JP2017153475A - Agricultural house, and plant cultivation method using the agricultural house - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an agricultural house and a plant cultivation method using the house which are capable of cultivating plants economically and efficiently, cultivating plants even in a dry region or the like, and preventing quality degradation due to condensation such as color change and deterioration.SOLUTION: There is provided an agricultural house 1 utilizing sunlight in which a skylight 5 provided for a ceiling part is closed during daytime, and the skylight 5 is opened during nighttime, and the house comprises: COfeeding means 2 for feeding carbon dioxide into the house; heat ray shielding means 3; and dehumidifying and cooling means 4 for cooling the inside of the agricultural house 1. The heat ray shielding means 3 is a heat ray-reflecting film having average transmittance 80% or more of light having the wavelength of 400 to 700nm, average reflectance 70% or more of light having the wavelength of 800 to 1200nm, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the film at a predetermined gap. The skylight 5 is closed during daytime to adjust carbon dioxide concentration, and the skylight 5 is opened during nighttime to control temperature. At least during daytime, the temperature inside the agricultural house 1 is controlled to 35°C or lower, carbon dioxide concentration is controlled to 500 to 1500 ppm, and humidity deficit is controlled to 4 g/mor lower.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural house that uses sunlight, in which the skylight is closed during the day and the skylight is opened at night, and a plant cultivation method using the agricultural house.

  Growing plants using an agricultural house is widely performed because an enclosed space can be controlled to create an optimum environment for plant growth, increasing the yield of plants and improving quality. In particular, in recent years, various researches have been conducted on efficient cultivation methods of plants using agricultural houses due to the problem of food crisis accompanying population growth.

As shown in the following formula (1), the photosynthesis of plants is a reaction that generates oxygen gas and carbohydrates from carbon dioxide absorbed from the air and water absorbed from the ground, etc., using light energy as a driving source. In order to cultivate plants in large quantities and economically, it is preferable to use sunlight rather than artificial light.
_{6CO 2 + 6H 2 O → 6O} 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 (1)

  In an agricultural house that uses sunlight, the sunlight raises the temperature in the agricultural house together with light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “visible light”) that is used for photosynthesis of plants. It includes light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “heat rays”), and it is necessary to block the heat rays in order to prevent a temperature rise in the agricultural house. This is because when the temperature in the agricultural house rises due to heat rays, labor and costs are required for ventilation, dehumidification cooling, etc. in order to maintain a temperature suitable for plant growth (hereinafter referred to as “appropriate temperature”).

  Further, as can be seen from the above formula (1), by maintaining the carbon dioxide gas concentration high, the photosynthesis can be actively performed to promote the growth of the plant. In the cultivation of plants in an agricultural house using sunlight, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose that the growth of plants is promoted by maintaining a high carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural house.

  On the other hand, during the day when photosynthesis is actively performed, the temperature in the agricultural house rises due to sunlight. Therefore, ventilation is generally employed as an economical means for keeping the inside of the agricultural house at an appropriate temperature. For example, when the amount of solar radiation in the daytime is sufficient, the temperature in the agricultural house often exceeds 40 ° C, so the temperature in the agricultural house is maintained at an appropriate temperature of about 20-25 ° C by natural ventilation or forced ventilation. Is done.

  However, since the carbon dioxide supplied into the agricultural house is released to the outside with ventilation, it is difficult to keep the carbon dioxide concentration high while keeping the temperature in the agricultural house at an appropriate temperature especially during the daytime.

  In Patent Document 3, it is proposed that the plant cultivation facility is effectively sealed during the day, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the facility is kept high, and the temperature in the facility is kept around 20 ° C. by using cooling equipment. However, it is not economical to operate the cooling equipment during the daytime and maintain the temperature in the wide facility at around 20 ° C. because a large amount of energy is required.

Japanese Patent No. 2963427 Japanese Patent No. 3917311 JP-A-53-098246

  An object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural house capable of cultivating a plant economically and efficiently with less energy input per harvest of the plant, reducing the amount of water supplied to the plant, and cultivating the plant even in a dry region. It is in providing the cultivation method of the plant using this agricultural house.

The above-mentioned problem of the present invention is an agricultural house that uses sunlight to close the skylight provided on the ceiling during the day and to open the skylight provided on the ceiling during the night. and CO ₂ supply means for supplying a heat-ray shielding means, at and the like dehumidifying cooling means for cooling the internal agricultural house, the heat ray shielding means, the average transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400~700nm 80% or more, wavelength 800 An agricultural house formed with a heat ray reflective film having an average reflectance of light of ˜1200 nm of 70% or more, and a plurality of through holes formed in the heat ray shielding means at predetermined intervals, and the agriculture It is solved by a plant cultivation method using a house.

  The present inventors can maintain a high carbon dioxide concentration in an agricultural house, and can also maintain an agricultural house at an economically appropriate temperature as an agricultural house as shown in FIG. It was just called “Agricultural House” and received the “Agriculture and Food Industry Innovation Award” from the Agricultural Information Society in March 2011.

As shown in FIG. 3, the previous agricultural house has the following characteristics.
a) The ceiling portion 101 and the cultivation portion 102 of the agricultural house were insulated and partitioned with “Sunny Coat 103” which is a transparent resin plate. b) “Near-infrared absorbing film 104” was placed on top of “Sunny Coat 103”. Stretching and absorbing light with a wavelength of 800 nm or more that raises the temperature and blocking visible light necessary for plant growth c) Air is passed through the skylight 105 provided on the ceiling 101. It was ventilated to prevent the temperature rise due to heat generation of the “near infrared absorption film 104” d) A “CO ₂ generator 106” was provided in the cultivation unit 102 to keep the carbon dioxide concentration high, and “heat pump 107 "was provided to keep the temperature at an appropriate temperature.

  Thus, the agricultural house previously proposed by the present inventors is that the ceiling part and the cultivation part of the agricultural house are insulated and partitioned by the “sunny coat” which is a transparent resin plate, so that carbon dioxide is cultivated. The carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation part can be kept economically high, and the heat generated by the “near infrared absorption film” can be transferred from the ceiling part that is insulated and partitioned from the cultivation part to the ceiling part. Since it discharge | releases outside through the provided skylight, the temperature rise of a cultivation part can be prevented.

  The inventors closed the skylight during the day to keep the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural house economically high, and opened the skylight at night to lower the temperature in the agricultural house. In the agricultural house to be used, instead of the “sunny coat” and “near infrared absorbing film” of the previous agricultural house, a heat ray shielding means having a specific structure / physical property is used. It has been found that the cultivation of can be more economically and efficiently, and the present invention has been made.

The gist of the present invention is shown below.
(1) An agricultural house that uses sunlight to close the skylights on the ceiling during the day and open the skylights on the ceiling at night,
CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural house, heat ray shielding means, dehumidification cooling means for cooling the inside of the agricultural house, etc.
The heat ray shielding means is formed using a heat ray reflective film having an average transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of 80% or more and an average reflectance of light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm of 70% or more.
An agricultural house characterized in that a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals in the heat ray shielding means.
(2) The agricultural house according to (1), wherein the heat ray reflective film is a multilayer laminated film in which at least two types of resin layers having different refractive indexes are alternately laminated.
(3) The agricultural house according to (2), wherein at least one of the two types of resin layers of the multilayer laminated film is a resin layer made of a resin having a condensed aromatic ring.
(4) The agricultural house according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein an opening ratio of the plurality of through holes provided in the heat ray shielding means is in a range of 0.5 to 10%. .
(5) The agricultural house according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the heat ray shielding means has a through hole formed in the heat ray reflective film.
(6) The heat ray shielding means is knitted as a warp and / or weft with a strip-like tape obtained by cutting the heat ray reflective film into a strip, and through holes are formed between the warps and / or between the wefts. The agricultural house according to any one of (1) to (4).
(7) The agricultural house according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein a light transmittance at a wavelength of 350 nm of the heat ray reflective film is 10% or less.
(8) The agriculture according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein a resin layer made of a binder resin containing an ultraviolet absorber is formed outside the outermost layer of the heat ray reflective film. House.
(9) The agricultural house according to (8), wherein the binder resin is a fluororesin.
(10) The agricultural house according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the agricultural house is used for cultivation of fruit vegetables that perform photosynthesis with sunlight.
(11) A plant cultivation method using the agricultural house according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the skylight provided on the ceiling is closed during the day to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration, and at night Adjusts the temperature by opening the skylight provided on the ceiling, and at least during the day, the temperature inside the agricultural house is 35 ° C. or less, the carbon dioxide concentration is 500 to 1500 ppm, and the humidity saturation is 4 g / m ³ or less. A method for cultivating a plant, comprising cultivating the plant under control.

  In the agricultural house of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using this agricultural house, during the day when photosynthesis is actively performed, the skylight provided on the ceiling is closed to seal the agricultural house, and the temperature in the agricultural house Heat rays formed using a heat ray reflective film that can maintain and control the carbon dioxide concentration and humidity within a range where photosynthesis is actively performed, and has high visible light transmittance and high heat ray reflectivity. By using the shielding means, the energy cost can be reduced without hindering the growth of the plant.

  In addition, at night when photosynthesis is not actively performed, the skylights provided on the ceiling can be opened to lower the temperature in the agricultural house in preparation for the temperature rise during the day of the next day. By using a heat ray reflector having a plurality of through holes at predetermined intervals as heat ray shielding means, air heated during the day under the agricultural house can be released to the outside through the heat ray shielding means. Especially in the morning, even when the upper air close to the roof is cooled, the condensation formed on the lower surface of the heat ray shielding means becomes water droplets and hits the plant, and the fruit, leaves, flowers, etc. of the plant are discolored and deteriorated. It is possible to prevent deterioration in quality and deterioration in the film itself.

  In the present invention, the skylight provided on the ceiling part is closed during the daytime, and the moisture in the agricultural house becomes difficult to escape to the outside, so the amount of water supplied to the plant can be reduced, and the plant is cultivated even in a dry region. can do.

  Further, in the present invention, by using a heat ray shielding means in which a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals, the ultraviolet ray transmittance is reduced while preventing the ultraviolet ray deterioration of the heat ray reflective film, and coloring of fruits and pollination activity by bees are performed. It can adjust to the range which does not inhibit.

It is a mimetic diagram showing an embodiment of an agricultural house of the present invention. It is an example of the heat ray interception means which can be used suitably in the agricultural house of this invention, Comprising: It is a partial front view of what knitted the strip-shaped tape which cut the film into the strip shape. It is a schematic diagram which shows the previous agricultural house (the agricultural house which the present inventors proposed and won the agriculture and food industry innovation grand prize).

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the previous agricultural house. As described above, the ceiling 101 and the cultivation part 102 of the agricultural house are insulated and partitioned by “Sunny Coat 103” which is a transparent resin plate. The carbon dioxide concentration of the cultivating unit 102 is kept economically high, and the heat generated by the “near infrared absorbing film 104” is released to the outside through the skylight 105 from the ceiling unit 101 insulated and partitioned from the cultivating unit 102. The temperature rise of the cultivation part 102 is prevented.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an agricultural house provided with the heat ray reflective film of the present invention. The agricultural house 1 using sunlight is covered with the heat ray shielding means 3 of the present invention at the top, and the CO ₂ supply means 2 for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural house 1 and the agricultural house 1 at the bottom. A dehumidifying and cooling means 4 is provided for cooling the inside. In this agricultural house 1, the skylight 5 is closed during the daytime to maintain the carbon dioxide concentration in the agricultural house economically high, and the skylight 5 is opened at night to lower the temperature inside the agricultural house.

  This heat ray shielding means 3 is formed using a heat ray reflective film having an average transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of 80% or more and an average reflectance of light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm of 70% or more, and having a predetermined interval. A plurality of through holes are formed.

Since the agricultural house of the present invention does not have a resin plate such as “Sunny coat”, it has the following advantages over the previous agricultural house.
1) Visible light transmittance required for plant growth can be increased. (When the “sunny coat” is provided, the visible light transmittance is as low as about 70% as shown in FIG. 3.)
2) It can reduce the equipment cost of agricultural houses.
3) At night, especially in the morning, the temperature difference between the cultivating part and the ceiling part becomes large, so dew condensation occurs on the lower surface of the “Sunny Coat” and falls into the water droplets, hitting the plants, plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. The problem of discoloration and deterioration does not occur.

  In the previous agricultural house, a “near infrared ray absorbing film” is used to block the heat rays contained in sunlight. However, in such a heat ray absorption type film, the heat itself is absorbed and the film itself generates heat. Increase the temperature in the agricultural house. On the other hand, the agricultural house of the present invention uses a heat ray reflective film called “heat ray reflective film having an average reflectance of light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm of 70% or more”, so that it is difficult to raise the temperature in the agricultural house. is there.

  Next, the agricultural house of this invention is demonstrated one by one. The agricultural house of the present invention uses sunlight. When artificial light such as an LED is used, although the amount of light energy that is a driving source for photosynthesis can be adjusted and controlled, irradiation energy is required, so that it is not suitable for mass production of plants.

  And in an agricultural house that uses sunlight, the sunlight contains heat rays that raise the temperature in the agricultural house, together with the visible light necessary for plant growth, so that the agricultural house is kept at an appropriate temperature. Furthermore, ventilation such as natural ventilation and forced ventilation is generally adopted as an economical cooling means. However, ventilation requires labor and cost, and ventilation makes it easier for pests to enter the agricultural house.

  In addition, in an agricultural house that maintains a high carbon dioxide concentration, it is necessary to keep the ventilation rate low so as not to let the carbon dioxide escape to the outside as much as possible. The temperature must be maintained at an appropriate temperature, and a large amount of energy is required for cooling.

In the daytime when photosynthesis is actively performed, the agricultural house of the present invention closes the skylight provided on the ceiling part to make the agricultural house hermetically sealed, and the carbon dioxide in the agricultural house is supplied by CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide. Maintaining and controlling the concentration within the range where photosynthesis is actively performed, and maintaining and controlling the temperature and humidity in the agricultural house within the range where photosynthesis is actively performed by dehumidifying and cooling means, cultivating plants efficiently be able to.

  Further, as the heat ray shielding means, a heat ray reflective film having an average visible light transmittance as high as 80% or higher and a heat ray average reflectance as high as 70% or higher is used, thereby preventing the growth of plants. It is possible to prevent an increase in temperature and reduce the energy cost required to maintain an appropriate temperature.

  In addition, the agricultural house of the present invention opens the skylight provided on the ceiling at night when photosynthesis is not performed, and decreases the temperature in the agricultural house in preparation for the temperature increase during the day of the next day. By forming multiple through-holes at predetermined intervals in the film, air heated during the day under the farmhouse can be released to the outside through the heat-reflective film, and also close to the roof at night, especially in the morning Even if the upper air is cooled, the condensation on the lower surface of the heat-reflective film hits the plants and falls on the plants, causing deterioration in quality such as discoloration and deterioration of plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. It is possible to prevent the deterioration from occurring.

Various known means can be used as the CO ₂ supply means provided inside the agricultural house of the present invention for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural house. Examples include means for neutralizing carbonate or bicarbonate with an acid, means for burning hydrocarbons, means using liquefied carbon dioxide gas, etc., which are economical and contain less impurities. A means for burning liquefied natural gas can be suitably used.

  As means for cooling the inside of the agricultural house provided in the agricultural house of the present invention, dehumidifying cooling means such as heat exchange by a heat pump is used.

  For the cooling of the agricultural house, a fine mist cooling means for spraying a fine mist and cooling it by using evaporative cooling at the time of evaporation is generally used. Then, since ventilation is not performed, the water vapor is saturated and the fine mist is not vaporized in the first place. Therefore, the fine mist cooling means cannot be used for cooling.

  The first feature of the heat ray shielding means used in the agricultural house according to the present invention is that the heat ray shielding means is a metal vapor deposition layer, a metal foil, or a metal-containing layer metal as used in a general agricultural house. The film is not a film that reflects visible light but a heat ray reflective film used in the fields of optical interference filters and laminated glass.

  Specifically, this heat ray reflective film has a high average transmittance of visible light contained in sunlight of 80% or higher and a high average reflectance of heat rays contained in sunlight of 70% or higher. .

  By using a high heat ray reflective film having an average visible light transmittance of 80% or more, visible light serving as a driving source for photosynthesis can be sufficiently supplied to the plant, so that the growth of the plant can be sufficiently promoted.

  In addition, by using a high heat ray reflective film having an average heat ray reflectance of 70% or more, it is possible to sufficiently block the heat rays that raise the temperature in the agricultural house, and furthermore, the heat of the film itself is less like a heat ray absorbing film. Therefore, the temperature rise in the agricultural house can be suppressed, and the cost required for dehumidifying and cooling can be reduced.

As a heat ray reflective film having such a high average transmittance of visible light and a high average reflectance of heat rays,
A polyester-based multilayer optical film used for an optical interference filter, as described in JP-A-9-506837
A film containing a multilayer polymer film and a transparent conductor, which is attached to the surface of a window glass, as described in JP-T-11-508380
* Laminated polyester film used as laminated to glass with laminated glass, as described in International Publication No. 2005/040868,
A biaxially stretched laminated polyester film that is used by laminating glass with laminated glass, as described in International Publication No. 2013/080987,
A biaxially stretched laminated polyester film that is used by being laminated on glass with laminated glass, as described in JP 2014-228837 A
A multilayer laminated film such as can be suitably used.

  These multilayer laminated films do not reflect heat rays or the like with a metal vapor-deposited layer, metal foil, metal-containing layer, or the like, as commonly used in agricultural houses, and have at least two types of resin layers having different refractive indexes. It is the multilayer laminated film laminated | stacked alternately, Comprising: Visible light can be permeate | transmitted among sunlight and a heat ray can be selectively reflected.

  The multilayer laminated film in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above characteristics, but it is preferable that at least two types of resin layers having different refractive indexes are alternately laminated. Reflection by alternately laminating resin layers with different refractive indexes can be designed based on the optical thickness (refractive index x thickness) of the resin layer and the reflectivity based on the total number of resin layers and the refractive index difference between the resin layers. The selection of the resin and the thickness of the resin layer and the number of laminated layers can be adjusted so as to obtain desired reflection characteristics.

  As the resin for forming the resin layer of the multilayer laminated film, those known per se can be adopted, polyester, polysulfone, polyamide, polyether, polyketone, polyacryl, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polystyrene, polyamideimide, polyarylate, polyolefin, Polyfluoropolymer, polyurethane, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyarylene sulfur, polyvinyl chloride, polyetherimide, tetrafluoroethylene, polyetherketone, and the like are not limited to homopolymers. Good. In addition, since it is easy to increase the difference in refractive index between resins, at least one of the resin layers is preferably a resin having a repeating unit of a resin with a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring that easily increases the refractive index. May be present.

  Among these, as the resin used for the resin layer having a high refractive index, a thermoplastic resin having crystallinity is preferable because high molecular orientation is easily developed by stretching, and a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 200 ° C. or more is particularly preferable. . From such a viewpoint, as a specific thermoplastic resin, polyester is preferable, and polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate are preferable. Particularly, since the refractive index is high, it can be stretched at a high stretch ratio. Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate having a condensed aromatic ring is preferred.

  On the other hand, the resin used for the resin layer having a low refractive index is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit a sufficient refractive index difference from the resin layer having a high refractive index and can maintain necessary adhesion. For example, a resin obtained by copolymerizing a resin used for a resin layer having a high refractive index with a copolymer component capable of lowering the refractive index can be used. Further, since there is no need to increase the refractive index by stretching or the like, a resin having a melting point sufficiently lower than that of an amorphous resin or a resin having a high refractive index can be used. For example, an amorphous polyester containing an ethylene terephthalate component can be suitably used.

  A second feature of the heat ray shielding means used in the agricultural house of the present invention is that a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals in the heat ray shielding means.

  Since the heat ray shielding means used in the agricultural house of the present invention needs to sufficiently block the heat ray, as shown in FIG. 1, it is stretched over the entire upper part of the agricultural house, and the agricultural house is arranged at the upper part and the lower part. Although it partitions, in order to make air permeability with the upper part and lower part of an agricultural house favorable, a some through-hole is formed in predetermined spacing.

  In the agricultural house of the present invention, at night when photosynthesis is not performed, the skylight provided on the ceiling is opened to lower the temperature in the agricultural house in preparation for the temperature rise in the day of the next day. By forming a plurality of through holes at predetermined intervals, air heated during the day under the farmhouse can be released to the outside through the heat ray shielding means, and the upper part close to the roof at night, especially in the morning Even when the air is cooled, condensation occurs on the lower surface of the heat ray shielding means, forming water droplets and hitting the plant, causing deterioration in quality such as discoloration and deterioration of plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc., or the heat ray shielding means itself It is possible to prevent the deterioration from occurring.

  The aperture ratio of the plurality of through holes formed in the heat ray shielding means is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10%, preferably 1 to 5%.

The “aperture ratio” in the present invention refers to a portion where the back side is visible without obstruction when the surface of a square portion of 10 cm in length and width on one surface of the heat ray shielding means is observed from the vertical direction of the surface. The total area (Scm ² ) of the opening area was determined and the area was determined by the formula: [S (cm ² ) / 100 (cm ² )] × 100.

  When the hole area ratio is 0.5% or more, the air permeability of the heat ray shielding means can be improved, and the skylight provided on the ceiling is opened at night when photosynthesis is not performed. When the temperature is lowered in preparation for the temperature rise during the next day, the air heated during the day at the bottom of the farmhouse can be released to the outside through the heat-reflective film. Even when the adjacent upper air is cooled, the condensation on the lower surface of the film hits the plant as water droplets, causing deterioration in quality such as discoloration and deterioration of the fruit, leaves, flowers, etc. of the plant, or on the film itself Since deterioration can be prevented, it is preferable. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the hole area ratio is 1% or more because the air permeability of the heat ray reflective film is further improved.

  Moreover, it is preferable for the hole area ratio to be 10% or less because the heat ray reflecting function provided by the heat ray reflecting film is not greatly deteriorated. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the hole area ratio is 5% or less because the decrease in heat ray reflection ability can be further reduced.

  As the heat ray shielding means, one having a structure in which a through hole is formed in a heat ray reflective film can be used.

  The through holes are preferably arranged at predetermined intervals so that physical properties such as strength and rigidity of the heat ray shielding means are as uniform as possible. The interval between the through holes is 30 cm or less, preferably 20 cm or less, and more preferably 10 cm or less in order to make the air permeability of the heat ray shielding means as uniform as possible.

  As a specific structure of the heat ray shielding means, a heat ray reflection film may be simply formed with holes of a predetermined shape such as a circle, a triangle, a quadrangle, etc. at predetermined intervals. In order to improve the winding property of the heat ray reflector, the shape of the hole is longer in the width direction (that is, in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) than the length in the longitudinal direction of the heat ray reflector. The length is preferably long.

  In order to improve the winding property, blocking resistance, tear resistance, durability, and the like of the heat ray shielding means, the heat ray reflection film is formed in a strip shape rather than forming the heat ray shielding means with one heat ray reflection film. It is preferable to make a knitted or knitted fabric by knitting the cut strip-like tape as warp and / or weft. Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a woven fabric in which a thin strip tape of the heat ray reflective film is used as warp or weft and a transparent yarn is used as weft or warp. As the strip-like tape, a heat ray reflective film cut into a strip having a width of 1 to 50 mm, preferably a width of 2 to 20 mm, more preferably a width of about 4 to 8 mm (slit processing) is used.

  As a suitable structure of the woven or knitted fabric, there may be mentioned one obtained by knitting a strip-like tape 7 with a transparent yarn 8 as shown in FIGS. 2 (a), 2 (b) and 2 (c). The knitted fabric composition shown in FIG. 2 (a) is woven by using a thin strip-like tape 7 as a warp and passing through a loom and placing a transparent yarn 8 horizontally. The knitted fabric composition shown in FIG. The woven fabric of Fig. 2 (c) is knitted using the strip-like tape 7 as the warp and the transparent yarn 8 as the weft. It is a thing.

  The through holes in the woven or knitted fabric are formed between the warp yarns and / or between the weft yarns, and the opening ratio of the through holes can be adjusted by the density of the warp yarns and the weft yarns.

  Since the heat ray shielding means of the present invention is exposed to sunlight during the day, in order to prevent deterioration due to ultraviolet rays, the light ray transmittance (hereinafter referred to as “ultraviolet rays”) of the heat ray reflective film forming the heat ray shielding means is 350 nm. "Transmissivity") is preferably 10% or less.

  When the heat ray reflective film contains a resin having a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene diene ring, the ultraviolet ray transmittance of the heat ray reflective film naturally becomes low, so it is not always necessary to provide an ultraviolet absorbing layer. When the ultraviolet ray transmittance of the heat ray reflective film is high, it is preferable to reduce the ultraviolet ray transmittance by providing an ultraviolet absorbing layer on at least one side of the outermost layer of the heat ray reflective film.

  Examples of UV absorbers to be included in the UV absorber layer include triazine UV absorbers, benzotriazole UV absorbers, benzophenone UV absorbers, benzoxazinone UV absorbers, salicylate UV absorbers, and cyanoacrylate UV absorbers. Agents, saltylate-based UV absorbers, preferably triazine-based UV absorbers and benzotriazole-based UV absorbers. Specifically, 2- (2-hydroxy-4- [1-octyloxycarbonylethoxy] phenyl) -4,6-bis (4-phenylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2- (2H- Benzotriazol-2-yl) -4,6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -6- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol, octyl-3- [3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenyl ] Propionate, 2-ethylhexyl-3- [3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenyl] propionate 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) 4,6-bis (1-ethyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol, phenol, 2- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -6 (1,1-dimethylethyl) 4-methyl, 2,2′-methylenebis [6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl] phenol, 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -5-[(hexyl) roxy] phenol, 2,4-bis (2-hydroxy-4-butyroxyphenyl) -6- ( 2,4-bis-butyroxyphenicyl) -1,3,5-triazine, benzenepropanoic acid, 3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4- Hydroxy C7-9 branched and chain alkyl esters, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-tert-methylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, 2- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4,6-di-tert -Pentylphenol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2- [4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazin-2-yl] -5- (octyloxy) ) Phenol, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5′-octylphenyl) benzotriazole.

  Examples of the binder resin for the ultraviolet absorbing layer include polyester resin, acrylic resin, acrylic silicon resin, urethane resin, fluororesin, silicon resin, melamine resin, cellulose resin, and polyamide resin. Among these binder resins, an acrylic resin, an acrylic silicon resin, a urethane resin, a silicon resin, and a fluororesin are preferable because of excellent light stability.

  Examples of the method of providing the ultraviolet absorbing layer include a method of providing the ultraviolet absorber layer on the surface of the multilayer laminated film by a co-extrusion method, and a method of providing the ultraviolet absorber layer by a method such as coating.

  As described above, from the viewpoint of preventing the ultraviolet ray deterioration of the heat ray shielding means, it is preferable to reduce the ultraviolet transmittance to 10% or less. However, if the ultraviolet ray is excessively shielded, fruit such as eggplant grows. Problems such as poor coloring, bees not sufficiently approaching flowers in the agricultural house, and pollination activities are not performed normally.

  When the ultraviolet ray transmittance of the heat ray shielding means is too low, the ultraviolet ray transmittance can be adjusted to be high as follows.

  In the case where the heat ray shielding means has a through-hole formed in the heat ray reflective film, the heat ray shielding means is adjusted to an ultraviolet ray by adjusting the opening rate by adjusting the size and density of the through-hole to be formed. Can be adjusted so that it is not excessively shielded.

  Further, when the heat ray shielding means is a knitted fabric made of a heat-reflective film thin strip tape and transparent yarn, the density of the thin strip tape and / or transparent yarn constituting the knitted fabric is adjusted, and the thin strip tape By adjusting the aperture ratio of the through-holes formed between and / or between the transparent yarns, by using a transparent film having a high ultraviolet transmittance such as a polyethylene film together with the heat ray reflective film, etc. It can adjust so that a heat ray shielding means may not shield an ultraviolet-ray too much.

  In general, when the heat ray reflective film contains a resin having a condensed aromatic ring such as a naphthalene ring, the ultraviolet ray transmittance of the heat ray reflective film tends to be too low. When the surface of the heat ray shielding means is observed from the direction perpendicular to the surface, the area ratio of the heat ray reflective film in the heat ray shielding means (hereinafter referred to as “cover ratio”) is preferably 95% or less.

  The agricultural house of the present invention is suitable for cultivation of fruits and vegetables that are photo-synthesized by sunlight, for example, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, paprika, cucumbers, watermelons, pumpkins, peppers, peas, broad beans, strawberries, broccoli, cauliflower, etc. Can be used.

In the plant cultivation method using the agricultural house of the present invention, during the day when photosynthesis is actively performed, the skylight provided on the ceiling is closed to seal the agricultural house, and the temperature in the agricultural house, the carbon dioxide concentration It maintains and controls the humidity within a range where photosynthesis is actively performed, but does not prevent the daylight skylight from being temporarily opened. Specifically, it is preferable to cultivate plants while maintaining and controlling the temperature inside the agricultural house at 35 ° C. or less, the carbon dioxide concentration at 500 to 1500 ppm, and the humidity saturation at 4 g / m ³ or less.

  The temperature inside the agricultural house can be set according to the optimum temperature and maximum temperature limit of the plant to be cultivated. For example, the optimum temperature and the maximum temperature limit of fruit vegetables in the daytime are tomato [20-25 ° C., 35 ° C.], eggplant [23-28 ° C., 35 ° C.], bell pepper [25-30 ° C., 35 ° C.], cucumber [ 23-28 ° C., 35 ° C.], watermelon [23-28 ° C., 35 ° C.], and pumpkin [20-25 ° C., 35 ° C.]. From this, the temperature inside the agricultural house is desirably 35 ° C. or less, preferably 30 ° C. or less, and more preferably 20 to 30 ° C.

The carbon dioxide concentration of normal air is about 300 ppm, but the photosynthesis of plants can be greatly promoted by setting the carbon dioxide concentration inside the agricultural house to 500 to 1500 ppm. If the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 500 ppm, the effect of promoting photosynthesis is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 1500 ppm, the photosynthesis is not so much promoted, so the economic merit is small. The moisture state of a plant is the humidity saturation (relative to relative humidity) (an index indicating how much room for water vapor can enter in air at a certain temperature and humidity. The free water vapor capacity per 1 m ^{3 of} air is expressed in g. In the present invention, the plant is cultivated while maintaining and controlling the humidity saturation inside the agricultural house to 4 g / m ³ or less by the dehumidifying cooling means.

The humidity saturation inside the agricultural house can be set to a range suitable for the plant to be cultivated, but in general, if the humidity saturation becomes too large, the plant will close the pores and transpiration will not occur, and photosynthesis will be active Therefore, the humidity saturation inside the agricultural house is preferably 4 g / m ³ or less, more preferably 3.5 g / m ³ or less.

In addition, if the humidity saturation is too small, there will be no difference in water vapor pressure between the plant and air, no transpiration will occur even if the pores are open, carbon dioxide will not be absorbed, and photosynthesis will not be actively performed. The humidity saturation is preferably 2 g / m ³ or more, more preferably 2.5 g / m ³ or more.

In order to maintain and control the temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and humidity in the above-mentioned range in the agricultural house, for example, an air temperature sensor, a CO ₂ sensor and a humidity sensor are installed in the agricultural house, and according to these measured values. The operating states of the CO ₂ supply means and the dehumidifying cooling means may be adjusted.

  In addition, the temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and humidity at which photosynthesis is actively performed vary depending on the type of plant, growth stage, etc., so the target values for temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and humidity in the agricultural house should be carefully set and adjusted. Is desirable.

  Thus, in the agricultural house of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using this agricultural house, during the day when photosynthesis is actively performed, the skylight provided on the ceiling is closed to keep the agricultural house sealed, Using a heat ray reflective film that can maintain and control the temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and humidity in the house within the range where photosynthesis is actively performed, and has high visible light transmittance and high heat ray reflectivity. By using the formed heat ray shielding means, the energy cost can be reduced without hindering the growth of the plant.

  In addition, the present invention can open the skylight provided on the ceiling at night when photosynthesis is not actively performed, and can reduce the temperature in the agricultural house in preparation for the temperature rise during the day. By using the heat ray shielding means in which a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals, air heated during the day under the agricultural house can be released to the outside through the heat ray shielding means, and at night, especially in the morning Even when the upper air close to the roof is cooled, the condensation formed on the lower surface of the heat ray shielding means becomes water droplets and hits the plant, causing deterioration in quality such as discoloration and deterioration of plant fruits, leaves, flowers, etc. Or the film itself can be prevented from deteriorating.

  In the present invention, the skylight provided on the ceiling part is closed during the daytime, and the moisture in the agricultural house becomes difficult to escape to the outside, so the amount of water supplied to the plant can be reduced, and the plant is cultivated even in a dry region. It is an excellent thing that can be done.

  Moreover, in this invention, it was excellent that the ultraviolet-ray transmittance can be adjusted to the range which does not inhibit the coloring of a fruit and the pollination activity by a bee by using the heat ray shielding means which formed the several through-hole at predetermined intervals. Is.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.

1. Heat ray blocking film As a heat ray blocking film, a heat ray reflective type film (hereinafter referred to as “film A”) and a heat ray absorbing type film (hereinafter referred to as “film B”) are used as a heat ray blocking film. The temperature rise was compared.

As the film A, a film having the following structure and physical properties was used.
* It has a laminated part in which the first layer (PEN resin, 137 layer) and the second layer (PETG resin, 138 layer) are alternately laminated, and protective layers (PEN resin, Biaxially stretched laminated polyester film provided with two layers) * PEN resin: Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate having an intrinsic viscosity (orthochlorophenol, 35 ° C.) of 0.62 dl / g * PETG resin: 30 mol% of cyclohexanedimethanol Copolymerized cyclohexanedimethanol copolymer with intrinsic viscosity (orthochlorophenol, 35 ° C.) 0.77 dl / g Polyethylene terephthalate * Layer thickness: 40 μm, each protective layer thickness: 5 μm, total thickness: 50 μm
* Adjust the thickness of the first layer and the second layer so that the optical thickness ratio of the first layer and the second layer of the laminated part is equal * Average transmittance: 88%, average heat ray reflectance : 75%
Further, as the film B, a commercially available heat ray absorption type film (trade name “Megacool”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics Agridream Co., Ltd.) was used.

  Film A and film B were stretched over the top of a closed agricultural house with the skylight closed, and the temperature in the agricultural house was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The vertical axis | shaft of the graph of Table 1 represents the temperature (degreeC) in an agricultural house, and a horizontal axis represents time (0 to 24:00).

  As can be seen from Table 1, a heat ray reflective type film such as film A is used as a heat ray blocking film used in an agricultural house that uses sunlight, so that a heat ray absorbing type film such as film B is used. Compared with the case where it was, the temperature rise in the sealed agricultural house can be suppressed.

2. Examples 1-5, Comparative Examples 1-2
Using film A, a heat ray shielding means was prepared as follows, and their performance was examined. The results are shown in Table 2.

1) Heat ray shielding means of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2 A thin strip-like tape cut from film A is used as a warp, and is applied to a loom, and a transparent yarn is horizontally woven and woven, as shown in FIG. 2 (a). The heat ray shielding means like this was created.

  Specifically, the film A is slit, and a flat yarn having a width of 4.5 mm in the short direction is prepared. This flat yarn is used as a warp, and a monofilament made of high-density polyethylene resin (fineness: 550 dtex, tensile strength: 29 N). / Weave, elongation: 35%) was used to weave the heat ray shielding means with a loom.

  By adjusting the distance between the flat yarns of the warp yarn, a heat ray shielding means having a hole area ratio as shown in Table 2 was obtained.

2) Heat ray shielding means of Example 4 In the production of the heat ray reflective film of Example 1, the flat yarn of the same shape obtained from the polyethylene film together with the flat yarn obtained from the film A (flat yarn a) as the flat yarn. A yarn (flat yarn b) is used, and as a warp, one ferrat yarn b is arranged for every ten flat yarns a, and the heat ray shielding means is woven with a loom in the same manner as in Example 1 except for that. did.

3) Heat ray shielding means of Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 In Example 5, a film A having the same circular through-holes formed at equal intervals and having an aperture ratio of 3% is used as the heat ray shielding means. did.
Moreover, in the comparative example 1, the film A was used as it is as a heat ray shielding means.

  As can be seen from Table 2, by using a heat ray reflective film such as film A and providing appropriate apertures, the heat ray blocking means has air permeability and moderate ultraviolet transmittance. can do. Furthermore, by adopting a woven or knitted structure, the heat ray shielding means can have good winding properties, blocking resistance, tear resistance, durability, and the like.

1 Agriculture House 2 CO ₂ supply means 3 heat ray shielding means 4 dehumidifying cooling means 5 skylights 7 strip-like tape 8 transparent yarn 101 (agricultural house) ceiling 102 (agricultural house) cultivating unit 103 Sunny coat 104 near-infrared absorbing film 105 skylight 106 CO ₂ generator 107 heat pump

Claims (11)

A farmhouse that uses sunlight, closing the skylights on the ceiling during the day and opening the skylights on the ceiling at night,
CO ₂ supply means for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the agricultural house, heat ray shielding means, dehumidification cooling means for cooling the inside of the agricultural house, etc.
The heat ray shielding means is formed using a heat ray reflective film having an average transmittance of light having a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of 80% or more and an average reflectance of light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nm of 70% or more.
An agricultural house characterized in that a plurality of through holes are formed at predetermined intervals in the heat ray shielding means.   The agricultural house according to claim 1, wherein the heat ray reflective film is a multilayer laminated film in which at least two types of resin layers having different refractive indexes are alternately laminated.   The agricultural house according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the two types of resin layers of the multilayer laminated film is a resin layer made of a resin having a condensed aromatic ring.   The agricultural house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an aperture ratio of the plurality of through holes provided in the heat ray shielding means is in a range of 0.5 to 10%.   The agricultural house according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat ray shielding means has a through hole formed in the heat ray reflective film.   The heat ray shielding means is obtained by knitting a thin band tape obtained by cutting the heat ray reflective film into a thin band shape as warps and / or wefts, and through holes are formed between the warp yarns and / or between the weft yarns. The agricultural house in any one of claim | item 1 -4.   The agricultural house according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat ray reflective film has a light transmittance of 350% or less at a wavelength of 350 nm.   The agricultural house according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a resin layer made of a binder resin containing an ultraviolet absorber is formed outside the outermost layer of the heat ray reflective film.   The agricultural house according to claim 8, wherein the binder resin is a fluororesin.   The agricultural house according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the agricultural house is used for cultivation of fruit vegetables that perform photosynthesis by sunlight. It is the cultivation method of the plant using the agricultural house in any one of Claims 1-10,
During the day, the skylights on the ceiling are closed to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration, and at night, the skylights on the ceiling are opened to adjust the temperature.
A plant cultivation method characterized by cultivating a plant at least during the day by controlling the temperature inside the agricultural house to 35 ° C. or less, the carbon dioxide concentration to 500 to 1500 ppm, and the humidity saturation to 4 g / m ³ or less.

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