phase from the aerosol collection chamber. One or more ports may be provided in combination.

  Some embodiments of the system 300-a may comprise one or more aerosol generation chambers in combination with the aerosol collection chamber 310. In some cases, an aerosol generation chamber that generates at least a hydrocarbon compound may be provided. In some cases, the aerosol generation chamber may use biomass to generate at least hydrocarbon compounds. In some cases, the aerosol generation chamber may use public solid waste to generate at least hydrocarbon compounds. By way of example only, the aerosol generation chamber may generate aerosol using a fast pyrolysis and / or flash pyrolysis process. Different technologies for pyrolysis include, for example, a bubble fluidized bed, a circulating fluidized bed, and / or a transport reactor, a rotating cone pyrolysis device, a derated pyrolysis device, a vacuum pyrolysis, an auger reactor, and / or a tubular furnace However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  Another appearance of a system 300-b for aerosol capture, according to various embodiments, is provided in FIG. 3B. System 300-b may be an example of system 300-a of FIG. 3A. The system 300-b may comprise a bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a, which may be an example of the aerosol collection chamber 310 of FIG. 3A. The bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a may also be referred to as a liquid solvent or fuel chamber in some cases. The system 300-b may also include an aerosol generation chamber 305. In some embodiments, the aerosol generation chamber 305 may be, for example, the non-oxidation reaction chamber 110 of FIG. 1A, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-a of FIG. 1B, the pyrolysis reaction chamber 110-b of FIG. It may be an example of tubular furnace 110-c, tubular furnace 110-d of FIG. 1E, system 200-a of FIG. 2A, and / or system 200-b of FIG. 2B. In some embodiments, the bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a is an example of the liquid fuel and / or solvent chamber 120 of FIGS. 1B and / or 1C and / or the aerosol capture chamber 310 of FIG. 3B. It's okay. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  The aerosol generation chamber 305 may be combined with the bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a. The aerosol generation chamber 305 may be configured to generate at least a hydrocarbon compound, which may be in aerosol form, that may be provided to the bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a. In some cases, the aerosol generation chamber 305 may use biomass to generate at least hydrocarbon compounds. In some cases, aerosol generation chamber 305 may use public solid waste to generate at least hydrocarbon compounds.

  The aerosol generated in the aerosol generation chamber 305 is in a bulk liquid phase where the aerosol is provided within the bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. It may be combined with the bulk liquid phase material chamber 310-a so that it can pass through the material. The collected aerosol component may in some cases comprise at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of system 300-b, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include a liquid hydrocarbon. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled in system 310-b in some cases.

  FIG. 3C illustrates a system 300-c for aerosol capture, according to various embodiments. System 300-c may be an example of system 300-a of FIG. 3A and / or system 300-b of FIG. 3B. System 300-c may comprise a hydrocarbon aerosol generation chamber 305-a, which may be an example of the aerosol generation chamber 305 of FIG. 3B. The system 300-c may also include a bulk liquid hydrocarbon chamber 310-b, which may be an example of the aerosol collection chamber 305 of FIG. 3A or the bulk liquid phase material chamber 305-a of FIG. 3B. System 300-c may also include a still 315. Distiller 315 may be an example of distiller 130 of FIG. 1B. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  System 300-c may utilize a distiller 315, which may be combined with a bulk hydrocarbon chamber 310-b to distill the collected aerosol components. The collected aerosol component of this example may include a hydrocarbon aerosol produced via a hydrocarbon aerosol production chamber 305-a. In some embodiments, one or more couplers 320 provide liquid hydrocarbons provided in bulk liquid hydrocarbon chamber 310-b along with all or a portion of the collected collected aerosol components. To increase, it may be configured in system 300-c to couple to a back distiller 315 for bulk liquid hydrocarbon chamber 310-b.

  Turning now to FIG. 4A, a system 400-a for aerosol capture is provided in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, system 400-a may be an example of a side view of system 300-a of FIG. 3A, system 300-b of FIG. 3B, and / or system 300-c of FIG. 3C. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  The system 300-a allows the aerosol 420 to pass through the material in the bulk liquid phase 425 that may be provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-c to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol 420. An aerosol collection chamber 310-c may be provided that may be configured to pass through. The collected aerosol component may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component in some cases. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of the system 400-a, the material 425 in the liquid phase may include bulk liquid hydrocarbons. The material 425 in the liquid phase may include water. The material 425 in the liquid phase may be temperature controlled in the aerosol collection chamber 310-c in some embodiments.

  System 400-a has a higher concentration than other collected components of the aerosol, and in some cases higher than the concentration of material in the bulk liquid phase from aerosol collection chamber 310-c, water or One or more lower ports 430 may be provided that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-c to allow removal of other liquids. Some embodiments may include one or more upper ports 435 that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310 to allow removal of the collected aerosol components from the aerosol collection chamber 310-c. . The system 400-a may include one or more ports 440 that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-c to allow for the induction of the aerosol into the aerosol collection chamber 310-c.

  Turning now to FIG. 4B, a system 400-b for aerosol capture is provided in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, system 400-b is a side view of system 300-a of FIG. 3A, system 300-b of FIG. 3B, system 300-c of FIG. 3C, and / or system 400-a of FIG. 4A. It may be an example. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  The system 400-b is for passing aerosol through material in the bulk liquid phase that may be provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-d to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. An aerosol collection chamber 310-d may be provided that may be configured. The collected aerosol component may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component in some cases. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of system 400-b, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include a liquid hydrocarbon. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled in the aerosol collection chamber 310-d in some embodiments.

  The system 400-b has a higher concentration than other collected components of the aerosol, and in some cases higher than the concentration of material in the bulk liquid phase from the aerosol collection chamber 310-d, water or One or more lower ports 430-a may be provided that can be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-d to allow removal of other liquids. Some embodiments include one or more upper ports 435-a that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-d to allow removal of the collected aerosol components from the aerosol collection chamber 310-d. May be provided. The system 400-b may include one or more ports 440-a that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-d to allow for the induction of the aerosol into the aerosol collection chamber 310-d.

  Some embodiments of the system 400-b may comprise one or more meshes 440-i, 440-j of solid material provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-d. The mesh 440 may be configured to increase the area of contact between the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase, and the material in the aerosol and bulk liquid phase is passed through.

  Turning now to FIG. 4C, a system 400-c for aerosol capture is provided in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, the system 400-c may be the system 300-a of FIG. 3A, the system 300-b of FIG. 3B, the system 300-c of FIG. 3C, the system 400-a of FIG. It may be an example of a side view of 4B system 400-b. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  The system 400-c passes the aerosol through material in the bulk liquid phase that may be provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-e to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. An aerosol collection chamber 310-e may be provided. The collected aerosol component may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component in some cases. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of system 400-c, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include liquid hydrocarbons. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled in the aerosol collection chamber 310-e in some embodiments.

  System 400-c has a higher concentration than other collected components of the aerosol, and in some cases higher than the concentration of material in the bulk liquid phase from the aerosol collection chamber 310-e, water or One or more lower ports 430-b may be provided that can be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-e to allow removal of other liquids. Some embodiments may include one or more upper ports 435-b that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-e to allow removal of the collected aerosol components from the aerosol collection chamber 310-e. May be provided. The system 400-c may include one or more ports 440-b that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-e to allow for the induction of the aerosol into the aerosol collection chamber 310-e.

  Some embodiments of the system 400-c may comprise one or more meshes 440-k, 440-1 of solid material provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-e. The mesh 440 may be configured to increase the area of contact between the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase, and the material in the aerosol and bulk liquid phase is passed through. Some embodiments of the system 400-c include one or more baffles 445-i provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-e configured to increase the path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. 445-j. Some embodiments of the system 400-c may be configured to increase the area of contact between the material in the aerosol and bulk liquid phase, and the aerosol collection chamber 310 through which the material in the aerosol and bulk liquid phase is passed. A solid material mesh 440-k, 440-1 provided around a number of baffles 445-i, 445-j inside -e.

  Turning now to FIG. 4D, a system 400-d for aerosol capture is provided in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, system 400-d includes system 300-a of FIG. 3A, system 300-b of FIG. 3B, system 300-c of FIG. 3C, system 400-a of FIG. 4A, and system of FIG. 400-b and / or examples of aspects of system 400-c of FIG. 4C. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  The system 400-d passes the aerosol through material in the bulk liquid phase that may be provided within the aerosol collection chamber 410-f to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. An aerosol collection chamber 310-f may be provided. The collected aerosol component may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component in some cases. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of system 400-d, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include liquid hydrocarbons. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled in the aerosol collection chamber 310-f in some embodiments.

  Some embodiments of the system 400-d may comprise one or more augers 450 provided within the aerosol collection chamber 310-f to increase the path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. . The system 400-d may include one or more ports 440-c that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-f to allow aerosol guidance to the aerosol collection chamber 310-f. Other input and / or output ports (not shown) are also utilized as described with respect to system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system 400-b in FIG. 4B, and / or system 400-c in FIG. 4C. May be.

  Turning now to FIG. 4E, a system 400-e for aerosol capture is provided in accordance with various embodiments. In some embodiments, the system 400-e includes the system 300-a of FIG. 3A, the system 300-b of FIG. 3B, the system 300-c of FIG. 3C, the system 400-a of FIG. 4A, and the system of FIG. 400-b, an example of a side view of system 400-c of FIG. 4C and / or system 400-d of FIG. 4D. The particular components shown are intended to be merely illustrative. Some embodiments may include other components that may be used that are not necessarily shown. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  System 400-e passes aerosol through material in the bulk liquid phase that may be provided within aerosol collection chamber 310-g to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. An aerosol collection chamber 310-g may be provided. The collected aerosol component may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component in some cases. The collected aerosol component may comprise a hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of system 400-e, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include liquid hydrocarbons. The material in the bulk liquid phase may include water. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled in the aerosol collection chamber 410-g in some cases.

  System 400-e may include the length of one or more tubes in helical structure 455 containing material in the bulk liquid phase to increase the path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase. The system 400-e may include one or more ports 440-e that may be combined with the aerosol collection chamber 310-g to allow for the induction of the aerosol into the aerosol collection chamber 310-g. Other input and / or output ports (not shown) may also be utilized as described with respect to system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system 400-b in FIG. 4B, and / or system 400-c in FIG. 4C. It's okay.

  FIG. 5A provides an appearance of a flowchart of a method 500-a for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. The method 500-a includes, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. 1D, the system 100-e of FIG. System 200-a, system 200-d in FIG. 2B, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system in FIG. It may be implemented utilizing aspects of 400-b, system 400-c of FIG. 4C, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 5A, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, is intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. In some embodiments, manufacturing method 500-a may be referred to as direct manufacturing.

  At block 510, the carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound, or the material comprising the C—O—H compound, may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical. In order to generate or produce at least a hydrocarbon compound, the C—O—H compound may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius so that the C—O—H compound reacts through a non-oxidation reaction. In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The non-oxidation reaction may include a thermal decomposition reaction. The non-oxidation reaction may include a hydrous pyrolysis reaction. Some embodiments may include direct distillation of liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

  In some embodiments of method 500-a, the hydrocarbon compound produced via the non-oxidation reaction comprises a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound, at least when produced or cooled. Some embodiments may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase to collect the aerosol material. The material in the liquid phase may include a hydrocarbon fuel. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the material in the liquid phase may include passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through a mesh. In some cases, the hydrocarbon aerosol may include naphthalene.

  In some embodiments in method 500-a, the non-oxidation reaction may generate a hydrocarbon aerosol. Some embodiments may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol through a liquid fuel. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the liquid fuel may include passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through a mesh. This may help reduce the size of the hydrocarbon aerosol foam. In some cases, the hydrocarbon aerosol may include naphthalene.

  Some embodiments of the method 500-a may include mixing the liquid hydrocarbon fuel with at least another liquid fuel. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels and / or other liquid fuels may include, but are not limited to, at least gasoline, diesel, or aviation fuel. The C—O—H compound may include at least biomass. In some cases, the material comprising the C—O—H compound may be in the solid phase.

  In some embodiments of method 500-a, the C—O—H compound may have different residence times. For example, in some embodiments, the residence time may be at least 1 second, 10 seconds, 100 seconds, 300 seconds, and / or 1000 seconds. In some embodiments of method 500-a, the temperature may be at least 900 degrees Celsius or 1100 degrees Celsius in block 510.

  In some embodiments of method 500-a, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may have an energy content of at least 16,000 BTU / lb or 37,000 kJ / kg. In some cases, the energy content may be at least 20,000 BTU / lb or 46,000 kJ / kg.

  In some embodiments of Method 500-a, the C—O—H compound or the material comprising the C—O—H compound comprises at least a C—O—H compound mixed with water. Thus, the C—O—H compound may be mixed with at least water in some cases. Heating a C—O—H compound or a material containing a C—O—H compound can produce a hydrocarbon fuel at least in the liquid aerosol state or vapor state to produce the original C—O—H Water mixed with some water in the compound may comprise reacting with the C—O—H compound. Some embodiments of the method 500-a are designed to generate or produce a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical that may be at least in a liquid aerosol state or in a vapor state. Water mixed with some of the water in the H compound may include sending the C—O—H compound mixed with water to the reaction chamber before reacting with the C—O—H compound.

  Some embodiments of method 500-a may use C—O—H compounds, including wet C—O—H compounds, although C—O—H compounds may be dry in some cases. . Heating the C—O—H compound includes reacting with water that is part of the wet C—O—H compound of the C—O—H compound to produce a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. It's okay. Some embodiments of the method 500-a may include sending the C—O—H compound to the reaction chamber prior to heating the wet C—O—H compound.

  In some embodiments of method 500-a, the non-oxidation reaction is performed inside a tubular furnace. The tubular furnace may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. Some embodiments may include using an auger to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound into and through the tubular furnace. The material comprising the C—O—H compound may be in the solid phase in some cases. The auger may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal.

  Some embodiments of the method 500-a may use an auger that includes multiple different pitches between multiple blades, although some embodiments may use a single, uniform blade pitch. . The auger has at least a high nickel alloy to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C—O—H compound into and through the tubular furnace in a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal. A material configuration including a metal may be included. The material comprising the C—O—H compound may be in the solid phase in some cases.

  FIG. 5B provides an appearance of a flowchart of a method 500-b for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. The method 500-b includes, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. 1D, the system 100-e of FIG. System 200-a, system 200-d in FIG. 2B, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system in FIG. It may be implemented utilizing aspects of 400-b, system 400-c of FIG. 4C, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 5B, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. Method 500-b may be an example of method 500-b of FIG. 5A.

  At block 510-a, the biomass may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius such that the biomass reacts via a pyrolysis reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon aerosol or hydrocarbon chemical. At block 520, the hydrocarbon aerosol may be passed through the material in the liquid phase to collect the aerosol material. For example, the aerosol may be foamed through a hydrocarbon fuel to produce other liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In some cases, the mesh may be provided inside the liquid phase material, in some cases the aerosol may pass through.

  FIG. 5C provides an appearance of a flowchart of a method 500-c for direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. The method 500-c may include, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. 1D, the system 100-e of FIG. System 200-a, system 200-d in FIG. 2B, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system in FIG. It may be implemented utilizing aspects of 400-b, system 400-c of FIG. 4C, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 5C, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. Method 500-c may be an example of method 500-a of FIG. 5A.

  At block 505, the biomass may be mixed with water to produce wet biomass. At block 515, the wet biomass may be sent to the non-oxidation reaction chamber. In block 510-b, the wet biomass is heated so that the water mixed with the water in the original biomass reacts with the biomass to produce hydrocarbon fuel at least in a liquid aerosol state or vapor state. It's okay. At block 525, the hydrocarbon fuel may be distilled directly from the liquid aerosol state or vapor state. For example, hydrocarbon fuel may not operate through one or more catalysts in some cases.

  FIG. 5D provides an appearance of a flowchart of a method 500-d for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. The method 500-d includes, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1A, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. 1D, the system 200-a of FIG. System 200-d, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system 400-b in FIG. 4B, system in FIG. 400-c, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or may be implemented utilizing aspects of system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 5D, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. Method 500-d may be an example of a side view of method 500-a in FIG. 5A.

  At block 515-a, the auger may be used to provide at least continuous operation of biomass or solid waste to and through the tubular furnace. At block 510-c, at least the biomass or solid waste may be at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, and at least the biomass or solid waste is pyrolyzed to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound. May be heated in a tubular furnace to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius (some embodiments may use a temperature of at least 900 degrees Celsius or at least 1100 degrees Celsius). In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. At block 520-a, the generated hydrocarbon compound may be passed through a liquid to capture some aerosol of the generated hydrocarbon compound.

  In some embodiments of method 500-d, the tubular furnace may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel. The biomass may be in the solid phase in some cases. The auger may include a material configuration that may include at least a high nickel alloy metal, such as, for example, a high nickel alloy steel. An auger may include a number of different pitches between a number of blades, although some embodiments may use a single, uniform blade pitch.

  FIG. 5E provides an appearance of a flowchart of a method 500-e for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. The method 500-e includes, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1A, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. 1D, the system 100-e of FIG. System 200-a, system 200-d in FIG. 2B, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system in FIG. It may be implemented utilizing aspects of 400-b, system 400-c of FIG. 4C, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 5E, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. Method 500-e may be an example of a side view of method 500-a in FIG. 5A and / or method 500-e in FIG. 5E.

  At block 515-b, the auger may be used to provide continuous operation of the biomass into and through the tubular furnace. At block 510-d, the biomass may be at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, at least so that at least the biomass reacts via a pyrolysis reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound. It may be heated in a tubular furnace to a temperature of 800 degrees Celsius (some embodiments may use a temperature of at least 900 degrees Celsius or at least 1100 degrees Celsius). In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. At block 520-b, the generated hydrocarbon fuel may be collected in a liquid solvent chamber. At block 524-a, the collected liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be distilled.

  FIG. 5F provides an appearance of a flowchart of a method 500-F for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production or hydrocarbon chemical production, according to various embodiments. The method 500-g may include, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1A, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-d of FIG. 1D, the system 200-a of FIG. System 200-d, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system 400-b in FIG. 4B, system in FIG. 400-c, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or may be implemented utilizing aspects of system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 5F, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. Method 500-f may be an example of a side view of method 500-a in FIG. 5A.

  At block 510-e, the biomass may be at least a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical, at least so that at least the biomass reacts via a pyrolysis reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound. It may be heated in a tubular furnace to a temperature of 800 degrees Celsius (some embodiments may use a temperature of at least 900 degrees Celsius or at least 1100 degrees Celsius). In some cases, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. At block 520-c, the produced hydrocarbon fuel may be collected in a liquid solvent chamber. Some embodiments may include block 530, and electricity and / or heat may be generated using the hydrocarbon and / or hydrogen gas retained. Some embodiments may include a block 535 and the retained hydrocarbons and / or hydrogen gas may be captured and stored.

  FIG. 6A provides an appearance of a flowchart of an aerosol capture method 600-a, according to various embodiments. The method 600-a includes, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1A, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-c of FIG. 1D, the system 100-e of FIG. System 200-a, system 200-d in FIG. 2B, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system in FIG. It may be implemented utilizing aspects of 400-b, system 400-c of FIG. 4C, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 6A, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below.

  At block 610, the aerosol may be passed through the material in the bulk liquid phase to capture at least a portion of one or more components of the aerosol. In some embodiments, the captured aerosol component may include at least a liquid hydrocarbon component, which may include a hydrocarbon fuel. The captured aerosol component may include a hydrocarbon compound in some cases.

  In some embodiments of method 600-a, the material in the bulk liquid phase may include a liquid hydrocarbon. The material in the bulk liquid phase may contain water in some cases. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be temperature controlled.

  The material in the bulk liquid phase may be provided inside the helical tube configuration. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be provided inside the auger.

  Some embodiments of the method 600-a may include distilling the captured aerosol. The material in the bulk liquid phase may be augmented with all or part of the distilled trapped aerosol.

  In some embodiments of the method 600-a, passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase further causes the aerosol to pass through a mesh of solid material provided within the material in the bulk liquid phase. Including threading. In some embodiments, passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase is further associated with a number of baffles provided within the material in the bulk liquid phase through the material in the bulk liquid phase. Via aerosol. Passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase further allows the material in the bulk liquid phase to pass through a mesh of solid material provided around a number of baffles provided inside the material in the bulk liquid phase. Through the aerosol.

  Some embodiments of the method 600-a include removing water or other liquid with respect to the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase. In some embodiments, the water may not mix with the rest of the material in the bulk liquid phase. In some embodiments, the water may be gravimetrically separated from the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase and not be mixed.

  Some embodiments of the method 600-a may include generating an aerosol. The aerosol may comprise at least a hydrocarbon compound or a liquid hydrocarbon component. An aerosol comprising at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component may be produced from biomass. The hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component may comprise at least a hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical.

  FIG. 6B provides an appearance of a flowchart of an aerosol capture method 600-b, according to various embodiments. The method 600-b includes, for example, the system 100-a of FIG. 1A, the system 100-b of FIG. 1B, the system 100-c of FIG. 1C, the system 100-c of FIG. 1D, the system 100-e of FIG. System 200-a, system 200-d in FIG. 2B, system 300-a in FIG. 3A, system 300-b in FIG. 3B, system 300-c in FIG. 3C, system 400-a in FIG. 4A, system in FIG. It may be implemented utilizing aspects of 400-b, system 400-c of FIG. 4C, system 400-d of FIG. 4D, and / or system 400-e of FIG. 4E. In FIG. 6B, the particular selection of steps shown, and the order in which they are shown, are intended to be exemplary only. In accordance with different embodiments of the invention, certain steps may be performed in an alternate order, certain steps may be omitted, and certain additional steps may be added. Some, but not all, of these variations may be described below. The method 600-b may be an example of the side of 600-a in FIG. 6A.

  At block 605, a hydrocarbon aerosol may be generated. The hydrocarbon aerosol may be generated from biomass. At block 610-a, the hydrocarbon aerosol may be passed through the bulk liquid hydrocarbon to collect at least a portion of one or more components of the hydrocarbon aerosol. At block 615, the collected hydrocarbon aerosol component may be distilled. In some cases, bulk liquid hydrocarbons may be increased in all or a portion of the collected collected hydrocarbon aerosol components, as shown at block 620.

  Bulk liquid hydrocarbons may be provided within the helical tube configuration. Bulk liquid hydrocarbons may be provided inside the auger.

  In some embodiments of method 600-b, passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the bulk liquid hydrocarbon further includes passing the hydrocarbon through a mesh of solid material provided within the bulk liquid hydrocarbon. Including passing aerosol. In some embodiments, passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the bulk liquid hydrocarbon further relates to a number of baffles provided within the bulk liquid hydrocarbon with respect to the hydrocarbon aerosol through the bulk liquid hydrocarbon. May include threading. Passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the bulk liquid hydrocarbon is further via the bulk liquid hydrocarbon through a mesh of solid material provided around a number of baffles provided inside the bulk liquid hydrocarbon. Passing through a hydrocarbon aerosol may be included.

  Some embodiments of method 600-b may include removing water or other liquid with respect to the remainder of the bulk liquid hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the water may not mix with the remainder of the bulk liquid hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the water may be gravimetrically separated from the remainder of the bulk liquid hydrocarbon and may not be mixed.

Although detailed descriptions of one or more embodiments have been given above, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the different embodiments. Further, unless otherwise expressly specified or otherwise expressly noted, the features, devices, and / or components of different embodiments may be substituted and / or combined. It should be. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the different embodiments that may be defined in the appended claims.

Claims (102)

A method of direct liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical production comprising:
In order for the carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound to react via a non-oxidation reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound, at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or hydrocarbon chemical, Heating the C—O—H compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius.   The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.   2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-oxidation reaction includes a thermal decomposition reaction.   2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrothermal decomposition reaction.   The method of claim 1, further comprising directly distilling the liquid hydrocarbon fuel.   2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon compound produced through the non-oxidation reaction comprises a hydrocarbon aerosol form at least when the hydrocarbon compound is produced or cooled.   7. The method of claim 6, further comprising passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in a liquid phase to collect the aerosol material.   8. The method of claim 7, wherein the material in the liquid phase comprises a hydrocarbon fuel.   8. The method of claim 7, wherein passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through the material in the liquid phase comprises passing the hydrocarbon aerosol form through a mesh.   The method of claim 1, wherein the non-oxidation reaction further generates a hydrocarbon aerosol.   12. The method of claim 10, further comprising passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through liquid fuel.   12. The method of claim 11, wherein passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through the liquid fuel includes passing the hydrocarbon aerosol through a mesh.   The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of mixing the liquid hydrocarbon fuel with at least another liquid fuel.   The method of claim 1, wherein the C—O—H compound includes at least biomass.   The method of claim 1, wherein the C—O—H compound has a residence time of at least 1 second.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-oxidation reaction is performed inside a tubular furnace.   17. The method of claim 16, wherein the tubular furnace includes a material configuration comprising at least a high nickel alloy metal.   17. The method of claim 16, wherein an auger is used to provide continuous operation of the material containing the C-O-H compound into and through the tubular furnace, the method comprising: The method further includes the step of the material comprising a C—O—H compound being in a solid phase.   The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is at least 1100 degrees Celsius.   12. The method of claim 11, wherein the liquid fuel includes at least gasoline, diesel, or aviation fuel.   The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has an energy content of at least 16,000 BTU / lb or 37,000 kJ / kg.   The method of claim 1, wherein the C—O—H compound comprises a C—O—H compound mixed with at least water.   23. The method of claim 22, wherein the step of heating the C-O-H compound comprises at least the C-O-H compound with mixed water to produce the liquid hydrocarbon fuel or the chemical. Reacting some of the water with the C—O—H compound.   2. The method of claim 1, wherein the C—O—H compound comprises a wet C—O—H compound.   25. The method of claim 24, wherein water from the wet C-O-H compound is reacted with the C-O-H compound to produce at least the liquid hydrocarbon fuel or the hydrocarbon chemical. And further comprising heating the wet C—O—H compound.   26. The method of claim 25, further comprising the step of delivering the wet C—O—H compound to a reaction chamber prior to heating the wet C—O—H compound.   19. The method of claim 18, wherein the auger comprises a configuration comprising at least a high nickel alloy metal.   19. The method of claim 18, wherein the auger includes at least a single pitch between a plurality of blades or a number of different pitches between the plurality of blades.   The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of distilling the generated hydrocarbon compound.   The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of mixing the liquid hydrocarbon fuel with at least another liquid fuel. A system for the direct production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels or hydrocarbon chemicals,
A carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound is reacted via a non-oxidation reaction to produce at least a hydrocarbon compound that is at least a component of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel or the hydrocarbon chemical. And a non-oxidation reaction chamber configured to heat the C—O—H compound to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the non-oxidation reaction includes a pyrolysis reaction.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is liquid at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the non-oxidation reaction chamber comprises a tubular furnace.   35. The system of claim 34, wherein the tubular furnace includes a material configuration comprising at least a high nickel alloy metal.   35. The system of claim 34, further comprising an auger configured to provide continuous operation of the material comprising the C—O—H compound into and through the tubular furnace.   37. The system of claim 36, wherein the auger includes a material configuration that includes at least a high nickel alloy metal.   37. The system of claim 36, wherein the auger includes a number of different pitches between a plurality of blades.   37. The system of claim 36, wherein the auger includes a single pitch between a plurality of blades.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrothermal pyrolysis reaction.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the hydrocarbon compound produced by the non-oxidation reaction comprises at least an aerosol form of the hydrocarbon compound when produced or cooled.   42. The system of claim 41, wherein the aerosol form of the produced hydrocarbon compound is passed through a material in a liquid phase provided within a liquid solvent chamber to collect the aerosol form. And further comprising the liquid solvent chamber combined with the non-oxidation reaction chamber.   43. The system of claim 42, wherein the material in the liquid phase comprises a hydrocarbon fuel.   44. The system of claim 43, wherein the aerosol form of the hydrocarbon compound is passed through the material in the liquid phase provided within the liquid solvent chamber, and the carbonization is performed through a mesh. The apparatus further comprises the mesh provided within the liquid solvent chamber to include passing the aerosol form of hydrogen compounds.   32. The system of claim 31, further comprising a still configured to distill the produced hydrocarbon compound.   32. The system of claim 31, further comprising a mixing chamber configured to mix the produced liquid hydrocarbon fuel with at least another liquid fuel.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the C—O—H compound includes at least biomass.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the C—O—H compound has a residence time of at least 1 second.   49. The system of claim 48, wherein the residence time is at least 10 seconds.   50. The system of claim 49, wherein the residence time is at least 100 seconds.   51. The system of claim 50, wherein the residence time is at least 300 seconds.   52. The system of claim 51, wherein the residence time is at least 1000 seconds.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the temperature is at least 1100 degrees Celsius.   47. The system of claim 46, wherein the other liquid fuel includes at least gasoline, diesel, or aviation fuel.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon fuel has an energy content of at least 16,000 BTU / lb or 37,000 kJ / kg.   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the C—O—H compound comprises a C—O—H compound mixed with at least water.   57. The system of claim 56, wherein the non-oxidation reaction chamber configured to heat the C—O—H compound produces hydrocarbon fuel in one or both of a liquid aerosol and water vapor state. And configured to react some water in the original C—O—H compound with the C—O—H compound together with mixed water.   58. The system of claim 57, further comprising a conveyor configured to send the wet C—O—H compound to the non-oxidation reaction chamber prior to heating the wet C—O—H compound. .   32. The system of claim 31, wherein the non-oxidation reaction further generates a hydrocarbon aerosol.   60. The system of claim 59, further comprising a liquid fuel chamber combined with the non-oxidation reaction chamber such that the hydrocarbon aerosol passes through the liquid fuel provided within the liquid fuel chamber. A method for aerosol capture,
Passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase to collect at least a portion of the one or more components of the aerosol.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein a portion of the collected one or more aerosol components comprises at least a hydrocarbon compound.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the collected portion of the one or more aerosol components includes at least a liquid hydrocarbon component.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase comprises a liquid hydrocarbon.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase comprises water.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase is temperature controlled.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase is provided within a helical tube configuration.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase is provided inside an auger.   62. The method of claim 61, further comprising distilling the one or more collected aerosol components.   70. The method of claim 69, further comprising increasing the material in the bulk liquid phase along with all or a portion of the one or more distilled collected aerosol components.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the step of passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase passes the aerosol through a solid phase mesh provided within the material in the bulk liquid phase. Further includes.   62. The method of claim 61, wherein the step of passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase relates to the material in the bulk liquid phase with respect to a plurality of baffles provided within the material in the liquid phase. Further comprising passing the aerosol through the.   73. The method of claim 72, wherein the step of passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase includes the step of providing a solid solution provided around the plurality of baffles provided within the material in the bulk liquid phase. The method further comprises passing the aerosol through the material in the bulk liquid phase through a mesh of phase material.   62. The method of claim 61, further comprising removing water for the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase.   75. The method of claim 74, further comprising removing water with respect to the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase, wherein the water does not mix with the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase.   75. The method of claim 74, further comprising removing water with respect to the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase, wherein the water does not mix with the remainder of the material in the bulk liquid phase. It can be separated gravimetrically from the rest.   62. The method of claim 61, further comprising generating the aerosol.   78. The method of claim 77, wherein the aerosol includes at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component.   79. The method of claim 78, wherein the aerosol containing at least the hydrocarbon compound, or the component of the hydrocarbon, is produced from biomass.   65. The method of claim 64, wherein the liquid hydrocarbon comprises a hydrocarbon fuel.   79. The method of claim 78, wherein the hydrocarbon compound or the component of the liquid hydrocarbon comprises at least a hydrocarbon fuel.   79. The method of claim 78, wherein the hydrocarbon compound or the component of the liquid hydrocarbon comprises at least a hydrocarbon chemical. A system for aerosol capture,
In order to collect at least a portion of one or more aerosol components, said aerosol collection chamber is configured to pass the aerosol through material in a bulk liquid phase provided within the aerosol collection chamber.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein the collected portion of the one or more aerosol components includes at least a hydrocarbon compound.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein the collected portion of the one or more aerosol components includes at least a liquid hydrocarbon component.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase comprises a liquid hydrocarbon.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase comprises water.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein the material in the bulk liquid phase is temperature controlled.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein one or more lengths of tubes in a helical configuration comprising the material in the bulk liquid phase is increased to increase the flow path through the material in the bulk liquid phase. In addition.   84. The system of claim 83, further comprising one or more augers provided within the aerosol collection chamber to increase the flow path through the material in the bulk liquid phase.   84. The system of claim 83, further comprising one or more distillation systems combined with the aerosol collection chamber to distill all or part of the collected portion of the one or more aerosol components. Prepare.   92. The system of claim 91, wherein the aerosol is added to increase the material in the bulk liquid phase along with all or part of the distilled collected portion of the one or more aerosol components. It further comprises one or more couplers configured to combine one or more of the one or more distillers into the collection chamber.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein the mesh of solid material provided within the aerosol collection chamber is configured to increase the area of contact between the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase. And further comprising the aerosol and the material in the bulk liquid phase being passed through.   84. The system of claim 83, further comprising a plurality of baffles provided within the aerosol collection chamber configured to increase a path length through the material in the bulk liquid phase.   95. The system of claim 94, wherein the aerosol collection chamber is configured to increase the area of contact between the aerosol and the material in the liquid phase, through which the material in the aerosol and the liquid phase is passed. And a solid material mesh provided around a plurality of baffles inside the.   84. The system of claim 83, further comprising one or more ports combined with the aerosol collection chamber to allow removal of water from the collection chamber.   84. The system of claim 83, wherein one or more combined with the aerosol collection chamber to allow removal of at least a portion of the one or more collected aerosol components from the aerosol collection chamber. The port is further provided.   84. The system of claim 83, further comprising one or more aerosol generation chambers combined with the aerosol collection chamber.   99. The system of claim 98, wherein the one or more aerosol generation chambers comprises an aerosol generation chamber that generates at least a hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon component.   100. The system of claim 99, wherein the aerosol includes at least the components of the hydrocarbon compound or the liquid hydrocarbon and is produced from biomass.   100. The system of claim 99, wherein the component of the hydrocarbon compound or the liquid hydrocarbon includes at least a hydrocarbon fuel. 100. The system of claim 99, wherein the component of the hydrocarbon compound or liquid hydrocarbon includes at least a hydrocarbon compound.

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