JP2017141544A - Variable diameter excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a lining body from becoming unstable or collapsing owing to ground pressure by avoiding a failure in excavation due to restraint by expansive ground etc., with respect to various excavators.SOLUTION: A variable-diameter excavator M1 has, at least at a front part of an excavator body 10, an outer shell 13 composed of a plurality of outer shell members 131 divided in a circumferential direction, and a plurality of closure members 133 installed between the plurality of outer shell members 131 and serving for closure between the respective outer shell members 131, and an outer shell member driving device 132 which moves all or some of the outer shell members 131 in a radial direction of the outer shell 13 is installed between an inner shell 12 and all or some of the plurality of outer shell members 131, so that the variable-diameter excavator can increase in diameter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable diameter excavator used for excavation of the ground, and in particular, when an inflatable ground or a constrained ground is encountered and excessive ground pressure is received from the ground, the aircraft is smoothly advanced. The present invention relates to a variable diameter excavator that secures and reliably constructs a lining body.

For example, as an excavator used for tunnel excavation work, a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as a shield machine used for excavation of various ground such as sand, clay and bedrock on flat ground, etc. Is simply known as TBM).
The shield machine includes an excavator body composed of a cutter head, an inner shell having a cylindrical structure, and an outer shell having a cylindrical structure surrounding the inner shell, and a propulsion device for propelling the main body. Rotate the cutter head to excavate the front ground and take the excavated earth and sand from the cutter head into the excavator body and evacuate it back, while assembling the segments using the erector inside the excavator body In addition to lining the natural ground in order, the propulsion device (propulsion jack) takes a reaction force on the lining body (segment) to dig. This type of shield machine is disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like.
The TBM, like the shield machine, is an excavator body composed of a cutter head, an inner shell having a cylindrical structure, and an outer shell having a cylindrical structure surrounding the inner shell, a propulsion device for propelling the main body of the excavator, etc. The machine cuts the shear cut by the cutter head to the rear through the inside of the excavator body, and lays the ground in order by assembling the segments using the erector inside the excavator body. The concrete is sprayed on the pit wall behind the machine. Then, a reaction force is applied to the segment by a propulsion device (propulsion jack) or a reaction force is applied to the excavated ground via a gripper. This type of TBM is disclosed in Patent Document 2 and the like.

JP2012-225127A JP2015-145597

  By the way, when excavating the ground using this type of excavator, you may encounter so-called inflatable ground or constrained ground that squeeze out to reduce the excavation cross section. If the ground pressure acts on the airframe, the airframe may be restrained by the ground and the excavator may not be able to dig, and if this excessive ground pressure acts on the lining body (segment), the lining body There exists a problem that there exists a possibility that the structure of may become unstable or it may be crushed.

  The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and in various excavating machines, even when an inflatable ground or a constraining ground is encountered and excessive ground pressure acts on the body from this ground. , Avoiding the aircraft being restrained by the ground and becoming unable to dig, and the excessive ground pressure acting on the lining body, causing the structure of the lining body to become unstable or crushed. The purpose is to prevent.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
With a cutter head,
An excavator body comprising an inner shell having a cylindrical structure and an outer shell having a cylindrical structure surrounding the inner shell;
A propulsion device for propelling the machine body;
With
At least a front portion of the excavator main body is configured such that the outer shell is divided in the circumferential direction and installed between the plurality of outer shell members and the plurality of outer shell members, and closes between the outer shell members. An outer shell for moving the whole or part of the outer shell member in the radial direction of the outer shell between the inner shell and the whole or part of the outer shell member. A member driving device is installed and configured to be able to expand the diameter.
This is the gist.

Moreover, it is preferable that each part of this variable diameter excavator is embodied as follows.
(1) All or part of the outer shell member is supported on the inner shell by an advancing / retracting outer shell member driving device, and the outer shell member is substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell. The propulsion device is mounted on the rear side of the excavator body.
(2) The front part and the intermediate part of the main body of the excavator are respectively divided into a plurality of outer shell members by dividing the outer shell in the circumferential direction, and between the outer shell members. A plurality of closing members for closing, all or part of the outer shell member at the front part and the intermediate part of the outer shell are connected to the inner shell via a shaft, and is driven forward and backward The outer shell member drive device is configured to be movable in the radial direction of the outer shell by tilting the front end side with the rear end of the outer shell member as the center of tilting, The parts are connected via an expansion / contraction member, and the propulsion device is mounted as an intermediate push / extension type propulsion device between the front part and the intermediate part of the excavator main body.
(3) Each of the plurality of outer shell members is a member having a substantially arc-shaped cross section.
(4) Instead of (3) above, each of the plurality of outer shell members is made of a member having a substantially arc-shaped cross section, and all or a part of the outer shell members are gradually reduced in diameter from the front end toward the rear end. It may be formed in a tapered shape.
(5) The front and rear ends of each outer shell member and each closing member are fixed to the inner shell before and after the plurality of outer shell members and the closing member, and each outer shell member moves in the radial direction of the outer shell. Slidably disposed, and when the diameter of the outer shell expands, the front and rear blocking members for blocking the inside and the outside of the main body of the excavator before and after each outer shell member and each closing member, A sealing material is interposed between the front and rear ends of the outer shell member and the closing member and the front and rear blocking members.
(6) The closing member includes a shielding member having a size capable of shielding between adjacent outer shell members moving in the radial direction of the outer shell on the inner surface side of each outer shell member, the shielding member, A sealing member interposed between the outer shell member and a shielding member that drives the outer shell member to follow the movement of the outer shell in the radial direction by bringing the shielding member into contact with each outer shell member. It consists of a drive device.
(7) The closing member includes a shielding member having a size capable of shielding adjacent outer shell members moving in the radial direction of the outer shell on the inner surface side of each outer shell member, and the shielding member A holding member that is held in contact with an inner surface of each outer shell member; a radial guide capable of moving and guiding the shielding member in the radial direction together with the radial movement of the outer shell of each outer shell member; and the shielding member It consists of the circumferential guide which can move and guide each said outer shell member to the circumferential direction above, and the sealing material interposed between the said shielding member and the said outer shell member.
(8) The closing member includes a shielding member having a guide surface that slides and guides each side surface of each adjacent outer shell member that moves in the radial direction of the outer shell, and between the shielding member and the outer shell member. It consists of a sealing material interposed.
(9) It is desirable that a jet water injection hole is formed in the closing member so as to penetrate between the inner surface and the outer surface, and a jet water injection device is connected to the jet water injection hole via a pipe or a hose.

  According to the variable diameter excavator of the present invention, the outer shell of at least the front portion of the excavator main body is configured to be capable of expanding the diameter by the above configuration. Even when the ground is encountered and excessive ground pressure acts on the aircraft from this ground, excavation is performed while overcutting the entire circumference of the front of the excavator with an enlarged cutter bit to expand the outer shell of the front of the excavator. By digging in diameter, when the aircraft is restrained by the ground, by reducing the outer shell of the front of the excavator, the restraining force of the ground against the aircraft is released and the aircraft is brought to the ground. While avoiding being restrained and becoming impossible to dig, and overcutting the entire circumference of the front part of the excavator with an enlarged diameter cutter bit in this way, the outer shell of the front part of the excavator is expanded and excavated, Soil expansion occurred due to large excavation around the machine body At the same time, it absorbs the expansion of the ground, reduces the excessive ground pressure of the ground, this excessive ground pressure acts on the lining body, the structure of the lining body becomes unstable or the lining body There is a special effect unique to the present invention that it can be prevented from being crushed.

The figure which shows the structure of the variable diameter excavator by the 1st Embodiment of this invention ((a) is front sectional drawing ((a-1) shows the state which is not diameter-expanded. (A-2) is expanded). The diameter is shown.), (B) is a side sectional view) The figure which shows the excavation procedure of the expansive ground with the variable diameter excavator The figure (side sectional view) showing the composition of the variable diameter excavator by the 2nd embodiment of the present invention The figure which shows the structure of the variable diameter excavator by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention ((a) is front sectional drawing ((a-1) shows the state at the time of an outer diameter reducing diameter. (A-2). Shows a state in which the outer diameter is expanded.), (B) is a side sectional view) The figure which shows the structure of the principal part of the variable diameter excavator by the 4th Embodiment of this invention ((a) is front fragmentary sectional view, (b) is bottom part sectional drawing) The figure which shows the structure of the variable diameter excavator by the 5th Embodiment of this invention (front sectional drawing (a-1) shows the state at the time of an outer diameter reducing. (A-2) is an outer diameter expanded. Shows the condition at diameter.)) The figure which shows the structure of the variable diameter excavator by the 6th Embodiment of this invention ((a) is side surface sectional drawing, (b) is the Q section enlarged view of (a)).

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, the variable diameter excavator M <b> 1 includes an excavator main body 10 including a cutter head 11, a cylindrical inner shell 12, and a cylindrical outer shell 13 surrounding the inner shell 12. And a propulsion device 16 for propelling the excavator main body 10.
In this variable diameter excavator M1, at least the front portion of the excavator main body 10 is installed between the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the outer shell members 131 by dividing the outer shell 13 in the circumferential direction. And a plurality of closing members 133 and 133d for closing between the outer shell members 131, and all or part of the outer shells between the inner shell 12 and all or a part of the plurality of outer shell members 131. An outer shell member driving device 132 for moving the member 131 in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 is installed and configured to be able to expand the diameter.

  This variable excavator M1 has a configuration common to a generally known TBM, and the excavator main body 10 includes an excavator front part 10F and an excavator rear part 10R, and the excavator front part 10F has an inner shell. 12, the outer shell 13F, the cutter head 11, the cutter head driving device 11D, etc., and the rear part 10R of the excavator is constituted by the outer shell 13R, the tail seal 14, the filler injection pipe 15, the propulsion device 16 and the like as a propulsion jack. The

Each part of the excavator front part 10F has the following configuration and functions.
The inner shell 12 is for attaching a cutter head 11 and an outer shell 13F (an outer shell member 131, a lower outer shell member 131d, a closing member 133, 133d, an outer shell member driving device 132, 132d, etc., which will be described later). It is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape by a frame made of steel or the like. A front partition 121 is formed on the front surface of the inner shell 12, and a cutter head holding chamber 122 is provided in the center thereof. Here, the front partition 121 is for rotatably supporting the cutter head 11 and for attaching the cutter head driving device 11D. The front partition 121 has a cross section in which the periphery of the cutter head holding chamber 122 faces the inside of the inner shell 12. An attachment portion 123 of the cutter head driving device is provided on the vertical wall of the vertical wall, and a shaft support portion 124 for supporting the cutter head 11 is projected forward from the lower end of the front surface of the vertical wall. The The cutter head waiting room 122 is a space (room) defined for an operator to enter and exit the cutter head 11 and the face for various operations such as exchanging the cutter bit of the cutter head 11, installation and removal of the soil removal device 114. It is.
The outer shell 13F will be described later.
The cutter head 11 is a disk-shaped, dome-shaped or wheel-shaped frame having a diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the outer shell 13 of the excavating machine main body 10. A plurality of diameter-enlarged cutter bits 111 used for enlarging are provided so as to be able to protrude and retract (can be immersed in the outer peripheral surface and can protrude from the outer peripheral surface to a predetermined length in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the excavator main body 10). The rotating shaft 110 projects from the center of the back surface, and a pinion gear 110G is provided on the outer peripheral surface in the circumferential direction. The cutter head 11 is rotatably supported by a shaft support portion 124 of a front partition 121 on the front surface of the inner shell 12 with a rotating shaft 110 on the back surface. In addition, a sealing material 112 is interposed between the cutter head 11 and the front partition wall 121, so that excavation soil and groundwater can be prevented from entering between the cutter head 11 and the front partition wall 121.
The cutter head drive device 11D is a drive motor for rotating the cutter head 11, and a drive gear 113G is provided on the rotation shaft thereof. The cutter head drive device 11D is attached to the attachment portion 123 of the front partition wall 121 on the front surface of the inner shell 12 with the drive gear 113G facing forward, and the drive gear 113G is engaged with the pinion gear 110G of the rotating shaft 110 of the cutter head 11. .
In this variable diameter excavator M1, a belt conveyor is passed as excavator 114 from the inside of the cutter head 11 through the cutter head holding chamber 122 into the excavator main body 10, and when the ground is excavated by the cutter head 11. It is in the form of discharging soil from the belt conveyor 114.

Each part of the excavator rear part 10R has the following configuration and functions.
The outer shell 13R forms the trunk of the excavator rear portion 10R, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape by a plate or a frame made of a plurality of steel materials, and an intermediate partition wall 125 is provided behind the outer shell 13F of the excavator front portion 10F. Connected through. Here, the middle partition 125 is formed in an annular shape, is fixed to the rear portion of the inner shell 12, and is provided in a projecting shape toward the inside. A rear partition wall 139 is formed at an inner peripheral middle portion of the outer shell 13R, and a propulsion jack mounting portion 140 is provided between the rear partition wall 139 and the intermediate partition wall 125. The rear portion of the mounting portion 140 of this propulsion jack is an assembly portion of the segment, and a tail seal 14 is attached to the rear end portion to prevent intrusion of earth and sand and groundwater from the gap between the outer shell 13R and the segment. The
The filler injection pipe 15 is a pipe for discharging the filler into a gap (a primary gap to be described later) generated around the outer shell 13R. The filler injection pipe 15 is piped in the rear part 10R of the excavator, and its base end is a supply source of the filler. The front end of the outer shell 13R is connected to a filler discharge port 150 formed between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the outer shell 13R. Here, the filler is preferably a plastic fluid containing, for example, bubbles and bubble styrene particles and having compressibility.
The propulsion jack 16 is for digging the variable diameter excavator M1 in the ground, and a hydraulic jack or the like is employed. The propulsion jack 16 is attached to the attachment portion 140 between the middle partition wall 125 and the rear partition wall 139 with the telescopic rod 161 facing the rear of the excavator rear portion 10R.

In this variable diameter excavator M1, the outer shell 13F of the excavator front part 10F forms the trunk of the excavator front part 10F, and is divided in the circumferential direction into a plurality of outer shell members 131 and 131d, It is provided between the outer shell members 131 and 131d and includes a plurality of closing members 133 and 133d for closing the space between the outer shell members 131 and 131d, and the inner shell 12 and the plurality of outer shell members 131 and 131d are all or Outer shell member driving devices 132 and 132d for moving all or part of the outer shell members 131 and 131d in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F are installed between them, and the diameter can be increased.
In this case, the outer shell 13F has six outer shell members 131 having a central angle of 45 degrees from the upper center toward both left and right sides, one lower outer shell member 131d having a central angle of 90 degrees, and the six outer shell members 131. It consists of five closing members 133 installed, and two lower closing members 133d installed between the lower outer shell member 131d and the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof. The lower outer shell member 131d forms the bottom of the excavator front part 13F. The central angles and the number of the outer shell members 131 and 131d are not limited to this, and are appropriately determined depending on the size of the excavation cross section, the ground conditions, and the like.

Each of the plurality of outer shell members 131 and 131d is made of a member having a substantially arc-shaped cross section, and all of these outer shell members 131 and 131d are supported on the inner shell 12 by a plurality of advancing and retracting outer shell member driving devices 132. The entire outer shell members 131 and 131d are configured to be movable in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 in a state of being substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13.
In this case, each of the six outer shell members 131 is formed in a substantially box shape whose inner surface is opened by a plate such as a steel material, and has a substantially arc-shaped (or substantially arc-shaped) outer plate forming the outer surface of the outer shell 13. 13-1, front and rear side plates 131-2 and 3 having a substantially arc shape (substantially arcuate), and left and right side plates 131-4 and 5 having a substantially rectangular shape. The front and rear side plates 131-2 and 3 extend substantially at right angles to the outer plate 131-1, and the left and right side plates 131-4 and 5 are obliquely inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the outer plate 131-1. Formed. One lower outer shell member 131d is also formed in a substantially box shape whose inner surface is opened by a plate made of steel or the like, similarly to each outer shell member 131, except that the central angle is different from each outer shell member 131. The outer plate 131d-1 having a substantially arcuate cross section (or a substantially arcuate cross section) forming the outer surface of the outer shell 13F, the front and rear side plates 131d-2, 3 having a substantially arcuate shape (substantially arcuate), It consists of side plates 131d-4 and 5. The front and rear side plates 131d-2 and 3 extend substantially at right angles to the outer plate 131d-1, and the left and right side plates 131d-4 and 5 are diagonally inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the outer plate 131d-1. Formed.
Each of the plurality of outer shell member driving devices 132 and 132d employs a hydraulic jack. In this case, the plurality of hydraulic jacks 132, 132d are respectively directed to the inner shells 12 corresponding to the outer shell members 131, 131d with the telescopic rods 132R, 132dR of the hydraulic jacks 132, 132d facing the outer shell members 131, 131d. Of each of the outer shell members 131 and 131d, the radial axis passing through the center of the cross section (that is, the arc-shaped cross section) in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the outer shell 13 of each outer shell member 131 and 131d (in FIG. B, C, D... (Indicated by B, G) are arranged substantially in parallel with the axis, and are attached to the respective surfaces of the inner shell 12 so as to be swingable in the circumferential direction of the inner shell 12. The tip is coupled to the inner side surface of each outer shell member 131, 131d via a shaft so as to be swingable in the circumferential direction of the outer shell member 131, 131d.
In this way, the outer shell members 131 and 131d are arranged on the inner shell 12 in a state substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13F. The outer shell member driving devices 132 and 132d By moving in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F in a substantially parallel state, the outer shell 13F of the excavator front portion 10F is configured to be freely expandable and contractable to an arbitrary diameter.

The plurality of closing members 133 and 133d are five lower closing members 131d installed between the five closing members 133 installed between the outer shell members 131, the lower outer shell member 131d, and the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof. It consists of.
Each closing member 133 includes a shielding member 134 having a size capable of shielding between adjacent outer shell members 131 moving in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 </ b> F on the inner surface side of each outer shell member 131, and a shielding member 134. The sealing member 135 interposed between the outer shell member 131 and the shielding member 135 is brought into contact with each outer shell member 131 to drive following the movement of the outer shell member 131 in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F. And a shielding member driving device 136.
In this case, the shielding member 134 is formed on the side plates 131-4 and 5 of the adjacent outer shell members 131 regardless of the change in the interval between the opposing side plates 131-4 and 5 of the adjacent outer shell members 131. It consists of plates, such as steel materials which have the predetermined width and length which can shield between the side plates 131-4 and 5 in contact with the lower edge, and this shielding member 134 prevents the invasion of ground soil and groundwater. The outer surface of the shielding member 134 has a substantially circular (circular) cross section.
The sealing material 135 is formed with grooves along the lower ends of the left and right side plates 131-4, 5 of each outer shell member 131, and is attached to the grooves. The shielding member 134 and the outer shell members 131-4, 131 are then attached. -5.
A plurality of hydraulic jacks are employed for the shielding member driving device 136. In this case, each shielding member 134 is located at the lower end of each of the left and right side plates 131-4 and 131-5 of each outer shell member 131 at each position between the outer shell members 131 adjacent to each other immediately below the inner shell 12. A plurality of recesses 126 are formed so as to be able to come into contact with each other, a plurality of hydraulic jacks 136 are attached to the bottom surface of the recesses 126, and the telescopic rods 136 </ b> R of each hydraulic jack 136 are connected to the inner surface of the shielding member 134.
Similarly to each closing member 133, each lower closing member 133d has a space between the lower outer shell member 131d moving in the radial direction of the outer shell 133F and the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof. A shielding member 134d having a size that can be shielded on the inner surface side thereof, seal members 135d and 135 interposed between the shielding member 134d and the outer shell members 131d and 131, and the shielding member 134d. The shielding member driving device 136d is driven to follow the movement of the outer shell members 131d and 131 in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F in contact with 131d and 131.
In this case, the shielding member 134d is formed of the lower outer shell 131d regardless of the change in the distance between the side plates 131d-4 and 5 of the lower outer shell member 131d and the side plates 131-5 and 4 of the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof. A predetermined width capable of shielding between the side plates 131d-4, 5, 131-5, 4 in contact with the lower ends of the side plates 131d-4, 5, 131-4, 5 of the member 131d and the outer shell members 131; It consists of a plate of steel or the like having a length, and the shielding member 134d prevents invasion of ground soil and groundwater. The outer surface of the shielding member 134d has a substantially circular (circular) arc shape in cross section.
The sealing material 135d is the lower end of each of the left and right side plates 131d-4 and 5 of the lower outer shell member 131d, and the sealing material 135 is one side plate on the lower outer shell member 131 side of each outer shell member 131 on both sides of the lower outer shell member 131d. A groove is formed along the lower end of 131d-5, 4 and attached to this groove, and is interposed between the shielding member 134d and the outer shell members 131d, 131.
A plurality of hydraulic jacks are employed in the shielding member driving device 136d. In this case, each shielding member 134d is placed at a position directly below the lower outer shell member 131d of the inner shell 12 and the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof, and the left and right side plates 131d-4 of the outer shell members 131d and 131, respectively. 5, 131-4, a plurality of recesses 126d are formed so as to be able to be stored in contact with the lower edge portions, and a plurality of hydraulic jacks 136d are provided on the bottom surface of the recesses 126d on the outer shell member 131 side. The telescopic rod 136dR of each hydraulic jack 136d is connected to the inner surface of the shielding member 134d so as to be swingable in the circumferential direction of the inner shell 12 through the shaft. A plurality of hydraulic jacks 136d are fixed to the bottom surface of the recess 126d on the lower outer shell member 131d side, and the telescopic rod 136dR of each hydraulic jack 136d is a shielding member 1. It is swingably connected in the circumferential direction of the inner shell 12 via the shaft to the inner surface of 4d.
Further, in this lower closing member 133d, the deviation preventing member is located at a predetermined position on the inner side surfaces of the lower outer shell member 131d and the outer shell members 131 on both sides of the lower outer shell member 131d by a predetermined distance from the left and right side surfaces of each shielding member 134d. 138 protrudes and is arranged on both the left and right sides of each shielding member 134d with a predetermined interval. The deviation prevention member 138 is a plate that is fixed to the inner side surface of the lower outer shell member 131d and the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof and extends along the left and right sides of each shielding member 134d. Deviation in the circumferential direction of the member 133d is prevented.
In this way, each shielding member 134d is disposed on the inner shell 12 in a state substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13F, and the outer shell members 131 and 131d are each adjacent to each other as the diameter increases or decreases. Due to a change in the separation between the shell members 131 and 131d (a change in which the side plates 131-4, 5 and 131d-4 and 5 on the left and right sides of the adjacent outer shell members 131 and 131d are gradually separated or approached). Correspondingly, each of the shield member driving devices 136 and 136d moves in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F in a state substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13F, thereby moving in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F. The outer shell members 131 and 131d can be shielded (closed) at all times.

The outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 134 and 134d and the inner shell 12 are hermetically partitioned by these members to form an annular space, and the outer shell member described above is formed in this space. Driving devices 132 and 132d and shielding member driving devices 136 and 136d are installed. It is preferable that this space is further filled with a plastic fluid mixed with air, urethane foam, or the like, or a gas to serve as a replenishment mechanism. In this case, it is preferable that this plastic fluid can be filled and discharged.
An air jack may be used instead of the hydraulic jack as an expansion / contraction mechanism for enlarging or reducing the diameter of each outer shell member 131, 131d, and the shielding members 134, 134d of the respective closing members 133, 133d are moved in the radial direction. An air jack or a spring may be used as the expansion / contraction mechanism instead of the hydraulic jack.
In this way, due to the vibration absorption performance, for example, in excavation in the ground of the variable diameter excavator M1, vibration generated when the face is excavated by the cutter head 11 is transmitted to the ground around the excavator main body 10. Can be prevented, and the generation of noise can be suppressed.

  Further, in the excavator front part 10F, the excavator is provided before and after the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d, respectively, before and after the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d. Front and rear blocking members 171 and 172 for blocking the inside and the outside of the main body 10 are provided. The front and rear shielding members 171 and 172 are fixed to the inner shell 12, and the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d are moved forward and backward by the movement of the outer shell members 131 and 131d in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F. It is a bowl-shaped plate that is slidably disposed with its ends abutting, and a sealing material is provided between the front and rear ends of the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d and the front and rear blocking members 171 and 172. It is installed. In this case, the front shielding member 171 extends in an annular shape by extending the outer periphery of the front partition 121 of the inner shell 12, and the rear shielding member 172 extends the outer periphery of the middle partition 125 at the rear of the inner shell 12. When the diameter of the outer shell 13F is reduced, the outer plates 131-1 and 131d-1 of the outer shell members 131 and 131d are positioned at substantially the same positions as the outer peripheral edge portions of the front and rear blocking members 171 and 172. The entire surface of each of the side plates 131-2, 131, 131d-2 and 3 before and after the outer shell members 131 and 131d comes into contact with the front and rear blocking members 171 and 172, and the outer shell 13F is When the diameter is increased, that is, when the outer shell members 131 and 131d are moved outward, the outer plates 131-1 and 131d-1 of the outer shell members 131 and 131d are disposed on the front and rear shielding members 171 and 172, respectively. Projects outward from the outer peripheral edge, and Part of each side plate 131-2, 131, 131d-2, 3 (in this case, the edge on the opening side) of the members 131, 131d overlaps (overlaps) the front and rear blocking members 171, 172. Formed. The sealing material is mounted in grooves formed on the inner surfaces of the front and rear blocking members 171 and 172, and the front and rear blocking members 171 and 172, the outer shell members 131 and 131d, and the front and rear ends of the closing members 133 and 133d, respectively. It is inserted between. The front and rear blocking members 171 and 172 block the inside and the outside of the excavator main body 10 before and after the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d when the diameter of the outer shell 13F is increased.

In this way, the variable-diameter excavator M1 has the outer shell member drive devices 132 and 132d of the excavator front part 10F, that is, the telescopic rods 132R and 132dR of the hydraulic jacks 132 and 132d, the shielding member drive, in the normal good ground. With the devices 136 and 136d, that is, the telescopic rods 136R and 136dR of the hydraulic jacks 136 and 136d completely contracted and the diameter of the outer shell 13F being the smallest, the cutter head 11 is rotated to excavate the front ground. The earth and sand thus taken are taken into the excavator main body 10 by the belt conveyor 114 from the cutter head 11 and discharged to the rear, while the segments are assembled by the elector inside the excavator main body 10 to sequentially cover the ground. , Reaction force to the lining body (segment) by the propulsion device 16, that is, the propulsion jack 16 It is excavation taking.
When the variable diameter excavator M1 encounters an inflatable ground or a constrained ground while excavating the ground, the variable diameter excavator M1 is confined by excessive ground pressure from the inflatable ground. In order to avoid disabling, it is also possible to prevent the structure from becoming unstable or crushing due to excessive ground pressure acting on the lining body assembled at the rear of the variable diameter excavator M1. Therefore, the variable excavator M temporarily stops excavation, and the excavation of the ground proceeds in the following procedure.
[Procedure for exploring expansive ground using variable diameter excavator]
(1) Predicting that the variable diameter excavator M1 encounters an inflatable ground or a constrained ground while excavating the ground using a measuring means such as ground exploration.
For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (1), the position of the expandable ground is confirmed by forward exploration boring from within the variable diameter excavator M1.
(2) Immediately before the expansive ground (approx. About 10m before), digging while overcutting the range of about 90 degrees below the front part of the excavator 10F with the enlarged diameter cutter bit 111, and lowering the lower part of the front part 10F of the excavator Excavate.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), the variable diameter excavator M1 extends from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 11 only by the lower diameter expansion cutter bit 111 and is fixed at a predetermined diameter expansion position. The diameter cutter bit 111 is excavated and stopped while greatly excavating the range of about 90 degrees below the excavator front part 10F.
(3) The diameter of the lower part of the outer shell 13F of the excavator front part 10F is expanded.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), the lower outer shell member 131d of the excavator front portion 10F expands together with the closing members 133d between the lower outer shell member 131d and the outer shell members 131 on both sides thereof. Diameter. That is, the lower outer shell member 131d is moved outward by the extension of the lower outer shell member driving device 132d, that is, the telescopic rod 132dR of the hydraulic jack 132d, and each closing member 133d is moved by the shielding member 134d. 136d, that is, the extension rod 136dR of the hydraulic jack 136d is extended to move outward. At this time, the lower outer shell member 131d and the hydraulic jacks 132d and 136d of the respective shielding members 134d cooperate with each other and are extended by adjusting the moving speed, so that the lower outer shell member 131d is connected to the lower outer shell member 131d and each of the both sides thereof. While the space between the outer shell member 131 and the outer shell member 131 is shielded by each shielding member 134d, the outer shell member 131 is moved in the diameter increasing direction, and the lower portion of the excavator front portion 10F is expanded.
In this case, the lower closing member 133d is prevented from deviating in the circumferential direction of the lower closing members 133d by the deviation preventing members 138 on both sides thereof. Further, since the moving speed of the lower outer shell member 131d and the moving speed of each closing member 133d are adjusted in the diameter expansion of the outer shell 13F, each shielding member 134d is connected to the side plate 131d-4, 5 of the lower outer shell member 131d. And the side plates 131d-4, 5, 131- of the lower outer shell member 131d and the outer shell member 131, regardless of the change in the distance between the outer shell member 131 and the side plates 131-4, 5 of the outer shell member 131 on both sides thereof. 4 and 5, and the seal member 135 is interposed between each shielding member 134 d, the lower outer shell member 131 d, and each outer shell member 131. Intrusion of ground soil and groundwater from between the shell member 131d and each outer shell member 131 is reliably prevented. Further, blocking members 171 and 172 are provided before and after the lower outer shell member 131d and the closing members 133d on both sides of the lower outer shell member 131d, and between the lower outer shell member 131d and the front and rear ends of each closing member 133d and the front and rear blocking members 171 and 172. Since the sealing material 135d is interposed between the lower outer shell member 131d and each of the closing members 133d, the earth and sand and groundwater can be reliably prevented from entering before and after the lower shell member 131d.
(4) Excavation is performed while overcutting the entire circumference of the excavator front part 10F with the diameter-enlarged cutter bit 111, and the entire circumference of the excavator front part 10F is dug.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 2 (3), in the variable diameter excavator M1, each of the upper side enlarged diameter cutter bits 111 is extended from the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 11 and fixed at a predetermined enlarged diameter position. With the diameter cutter bit 111, the entire periphery of the excavator front part 10F is excavated and stopped while being excavated. In the case of a collapsible ground, the ground may be improved as necessary so that the ground does not collapse.
(5) The diameter of the outer shell 13F of about 270 degrees in the upper part of the excavator front part 10F is expanded, and the entire excavator front part 10F is expanded.
In this case, each outer shell member 131 of the excavator front part 10 </ b> F is expanded in diameter together with each closing member 133 between the outer shell members 131. That is, each outer shell member 131 is moved outward by the extension of the outer shell member driving device 132, that is, the telescopic rod 132R of the hydraulic jack 132, and each closing member 133 is moved by the shielding member 134 by the shielding member driving device 136. That is, when the telescopic rod 136R of the hydraulic jack 136 is extended, the hydraulic jack 136 is moved outward. At this time, the hydraulic jacks 132 and 136 of each outer shell member 131 and each shielding member 134 cooperate with each other and are extended by adjusting the moving speed, and each outer shell member 131 is shielded between each outer shell member 131. While being shielded by the member 134, it is moved in the diameter increasing direction, and the entire circumference of the excavator front part 10F is expanded.
In addition, since the moving speed of each outer shell member 131 and the moving speed of each closing member 133 are adjusted in the diameter expansion of the outer shell 13F, each shielding member 134 is a side plate 131- of each adjacent outer shell member 131. Regardless of the change in the spacing between the four and five, the sealing material is in contact with the lower ends of the side plates 131-4 and 5 of each outer shell member 131, and between each shielding member 134 and each outer shell member 131. Since 135 is interposed, intrusion of earth and sand and groundwater from the ground between each shielding member 134 and each outer shell member 131 is reliably prevented. Further, blocking members 171 and 172 are provided in front of and behind each outer shell member 131 and each closing member 133, and a seal is provided between the front and rear ends of each outer shell member 131 and each closing member 133 and the front and rear shielding members 171 and 172. Since the material is interposed, when the diameter of the outer shell 13F is increased, intrusion of ground soil and groundwater from the front and rear of each outer shell member 131 and each closing member 133 is reliably prevented.
(6) As shown in FIG. 2 (4), the excavation of the expandable ground is started by the variable-diameter excavator M1 in which the excavator front portion 10F is expanded.
In this case, the variable diameter excavator M1 has the largest diameter of the outer shell 13F of the excavator front part 10F, the cutter head 11 is rotated to excavate the front ground, and the excavated earth and sand are belted from the cutter head 111. The conveyor 114 takes in the excavator main body 10 and discharges it to the rear, while the segments are assembled by the elector inside the excavator main body 10 to cover the ground in order, and the propulsion device 16, that is, the propulsion jack 16 digs with the reaction force applied to the lining body (segment). When this expandable ground is dug with the expanded excavator body 10, the ground expands with time, but normally the amount of expansion is small and the excavator body 10 is restrained. There is nothing. Even if the ground starts to expand from around the excavator rear portion 10R, the excavator rear portion 10R has a small diameter with an outer diameter difference corresponding to the amount of expansion, and is not restrained. This excavator rear part 10R is an assembly part of a segment, does not have an expansion / contraction diameter function, and has a normal excavation diameter. When the outer shell 13F of the excavator front part 10F is expanded, the diameter of the excavator rear part 10R is Since it is small, a level | step difference will arise in the ground around the excavator rear part 10R, and a space will be generated around the excavator rear part 10R. Here, this space is called a primary gap. When it takes time to expand the ground and the surroundings of the rear part 10R of the excavator become hollow, a filler having compressibility and flexibility is injected into the primary gap to hold the ground. This filler is, for example, a mixture of clay, bentonite, polymer absorbent, water, mixed with air, or mixed with expanded glass particles or expanded styrene particles. It is preferable to use a material. In this way, the ground is prevented from exerting tightening or excessive pressure on the excavator main body 10. Further, the resistance to the propulsion of the excavator main body 10 is reduced. Also, a commonly used backfill material is injected and filled in the secondary gap, which is the gap between the segment and the tail plate. The backfilling material preferably has a contractibility including bubbles and foaming material according to the expansion amount of the expandable ground.
When the machine body is constrained by the ground due to the expansion of the ground during the excavation of the variable diameter excavator M1, the outer shell 13F of the excavator front part 10F, that is, the outer shell members 131 and 131d are respectively closed members. 133, 133d (see FIG. 1) and the respective driving devices 132, 132d, 136, 136d (see FIG. 1) are moved inward to reduce the diameter of the outer shell 13F of the excavator front 10F. . That is, the outer shell members 131 and 131d are moved inward by contraction of the telescopic rods 132R and 132dR of the hydraulic jacks 132 and 132d, and the closing members 133 and 133d are respectively connected to the hydraulic jacks 136 and 134d. Due to the contraction of the 136d telescopic rods 136R and 136dR, they are moved inward. At this time, the hydraulic jacks 132, 132d, 136, 136d of the outer shell members 131, 131d and the shielding members 134, 134d cooperate with each other and are extended by adjusting the moving speed, so that the outer shell members 131, 131d While the space between the outer shell members 131 and 131d is shielded by the shielding members 134 and 134d, the outer shell member is moved in the diameter increasing direction, and the entire circumference of the excavator front portion 10F is reduced. Even when the diameter of the outer shell 13F is reduced, the moving speed of the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the moving speed of the closing members 133 and 133d are adjusted, so that the shielding members 134 and 134d are adjacent to the outer shells. The lower ends of the side plates 131-4, 131d-4, 5 of the outer shell members 131, 131d, regardless of the change in the spacing between the side plates 131-4, 131d-4, 5 of the members 131, 131d. Since the sealing members 135 and 135d are interposed between the shielding members 134 and 134d and the outer shell members 131 and 131d, the shielding members 134 and 134d and the outer shell members 131, Intrusion of ground soil and groundwater from between 131d is reliably prevented. Further, blocking members 171 and 172 are provided before and after the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d, respectively, and the front and rear ends of the outer shell members 131 and 131d and the closing members 133 and 133d and the blocking members at the front and rear. Since the sealing material is interposed between 171 and 172, when the diameter of the outer shell 13F is reduced, the earth and sand and groundwater enter the ground from the front and rear of each outer shell member 131 and 131d and each closing member 133 and 133d. It is surely prevented. Thereby, the restraining force of the ground with respect to the variable diameter excavator M1 is reduced and released, the escape of the variable diameter excavator M1 from the constrained ground becomes easy, and the variable diameter excavator M1 can continue to excavate.
In addition, when the ground expands and the ground pressure increases excessively, the ground excavator main body 10 that has been expanded in diameter passes over the length of the body, and a primary gap is generated between the excavator rear 10R and the excavation cross section. Is filled with the above-described filler having compressibility and flexibility. By doing in this way, when the ground expands, the excessive pressure is reduced, and the excessive ground pressure does not act on the lining body (segment).

  As described above, in this variable diameter excavator M1, the outer shell 13F at the front portion of the excavator main body 10 is divided in the circumferential direction to form a plurality of outer shell members 131, 131d, a plurality of outer shell members 131, The outer shell members 131 and 131d are installed between the outer shell members 131 and 131d, and each outer shell member is interposed between the inner shell 12 and the outer shell members 131 and 131d. The outer shell member driving devices 132 and 132d for moving the 131 and 131d in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F are installed and configured to be able to expand the diameter. When excessive ground pressure is applied to the aircraft from this ground, excavation is performed while overcutting the entire circumference of the front part 10F of the excavator with the enlarged diameter cutter bit 111, and the front part of the excavator Outside 10F By expanding the diameter of 13F and excavating, when the aircraft is restrained by the ground, by reducing the diameter of the outer shell of the front portion of the excavating machine 10F, the restraining force of the ground against the aircraft is reduced and released. The machine body can be easily escaped from the ground. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the machine body from being restrained by the ground and becoming unable to dig, and the digging machine main body 10 can be smoothly digged even on an inflatable ground. In addition, while enlarging the outer shell 13F of the excavator front part 10F while overcutting the entire circumference of the excavator front part 10F with the diameter-expanding cutter bit 111 in this way, the circumference of the excavator main body 10 is enlarged. By excavating, when the expansion of the ground occurs, the expansion of the ground is absorbed, the excessive ground pressure of the ground is reduced, and this ground pressure acts on the lining body (segment) to cover it. It is possible to prevent the structure of the work body from becoming unstable and the cover body from being crushed. Thereby, it is possible to use a lining body (for example, a segment) having a reasonable strength against a reduced pressure.

In the first embodiment, all the outer shell members 131 and 131d are illustrated as being configured to be movable in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F. However, some outer shell members 131 and 131d and closing members are configured. 133 and 133d may be configured to be movable in the radial direction of the outer shell 13F. For example, each outer shell member 131 excluding the lower outer shell member 131d of the front part 10F of the excavator, that is, each outer shell member 131 on the upper and left and right sides is configured to be movable (expandable) as described above. The lower outer shell member 131d is not movable, that is, the hydraulic jack 132 of the lower outer shell member 131d is replaced with a connecting member such as a fixed column or a fixed frame, and is fixed to the inner shell 12 by the connecting member and integrated. (In this case, the center of the cross section of the inner shell 12 and the center of the cross section of the lower outer shell member 131d are substantially the same). In this case, since the periphery of the outer shell member 131 other than the lower outer shell member 131d is excavated by the enlarged diameter cutter bit 111 on the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 11, the enlarged diameter cutter bit 111 rotates around the lower outer shell member 131d. In some cases, it is preferable to provide a mechanism that moves in the direction of diameter reduction, that is, a copy cutter mechanism. Further, the diameter-enlarged cutter bit 111 is disposed and fixed on a part of the outer peripheral surface of the cutter head 11 so that the diameter-enlarged cutter bit 111 reciprocally rotates only around the outer shell member 131 other than the lower outer shell member 131d. Various mechanisms may be employed.
In this embodiment, the excavation hole is covered by the segment, but the covering method is not limited to the segment. Depending on the geological conditions, a spraying method or a support method that assembles and supports liners, etc. may be adopted. Depending on the amount of expansion of the expandable ground, the support method can be reduced (variable diameter support method). It is also possible to do.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the variable diameter excavator M1 is exemplified as a TBM, but it can be applied to various excavators that excavate the ground including the underground excavator that excavates a vertical hole. Similar effects can be obtained.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment.
The variable diameter excavator M2 of this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the shape of the outer shell 23F of the excavator front portion 20F and the mounting position of the filler injection pipe 25. Only the above will be described with a new reference numeral. In addition, the same code | symbol as 1st Embodiment is attached | subjected to the member common to 1st Embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the plurality of outer shell members 231 (excluding the lower outer shell member 131 d) of the outer shell 23 of the excavator front portion 20 </ b> F are each made of a member having a substantially arc-shaped cross section, and each outer shell member 231. The outer surface of the taper is tapered so that the diameter is gradually reduced from the front end toward the rear end.
In this case, each of the six outer shell members 231 except for the lower outer shell member 131d is formed in a substantially box shape whose inner side surface is opened by a plate such as a steel material, and has a substantially arc-shaped cross section (or an outer surface of the outer shell 23F) (or The front side plate 231 includes an outer plate 231-1 having a substantially arcuate cross-section, front and rear side plates 231-2 and 3 having a substantially arc shape (substantially arcuate), and left and right side plates 231-4 and 5 having substantially rectangular shapes. -2 is smaller (shorter) in the height direction of the rear side plate 231-3 (dimensions between the opening side edge portion and the outer plate side edge portion of the rear side plate 231-3) than the outer plate 231. -1 is formed in a tapered shape having a diameter gradually reduced from the front end toward the rear end. The front and rear side plates 231-2 and 3 extend substantially at right angles to the outer plate 231-1, and the left and right side plates 231-4 and 5 are oblique to the outer plate 231-1 at a predetermined angle. The points formed in are the same as in the first embodiment.
In this way, the outer shell members 231 except for the lower outer shell member 131d are arranged on the inner shell 12 in a state substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 23F. By moving in the radial direction of the outer shell 23F in a state substantially parallel to the axis, the outer shell 23F of the excavator front portion 20F is configured to be freely expandable and contractable to an arbitrary diameter.
Thus, since each outer shell member 231 except for the lower outer shell member 131d is tapered, it is possible to cope with rapid expansion of the ground due to the expandable ground or the like.
As described above, the filler injection pipe 25 is a pipe for discharging the filler into a gap (a primary gap described later) generated around the outer shell 23F. Here, the filler injection pipe 25 is piped into the front part 20F of the excavator, The base end thereof is connected to a filler supply source, and the tip thereof is connected to a filler discharge port 250 formed at the center in the front-rear direction of the outer shell 23F so as to penetrate between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the outer shell 23F. Connected. Here, the filler is the same as in the first embodiment in that it is a plastic fluid containing bubbles and bubble styrene particles and having compressibility.
In this way, when the outer shell 23F of the excavator front part 20F is expanded in diameter, the outer shell 23F of the excavator front part 20F is tapered and decreases in diameter from the front end side toward the rear end. As a result, there is a step in the ground around the rear from the rear side of the front part 20F of the excavator, a primary gap is generated from the rear side of the front part 20F of the excavator 20 to the rear, and it takes time for the ground to expand. When the periphery of the machine main body 10 is hollow, a compressible and flexible filler is injected into the primary gap to hold the ground.
In this way, the filler injection pipe 25 is piped to the front part 20F of the excavator, the filler discharge port 250 is provided in the outer shell 23F, and the filler having compressibility and flexibility is injected into the primary gap. By holding the above, it is possible to prevent the ground from being tightened or excessively applied to the excavator main body 10 and to reduce the resistance to the propulsion of the excavator main body 10.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment.
The variable diameter excavator M3 of this embodiment is slightly different from the first embodiment in the structure of the inner shell 32 and the cutter head 31, and is newly provided with equipment for injecting jet water to each closing member 133. Since these are slightly different from those of the first embodiment, these points will be described with new reference numerals. In addition, the same code | symbol as 1st Embodiment is attached | subjected to the member common to 1st Embodiment.
The inner shell 32 is for attaching the cutter head 31 and the outer shell 13, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape by a plurality of frames made of steel or the like. A front partition 321 is formed on the front surface of the inner shell 32. Here, the front partition 321 rotatably supports the cutter head 31 and attaches the cutter head driving device 31D. The front partition 321 is formed on the entire front surface of the inner shell 32, and the cutter head is attached to the front wall 321. 31 is formed in a substantially annular shape concentrically with the center of the front wall 321, and a bearing 323 is attached to the swivel ring insertion part 322, and close to the bearing 323 inside the front partition 321. The attachment part 324 of the cutter head driving device is provided at the position.
The cutter head 31 is a disk-shaped, dome-shaped or wheel-shaped frame having a diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the outer shell 13 of the excavating machine main body 10. A plurality of diameter-enlarged cutter bits 311 used for enlarging are provided so as to be able to protrude and retract (can be immersed in the outer peripheral surface and can protrude from the outer peripheral surface to a predetermined length in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the excavator main body 10) A revolving wheel 310 is projected at the center of the back surface, and a pinion gear 310G is provided on the outer peripheral surface in the circumferential direction. In this cutter head 31, a swivel ring 310 on the back is rotatably supported by a bearing 323 of a front partition 321 on the front of the inner shell 32.
The cutter head drive device 32D is a drive motor for rotating the cutter head 31, and a drive gear 313G is provided on the rotation shaft thereof. This cutter head drive device 31D is attached to the attachment portion 324 of the front partition 321 on the front surface of the inner shell 32 with the drive gear 313G facing forward, and the drive gear 313G meshes with the pinion gear 310G of the swivel ring 310 of the cutter head 31. .
Further, in this case, a soil discharge port 325 is provided at the lower portion of the front partition wall 321, and a screw conveyor is passed as a soil discharge device 326 from the soil discharge port 325 into the excavator body 10, and the ground is excavated by the cutter head 31. In this case, the slip that is generated at the time is discharged by the screw conveyor 326.
The structure of the inner shell 32 and the cutter head 31 is an example of a type of excavator, and shows that the expansion / contraction structure of the outer shell 13F can be applied to various types of excavators.
The facility for injecting the jet water includes a plurality of jet water penetrating between the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the shielding members 134 and 134d in a line in the center in the left-right direction of the shielding members 134 and 134d of the respective closing members 133 and 133d. An injection hole 380 is formed, and a jet water injection device (not shown) is connected to the jet water injection hole 380 via a pipe or a hose 381.
By doing in this way, when each outer shell member 131, 131d whose diameter has been expanded is reduced in diameter, the side plates 131-4, 5, 131d-4 on the left and right sides of the adjacent outer shell members 131, 131d. However, at this time, jet water is supplied from the jet water injection device and is injected from the jet water injection holes 380 and 380d of the respective closing members 133 and 133d, so that each outer shell member The earth and sand can be excluded from between the side plates 131-4 and 131 and 131d-4 and 5 of 131 and 131d, and the biting of the earth and sand can be prevented.

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment.
In the variable diameter excavator M4 of this embodiment, the movement type of each closing member 433 in the radial direction of the shielding member 434 is different from that of the first embodiment. A description will be given. In addition, the same code | symbol as 1st Embodiment is attached | subjected to the member common to 1st Embodiment.
Further, this embodiment is employed when adjacent outer shell members 131 have the same chord length.
As shown in FIG. 5, the closing member 433 has a size that can shield the adjacent outer shell members 131 moving in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 on the inner surface side of the outer shell members 131. The member 434, the holding member 435 that holds the shielding member 434 in contact with the inner surface of each outer shell member 131, and the shielding member 434 in the radial direction along with the radial movement of the outer shell 13 of each outer shell member 131. A radial guide 436 that can be moved and a circumferential guide 437 that can move and guide the adjacent outer shell members 131 on the shielding member 434 in the circumferential direction, and the shielding member 434 and the outer shell member 131 are interposed. It is comprised with the sealing material 438 made.
In this case, the shielding member 434 has the side plates 131-4 of the adjacent outer shell members 131 regardless of the change in the distance between the opposing side plates 131-4 and 131-5 of the adjacent outer shell members 131. , 131-5, and a plate made of steel or the like having a predetermined width and length that can shield between the side plates 131-4 and 131-5. Intrusion is prevented. The outer surface of the shielding member 434 has a substantially circular (circular) cross section. In addition, elongated holes 434a having a predetermined length extending in the circumferential direction are formed in the four corners of the shielding member 434 as a part of the circumferential guide 437 so as to penetrate between the outer surface and the inner surface of the shielding member 434. The
The holding member 435 is fixed to the left and right ends of the front part and the rear part on the inner side surfaces of the adjacent outer shell members 131, and the outer shell members 131 move in the radial directions of the elongated holes 434 a at the four corners of the shielding member 434. Four guide rods 435a that form part of a circumferential guide 437 that is movably inserted in the circumferential direction along each elongated hole 434a, and each guide rod at the position of each elongated hole 434a on the inner surface of the shielding member 434 A guide carriage 435b that is part of a circumferential guide 437 that is inserted through 435a and arranged to be movable in the circumferential direction, and is wound around each guide rod 435a inside each guide carriage 435b. Four guides 435b that are compressed between the carriage 435b and a holding member 435c that is detachably attached to the inner end of each guide rod 435a, press the guide carriage 435b against the shielding member 434. Yl constituted by a spring 435d. Here, a bolt is used for each guide rod 435a. Each guide carriage 435b is formed by a substantially rectangular parallelepiped block, and has a carriage main body 435b-1 having a rod insertion hole in the center of the upper and lower surfaces, a left end of the front face of the carriage main body 435b-1, and a left end of the rear face. And two right axles 435b-2 inserted between the rear ends and four wheels 435b-3 attached to both ends of each axle 435b-2.
The radial guide 436 is fixed at the center of the inner surface of the shielding member 434 and is elongated at a position corresponding to the elongated guide plate 436-1 having a predetermined length and the guide plate 436-1 of the inner shell 12. A guide hole 436-2 that can be inserted through the guide plate 436-1, and a guide cylinder 436 that extends in the radial direction from the guide hole 436-2 and can be fitted into the guide cylinder 436-1. -3.
The circumferential guide 437 includes the long holes 434a, the guide rods 435a, and the guide carriages 435b.
The sealing material 438 has grooves formed along the left and right edges on the inner surface of each outer shell member 131, is attached to the grooves, and is interposed between the shielding member 434 and the outer shell member 131.
In this way, each shielding member 434 is arranged on the inner shell 12 in a state substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13, and each outer shell adjacent to each other as the diameter of each outer shell member 131 increases or decreases. Corresponding to the change in the separation between the members 131 (change in which the side plates 131-4 and 131-5 on the left and right sides of the adjacent outer shell members 131 are gradually separated or approached), the radial guide 436 and By being guided in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 by being guided by the circumferential guide 437 in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 in a state substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13, the outer shell members 131 moved in the radial direction between the outer shell members 131. It is configured so that it can always be shielded (closed).
That is, when the diameter of the outer shell member 131 is increased or reduced by the outer shell member driving device 132 (see FIG. 1), the shielding member 434 is pressed against the inner surface of the outer shell member 131 by the pressing force of the coil spring 435d. With the maintained state maintained, the guide plate 436-1 is moved in the radial direction together with each outer shell member 131 by sliding guide within the guide cylinder 436-3, and each outer shell member 131 is moved on each shielding member 434. Is moved in the circumferential direction by movement guides in the long holes 434a of the shielding members 434 of the guide rods 435a, and the shielding members 434 follow the outer shell members 131. Between 131, the water-stopping property is always secured and shielded.
As described above, since the moving type of the shielding member 434 does not use a hydraulic jack or the like, the mechanism becomes simple and the cost can be reduced.

FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment.
In the variable diameter excavator M5 of this embodiment, since the structure of the closing members 533 and 533d is different from that of the first embodiment, only this different point will be described with a new reference numeral. In addition, the same code | symbol as 1st Embodiment is attached | subjected to the member common to 1st Embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 6, each closing member 533 is fixed to the cylindrical inner shell 12, and is a guide surface that slides and guides each side surface of each adjacent outer shell member 131 that moves in the radial direction of the outer shell 13. It consists of a shielding member 534 having 534G, and a sealing material (not shown) interposed between the shielding member 534 and the outer shell member 131.
Each shielding member 534 is slidable on each of the oblique side plates 131-4 and 131-5 of each adjacent outer shell member 131 when the outer shell member 131 is moved in the radial direction, and both left and right side surfaces are respectively external. It is formed in a long beam shape having a substantially trapezoidal cross section with an angle that matches the expansion / contraction direction of the shell member 131, and the left and right side surfaces are guide surfaces 534G. Each shielding member 534 is arranged so as to embed the entire gap between the oblique side plates 131-4 and 131-5 of each outer shell member 131, that is, so that there is no gap, and the inner surface is fixed to the inner shell 12. .
Note that a groove is formed along the vicinity of the outer edge of each of the left and right guide surfaces 534G of each shielding member 534, and the sealing material is attached to the groove, and the sealing material is interposed between each closing member 533 and each outer shell member 131. Be dressed.
Each closing member 533d includes a shielding member 534d having a guide surface 534dG that slides and guides each side surface of the adjacent outer shell members 131d and 131 that move in the radial direction of the outer shell 13, and the shielding member 534d and each outer shell. It consists of a sealing material (not shown) interposed between the members 131d and 131.
Each shielding member 534d has a slanting side plate 131d-4, 131-5, 131d-5, 131-4 of each adjacent outer shell member 131d, 131 when the outer shell member 131d, 131 moves in the radial direction. The left and right side surfaces are slidably formed in a long beam shape having a substantially trapezoidal cross section with an angle corresponding to the expansion and contraction direction of each outer shell member 131d, 131, and the left and right side surfaces are guide surfaces 534dG. Each shielding member 534d is arranged so as to embed the entire space between the slant side plates 131d-4, 131-5 of each outer shell member 131d, 131 and between 131d-5, 131-4, that is, no gap is formed. The inner surface is fixed to the inner shell 12.
In addition, a groove is formed along the vicinity of the outer edge of each of the left and right guide surfaces 534dG of each shielding member 534d, and the sealing material is attached to this groove, and the sealing material is provided between each closing member 533d and each outer shell member 131d, 131. Is intervened.
In this way, the closing members 533 and 533d are arranged such that the shielding members 534 and 534d are substantially parallel to the axis of the outer shell 13 on the inner shell 12, and the diameters of the outer shell members 131 and 131d are increased or decreased. Accordingly, the left and right side plates 131-4, 131-5, 131d-4, 131d-5 of the adjacent outer shell members 131, 131d slide on the guide surfaces 534G, 534dG of the shielding members 534, 534d. By being moved in the radial direction of the outer shell 13, the outer shell members 131 and 131 d moved in the radial direction of the outer shell 13 can be always shielded (closed).
That is, when the outer shell members 131 and 131d move in the radial direction and the circumferential direction due to the expansion or contraction of the outer shell 13, the left and right side plates 131-4 and 131-5 of the outer shell member 131 are shield members. The left and right guide surfaces 534G of 534 are slid through the sealing material, and the left and right side plates 131d-4 and 131d-5 of the outer shell member 131d are guided through the sealing material through the left and right guide surfaces 534dG of the shielding member 534d. The outer shell members 131 and 131d are always shielded while ensuring water-tightness.
As described above, the closing member 533 does not use a hydraulic jack or the like and has a small number of parts, so that the structure is simple and the cost can be reduced.

FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment.
In the variable diameter excavator M6 of this embodiment, the movement (expansion and reduction) type of each outer shell member 631 of the outer shell 63 and the propulsion device 66 are different from those of the first embodiment. Only different points will be described with new reference numerals. In addition, the same code | symbol as 1st Embodiment is attached | subjected to the member common to 1st Embodiment.
In this case, the inner shell 32, the cutter head 31, and the earth removing device (screw conveyor) 326 have substantially the same configuration as that of the third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7, in this variable diameter excavator M6, the front portion 10F and the intermediate portion 10M of the excavator main body 10 are divided into outer shells 63F and 63M in the circumferential direction, respectively, and a plurality of outer shell members 631 are obtained. And a plurality of closing members (not shown) that are installed between the plurality of outer shell members 631 and close the spaces between the outer shell members 631, and each of the outer shell members 631 of the front portion 10F and the intermediate portion 10M. All (or a part) is connected to the inner shell 12 via a shaft at the rear end and supported by the advancing / retracting outer shell member driving device 132, with the rear end of the outer shell member 631 as the center of tilting. It is configured to be movable in the radial direction of the outer shell 63 by tilting the front end side, the front portion 10F and the intermediate portion 10M of the excavator main body 10 are connected via an elastic member 632, and the propulsion device 66 is connected to the front of the excavator main body 10. Between the portion 10F and the intermediate portion 10M It is mounted as a telescopic propulsion device.
In this case, the shape of each outer shell member 631 of the outer shells 63F and 63M is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment.
Note that the rear end shaft support portion of each outer shell member 631 may be supported by the outer shell member driving device (hydraulic jack) 132.
Each closing member is composed of a shielding member and a shielding member driving device, although not specifically shown. Like each outer shell member 631, the outer shell 63 is tilted on the front end side with the rear end of the shielding member as the center of tilting. It is configured to be movable in the radial direction.
The expansion / contraction member 632 is a hydraulic jack or the like.
A hydraulic jack is used for the middle push telescopic propulsion device 66.
In this way, the variable diameter excavator M6 can change the amount of expansion of the outer shell 63 by the front portion 10F and the intermediate portion 10M of the excavator main body 10, and can have a variable diameter according to the expansion amount of the natural ground. Drilling is possible.
Further, the variable diameter excavator M6 is configured such that the outer shell members 631 of the front portion 10F and the intermediate portion 10M of the excavator main body 10 can be tilted about the rear end axis by driving of the outer shell member driving devices 132. In addition, by enlarging the front part side of each outer shell member 631 larger than the rear part at the time of excavation, the excavator body 10 moves forward by the expansion and contraction of the middle push telescopic jack 66 under the passive earth pressure from the natural ground. It becomes possible. That is, each outer shell member 631 of the intermediate part 10M of the excavator main body 10 is tilted to take a reaction force against the natural ground with the opened outer shell 63M of the intermediate part 10M, and the intermediate push-extensible jack 66 is extended. As a result, the front portion 10F of the excavator main body 10 moves forward, and subsequently, each outer shell member 631 of the front portion 10F is tilted, and the reaction force against the natural ground by the opened outer shell 63F of the front portion 10F. The intermediate portion 10M of the excavator main body 10 moves forward and is dug by repeating this operation.
The rear end shaft support portion of each outer shell member 631 is supported by an outer shell member driving device (hydraulic jack) 632, so that each outer shell member 631 moves in the same manner as in the first embodiment (expansion / reduction). (Diameter) format.
In this variable diameter excavator M6, it is possible to excavate by obtaining a driving reaction force from the natural ground by such a movement (expansion / reduction) form of each outer shell member 631. It is not necessary to dig the excavator body 10 by taking a reaction force, so that the propulsion jack can be reduced or omitted, and the segment does not need to be thickened to take the reaction force. The thickness of the segment can be reduced and the reinforcing structure can be simplified.

The first to sixth embodiments can be variously combined.
The present invention can also be applied to mechanical shields and TBMs such as earth pressure shields and muddy water shields.

M1 variable diameter excavator 10 excavator main body 10F excavator front 10R excavator rear 11 cutter head 110 rotating shaft 110G pinion gear 111 enlarged cutter bit 112 seal material 11D cutter head drive device 113G drive gear 114 earth removal device (belt conveyor )
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Inner shell 121 Front wall 122 Cutter head waiting room 123 Mounting part of cutter head drive device 124 Shaft support part 125 Middle partition wall 126, 126d Recess 13 Outer shell 13F Outer shell 13R Outer shell 131 Outer shell member 131-1 Outer plate 131-2 3 Front and rear side plates 131-4, 5 Left and right side plates 131d Lower shell member 131d-1 Outer plate 131d-2, 3 Front and rear side plates 131d-4, 5 Left and right side plates 132 Outer shell member drive device (hydraulic jack)
132R Telescopic rod 132d Lower shell member drive device (hydraulic jack)
132dR telescopic rod 133 closing member 133d lower closing member 134 shielding member 135 sealing material 136 shielding member driving device (hydraulic jack)
136R Telescopic rod 134d Shielding member 135d Sealing material 136d Lower shielding member driving device (hydraulic jack)
136dR Telescopic rod 137 Rotation support block 138 Deviation prevention member 139 Rear partition 140 Propulsion jack mounting portion 14 Tail seal 15 Filler injection pipe 150 Filler discharge port 16 Propulsion device (propulsion jack)
161 Telescopic rods 171 and 172 Front and rear blocking members M2 Variable diameter excavator 20F Front of excavator 23F Outer shell 231 Outer shell member 231-1 Outer plate 231-2, Front and rear side plates 231-4, Left and right side plates 25 Filling Material injection pipe 250 Filler discharge port M3 Variable diameter excavator 31 Cutter head 310 Turning wheel 310G Pinion gear 311 Diameter increasing cutter bit 31D Cutter head driving device 313G Driving gear 322 Turning wheel insertion portion 323 Bearing 324 Mounting portion of cutter head driving device 325 Earth removal port 326 Earth removal device (screw conveyor)
380 Jet water injection hole 381 Piping or hose M4 Variable diameter excavator 433 Closure member 434 Shield member 434a Elongated hole 435 Holding member 435a Guide rod 435b Guide carriage 435b-1 Bogie body 435b-2 Axle 435b-3 Wheel 435c Coil member 435d Coil Spring 436 Radial guide 436-1 Guide plate 436-2 Guide hole 436-3 Guide cylinder 437 Circumferential guide 438 Seal material M5 Variable diameter excavator 533 Closing member 534 Shielding member 534G Guide surface 533d Closing member 534d Shielding member 534dG Guide surface M6 variable diameter excavator 63 outer shell 631 outer shell member 632 telescopic member 66 propulsion device

Claims (10)

With a cutter head,
An excavator body comprising an inner shell having a cylindrical structure and an outer shell having a cylindrical structure surrounding the inner shell;
A propulsion device for propelling the machine body;
With
At least a front portion of the excavator main body is configured such that the outer shell is divided in the circumferential direction and installed between the plurality of outer shell members and the plurality of outer shell members, and closes between the outer shell members. An outer shell for moving the whole or part of the outer shell member in the radial direction of the outer shell between the inner shell and the whole or part of the outer shell member. A member driving device is installed and configured to be able to expand the diameter.
Variable diameter excavator characterized by that.   All or part of the outer shell member is supported on the inner shell by an advancing / retreating outer shell member driving device, and the outer shell member is entirely parallel to the axis of the outer shell in the radial direction of the outer shell. The variable diameter excavator according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion device is mounted on a rear side of the excavator main body.   Each of the front part and the intermediate part of the excavator main body is divided between the outer shell members by dividing the outer shell in the circumferential direction, and closes between the outer shell members. A front end of the outer shell and all or a part of the outer shell members of the intermediate portion are connected to the inner shell via a shaft at the rear end, and the forward / backward drive type outer shell It is supported by a member driving device, and is configured to be movable in the radial direction of the outer shell by tilting the front end with the rear end of the outer shell member as a tilting center, and the front and middle portions of the excavator main body extend and contract The variable diameter excavator according to claim 1, wherein the variable diameter excavator is connected through a member, and the propulsion device is mounted as a middle push telescopic propulsion device between a front portion and an intermediate portion of the excavator main body.   The variable diameter excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the plurality of outer shell members is a member having a substantially arc-shaped cross section.   The plurality of outer shell members are each formed of a member having a substantially arc-shaped cross section, and all or a part of the outer shell members are formed in a tapered shape whose outer surface is gradually reduced in diameter from the front end toward the rear end. The variable diameter excavator according to any one of 1 to 3.   The outer shell member and the closing member are fixed to the inner shell before and after the outer shell member, and the front and rear ends of the outer shell member and the closing member are slidable by the movement of the outer shell member in the radial direction of the outer shell. Each of the outer shell members is provided with front and rear blocking members for blocking the inside and the outside of the main body of the excavator before and after the outer shell members and the closing members when the diameter of the outer shell is increased. The variable diameter excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a sealing material is interposed between the front and rear ends of the closing member and the front and rear blocking members.   The closing member includes a shielding member having a size capable of shielding between adjacent outer shell members moving in the radial direction of the outer shell on the inner surface side of each outer shell member, and the shielding member and the outer shell member. And a shielding member driving device that drives the tracking member by following the movement of the outer shell member in the radial direction by bringing the shielding member into contact with each outer shell member. The variable diameter excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   The closing member includes a shielding member having a size capable of shielding between adjacent outer shell members moving in the radial direction of the outer shell on the inner surface side of each outer shell member, and the shielding member for each outer shell. A holding member that is held in contact with an inner surface of the member, a radial guide that can move and guide the shielding member in the radial direction together with the radial movement of the outer shell of each outer shell member, and the shielding member on the shielding member 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: circumferential guides capable of moving and guiding adjacent outer shell members in the circumferential direction; and a sealing material interposed between the shielding member and the outer shell member. The variable-diameter machine described.   The closing member is interposed between the shielding member having a guide surface that slides and guides each side surface of each adjacent outer shell member that moves in the radial direction of the outer shell, and between the shielding member and the outer shell member. The variable diameter excavator according to claim 1, comprising a sealing material.   10. The jet water injection device according to claim 1, wherein a jet water injection hole is formed through the closing member between the inner side surface and the outer side surface, and a jet water injection device is connected to the jet water injection hole via a pipe or a hose. The variable diameter excavator described in Crab.

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