JP2017144513A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool that is provided with a detachable workpiece holding device and that is capable of repeatedly positioning the workpiece holding device with high accuracy and excellent in approaching performance into a machining area.SOLUTION: This machine tool has: a bed 12; a base 41 that is supported by the bed 12; and an oscillation stopper that holds a rotated workpiece by a main spindle and that is detachably provided with respect to the base 41. The base 41 has a coupler that positions the oscillation stopper. A machine tool 10 is provided with a cover body 51 that is provided so as to be attached to the base 41 instead of the oscillation stopper and cover the coupler. The cover body 51 has a running board 53 on which an operator can get.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool.

  Regarding a conventional steady rest device provided in a machine tool, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-71560 (Patent Document 1), a long workpiece having severe grinding accuracy, particularly roundness is ground using a steady rest. In some cases, an automatic centering steady rest device is disclosed that aims to achieve automation by eliminating the steady rest operation of a skilled person. An automatic centering steady rest disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a pair of hydraulic cylinders, a cam that is operated by advancing and retreating a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and a pair that can grip a workpiece concentrically by contact with the cam. With nails.

  In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-124443 (Patent Document 2) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-16178 (Patent Document 3) also disclose various steady rests.

  Further, conventional techniques for repeatedly obtaining high positioning accuracy in a machine tool are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 62-162440 (Patent Document 4), 7-140180 (Patent Document 5), and 11-333649. (Patent Document 6).

JP-A-6-71560 JP-A-62-124843 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-16178 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-162440 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-40180 JP-A-11-333649

  A machine tool having a workpiece holding device that holds a workpiece rotated by a main shaft is known. For example, there is a steadying device disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above as such a workpiece holding device.

  Since such a steady rest device becomes an obstacle when machining a non-long workpiece, it is conceivable that the steady rest device has a structure that can be attached to and detached from the machine tool. On the other hand, when a long workpiece is steady using a steady rest device, the center where the workpiece is held by the steady rest device and the center of rotation of the workpiece need to match. For this reason, when making the steady rest device detachable, it is necessary to provide the machine tool with a positioning mechanism for repeatedly positioning the steady rest device with high accuracy.

  However, if the workpiece is machined with the steady rest device removed from the machine tool, chips and cutting oil generated along with the workpiece machining may adhere to the positioning mechanism. In this case, when the steady rest apparatus is mounted on the machine tool again, there arises a problem that the steady rest apparatus cannot be positioned with high accuracy.

  Further, in a machine tool, the spindle, tool post, etc. in the machining area are accessed when a workpiece or tool is exchanged or the inside of the machine is cleaned. For this reason, it is required that the machine tool has a means for improving the accessibility to the machining area, and such a demand is strong particularly in a large machine tool for machining a long workpiece. It has become.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problem, and in a machine tool including a detachable workpiece holding device, the workpiece holding device can be repeatedly positioned with high accuracy, and a machining area It is to provide a machine tool with excellent accessibility to the inside.

  A machine tool according to the present invention includes a bed, a main shaft that rotates the work, a base that is supported by the bed, and a work holding device that is detachably provided to the base and holds the work rotated by the main shaft. With. The base has a positioning mechanism for positioning the work holding device. The machine tool includes a cover body that is attached to the base instead of the work holding device and is provided so as to cover the positioning mechanism portion. The cover body has a tread plate portion on which an operator can ride.

  According to the machine tool configured as described above, the cover body is provided so as to cover the positioning mechanism portion instead of the workpiece holding device, so that chips and cutting oil generated during workpiece processing adhere to the positioning mechanism portion. Can be prevented. Thereby, the workpiece holding device can be repeatedly positioned with high accuracy. In addition, by providing a tread plate portion on which an operator can ride on the cover body, accessibility to the processing area can be improved.

Preferably, the tread plate portion includes a flat portion extending in the horizontal direction.
According to the machine tool configured as described above, an operator can stably ride on the tread plate portion.

  Preferably, the cover body further includes a main body portion that covers the positioning mechanism. The tread plate portion is configured to change between a first state in which the extending direction of the planar portion is a horizontal direction and a second state in which the extending direction of the planar portion is a direction including a vertical downward component. It is attached so that rocking is possible.

  According to the machine tool configured as described above, it is possible to suppress chips from being accumulated on the flat surface portion by changing the tread plate portion to the second state during workpiece machining.

  Preferably, the base further includes a fixing mechanism portion that fixes the work holding device. The cover body is fixed to the base by the fixing mechanism.

  According to the machine tool configured as described above, the cover body can be firmly fixed to the base.

  Preferably, the machine tool further includes a door portion that divides a processing area of the workpiece and is provided so as to be opened and closed. The tread plate portion is provided adjacent to the opening portion that is generated when the door portion is opened.

  According to the machine tool configured as described above, an operator can easily ride on the tread plate portion from the outside through the opening.

Preferably, the tread plate portion is provided at a position lower than the rotation center axis of the main shaft.
According to the machine tool configured as described above, an operator can easily ride on the tread plate portion from outside the machine.

Preferably, the work holding device is a steadying device that holds the outer peripheral surface of the work.
According to the machine tool configured as described above, it is possible to realize a machine tool capable of repeatedly positioning the steady rest with high accuracy and having excellent accessibility to the machining area.

  As described above, according to the present invention, in a machine tool equipped with a detachable work holding device, it is possible to repeatedly position the work holding device with high accuracy and to approach the machining area. A machine tool with excellent properties can be provided.

It is a front view which shows the machine tool in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the mode in the processing area of the machine tool in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state from which the steady rest apparatus was removed from the machine tool in FIG. It is a perspective view which expands and shows the range enclosed with the dashed-two dotted line IV in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode at the time of mounting | wearing with the steady rest apparatus in the base in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows a mode at the time of mounting | wearing with the steady rest apparatus in the base in FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state where a cover body is mounted on the machine tool in FIG. 3. It is a perspective view which shows the cover body in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the usage condition of the machine tool in FIG. In Embodiment 2 of this invention, it is a side view which shows the step board part provided in a cover body. In Embodiment 2 of this invention, it is a side view which shows the step board part provided in a cover body.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to below, the same or corresponding members are denoted by the same reference numerals.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a machine tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in the machining area of the machine tool in FIG. With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, first, the overall structure of the machine tool 10 in the present embodiment will be described. The machine tool 10 is a lathe that performs machining by rotating a workpiece and bringing a tool into contact with the workpiece.

  The machine tool 10 includes a bed 12, a headstock 24, a tool rest 26, a tailstock 28, a steady rest device 31, a splash guard 21, and a door portion 23 as main components.

  The bed 12 is a base member for supporting the headstock 24, the tool rest 26, the tailstock 28, and the steady rest device 31, and is installed on an installation surface such as a factory. The bed 12 is made of a metal such as cast iron. The bed 12 is a slant bed type, and a support surface that supports the steady rest device 31 and the like is inclined with respect to the vertical direction.

  The head stock 24 has a main shaft (not shown) and a chuck 25. The main shaft is rotatably provided around a central axis 101 parallel to the Z axis extending in the horizontal direction. The chuck 25 is provided at the tip of the spindle and is configured to be able to grip a workpiece. The spindle rotates the work gripped by the chuck 25.

  The tool post 26 is configured to be capable of mounting a plurality of tools. The tool post 26 has a so-called turret shape, and a plurality of tools are attached in a radial manner to perform turning indexing. More specifically, the tool post 26 has a turning part 27. The turning unit 27 is provided so as to be turnable about a central axis 102 parallel to the Z axis. A tool holder for holding a tool is attached to a position spaced from the central axis 102 in the circumferential direction. As the turning unit 27 turns around the central axis 102, the tool held by the tool holder moves in the circumferential direction, and the tool used for machining is determined.

  The tool post 26 is supported on the bed 12 by a saddle or the like (not shown). The tool post 26 is provided with a Z-axis direction, an X-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis and inclined with respect to the vertical direction, a Z-axis, It is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis. As the tool rest 26 moves in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, the machining position of the workpiece by the tool mounted on the tool rest 26 moves three-dimensionally.

  The tailstock 28 is provided to face the spindle stock 24 on the axis of the central shaft 101. The tailstock 28 has a function of holding the end portion of the workpiece 120 rotated by the main shaft when the long workpiece 120 is mounted on the chuck 25. The tailstock 28 is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

  The steady rest device 31 is provided between the head stock 24 and the tailstock 28 in the Z-axis direction. The steady rest device 31 has a function of holding the outer peripheral surface of the work 120 rotated by the main shaft when the long work 120 is mounted on the chuck 25. The steady rest device 31 has a gripping arm 32 that opens and closes by hydraulic pressure or the like. The steady rest device 31 is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

  The door part 23 defines the processing area 110 together with the splash guard 21. The headstock 24, the tool rest 26, the tailstock 28, and the steady rest device 31 are provided in the machining area 110. The door part 23 is comprised so that opening and closing is possible. The door portion 23 is provided on the machine front side of the machine tool 10. By opening the door 23, an opening leading to the processing area 110 is formed.

  In addition, in FIG. 1, although a pair of door part 23 which can be slid in a horizontal direction was shown, the form in which a door part is provided is not limited to this. For example, one door portion may be provided, or a swingable door portion may be provided.

  Next, the attachment / detachment structure of the steady rest device 31 will be described in detail. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the steady rest device is removed from the machine tool in FIG. 2. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing a range surrounded by a two-dot chain line IV in FIG.

  3 and 4, the steady rest device 31 is configured to be detachable from the machine tool 10.

  The machine tool 10 further includes a base 41. The base 41 is supported by the bed 12. The base 41 is provided to be movable in the Z-axis direction by sliding guidance between the bed 12 and the base 41.

  The base 41 has a flat plate shape as a whole. The base 41 is provided to be inclined with respect to the vertical direction so as to correspond to the inclination of the support surface of the bed 12. The base 41 extends in a flat plate shape within the X-axis-Z-axis plane. The base 41 has a main surface 41a. The main surface 41 a is disposed on the side opposite to the side where the base 41 faces the bed 12. The steady rest device 31 is detachably attached to the base 41.

  5 and 6 are cross-sectional views showing a state in which the steady rest device is mounted on the base in FIG. FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the base and the steady rest corresponding to the position along the line VV in FIG. 6 shows a cross section of the base and the steady rest corresponding to the position along the line VI-VI in FIG.

  3 to 6, the base 41 has a plurality of couplers 42. The coupler 42 is provided on the main surface 41a. The plurality of couplers 42 are provided on the main surface 41a at intervals. The coupler 42 is provided as a positioning mechanism for positioning the steady rest device 31 with respect to the base 41, and further as a fixing mechanism portion for fixing the steady rest device 31 to the base 41.

  The coupler 42 includes a block portion 45 and a plurality of pin members 43. The block portion 45 is provided so as to protrude from the main surface 41a. The block part 45 has a shape protruding in a cylindrical shape from the main surface 41a. An insertion hole 44 is formed in the block portion 45. The insertion hole 44 has a circular opening cross section, and is opened at the end of the block portion 45 that protrudes from the main surface 41a.

  The pin member 43 is built in the block portion 45. The plurality of pin members 43 are provided radially with respect to the central axis of the insertion hole 44. The pin member 43 has a tip portion 43p (see FIG. 5). The distal end portion 43 p is an end portion of the pin member 43 on the side facing the central axis of the insertion hole 44. The pin member 43 is configured to be slidable between a clamped state in which the distal end portion 43 p protrudes into the insertion hole 44 and an unclamped state in which the distal end portion 43 p is retracted from the insertion hole 44.

  The means for operating the pin member 43 between the clamped state and the unclamped state is not particularly limited. For example, the pin member 43 is moved to the clamped state by a spring force, and the pin member 43 is moved to the unclamped state by pneumatic pressure. The method of making it include.

  The steady rest 31 has a bottom surface 31b. The bottom surface 31 b faces the main surface 41 a of the base 41. The steady rest device 31 further includes a plurality of pull studs 36. The pull stud 36 is provided so as to protrude from the bottom surface 31b. The plurality of pull studs 36 are respectively provided at positions corresponding to the plurality of insertion holes 44. A groove 37 is formed in the pull stud 36. The groove portion 37 has a concave shape corresponding to the shape of the tip portion 43 p of the pin member 43.

  The base 41 has a plurality of guide members 46 (46A, 46B). The guide member 46 is provided on the main surface 41a. The plurality of guide members 46 are provided on the main surface 41a at intervals. The guide member 46 is provided as a guide mechanism unit that guides the steady-state device 31 to an appropriate position (a position where the pull stud 36 is opposed to the insertion hole 44) when the steady-state device 31 is attached to the base 41.

  The guide member 46 has a cylindrical pin shape protruding from the main surface 41a. The guide member 46 has a tapered shape that tapers toward the tip protruding from the main surface 41a. The protruding length of the guide member 46B from the main surface 41a is larger than the protruding length of the guide member 46A from the main surface 41a.

  A plurality of insertion holes 38 are formed in the steady rest device 31. The insertion hole 38 has a circular opening cross section and opens on the bottom surface 31b. The plurality of insertion holes 38 are provided at positions corresponding to the plurality of guide members 46, respectively.

  When the steady rest device 31 is attached to the base 41, the steady rest device 31 is moved close to the base 41 with the bottom surface 31b facing the main surface 41a. At this time, first, the guide member 46B is inserted into the insertion hole 38, and then the guide member 46A is inserted into the insertion hole 38, whereby the steadying device 31 is guided to an appropriate position with respect to the base 41. The

  When the steady rest device 31 is further moved closer to the base 41, the plurality of pull studs 36 are respectively inserted into the plurality of insertion holes 44. By mounting the plurality of pin members 43 from the unclamped state to the clamped state in each coupler 42, the mounting of the steady rest device 31 is completed.

  The structure of the positioning mechanism for positioning the steady rest device with respect to the base is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, a ball may be used instead of the pin member 43, or a taper cone is used. There may be.

  Next, the cover structure of the base 41 when the steady rest device 31 is not mounted will be described in detail. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which the cover body is mounted on the machine tool in FIG. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the cover body in FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a usage pattern of the machine tool in FIG.

  With reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, when processing a non-long workpiece, the steady rest device 31 is detached from the base 41. At this time, the cover body 51 is mounted on the base 41 in place of the steady rest device 31. The cover body 51 is provided so as to cover the plurality of couplers 42 when attached to the base 41.

  The cover body 51 has a main body 52 and a plurality of pull studs 57 as its constituent parts.

  The main body 52 has a flat plate shape. The main body 52 has a main surface 52a and a bottom surface 52b. The bottom surface 52 b faces the main surface 41 a of the base 41. The main surface 52a is disposed on the back side of the bottom surface 52b. The main surface 52a is the front side of the machine and faces obliquely upward.

  The main body 52 is provided so as to cover the plurality of couplers 42. The main body 52 is provided vertically above the plurality of couplers 42. The main body 52 is provided to face the base 41 in the Y-axis direction. The main body 52 is provided such that a plurality of couplers 42 are projected onto the bottom surface 52b in the Y-axis direction.

  A plurality of insertion holes 55 are formed in the main body 52. The insertion hole 55 has a circular opening cross section and opens to the bottom surface 52b. The insertion hole 55 is provided so as to penetrate the main body portion 52. The plurality of insertion holes 55 are provided at positions corresponding to the plurality of guide members 46, respectively.

  The pull stud 57 is provided so as to protrude from the bottom surface 52b. The plurality of pull studs 57 are respectively provided at positions corresponding to the plurality of insertion holes 44. The pull stud 57 has the same shape as the pull stud 36 included in the steady rest device 31.

  The cover body 51 is attached to the base 41 in the same form as the steady rest device 31. That is, when the cover body 51 is attached to the base 41, the guide member 46 B is inserted into the insertion hole 55 and the guide member 46 A is inserted into the insertion hole 55, so that the cover body 51 is appropriate for the base 41. It is guided to a position (position where the pull stud 57 faces the insertion hole 44). The plurality of pull studs 57 are respectively inserted into the plurality of insertion holes 44, and the cover body 51 is fixed to the base 41 by operating the plurality of pin members 43 from the unclamped state to the clamped state in each coupler 42. .

  By covering the plurality of couplers 42 with the cover body 51 (main body portion 52), it is possible to prevent chips and cutting oil from adhering to the coupler 42 when processing a non-long workpiece. Thereby, when mounting the steady rest 31 on the base 41 for processing a long workpiece, the steady rest 31 can be positioned with high accuracy using the coupler 42.

  The cover body 51 further includes a tread plate portion 53. The tread board 53 is configured so that an operator can get on.

  The tread board 53 is provided on the main surface 52 a of the main body 52. The tread plate portion 53 has a shape extending in a plate shape from the main surface 52a. The footboard portion 53 is provided so as to extend from the main surface 52a to the machine front side. The tread board portion 53 has a flat surface portion 54. The flat surface portion 54 has a flat plate shape extending in the horizontal direction. The flat surface portion 54 is provided so as to extend in the horizontal direction from the main surface 41a to the front side of the machine. The plane part 54 has a rectangular plan view. The extension length of the tread board portion 53 from the main surface 41a is preferably 150 mm or more, more preferably 200 mm or more, and further preferably 250 mm or more.

  The tread plate portion 53 is provided adjacent to an opening portion that is generated when the door portion 23 is opened. The footboard portion 53 is provided at a position lower than the rotation center axis (center axis 101) of the main shaft. The tread board 53 is provided so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction together with the base 41.

  As described above, by providing the tread plate portion 53 on which the operator can get on the cover body 51, the accessibility to the processing area 110 can be improved. Thereby, it becomes easy to perform setup work such as replacement of workpieces and tools, cleaning work in the processing area 110, and the like.

  The structure of the footboard portion 53 is not particularly limited as long as the operator can ride it. For example, a block-shaped stepping plate portion may be provided on the main surface 52a, or a plurality of stepping plate portions may be provided in steps.

  The structure of the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention described above will be described together. The machine tool 10 according to the present embodiment is supported by the bed 12, the main shaft that rotates the workpiece, and the bed 12. And a steady rest device 31 as a work holding device that is provided so as to be attachable to and detachable from the base 41 and holds a work rotated by a main shaft. The base 41 has a coupler 42 as a positioning mechanism for positioning the steady rest device 31. The machine tool 10 includes a cover body 51 that is attached to the base 41 in place of the steady rest device 31 and is provided so as to cover the coupler 42. The cover body 51 has a tread plate portion 53 on which an operator can ride.

  According to the machine tool 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the cover body 51 is attached to the base 41 in place of the steady rest device 31 when processing a non-long workpiece. Further, it is possible to prevent chips and cutting oil from adhering to the coupler 42 and to repeatedly position the steady rest device 31 with high accuracy. In addition, by providing the tread plate portion 53 on the cover body 51, the operator's accessibility to the processing area 110 can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the work holding device in the present invention is the steadying device 31 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The work holding device may be, for example, a tailstock configured to be detachable from the machine tool. In the present embodiment, the case where the machine tool in the present invention is a lathe has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention is applied to a multi-tasking machine having a turning function and a milling function. May be.

(Embodiment 2)
10 and 11 are side views showing a footboard portion provided in the cover body in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the figure, the tread plate portion viewed from the direction indicated by the arrow X in FIG. 7 is shown. The machine tool in the present embodiment basically has the same structure as that of the machine tool 10 in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the description of the overlapping structure will not be repeated.

  With reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, in the present embodiment, tread plate portion 53 has a first state (the state shown in FIG. 10) in which the extending direction of flat portion 54 is a horizontal direction, and flat plate portion 54. It is attached to the main body 52 so as to be swingable so as to change between a second state (a state shown in FIG. 11) in which the extending direction is a direction including a vertical downward component.

  More specifically, the tread plate portion 53 further includes a shaft portion 61. The tread plate portion 53 is swingably attached to the main body portion 52 with the shaft portion 61 as a fulcrum. When an operator gets on the tread board 53, the tread board 53 is in the first state. At this time, the flat surface portion 54 is positioned so as to extend in the horizontal direction from the main surface 52a. When processing a workpiece, the tread plate portion 53 is in the second state. At this time, the flat surface portion 54 is positioned so as to extend in the same direction as the main surface 52a.

  According to the machine tool in the second embodiment of the present invention configured as described above, the effects described in the first embodiment can be similarly obtained. In addition, by changing the tread plate portion 53 to the second state at the time of machining the workpiece, it is possible to prevent chips associated with the workpiece machining from accumulating on the flat surface portion 54.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  The present invention is mainly applied to a machine tool having a turning function.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Machine tool, 12 beds, 21 Splash guard, 23 Door part, 24 Headstock, 25 Chuck, 26 Tool post, 27 Turning part, 28 Tailstock, 31 Stabilizer, 31b, 52b Bottom face, 32 Grasping arm, 36 , 57 Pull stud, 37 Groove, 38, 44, 55 Insertion hole, 41 Base, 41a, 52a Main surface, 42 Coupler, 43 Pin member, 43p Tip, 45 Block, 46, 46A, 46B Guide member, 51 Cover body, 52 body portion, 53 tread plate portion, 54 flat surface portion, 61 shaft portion, 101, 102 central axis, 110 machining area, 120 workpiece.

Claims (7)

Bed and
A spindle that rotates the workpiece,
A base supported by the bed;
A work holding device that is detachably provided on the base and holds a work rotated by the main shaft;
The base has a positioning mechanism for positioning the workpiece holding device, and
It is attached to the base instead of the work holding device, and includes a cover body provided to cover the positioning mechanism portion,
The cover body is a machine tool having a tread plate portion on which an operator can ride.   The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the tread plate portion includes a flat surface portion extending in a horizontal direction. The cover body further includes a main body that covers the positioning mechanism,
The tread plate portion changes between a first state in which the extending direction of the planar portion is a horizontal direction and a second state in which the extending direction of the planar portion is a direction including a vertical downward component. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the machine tool is swingably attached to the main body. The base further includes a fixing mechanism portion for fixing the work holding device,
The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cover body is fixed to the base by the fixing mechanism portion. It further includes a door section that divides the work processing area and is provided so that it can be opened and closed
The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tread plate portion is provided adjacent to an opening portion that is generated when the door portion is opened.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tread plate portion is provided at a position lower than a rotation center axis of the main shaft.   The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the workpiece holding device is a steadying device that holds an outer peripheral surface of the workpiece.

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