JP2017169310A - Stator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a stator capable of uniformizing distance between stator coils wound around each of teeth adjacent to each other.SOLUTION: A stator 1 includes: an annular stator core 10 which is arranged at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction and has a plurality of teeth 202 extending inward in the radial direction; and a stator winding 30 made of a flat wire wound around the teeth 202. The tooth 202 is formed in a tapered shape in which a cross sectional area of the tip becomes smaller than that of a base end part. The stator winding 30 is spirally wound along the axial direction of the tooth 202 while having a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the plane orthogonal to an axis of the tooth 202.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a stator used for an electric motor.

  In recent years, hybrid vehicles (HEV) that can effectively improve the fuel consumption rate (fuel consumption) of a vehicle by using an engine and an electric motor in combination have been widely put into practical use. In addition, an electric vehicle (EV) that uses only an electric motor as a power source and does not discharge exhaust gas has been put into practical use.

  In such hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, for example, a small and highly efficient permanent magnet type synchronous motor (PM synchronous motor) is suitably used. The permanent magnet type synchronous motor is a rotating field type electric motor in which a permanent magnet (Permanent Magnet) is built in a rotor (rotor) and an armature winding (stator winding) is provided in a stator (stator).

  Here, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique (stator winding) for improving the space factor of the stator winding (the ratio of the conductor cross-sectional area to the coil cross-sectional area). More specifically, this stator winding is a stator winding in which rectangular wires are intensively wound in a plurality of rows and a plurality of layers for each of a plurality of teeth arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator. Each of a plurality of rows along the radial direction of the stator includes a spiral coil portion wound in a spiral shape so that a flat wire forms a plurality of layers, and the plurality of spiral coil portions form a plurality of rows. Are arranged along the radial direction of the stator.

  In the stator winding of this configuration, for example, by switching the flat wire to the adjacent row only in the connecting portion that connects the spiral coil portions adjacent in the row direction, for example, the flat wire is wound in multiple rows and multiple layers. Thus, it is possible to prevent replacement parts from being formed in each layer of the stator winding. This prevents the cumulative amount of deformation of the rectangular wire that increases with the number of replacements of the rectangular wire and the winding length per unit turn from excessively increasing, and the stator winding space factor. Has improved.

JP 2005-102477 A

  However, in the configuration of the stator winding described above, the distance between the stator windings wound around each adjacent tooth (insulation distance / interphase distance) is made uniform (or substantially uniform) along the axial direction of the teeth. Is difficult. Here, since the insulation characteristic of the stator winding is usually determined based on the shortest distance, there is a possibility that the specification is over-specificated at a location where the distance is long. That is, an extra insulation distance may occur.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a stator capable of making the distance between the stator windings wound around adjacent teeth more uniform. To do.

  A stator according to the present invention includes an annular stator core having a plurality of teeth arranged at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction and extending radially inward, and a stator winding wound around the teeth. The teeth are tapered so that the cross-sectional area of the tip end portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the base end portion, and the stator winding has a predetermined inclination angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to the tooth axis. It is characterized by being wound spirally along the axial direction of the teeth.

  According to the stator according to the present invention, the teeth are formed in a tapered shape so that the cross-sectional area of the distal end portion (one end portion) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the base end portion (the other end portion), The stator winding is wound spirally along the axial direction of the teeth while having a predetermined inclination angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axial line of the teeth. Therefore, winding is performed so that the convex portions and the convex portions of the stator windings wound around the adjacent teeth are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the teeth (that is, the phases thereof are shifted). can do. As a result, the distance between the stator windings wound around the adjacent teeth can be made more uniform without increasing. As a result, the shortest insulation distance can be increased, or the space factor of the stator winding can be improved.

  Further, in the stator according to the present invention, a stepped step is formed on the outer surface of the tooth along the axial direction of the tooth, and is formed on both side surfaces when viewed in a cross section along the axial direction. It is preferable that the position of the stepped step is offset with respect to the axial direction.

  In this case, a stepped step is formed on the outer surface along the axial direction of the teeth, and when viewed in a cross section along the axial direction, the position of the stepped step formed on both side surfaces is It is offset with respect to the axial direction. That is, a stepped step is spirally formed on the outer surface of the tooth. Therefore, by winding the stator winding in accordance with the step, the convex portions and the convex portions of the stator windings wound around the adjacent teeth are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the teeth. (So that the phases are shifted from each other).

  In particular, in the stator according to the present invention, when the stator winding is formed of a flat wire and viewed in a cross section passing through the axis of each adjacent tooth, the corner portion of each flat wire wound around each adjacent tooth. And the corners are preferably arranged alternately along the axial direction of the teeth.

  In this case, when the stator winding is a flat wire and viewed in a cross section passing through the axis of each adjacent tooth (that is, viewed from the direction of the central axis of the stator core), each wound around each adjacent tooth Corners and corners of the flat wire (stator winding) are arranged alternately (that is, out of phase with each other) along the axial direction of the teeth. Therefore, it becomes possible to make the distance between the stator windings (between the rectangular wires) wound around the adjacent teeth more uniform without increasing the distance.

  In particular, in the stator according to the present invention, it is preferable that the taper angle of the teeth formed in a tapered shape is set so that the distance between the rectangular wires wound around the adjacent teeth is substantially constant.

  In this case, the taper angle of the teeth is set so that the distance between the rectangular wires wound between the adjacent teeth (between the stator windings) is substantially constant. This can be further improved.

  Further, in the stator according to the present invention, the predetermined inclination angle may be set to an angle at which the rectangular wire wound spirally can be wound without a gap depending on the thickness of the rectangular wire. preferable.

  In this case, since the predetermined inclination angle is set to an angle at which the rectangular wire wound spirally can be wound without gaps in accordance with the thickness of the rectangular wire, The rate can be further improved.

  In the stator according to the present invention, the n-th layer (where n is a natural number) rectangular wire wound around the teeth is wound from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the teeth, and the n + 1-th layer rectangular wire is It is preferable that the teeth are wound from the distal end side to the proximal end side.

  In this way, for example, when the layers are changed, the rectangular wires can be aligned and wound continuously without performing oblique hanging or the like.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to make the distance between the stator windings wound around the adjacent teeth more uniform.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure (principal part) of the stator which concerns on embodiment. It is the figure which expanded and showed the slot part of FIG. It is a figure which shows the stator coil | winding (comparative example) at the time of winding, without providing a predetermined inclination angle (namely, perpendicular | vertical with respect to the axis line of teeth).

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the same reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding parts in the drawings, unless otherwise required. Moreover, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same element and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  First, the configuration of the stator 1 according to the embodiment will be described using FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 together. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure (main part) of a stator according to an embodiment. 2 is an enlarged view of the slot portion (rectangular portion in FIG. 1) in FIG.

  The stator 1 is a concentrated winding stator using a rectangular wire having a substantially rectangular cross section. For example, a rotor (rotor) including a permanent magnet (permanent magnet) and disposed inside the stator 1 is provided. It is preferably used in a permanent magnet type synchronous motor (PM synchronous motor) having a not shown).

  The stator 1 mainly includes an annular (cylindrical) stator core 10 having a plurality of teeth 202 and a stator winding 30 wound around each of the teeth 202.

  The stator core 10 is configured in an annular shape (cylindrical shape), for example, by arranging a plurality of (for example, twelve) stator segments (divided cores) 20 in the circumferential direction of the stator 1. Each stator segment 20 includes an arcuate yoke 201 extending in the circumferential direction of the stator core 10 and a plurality of teeth 202 projecting inward in the radial direction of the stator core 10. In addition, each stator segment 20 is configured by laminating electromagnetic steel plates having directivity such as silicon steel plates.

  By being configured as described above, the stator core 10 is provided with a plurality of teeth 202 extending radially inward at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction. The teeth 202 are formed over the entire inner circumference of the stator core 10, but only two stator segments 20 (the teeth 202) are shown in FIG.

  The teeth 202 are formed so as to show a substantially rectangular (or circular) cross-sectional shape when cut by a plane perpendicular to the radial direction of the stator core 10 (the axis of the teeth 202). Further, the tooth 202 has a cross-sectional area (or a diameter) of a base end part (the other end part) of a cross-sectional area (or a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the tooth 202) of the tip part (one end part). It is formed in a tapered shape so as to be smaller than. Here, the taper angle (θ1 in FIG. 1) of the tapered teeth 202 is the distance between the stator windings 30 (between the rectangular wires) wound around the adjacent teeth 202 (details will be described later). ) Is preferably set to be substantially constant.

  Further, the teeth 202 have stepped steps (guide protrusions) on the outer surface along the axial direction, and the steps formed on both side surfaces when viewed in a cross section along the axial direction. The position of the step (that is, the winding position) is offset with respect to the axial direction (that is, the radial direction of the stator core 10) (a phase difference is provided). That is, a stepped step is spirally formed on the outer surface of the tooth 202. In addition, it is preferable to set the said level | step difference (guide convex part) according to the dimension of a flat wire, winding shape, etc., for example.

  A stator winding (stator winding) 30 is wound around the side surface of the tooth 202. The stator winding (stator winding) 30 is a winding in which a highly conductive wire such as copper is covered with an insulating material such as enamel. In the present embodiment, a so-called flat wire having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape in the short direction is wound around each tooth 202 by concentrated winding to form the stator winding 30. That is, the stator 1 according to the present embodiment is a so-called salient pole concentrated winding split stator.

  More specifically, the stator winding 30 has a rectangular wire spiral along the axial direction of the teeth 202 while having a predetermined inclination angle (θ2 in FIG. 1) with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis of the teeth 202. It is formed by being wound into a shape. Here, it is preferable that the predetermined inclination angle is set to an angle at which the rectangular wire wound spirally can be wound without a gap in accordance with the thickness of the rectangular wire.

  Therefore, when the stator winding 30 is viewed in a cross section passing through the axis of each adjacent tooth 202 (that is, when viewed from the central axis direction of the stator core 10), each of the stator windings 30 wound around each adjacent tooth 202. Corner portions (convex portions) and corner portions (convex portions) of the flat wire (the stator winding 30) are wound alternately along the axial direction of the teeth 202, that is, so as to be out of phase with each other.

  When the rectangular wire (stator winding 30) is wound around the teeth 202, the n-th layer (where n is a natural number) rectangular wire wound around the teeth 202 is the tip from the base end side of the teeth 202. The rectangular wire of the (n + 1) th layer is wound from the distal end side of the teeth 202 to the proximal end side. In this way, a multi-layer winding is performed so that the rectangular wires are stacked over a plurality of stages on the outer periphery of the teeth 202 to form a rectangular multi-layer coil (in the example of FIG. 1, a rectangular two-layer coil). In FIG. 1 (FIG. 2), the numbers “1” to “20” attached to the cross section of the stator winding 30 (flat wire) indicate the order in which the stator winding 30 is wound around the teeth 202. Show.

  Here, an insulator made of an insulating material may be interposed between the teeth 202 (stator core 10) and the stator winding 30. In this case, the teeth 202 themselves may be provided with a stepped step on the outer surface of the insulator without providing the stepped step. That is, in such a case, the term “teeth” described in the claims is used to include an insulator.

  By being configured as described above, when the stator winding 30 is viewed in a cross section passing through the axis of each of the adjacent teeth 202 (that is, when viewed from the central axis direction of the stator core 10), each of the adjacent teeth 202 is provided. The corners and the corners of each rectangular wire (stator winding 30) wound around are wound in a staggered manner along the axial direction of the teeth 202, that is, so as to be out of phase with each other. Therefore, the distance between the rectangular wires wound between the adjacent teeth 202 (between the stator windings 30) becomes more uniform. Further, the shortest insulation distance can be increased, or the space factor of the stator winding 30 can be improved.

  Here, when the teeth are cylindrical as in the conventional stator, the distance (interphase distance / insulation distance) between the stator windings (between the rectangular wires) wound around the adjacent teeth is calculated as follows. It is difficult to make uniform (or substantially uniform) along the axial direction. In particular, when the teeth are cylindrical, the above-mentioned distance is different between the distal end side and the proximal end side of the teeth, resulting in an extra insulation distance.

  In order to solve such a problem, an example in which the teeth are formed in a tapered shape is shown in FIG. Here, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a stator winding (comparative example) when wound perpendicularly to the tooth axis without providing the above-described predetermined inclination angle. As shown in the comparative example of FIG. 3, the insulation distance (interphase distance) cannot be made uniform to a sufficient extent only by making the teeth tapered. That is, since the opposing rectangular wires have the same phase, the convex portion and the convex portion, the concave portion and the concave portion of the stator winding 30 (rectangular wire) face each other, and the insulating distance is short at the portion where the convex portion and the convex portion face each other. The insulation distance becomes longer at the location where the recess and the recess face each other. That is, the insulation distance is not sufficiently uniform. Therefore, when it is going to take the insulation distance of the location where a convex part and a convex part oppose large, the space factor of the stator winding 30 falls.

  On the other hand, according to the stator 1 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, by forming the teeth 202 in a tapered shape and winding the stator winding 30 in a spiral shape, The insulation distance becomes more uniform. That is, the insulation distance (distance between phases) becomes more uniform by arranging the convex portions and concave portions of the stator winding 30 (flat wire) to face each other. As a result, the insulation distance can be further increased, or the space factor of the stator winding 30 can be improved.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the teeth 202 are formed in a tapered shape so that the cross-sectional area (or diameter) of the distal end portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area (or diameter) of the proximal end portion. In addition, the stator winding 30 (flat wire) is wound spirally along the axial direction while having a predetermined inclination angle with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the teeth 202. Therefore, the corners and corners of the flat wire wound around the adjacent teeth 202 (stator winding 30) are arranged alternately (so that the phases are shifted from each other) along the axial direction of the teeth 202. be able to. As a result, the distance (insulation distance / interphase distance) between the rectangular wires wound between the adjacent teeth 202 (between the stator windings 30) can be made more uniform without increasing. As a result, the shortest insulation distance can be increased, or the space factor of the stator winding can be improved.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, stepped steps are formed on the outer surface of the teeth 202 along the axial direction of the teeth 202, and are formed on both side surfaces when viewed in a cross section along the axial direction. The position of the stepped step (that is, the winding position) is offset with respect to the axial direction of the tooth 202 (that is, the stepped step is spirally formed on the outer surface of the tooth 202). . Therefore, by winding a rectangular wire in accordance with the stepped step, each corner and corner of the rectangular wire (stator winding 30) wound around the adjacent teeth 202 are connected to the axis of the teeth 202. It is possible to arrange them alternately along the direction, that is, out of phase with each other.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the taper angle of the teeth 202 is set so that the distance between the rectangular wires wound between the adjacent teeth 202 (between the stator windings 30) is substantially constant. Further, the space factor of the stator winding 30 can be further improved.

  Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, the predetermined inclination angle is set to an angle at which the rectangular wire wound spirally can be wound without a gap depending on the thickness of the rectangular wire. The space factor of the stator winding 30 can be further increased.

  According to the present embodiment, the rectangular wire of the nth layer (where n is a natural number) wound around the teeth 202 is wound from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the teeth 202, and the rectangular wire of the (n + 1) th layer is The teeth 202 are wound from the distal end side to the proximal end side. Therefore, for example, when changing the layers, the rectangular wires can be aligned and continuously wound without performing oblique hanging or the like.

  Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the above embodiment, the stator 1 is applied to a permanent magnet type synchronous motor (PM synchronous motor). However, the stator 1 can be applied to other types of electric motors (electric motors) such as an induction motor (IM motor). Can also be applied.

  Further, for example, the number, shape, size, and the like of the steps formed in the teeth 202, and the size and winding shape of the starter winding 30 (flat wire) can be arbitrarily set. Is not limited.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stator 10 Stator core 20 Stator segment 201 Yoke 202 Teeth 30 Stator winding (flat wire)

Claims (6)

An annular stator core having a plurality of teeth arranged at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction and extending radially inward;
A stator winding wound around the teeth,
The teeth are formed in a tapered shape so that the cross-sectional area of the distal end portion is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the proximal end portion,
The stator winding is spirally wound along the axial direction of the teeth while having a predetermined inclination angle with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axial line of the teeth.   The tooth has a stepped step formed on the outer surface along the axial direction of the tooth, and the stepped step formed on both side surfaces when viewed in a cross section along the axial direction. The stator according to claim 1, wherein the position is offset with respect to the axial direction.   The stator winding is a rectangular wire, and when viewed in a cross section passing through the axis of each of the adjacent teeth, the corners and corners of each of the rectangular wires wound around each of the adjacent teeth are The stator according to claim 1, wherein the stator is arranged alternately along the axial direction of the teeth.   4. The stator according to claim 3, wherein a taper angle of the teeth formed in a tapered shape is set such that a distance between rectangular wires wound around adjacent teeth is substantially constant. 5. .   The said predetermined inclination angle is set to the angle which can wind the said rectangular wire wound helically without gap according to the thickness of the said rectangular wire. The stator according to 4. The rectangular wire of the nth layer (where n is a natural number) wound around the teeth is wound from the proximal end side to the distal end side of the teeth, and the rectangular wire of the (n + 1) th layer is derived from the distal end side of the teeth. The stator according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the stator is wound toward an end side.

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