JP2017176975A - Binary fluid spray system, control device for binary fluid spray system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a binary fluid spray system which can easily set change of spray characteristic.SOLUTION: A binary fluid spray system which sprays fogs obtained by a binary fluid nozzle 1 comprises a control device by which nozzle characteristic of the binary fluid nozzle, which includes at least one of a flow rate and a pressure of a fluid supplied to the binary fluid nozzle and at least one of a flow rate and a pressure of a gas supplied to the binary fluid nozzle, is previously measured, the measured nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory by an input unit, at least two points between which spray flow rates of the liquid are different are selected from the nozzle characteristic stored in the memory, an operational expression concerning the pressure or the spray flow rate of the gas or the liquid according to the spray flow rate of the liquid is determined from information on the nozzle characteristic read from the memory, and the pressure or the flow rate of the gas or the liquid can be outputted from the determined operational expression as a command value for a regulator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a two-fluid spray system and a control device for the two-fluid spray system.

  As a conventional two-fluid spray system, air and pure water are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure of air and pure water supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to the command value obtained from the pressure regulator. However, there are some which humidify the indoor space by supplying the two-fluid spray particles obtained by the two-fluid nozzle to the indoor space.

JP 2007-139403 A JP 2001-56135 A JP 2003-80125 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-46835

  In the conventional two-fluid spray system described above, the number of nozzles, the arrangement method, the spray direction, and the amount of mist to be sprayed are determined at the time of introduction according to the application conditions such as the wind speed of the introduction destination, the size of the space, temperature and humidity, and the amount of spray. How to change the air pressure and water pressure with respect to the output value of proportional control based on the characteristics table of the nozzle prepared in advance, considering the properties of the mist such as liquid flow rate, gas-liquid ratio, particle size, etc. After examination, the function multiplier was calculated and set in the apparatus.

  In this conventional two-fluid spray system, spraying is actually performed based on the plan, and when the characteristics of the mist are too rough or too fine to change, the function multiplier is calculated and set again based on the nozzle characteristics table. It was time consuming and not practical.

  The present embodiment has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a two-fluid spray system and a control device for a two-fluid spray system that can easily set a change in spray characteristics. And

In the first embodiment, gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure and flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. In the two-fluid spray system for spraying the mist obtained by the two-fluid nozzle onto the target,
The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. The measured nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory by an input device, one of the arbitrary characteristics stored in the memory is selected, and the gas pressure applied to the two-fluid nozzle from the selected nozzle characteristic or It is a two-fluid spray system provided with a control device that determines a flow rate and a target value of the pressure or flow rate of the liquid and changes the target value to a control target value of the adjusting device.

The figure for demonstrating schematic structure of the two fluid spraying system of embodiment. The figure which expands and shows the pressure setting screen of the controller of FIG. The figure which shows the nozzle characteristic table | surface which is the result actually measured beforehand. The figure which shows only the spray flow volume of FIG. 3, a spray water pressure, and an air pressure. The figure for demonstrating the function of the calculating part of the controller of FIG. 1, Comprising: The figure which shows the relationship between the spray flow volume, an air pressure, and the spray water pressure.

  In the first embodiment, a control device described below, for example, a controller with a touch panel (a control device for a two-fluid spray system) 10 is provided in a conventional two-fluid spray system. As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional two-fluid spray system supplies a gas such as compressed air 3 and a fluid such as pure water 2 to the two-fluid nozzle 1, and a compressed air 3 and pure water 2 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1. Can be proportionally controlled in accordance with a command value obtained from the adjustment device, for example, the electropneumatic regulator 41 for air and the electropneumatic regulator 40 for pure water, for example, the pressure command value, and can be obtained by the two-fluid nozzle 1. The mist is sprayed on the target.

  In FIG. 1, the two-fluid nozzle 1 and each supply source are supplied so that a liquid such as pure water 2 from a liquid supply source (not shown) and a gas such as compressed air 3 from a gas supply source (not shown) can be supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1. A pipe for connecting the water supply path 5 and the air supply path 8 is disposed therebetween.

  An air electropneumatic regulator 41 is provided between the air supply path 8 and the two-fluid nozzle 1. A supply tank 32 and a pressure tank 31 are disposed between the water supply path 5 and the air supply path 8, respectively.

  A water electro-pneumatic regulator 40 is provided in the pipe between the air supply path 8 and the pressure tank 31. The electropneumatic regulator 40 controls the pressure of water in the pressure tank 31 to 400 kPa, for example, or gives an open or close command to an exhaust valve EXT provided in a water exhaust system (not shown).

  The pressures of the compressed air 3 and pure water 2 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 are proportionally controlled according to command values from the electropneumatic regulator 41 and the electropneumatic regulator 40.

  A water supply valve 33 and a check valve 34 are provided between the water supply path 5 and the supply tank 32, and a check valve 42 is provided between the supply tank 32 and the pressure tank 31 in the water supply path 5. It is provided. A three-way valve 39 is provided in a pipe connecting the air supply path 5 and the supply tank 32.

  A high liquid level sensor (H) 7 and a low liquid level sensor (L) 6 are provided in the pressure tank 31 and the supply tank 32, respectively. Based on these measured values, pure water is contained in the supply tank 32 in advance. When the water 2 is replenished and the pure water 2 becomes full in the supply tank 32, the supply of pure water is automatically stopped, and when the pure water in the pressure tank 31 decreases, the pure water in the supply tank 32 2 is automatically transferred.

  The controller 10 with a touch panel is a two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the pure water 2 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the compressed air 3 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1. One nozzle characteristic is measured in advance under a plurality of conditions, the measured nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory (not shown) by an input device such as a touch switch, and one of the arbitrary characteristics stored in the memory is selected by a touch switch. From the selected nozzle characteristics, the target value of the pressure or flow rate of the compressed air 3 and the pressure or flow rate of the pure water 2 applied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 is determined, and this target value is set as the control target value of the electropneumatic regulators 41 and 40 To change.

  The controller 10 with a touch panel includes a memory table (not shown) that stores a nozzle characteristic table measured in advance as shown in FIG. 3 and a calculation means (not shown), and an air pressure (Pa) that is the pressure of the compressed air 3 of the two-fluid nozzle 1. The spray water pressure (Pw) which is the pressure of the pure water 2, the spray flow rate (Qw) of the pure water 2, the air flow rate (Qa) of the compressed air 3, or the air pressure (Pa) of the two-fluid nozzle 1 measured in advance, the spray water pressure Based on (Pw) and the spray flow rate (Qw), the air pressure (Pa) and spray water pressure (Pw) of the compressed air 3 and pure water 2 applied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 are calculated, and the calculation results are electropneumatic regulators 41, 40. The control target value is changed.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a pressure pattern setting screen of the controller 11 of FIG. 1, and a high-side spray water pressure setting device, a low-side spray water pressure setting device, a high-side spray flow rate setting device, and a low-side spray flow rate. And a setting device.

  The high-side spray water pressure setting device has a display unit 20 that displays the currently set high-side spray water pressure Pw, for example, 300, an ascending button 12 that increases the value displayed on the display unit 20, and a display on the display unit 20. The lowering button 13 is used to decrease the measured value. Similarly, the setting device for low-side spray water pressure has a display unit 21, an up button 16, and a down button 17.

  The high-side spray flow rate setting device includes, for example, a display unit 22 that displays the currently set high-side spray flow rate Qw, for example, 50 in FIG. 5, and an up button 14 that increases the value displayed on the display unit 22; The lowering button 15 for decreasing the value displayed on the display unit 22 is provided.

Similarly, the low-side spray water pressure setting device has a display unit 23, an up button 18, and a down button 19.

  Low-side spray flow rate setting device, high-side spray flow rate setting device, low-side spray flow rate setting device, and characteristic evaluation factors such as the average particle size (SMD) of the current mist on the high-side and low-side values Display units 52 and 53 for displaying, a return button 25 used for returning to the previous display, a display unit 26 for displaying the command value MV, and a confirm button 27 for confirming the displayed value, And a cancel button 28 for canceling the current display.

  The high-side spray water pressure setting device has a display unit 20, an up button 12, and a down button 13. The low-side spray water pressure setting device has a display unit 21, an up button 16, and a down button 17. The high-side spray flow rate setting device has a display unit 22, an up button 14, and a down button 15. The low-side spray water pressure setting device has a display unit 23, an up button 18, and a down button 19.

  In addition to this, the calculation means (not shown) selects at least two points with different spray flow rates of the pure water 2 as shown in FIG. 5 from the nozzle characteristics stored in the memory as described above. From the nozzle characteristic information read from the memory, a calculation formula for the spray flow rate (Qw), the pressure of the compressed air 3 and the pure water 2 corresponding to the spray flow rate, or a spray flow rate, for example, a primary formula, is obtained. The pressure (Pa), (Pw) of the compressed air 3 gas and the pure water 2 or the spray flow rate (Qw) can be output as a command value of the electropneumatic regulators 40 and 41.

  In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the spray flow rate and the vertical axis represents the air pressure, and the pre-measured high value and the low value are connected. For example, the horizontal axis represents the spray flow rate and the vertical axis represents the spray water pressure and air pressure. There is a connection between a pre-measured high value and a low value.

  Since the control device described above is provided, it is very easy to change the pressure setting pattern of the electropneumatic regulators 40 and 41, and every time the condition of the object to be sprayed is changed as in the conventional two-fluid spray system. It is much better to examine and set the pressure pattern each time.

  In the present embodiment, a change in spray characteristics can be easily set by calculating a function for calculating the spray pressure by selecting a plurality of characteristics from a nozzle characteristic table as shown in FIG. It becomes possible.

  In the third embodiment, the above-described control device is as follows. That is, in addition to at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the pure water 2 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the compressed air 3 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1, the flow rate or pressure of pure water 2 And at least one of a value not used for control in the flow rate and pressure of the compressed air 3 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1, an average particle size of the mist, an evaporation distance of the mist, and an evaporation time of the mist The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle 1 including the above are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions, the measured nozzle characteristics are stored in a memory (not shown) by an input device (not shown), and at least one of the plurality of arbitrary nozzle characteristics stored in the memory is stored. From the selected nozzle characteristics, target values for the pressure or flow rate of the compressed air 3 and the pressure or flow rate of the pure water 2 to be applied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 are determined, and the nozzle characteristics are selected. When the selected nozzle characteristics are evaluated, the flow rate or pressure of pure water 2 and the flow rate or pressure of compressed air 3 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 are not used for control, and the average of fog It has a function of displaying at least one of the particle size, the fog evaporation distance, and the fog evaporation time, and displaying the characteristic information of the selected fog.

  In the fourth embodiment, the above-described control device is configured as follows. That is, the number of the two-fluid nozzles 1 can be set, and the spray amount of the entire system can be calculated based on this setting.

  In the fifth embodiment, the above-described control device is configured as follows. That is, the control device calculates an assumed spray amount based on the spray amount of the entire system, and can determine the soundness of the two-fluid nozzle 1 or the entire system from the assumed spray amount.

  In the sixth embodiment, the above-described control device is configured as follows. That is, the control device is provided in a tank, for example, a pressure tank 31 for storing pure water 2 supplied to the two-fluid nozzle 1 based on the calculated assumed spray amount, and a sensor L for measuring the lower limit liquid level of the pure water 2 is provided. It has a function of determining that it is not fixed and is not sprayed with pure water 2.

In the seventh embodiment, gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure and flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. , Used in a two-fluid spray system for spraying a mist obtained by the two-fluid nozzle onto a target,
The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. The measured nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory by an input device, one of the arbitrary characteristics stored in the memory is selected, and the gas pressure applied to the two-fluid nozzle from the selected nozzle characteristic or It is a control device for a two-fluid spray system that determines a flow rate and a target value of liquid pressure or flow rate and outputs the target value as a control target value of the adjusting device.

  The eighth embodiment is used in a two-fluid spray system that sprays a mist obtained by a two-fluid nozzle on a target as in the seventh embodiment, and at least the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are used. The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including one and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance, and the measured nozzle characteristics are stored in a memory by an input device and stored in the memory. From the stored nozzle characteristics, at least two types of conditions with different spray flow rates of the liquid are selected, and the gas and liquid pressures or the spray flow rates according to the spray flow rates from the nozzle characteristic information read from the memory The two-fluid spray system that outputs the pressure and flow rate of gas and liquid as the command value of the adjusting device from the calculated equation It is a use control device.

  The ninth embodiment is used in a two-fluid spray system that sprays a mist obtained by a two-fluid nozzle on a target as in the seventh embodiment, and at least the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are used. In addition to at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, the flow rate or pressure of the liquid and the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are used for control. The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the above-mentioned values, the average particle diameter of the mist, the evaporation distance of the mist, and the evaporation time of the mist, and measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. A nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory by an input device, at least one of a plurality of nozzle characteristics stored in the memory is selected, and the selected nozzle characteristic is applied to the two-fluid nozzle. A target value of the pressure or flow rate of the gas and the pressure or flow rate of the liquid, and when selecting the nozzle characteristics, the flow rate or pressure of the liquid and the two Of the flow rate or pressure of the gas supplied to the fluid nozzle, at least one of a value not used for control, the average particle diameter of the mist, the evaporation distance of the mist, and the evaporation time of the mist is displayed. A control device for a two-fluid spray system having a function of displaying characteristic information of a selected mist.

  Embodiment 10 is a control device for a two-fluid spray system in which the number of the two-fluid nozzles can be set and the spray amount of the entire system can be calculated based on this setting.

  In the eleventh embodiment, an assumed spray amount is calculated based on the spray amount of the entire system, and the soundness of the two-fluid nozzle or the entire system can be determined from the assumed spray amount. This is a system control device.

  The twelfth embodiment is arranged in a tank for storing the liquid to be supplied to the two-fluid nozzle based on the calculated assumed spray amount, and a sensor for measuring the lower limit liquid level of the liquid is fixed to spray the liquid. This is a control device for a two-fluid spray system having a function of determining that it is not in a state.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Two-fluid nozzle, 2 ... Pure water, 3 ... Compressed air, 5 ... Water flow path, 6 ... Lower limit water level meter, 7 ... Upper limit water level meter, 8 ... Air flow path, 10 ... Controller with a touch panel, 11 ... Touch panel, 12 , 14, 16, 18 ... ascending button, 13, 15, 17, 19 ... descending button, ... controller, 20 ... setting device, 21 ... setting device, 22 ... setting device, 23 ... setting device, 24 ... invalid button, 25 ... Back button, 26 ... Display, 27 ... Confirm button, 28 ... Cancel button, 31 ... Pressure tank, 32 ... Supply tank, 33 ... Water supply valve, 34, 42 ... Check valve, 39 ... Three-way valve, 40 ... electro-pneumatic regulator for water, 41 ... electro-pneumatic regulator for air, 52 ... display section, 53 ... display section.

Claims (12)

The gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure or flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. In a two-fluid spray system that sprays the mist obtained by
The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. The measured nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory by an input device, one of the arbitrary characteristics stored in the memory is selected, and the gas pressure applied to the two-fluid nozzle from the selected nozzle characteristic or A two-fluid spray system provided with a control device that determines a flow rate and a target value of a liquid pressure or flow rate and changes the target value to a control target value of the adjusting device. The gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure or flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. In a two-fluid spray system that sprays the mist obtained by
The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. The measured nozzle characteristics are stored in a memory by an input device, and at least two types of conditions with different liquid spray flow rates are selected from the nozzle characteristics stored in the memory, and the nozzles read from the memory are selected. Control capable of obtaining the gas and liquid pressure or the spray flow rate calculation formula corresponding to the spray flow rate from the characteristic information, and outputting the gas and liquid pressure or flow rate as the command value of the adjusting device from the calculated formula A two-fluid spray system with a device. The gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure or flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. In a two-fluid spray system that sprays the mist obtained by
In addition to at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, the flow rate or pressure of the liquid and the two-fluid nozzle A two-fluid nozzle including at least one of a value not used for control in the flow rate and pressure of gas supplied to the mist, the average particle diameter of the mist, the evaporation distance of the mist, and the evaporation time of the mist The nozzle characteristics are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions, the measured nozzle characteristics are stored in a memory by an input device, and at least one of the plurality of arbitrary nozzle characteristics stored in the memory is selected and the selected The target value of the gas pressure or flow rate and the liquid pressure or flow rate applied to the two-fluid nozzle is determined from the nozzle characteristics, and is selected when selecting the nozzle characteristics. As evaluation elements of the nozzle characteristics, the flow rate or pressure of the liquid, the flow rate or pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, a value not used for control, the average particle size of the mist, and the evaporation of the mist A two-fluid spray system having a function of displaying at least one of the distance and the evaporation time of the mist and displaying characteristic information of the selected mist.   The two-fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control device can set the number of the two-fluid nozzles and can calculate the spray amount of the entire system based on the setting. Spraying system.   The control device calculates an assumed spray amount based on the spray amount of the entire system, and can determine the soundness of the two-fluid nozzle or the entire system from the assumed spray amount. The two-fluid spray system according to claim 3.   The control device is disposed in a tank for storing liquid to be supplied to the two-fluid nozzle based on the calculated assumed spray amount, and a sensor for measuring a lower limit liquid level of the liquid is fixed to spray the liquid. The two-fluid spray system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a function of determining that no state is present. The gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure or flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. Used in a two-fluid spray system for spraying a mist obtained by
The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. The measured nozzle characteristic is stored in a memory by an input device, one of the arbitrary characteristics stored in the memory is selected, and the gas pressure applied to the two-fluid nozzle from the selected nozzle characteristic or A control device for a two-fluid spray system, which sets a flow rate and a target value of a liquid pressure or flow rate and outputs the target value as a control target value of the adjusting device. The gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure or flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. Used in a two-fluid spray system for spraying a mist obtained by
The nozzle characteristics of the two-fluid nozzle including at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions. The measured nozzle characteristics are stored in a memory by an input device, and at least two types of conditions with different liquid spray flow rates are selected from the nozzle characteristics stored in the memory, and the nozzles read from the memory are selected. The gas and liquid pressure or the spray flow rate calculation formula corresponding to the spray flow rate is obtained from the characteristic information, and the gas and liquid pressure or flow rate is output from the calculated calculation formula as a command value of the adjusting device. Control device for two-fluid spray system. The gas and fluid are supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, and the pressure or flow rate of the gas and fluid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle can be proportionally controlled according to command values obtained from the adjusting device, respectively. A two-fluid spray system for spraying the mist obtained by
In addition to at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the liquid supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and at least one of the flow rate and pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, the flow rate or pressure of the liquid and the two-fluid nozzle A two-fluid nozzle including at least one of a value not used for control in the flow rate and pressure of gas supplied to the mist, the average particle diameter of the mist, the evaporation distance of the mist, and the evaporation time of the mist The nozzle characteristics are measured in advance under a plurality of conditions, the measured nozzle characteristics are stored in a memory by an input device, and at least one of the plurality of arbitrary nozzle characteristics stored in the memory is selected and the selected The target value of the gas pressure or flow rate and the liquid pressure or flow rate applied to the two-fluid nozzle is determined from the nozzle characteristics, and is selected when selecting the nozzle characteristics. As evaluation elements of the nozzle characteristics, the flow rate or pressure of the liquid, the flow rate or pressure of the gas supplied to the two-fluid nozzle, a value not used for control, the average particle size of the mist, and the evaporation of the mist A control device for a two-fluid spray system having a function of displaying at least one of a distance and the evaporation time of the mist and displaying characteristic information of the selected mist.   The control for a two-fluid spray system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the number of the two-fluid nozzles can be set, and the spray amount of the entire system can be calculated based on the setting. apparatus.   The estimated spray amount is calculated based on the spray amount of the entire system, and the soundness of the two-fluid nozzle or the entire system can be determined from the assumed spray amount. The control device for a two-fluid spray system according to one aspect.   Based on the calculated assumed spray amount, a sensor that is disposed in a tank that stores liquid to be supplied to the two-fluid nozzle and measures a lower limit liquid level of the liquid is fixed, and the liquid is not sprayed. The control device for a two-fluid spray system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising a function of determining whether or not it is present.

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