JP2017204529A - Photovoltaic power generation module having snow-melting function, and building or vehicle with photovoltaic power generation module installed therein - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photovoltaic power generation module having a snow-melting function, which can efficiently and economically melt snow on a light-receiving face of the photovoltaic power generation module when snow is falling, and which enables the quick and economical installation of a heat generating part on the photovoltaic power generation module.SOLUTION: A photovoltaic power generation module comprises a heating unit layer 4 provided on a light-receiving side and/or a backside of a back sheet 3. The heating unit layer is provided by: 1) introducing, into an insulative substrate surface, a heating body with a heating part and an electrode pattern provided thereon, provided that the heating part and electrode pattern are formed by coating, impregnating and drying a conductive ink including a conductive material dispersed in solvent; or 2) forming, on a surface of the back sheet on the light-receiving face side and/or backside, a heating layer including a heating part and an electrode pattern which are formed by coating, impregnating and drying the conductive ink.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a solar power generation module having a snow melting function for preventing snow accumulation on a light receiving surface of the solar power generation module, and a construction or a vehicle in which the solar power generation module having such a snow melting function is installed.

  In order to prevent global warming, there is a growing interest in solar power generation that generates power using light energy centered on sunlight for the purpose of saving energy such as reducing the consumption of fossil fuels.

  A solar panel that performs solar power generation is usually composed of a plurality of solar power generation modules, and each solar power generation module has a plurality of solar power modules as shown in FIG. Battery cells are arranged and connected in series and parallel.

  As a solar power generation module, one having a structure disclosed in JP 2014-183289 A (Patent Document 1) is generally used. As shown in FIG. 7, the photovoltaic power generation module 201 is configured by laminating a surface protection member 207, a plurality of solar cells 202, and a back sheet 208 via a sealing material or the like. The plurality of solar battery cells 202 are connected by a conductive wire 203 to take out an electrical output.

  A solar panel composed of multiple photovoltaic modules is installed in a part where it is easy for sunlight to hit, and generates electricity inside the solar cell by the incidence of sunlight from the light receiving surface, and the light receiving surface side and back surface side Current is collected by an electrode disposed on the side opposite to the light receiving surface.

  When such a solar panel is installed in a snowfall and the light receiving surface is covered with snow, the sunlight incident on the solar cells is blocked, so that the power generation efficiency of the solar panel is lowered. Furthermore, when a solar panel is installed at a high place in a building such as a house or a building, it is troublesome and dangerous to perform snow removal work every time it snows.

  For this reason, a solar power generation module having a snow melting function has been proposed as a solar power generation module constituting the solar panel.

  In Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-126180 (Patent Document 2), as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, a heat generating sheet unit is provided on the back side of the photovoltaic power generation module unit 301 (opposite to the light receiving surface side). The solar power generation module 300 in which 350 is stacked is disclosed. In such a solar power generation module 300, the heat generating sheet unit 350 is disposed on the back side of the solar power generation module unit 301, and the solar power generation module Between the light receiving surface and the back surface of the unit 301, there is a rigid / thick film layer such as a tempered glass plate 323, a silicon solar cell 320, and a back sheet 332, so that it is difficult for heat to be transmitted. It is difficult to efficiently melt snow on the surface. Furthermore, the heat generating sheet unit 350 has a complicated structure in which the heat generating sheet 314 is sandwiched between two back sheets 331 and 332 via EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) films 311 and 312. Therefore, it is difficult to quickly and economically provide the heat generating sheet unit 350 that is a heat generating portion.

JP 2014-183289 A JP2015-126180A

  The present invention can provide a heating unit layer quickly and economically, can efficiently perform snow melting on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic power generation module, and can further extend the service life of the heating unit layer. Providing solar power generation modules with snow melting function and construction of houses, buildings, plastic houses, etc. with installed solar power generation modules with snow melting function, which can melt snow on the roof and / or rooftop efficiently It is an object of the present invention to provide goods and vehicles such as automobiles and trains.

  The applicant of the present invention first uses a dispersion liquid (hereinafter also simply referred to as “dispersion liquid”) in which conductive fine particles such as carbon nanotubes (hereinafter also referred to as “CNT”) are dispersed in a solvent as an insulating base material. A patent application was filed for a heating element obtained by applying and impregnating and then drying (Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-117499), and using such a dispersion as a conductive ink, By providing the heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side, the solar power generation module can be provided with a heat generating portion quickly and economically, and snow melting on the light receiving surface of the solar power generation module can be efficiently performed. Further, it has been found that providing the heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet can improve the durability and weather resistance of the heat generating unit layer. It is.

  In addition, the construction or vehicle in which the solar power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention is installed makes use of the features of the solar power generation module having such a snow melting function, and this is used for the roof of the construction or the vehicle. It can be installed on the rooftop and can efficiently melt snow on the roof and / or the rooftop.

  The photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention is obtained by applying, impregnating, and drying a conductive ink in which a conductive material is dispersed in a solvent on an insulating base material on a light receiving surface side and / or a back surface side of a back sheet. By providing the heat generating unit layer having the formed heat generating portion, the heat generating unit layer can be provided quickly and economically.

  Furthermore, by providing the heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet, it is possible to economically and efficiently remove the snow accumulation on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic power generation module, and the heat generating unit layer is disposed inside the solar power generating module. Since it can be incorporated as a layer, the durability and weather resistance of the heat generating unit layer can be improved, and the service life of the heat generating unit layer can be extended. Snow cover on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module can be removed economically and efficiently.

  Further, the construction or vehicle of the present invention is such that a solar power generation module having such a snow melting function is installed on the roof of a construction such as a house or building, the roof, or the roof of a vehicle such as an automobile or train. In addition, it is possible to efficiently melt snow on the roof and / or the roof, and the labor and burden of snow removal during snowfall can be greatly reduced.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of the heat-generating unit layer of the photovoltaic power generation module provided with the snow melting function of this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of the heat-generating unit layer of the photovoltaic power generation module provided with the snow melting function of this invention. It is a plane schematic diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of the heat generating unit layer of the photovoltaic power generation module provided with the snow melting function of this invention. It is a plane schematic diagram which shows 4th Embodiment of the heat-generating unit layer of the solar power generation module provided with the snow melting function of this invention. It is a plane schematic diagram which shows 5th Embodiment of the heat-generating unit layer of the solar power generation module provided with the snow melting function of this invention. It is the schematic diagram which looked at the silicon photovoltaic power generation module generally used and the photovoltaic cell which comprises this from the light-receiving surface side. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the silicon photovoltaic power generation module generally used of patent document 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the snow-melting solar cell panel of patent document 2.

Hereinafter, the photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention will be described in detail.
The feature of the photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention is that the heat generating part of the heat generating unit layer provided on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet is a conductive ink in which a conductive material is dispersed in a solvent. Is formed by coating, impregnating and drying. As described above, the heat generating unit layer can be provided quickly and economically by forming the heat generating portion using the conductive ink in which the conductive material is dispersed in the solvent.

  Furthermore, by providing the heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet, the light receiving surface can be heated and heated without going through the back sheet, so the snow accumulation on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module is removed economically and efficiently. In addition, since the heat generating unit layer can be incorporated as a layer inside the solar power generation module, the durability and weather resistance of the heat generating unit layer can be improved and the service life of the heat generating unit layer can be extended.

Furthermore, the heat generating unit layer can be provided quickly and economically by forming the heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet.
Further, by using conductive fine particles containing CNTs as conductive fine particles used for forming the heat generating portion of the heat generating unit layer, a high temperature state can be realized at a low voltage, and far infrared rays are radiated. It is possible to more efficiently melt snow on the light receiving surface of the module.
Furthermore, if a metal material is used together with CNT as the conductive material, the heat generating part can have a low volume resistivity and a high calorific value, so that the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module can be melted more efficiently. Can do.

O Formation of heat generating unit layer First, the heat generating unit layer of the present invention will be described.
The heat generating unit layer of the present invention comprises a heat generating element (hereinafter also referred to as “introduced heat generating element”) provided with a heat generating part and an electrode pattern on the surface of an insulating substrate, on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet. A heat generation layer (hereinafter also referred to as an “introduction heat generation layer”) may be newly introduced as a layer, and a heat generation portion and an electrode pattern may be formed on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet. A heat generation layer (hereinafter also referred to as “formation heat generation layer”) can be formed by forming a heat generation layer made of

As the introduction heating element, a heating element in which a heating part and an electrode pattern are provided on an insulating base material can be used, or a heating element sealed with a laminator or the like can be used.
When the formation heat generating layer is provided, it is used as it is when the surface of the back sheet on which the dispersion liquid is applied to form the heat generating portion is insulative, and when it is conductive, it is used after being subjected to insulation treatment.

  Furthermore, when the heat generating unit layer is provided on the light-receiving surface side of the back sheet, the heat generating unit layer can be incorporated as a layer inside the solar power generation module, thereby improving the durability and weather resistance of the heat generating unit layer, The service life of the heat generating unit layer can be extended.

  As the conductive material used for the heat generating portion, CNT, a metal-based material, a conductive polymer, or the like can be used alone or in combination. When CNT is used as the conductive material, a high temperature state can be realized at a low voltage, and far infrared rays are radiated, so that it is possible to more efficiently melt snow on the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic power generation module. Furthermore, if a metal material is used together with CNT as the conductive material, the heat generating part can have a low volume resistivity and a high calorific value, so that the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module can be melted more efficiently. Can do. The mixing ratio between the CNT and the conductive material such as a metal-based substance or a conductive polymer can be appropriately set according to the desired volume resistivity, heat generation amount, etc. of the heating element.

  As a characteristic structure, CNT has a tube-like structure having a diameter of several nanometers in which a sheet of graphite (graphene sheet) having a six-membered carbon array structure is wound in a cylindrical shape. The carbon six-membered ring arrangement structure in this graphene sheet includes an armchair structure, a zigzag structure, a chiral structure, and the like. The graphene sheet may be a sheet of graphite having a structure in which a carbon six-membered ring is combined with a five-membered ring or a seven-membered ring. As CNTs, in addition to single-walled CNTs composed of a single sheet-like graphite, multilayer CNTs in which a plurality of the above-mentioned cylindrical sheets are laminated in the direction perpendicular to the axis (including one or more CNTs having a smaller diameter inside the CNTs) Multi-walled CNTs), carbon nanocones having a single-walled CNT with a conical closed end, and CNTs containing fullerene inside are known. These CNTs can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Of these CNTs, multilayer CNTs are preferably used from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the CNTs themselves. Moreover, it is preferable to use a CNT having a tar content of 0.5% or less. It is preferable to use CNTs that are low in impurities such as tar because emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) can be reduced when the heat generating portion is formed or heated.

  Examples of metal substances include simple metals or alloys (eg, silver, gold, copper, chromium, nickel, iron, magnesium, aluminum, platinum, zinc, manganese, tungsten, stainless steel, etc.), but silver, gold, Metal-based substances containing metals such as copper and aluminum are preferable, and silver-based materials (for example, silver alone, silver-coated or plated copper) are particularly preferable.

  Examples of the conductive polymer include polyacetylene resins (for example, polyacetylene), polythiophene polymers (for example, polythiophene), polyphenylene polymers (for example, polyparaphenylene), and polypyrrole polymers (for example, Polypyrrole, etc.), polyaniline polymers (eg, polyaniline, etc.), and conductive polymers such as polyester resins modified with acrylic polymers. These organic conductive agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  As the conductive material, conductive fine particles can be suitably used, and the shape of the conductive fine particles is preferably a filament shape or a needle shape rather than a spherical shape. Specifically, acicular crystal-like silver fine particles, acicular crystal-like aluminum fine particles, acicular crystal-like nickel fine particles, nickel fine particles having a shape in which strands are three-dimensionally connected can be suitably used. . When filament-like or needle-like conductive fine particles are used, they are intertwined with CNTs in a linear form, so that a heating element having a uniform volume resistivity can be formed.

  As the conductive material, conductive fine particles can be suitably used, and the average particle size of the conductive fine particles can be appropriately selected from the range of about 10 nm to 100 μm, from the viewpoint of the mechanical characteristics and conductivity of the electrode, For example, it may be about 0.3 to 80 μm, preferably 0.5 to 50 μm, and more preferably about 1 to 40 μm.

  As a solvent (dispersion medium) for dispersing conductive fine particles such as CNT, for example, a conventional polar solvent (water, alcohols, amides, cyclic ethers, ketones, etc.), a conventional hydrophobic solvent (fat Aromatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic ketones, etc.), or a mixed solvent thereof. Of these solvents, water is preferably used from the viewpoint of simplicity and operability.

  The concentration of CNT in the dispersion is not particularly limited, but the content of CNT is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass with respect to the total mass of the dispersion, depending on the target electric resistance value, and more Preferably it can be 0.1-10 mass%. When the content of CNT is less than 0.1% by mass, it becomes difficult to obtain desired conductivity, and when it is 30% by mass or more, the CNT is bulky, so that the viscosity of the dispersion becomes high, Application and impregnation on the back sheet cannot be performed properly.

  The dispersion preferably contains a surfactant in order to stably disperse CNTs in a liquid medium such as water without agglomeration. The usage-amount of surfactant can be selected from the range of about 1-100 mass parts (especially 5-50 mass parts) of surfactant with respect to 100 mass parts of CNT, for example.

  As the surfactant, any of an amphoteric surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant can be used. Among these surfactants, a dispersion liquid is used. Anionic surfactants and cationic substances can be dispersed stably and finely in a dispersion medium such as water while preventing aggregation and bundle formation due to van der Waals forces between the CNTs. Either a combination with a surfactant or a zwitterionic surfactant alone is preferred, and a zwitterionic surfactant is particularly preferred.

  Zwitterionic surfactants include, for example, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitrylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, n-octylphosphorin Phosphatylcholine amphoteric surfactants such as choline, n-dodecylphosphocholine, n-tetradecylphosphocholine, n-hexadecylphosphocholine, 3- (N, N-dimethylstearylammonio) propanesulfonate, 3- ( N, N-dimethylmyristylammonio) propane sulfonate, 3-[(3-colamidopropyl) dimethylamino] propa Sulfobetaine-based amphoteric interfaces such as sulfonic acid, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -2-hydroxypropanesulfonate, n-hexadecyl-N, N′-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate An activator is mentioned. Other amphoteric surfactants include 3-[(3-colamidopropyl) dimethylamino] -2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid, and trade names such as Amphithol 20HD (manufactured by Kao Corporation). Surfactant, trade name: Amphitol 20BS, 24B, 86B (manufactured by Kao Corporation), Nissan Anon BDC-SF, BDF-R, BDF-SF, BDL-SF, BF, BL, BL-SF (Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd.) Carboxybetaine surfactants such as Amphithol 20AB and 55AB (manufactured by Kao Corporation), Amidobeta 20N (manufactured by Kao Corporation) as an amine oxide, and trade names Anhitoru 20YB (manufactured by Kao Corporation), Nissan Anon GLM-R, GLM R-LV (manufactured by NOF CORPORATION) imidazolium surfactants such as and the like.

  In particular, amphoteric surfactants containing amphoteric hydrophilic groups that are sulfobetaine skeletons, such as 3- (N, N-dimethylstearylammonio) propanesulfonate, 3- (N, N-dimethylmyristylammonio) propanesulfonate, It is preferable to use 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -2-hydroxypropanesulfonate, n-hexadecyl-N, N′-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, or the like.

  The content of the surfactant in the dispersion of the present invention is in the range of 0.001 to 50% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 30% by mass. . Thus, when the surfactant is less than 0.001% by mass, a desired dispersion state cannot be obtained. When the surfactant is 50% by mass or more, the effect of addition due to the increase cannot be expected so much.

  The dispersion may further contain conventional additives such as surface treatment agents (for example, coupling agents such as silane coupling agents), colorants (such as dyes and pigments), hue improvers, dye fixing agents, gloss imparting agents, Metal corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers (antioxidants, UV absorbers, etc.), dispersion stabilizers, thickeners or viscosity modifiers, thixotropic agents, leveling agents, antifoaming agents, bactericides, fillers, etc. May be included. These additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  As the back sheet of the present invention, fluororesin, polyester resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, vinyl chloride resin, phenol resin, polyurethane rigid foam, polycarbonate resin resin plate, stainless steel, titanium, aluminum metal plate, glass A single layer body or a laminate body made of a plate or the like can be used.

  In the present invention, the formation of the heat generating part on the insulating base material surface of the heat generating element, or the surface on the light receiving surface side and / or the surface on the back side (hereinafter also referred to as “heat generating part forming surface”) of the back sheet is, for example, The following steps can be performed.

  In order to uniformly disperse conductive fine particles such as CNTs in a solvent, a general disperser is used. For example, bead mill (Dynomill, Shinmaru Enterprise Co., Ltd.) TK Lab Disper, TK Philmix, TK Pipeline Mixer, TK Homomic Line Mill, TK Homo Jetter, TK Unimixer, TK Homomic Line Flow, TK Aji Homo Disper (Special Machine Industry Co., Ltd.), Homogenizer Polytron (Central Science Trade Co., Ltd.), Homogenizer Histron (Nihon Medical Science Equipment Co., Ltd.), Biomixer (Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), Examples include a turbo-type stirrer (Kodaira Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), Ultra Disper (Asada Steel Co., Ltd.), Ebara Mileser (Ebara Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), an ultrasonic device or an ultrasonic cleaner (As One Co., Ltd.) .

As a means for applying the dispersion liquid to the heat generating portion forming surface, a general coating means or printing means can be employed.
Examples of the coating means include a dropping method, a dipping method, an air spray coating, an airless spray coating, a low-pressure atomizing spray coating, a coating by a bar coder method, a coating using a spin coater, and the like. Examples of printing means include flexographic printing, offset printing, gravure printing, screen printing, ink jet printing, bar coater, spin coater, and the like. Of these application means, screen printing is preferable because the dispersion can be easily applied to a predetermined portion of the heating portion forming surface.

  The coating film can be dried at room temperature. In order to sufficiently dry the coating film, it is preferable to heat the drying temperature to 10 to 500 ° C, more preferably 50 to 250 ° C, and particularly preferably 70 to 100 ° C. If the drying temperature is less than 10 ° C, the drying may not proceed sufficiently. If the drying temperature exceeds 500 ° C, the insulating base material may be deformed. The drying time can be set arbitrarily depending on the area of the heat generating portion and the drying temperature.

  A heat storage material can be included in the dispersion so that the heat generated in the heat generating portion can be effectively used. The heat storage agent may be contained as it is, but it is preferable to contain it in a microcapsule. When a heat storage agent is contained in the heat generating part, the heat storage material can store excess heat that has been radiated from the heat generating part to the air in the energized state, and the heat storage material can dissipate the heat storage in the heat generating part in a resting state. preferable.

  In addition to the surfactant, the dispersion may further contain a hydrate (hydration stabilizer). The hydration stabilizer promotes the dissolution of the surfactant in a liquid medium such as water (water, etc.) in the dispersion used in the process of forming the heat generating part, and sufficiently exerts the surface active action. This contributes to maintaining the dispersed state until the CNT is fixed to the surface of the porous insulator.

  The type of hydration stabilizer may vary depending on the type of surfactant, the type of liquid medium (dispersion medium), etc., but when water is used as the liquid medium, for example, the nonionic surfactant (surfactant) As the agent, a nonionic surfactant), a hydrophilic compound (water-soluble compound), or the like can be used.

  Examples of hydrophilic compounds (water-soluble compounds) include polyhydric alcohols (glycerin, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, sucrose, etc.), polyalkylene glycol resins (polyethylene oxide, polypropylene). Poly C2-4 alkylene oxides such as oxide), polyvinyl resins (polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, etc.), water-soluble polysaccharides (such as carrageenan, alginic acid or salts), cellulose resins (such as methyl cellulose). Hydroxy C2-4 alkyl cellulose such as alkyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl Such as carboxy C1-3 alkyl cellulose or a salt thereof, such as cellulose), and water-soluble proteins (such as gelatin) may be exemplified.

These hydration stabilizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these hydration stabilizers, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin are widely used.
The ratio of the hydration stabilizer is, for example, 0.01 to 500 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 400 parts by mass, and more preferably about 10 to 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the surfactant.

O Arrangement of heat generation unit layer The heat generation unit layer of the present invention can be provided as an introduction heat generation layer as described above, or can be provided as a formation heat generation layer. The heat generating unit layer is preferable because it can be formed quickly and economically.

  In addition, the heat generating unit layer of the present invention can be provided on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet. However, when the heat generating unit layer is provided on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet, the heat generating unit layer is provided in the solar power generation module. It is preferable because it can be incorporated as an internal layer, can improve the durability and weather resistance of the heat generating unit layer, and can extend the service life of the heat generating unit layer.

  Further, when the heat generating unit layer is provided on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet, the heat generating unit layer can be provided over the entire surface of the back sheet, and heat generation such as being provided at a place other than the portion where the solar cells are arranged. The unit layer pattern can also be designed. As the heat generating layer that can be suitably used when the heat generating unit layer is provided over the entire surface on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet, one surface of the sheet heating element 10 as shown in FIG. Alternatively, a heat generating unit layer in which a pair of comb-shaped electrodes of the electrode 7 and the electrode 8 is provided on both surfaces can be given.

A case where the heat generating unit layer is provided in a portion other than the portion where the solar cells on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet are disposed will be described below with reference to FIG.
The solar power generation module usually includes a plurality of solar cells 202, a surface protection member 207 on the light receiving surface side of the plurality of solar cells 202, and a back sheet 208 on the back side of the plurality of solar cells 202. , Sealed with a sealing material such as EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), and the sealing process is performed in order from the bottom to the top sheet 208, a sealing material film, and a plurality of solar cells 202. The sealing material film and the surface protection member 207 are laminated, and this laminate is heated and pressurized.

  In the present invention, the “location other than the portion where the solar cells of the backsheet are arranged” means that when a plurality of solar cells 202 and the backsheet 208 are laminated via a sealing material film in the sealing step. Furthermore, when this is seen from the perpendicular direction on the light-receiving surface side, it means a portion of the back sheet 208 that does not overlap with the plurality of solar cells 202.

  As a method for providing the heat generating unit layer in a portion other than the portion where the solar cells of the back sheet are disposed, the vertical direction (direction connected in series) or the horizontal direction (connected in series) of the plurality of solar cells 202 is used. It is preferable to provide a plurality of parallel strip-like heating elements at the location of the back sheet 208 corresponding to the gap between the solar cells 202 existing in the direction orthogonal to the formed direction. Such a heating unit layer having a plurality of parallel strip-like heating elements will be described in detail later. As shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. A heating unit layer having a plurality of parallel strip-like heating elements 11 to be connected can be suitably used.

1st Embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation module provided with the snow melting function of this invention is shown in FIG. 1, and 2nd Embodiment is shown in FIG.
The first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a photovoltaic power generation module in which a plurality of solar cells 1 are arranged between a transparent surface protection member 2 and a back sheet 3 and these are sealed with a sealing material 5. The heating unit layer 4 is provided over the entire light receiving surface side of the back sheet 3. In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, photovoltaic power generation in which a plurality of solar cells 1 are arranged between a transparent surface protection member 2 and a back sheet 3 and these are sealed with a sealing material 5. In the module, the heat generating unit layer 4 is provided at a location on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet 3 other than the portion where the solar cells 1 are disposed.

  The solar power generation module of the second embodiment is not provided on the back side of the solar battery cell 1 where the heat generating unit layer 4 is difficult to transfer heat compared to the solar power generation module of the first embodiment. Snow on the light receiving surface of the module can be removed economically and efficiently. Furthermore, since the temperature rise of the solar battery cell caused by the heat generation of the heat generating unit layer can be suppressed to a low level, a decrease in the power generation amount of the solar battery cell accompanying the temperature rise can be suppressed to a low level, which is preferable.

O Structure of heat generating unit layer Next, the structure of the heat generating unit layer of the present invention will be described.
When forming the heat generating unit layer of the solar power generation module of the present invention, as described above, the surface on which the heat generating portion is formed (the surface of the insulating substrate in the case of the introduced heat generating layer, in the case of the formed heat generating layer) On the light receiving surface side and / or back surface side of the back sheet, a conductive ink in which a conductive material is dispersed in a solvent is applied, impregnated and dried to form a heat generating portion, and a current is supplied to the heat generating portion. An electrode pattern to be supplied is formed.

  The electrode pattern can be formed using a known means such as a means for printing / drying a general electrode material such as a silver paste, a means for attaching a conductive tape such as a copper tape to a heat generating part, The latter electrode pattern forming means is preferable because heating for drying as in the former is unnecessary and the heat generating portion forming surface is not deformed by heat.

The structure of the heat generating unit layer that can be suitably used in the solar power generation module of the present invention will be described below.
In the third embodiment of the heat generation unit layer shown in FIG. 3, the heat generation unit layer 9 is provided on one or both sides of the planar heat generating portion 10 and the planar heat generating portion 10. The surface of the insulating base material 6 (in the case of the introduced heat generation layer, the surface of the insulating base material, in the case of the formed heat generation layer, the surface on the light receiving surface side and / or the surface on the back surface side) In addition, a dispersion in which conductive fine particles are dispersed in a solvent is applied, impregnated, and dried to form the planar heating portion 10, and a means for printing and drying a general electrode material such as silver paste, a copper tape, etc. A pair of comb-shaped electrodes 7 and 8 are provided by a known means such as a means for attaching a conductive tape to a heat generating portion.

  One set of comb-shaped electrodes can be provided only on one surface of the planar heat generating portion 10, or the comb-shaped electrodes 7 and 8 can be provided on different surfaces. When a pair of comb-shaped electrodes 7 and 8 are provided only on one side of the sheet heating portion 10, the teeth of the comb-shaped electrodes that serve as the electrodes 7 and the teeth of the comb-shaped electrodes that serve as the electrodes 8 are alternately arranged. When a pair of comb-shaped electrodes are provided on different surfaces of the planar heat generating portion 10, they may be alternately shifted in a zigzag manner on both surfaces, but they may be aligned without shifting.

  When the distance between the teeth of the comb-shaped electrode serving as the electrode 7 and the teeth of the comb-shaped electrode serving as the electrode 8 is reduced, the resistance value decreases and the amount of current flowing increases, so that the amount of heat generation can be increased. On the contrary, when these distances are increased, the resistance value increases and the amount of flowing current decreases, so that the amount of heat generation can be reduced. Thus, by adjusting the distance between the electrodes, the heat generation amount of the heat generating part can be partially adjusted.

Although the resistance value between electrodes is not specifically limited, For example, 100 ohms or less are suitable, 80 ohms or less are more suitable, and 20-60 ohms or less are still more suitable.
4 and 5, the fourth and fifth embodiments of the heat generating unit layer of the photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention are configured so that the heat generating unit layer 9 includes a pair of electrodes and the pair of electrodes. A plurality of parallel strip-like heating elements 11 connected to each other, and the surface of the insulating base 6 (the surface of the insulating base in the case of the introduction heat generation layer, the back sheet in the case of the formation heat generation layer) The surface of the light receiving surface side and / or the surface on the back side) is coated, impregnated and dried with a conductive ink in which a conductive material is dispersed in a solvent to form a thin belt-like heating element 11 and a silver paste or the like. A pair of electrodes 7 and 8 are provided by a known means such as a means for printing / drying a simple electrode material and a means for adhering a conductive tape such as a copper tape to a heat generating portion.

  In view of the efficiency of forming the heat generating part and the ease of adjusting the resistance value of the heat generating part, the pair of electrodes 7 and 8 are preferably arranged in parallel. Furthermore, it is preferable that the plurality of parallel strip-like heating elements 11 are arranged perpendicularly to the electrodes 7 and 8 so as to be parallel to each other, and the widths of the respective strip-like heating elements 11 are the same. Is preferred.

As for the installation order of the strip-shaped heating element 11 and the pair of electrodes 7, 8, the strip-shaped heating element 11 may be formed after the pair of electrodes 7, 8 is provided, or the strip-shaped heating element 11 is formed. A pair of electrodes 7 and 8 may be provided later, or the pair of electrodes and the strip-like heating element 11 may be installed substantially simultaneously, but an overlapping portion is provided between the two in order to securely connect them. It is necessary.
The plurality of strip-like heating elements 11 are usually extended from one electrode 7 or 8 so as to be connected to the other electrode 8 or 7 as in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. Can be arranged. Further, when it is necessary to lengthen each strip-like heating element 11, it extends from one electrode 7 or 8 and approaches the other electrode 8 or 7 side as in the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. It is also possible to arrange so as to return once to the one electrode 7 or 8 side later and to approach the other electrode 8 or 7 side again to be connected to the other electrode 8 or 7.

〇Solar power generation module with snow melting function The solar power generation module with snow melting function of the present invention seals (packing) the entire solar power generation module with a resin film in the same manner as a normal solar power generation module. Therefore, air tightness and liquid tightness can be improved. As a method of sealing with a resin film, for example, a method of covering the light receiving surface side and the back surface side of the photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention with a resin film and thermally fusing the side portions can be used. .

  The photovoltaic power generation module having a snow melting function of the present invention is a method of applying a conductive ink in which a conductive material is dispersed in a solvent to a heat generating portion of a heat generating unit layer provided on a light receiving surface side and / or a back surface side of a back sheet. By forming by impregnation and drying, the heat generating unit layer can be provided quickly and economically.

  Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention is provided with a heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side of the back sheet, so that the light receiving surface can be heated and heated without using the back sheet. Snow cover on the light receiving surface of the module can be removed economically and efficiently. Furthermore, since the heat generating unit layer can be incorporated as a layer inside the photovoltaic module, the durability and weather resistance of the heat generating unit layer It is excellent in that it can improve the service life of the heat generating unit layer.

  Furthermore, in the photovoltaic power generation module having the snow melting function of the present invention, the heat generating unit layer can be quickly and economically provided by forming the heat generating unit layer on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet. It is an excellent one.

Further, by using conductive fine particles containing CNTs as conductive fine particles used for forming the heat generating portion of the heat generating unit layer, a high temperature state can be realized at a low voltage, and far infrared rays are radiated. It is possible to more efficiently melt snow on the light receiving surface of the module.
Furthermore, if a metal material is used together with CNT as the conductive material, the heat generating part can have a low volume resistivity and a high calorific value, so that the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic module can be melted more efficiently. Can do.

〇Construction / vehicle equipped with solar power generation module with snow melting function The construction or vehicle of the present invention can be used on the roof of a building such as a house or a building, on the roof, or on the roof of a vehicle such as an automobile or train. A solar power generation module having a snow melting function is installed, snow can be efficiently melted on the roof and / or roof, and the labor and burden of snow removal during snowfall can be greatly reduced.

  The performance of the heat generating part formed by applying, impregnating and drying the conductive ink provided on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet in the present invention is shown below as reference examples and reference comparative examples. Is specifically described using a planar heat generating part obtained by applying, impregnating, and drying a dispersion on an insulating substrate, but the heat generating part according to the present invention is not limited to these.

[Reference Example 1]
A zwitterionic surfactant, carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)] and nano-sized silver particles (particle size: 20 to 60 nm) are blended in deionized water, and uniformly dispersed with a disperser to be amphoteric ions. A dispersion having a surfactant content of 0.1 mass%, a carbon nanotube content of 4.2 mass%, and a nano-sized silver particle content of 0.1 mass% was obtained.

This dispersion was uniformly applied to one side of a commercially available A4 size copy paper (210 mm × 297 mm) by screen printing (application amount 50 g / m ² ) and dried to produce a planar heating element.

  When the positive electrode and the negative electrode were respectively provided over the entire two short sides of the A4 size sheet heating element thus obtained, the interelectrode resistance of the sheet heating element was measured. The interelectrode resistance value was 28Ω.

[Reference Example 2]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the content of the nano-sized silver particles in the dispersion was 0.2% by mass.
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 29Ω.

[Reference Example 3]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, except that nanosized zinc oxide particles (particle diameter: 20 to 50 nm) were used instead of the nanosized silver particles.
The inter-electrode resistance value of this planar heating element was 34Ω.

[Reference Example 4]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 2 except that nanosized zinc oxide particles (particle diameter: 20 to 50 nm) were used instead of the nanosized silver particles.
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 32Ω.

[Reference Comparative Example 1]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that nanosized silver particles (particle diameter: 20 to 60 nm) were not blended.
The inter-electrode resistance value of this planar heating element was 69Ω.

[Reference Example 5]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that carbon nanotube [FT9000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The inter-electrode resistance value of this planar heating element was 52Ω.

[Reference Example 6]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 2, except that carbon nanotube [FT9000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 51Ω.

[Reference Example 7]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 3 except that carbon nanotube [FT9000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The inter-electrode resistance value of this planar heating element was 54Ω.

[Reference Example 8]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 4, except that carbon nanotube [FT9000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 55Ω.

[Reference Comparative Example 2]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 5 except that nano-sized silver particles (particle diameter: 20 to 60 nm) were not blended.
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 101Ω.

[Reference Example 9]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that carbon nanotube [FT7000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 38Ω.

[Reference Example 10]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 2 except that carbon nanotube [FT7000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 39Ω.

[Reference Example 11]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 3 except that carbon nanotube [FT7000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The inter-electrode resistance value of this planar heating element was 42Ω.

[Reference Example 12]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 4 except that carbon nanotube [FT7000 (CNano Technology)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 41Ω.

[Reference Comparative Example 3]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 9 except that nano-sized silver particles (particle diameter: 20 to 60 nm) were not blended.
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 77Ω.

[Reference Example 13]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 1, except that the carbon nanotube [NC7000 (manufactured by Nanosil)] was used instead of the carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 31Ω.

[Reference Example 14]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 2, except that carbon nanotube [NC7000 (manufactured by Nanosil)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 32Ω.

[Reference Example 15]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 3 except that carbon nanotube [NC7000 (manufactured by Nanosil)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 37Ω.

[Reference Example 16]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 4 except that carbon nanotube [NC7000 (manufactured by Nanosil)] was used instead of carbon nanotube [C100 (manufactured by Arkema)].
The resistance value between the electrodes of this planar heating element was 35Ω.

[Reference Comparative Example 4]
A planar heating element was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 13 except that nanosized silver particles (particle diameter: 20 to 60 nm) were not blended.
The inter-electrode resistance of this planar heating element was 71Ω.

  The results of Reference Examples 1 to 16 and Reference Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are summarized and shown in Tables 1 to 4.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell 2 Transparent surface protection member 3 Back sheet 4 Heat generating unit layer 5 Sealing material 6 Insulating base material 7 Electrode 8 Electrode 9 Heat generating unit layer 10 Planar heat generating part 11 Narrow strip heating element 201 Solar power generation module 202 Sun Battery cell 203 Conductive wire 207 Surface protection member 208 Back sheet 300 Photovoltaic module 301 Photovoltaic module unit 311, 312 EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) film 314 Heat generating sheet 320 Silicon solar cell 323 Tempered glass plate 331 332 Back sheet 350 Heat generating sheet unit

Claims (6)

In a photovoltaic module in which a plurality of solar cells are arranged between a transparent surface protection member and a back sheet, and these are sealed with a sealing material,
A heat generating unit layer is provided on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet,
The heating unit layer 1) introduces a heating element provided with a heating part and an electrode pattern on the surface of the insulating base, or 2) generates heat on the light receiving surface side and / or the back surface side of the back sheet. Forming a heat generating layer consisting of a portion and an electrode pattern,
The solar power generation module having a snow melting function, wherein the heat generating portion of the heat generating unit layer is formed by applying, impregnating and drying a conductive ink in which a conductive material is dispersed in a solvent. .   The snow melting unit according to claim 1, wherein the heat generating unit layer is provided by forming a heat generating layer including a heat generating portion and an electrode pattern on a light receiving surface side surface of the back sheet. Solar power generation module with functions.   The photovoltaic module having a snow melting function according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive material contains carbon nanotubes.   The snow-melting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat-generating unit layer includes a pair of electrodes and a plurality of parallel strip-shaped heating elements that connect the pair of electrodes. Solar power generation module with functions.   The construction which installed the photovoltaic power generation module provided with the snow melting function in any one of Claims 1-4 on the roof and / or the rooftop.   The vehicle which installed the photovoltaic power generation module provided with the snow melting function in any one of Claims 1-4 in the roof.

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