JP2017127915A - Processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a processing method which can correct positional displacement amounts of a plurality of assembling holes with respect to processing knock holes without largely modifying processing equipment, and can secure processing accuracy similar to the case that, for example, the assembling holes are set as references when processing a face which is parallel with axes of the processing knock holes of a workpiece which is positioned by the processing knock holes.SOLUTION: Positions of a plurality of assembling holes (main assembling hole Waa and sub-assembling hole Wab) which are formed at a workpiece with respect to processing knock holes (main processing knock hole Wba and sub-processing knock hole Wbb) are measured, and stroke amounts of processing faces Wf (Wfa, Wfb) of processing tools 10a, 10b in a vertical direction for processing the processing faces Wf (Wfa, Wfb) which are parallel with axes of the processing knock holes of the workpiece W on the basis of a displacement amount of a position of the other assembling hole (sub-assembling hole Wab) with respect to a prescribed assembling hole (main assembling hole Waa) out of a plurality of the assembling holes.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining method, and more particularly to a machining method for machining a machining surface parallel to an axis of a machining knock hole in a workpiece positioned by a machining knock hole.

  In performing machining or assembly of the machine, it is extremely important to position the workpiece or the workpiece to be assembled.

  In Patent Document 1, each work of loading, positioning, machining, and unloading on a machining table is supported for each type of workpiece (workpiece) of different types that have flowed together on the same line. Thus, a technique for automatically performing is disclosed.

  In the conventional technique described in Patent Document 1, a work that has moved on a carry-in conveyor is placed on a jig, a model of the work placed on the jig is identified, and a knock pin corresponding to the identified model is provided. Move the workpiece to the position on the jig specified for each model, insert the dowel pin designated at that position into the dowel pin hole of the workpiece, position it, fix it with the clamp, perform the machining, and complete the machining This is a technique for removing the knock pin from the workpiece and moving the workpiece onto the carry-out conveyor.

  By the way, in order to ensure accuracy as a product after assembly, generally, assembly holes formed in a workpiece (an assembly hole common to each workpiece to be assembled) are knock pin holes (hereinafter referred to as processing knock holes). It is recommended to process the workpiece based on the position of the assembly hole.

  However, as described in Patent Document 1, for example, when a wide variety of products of different models are produced on the same line, the assembly may be caused by differences in the workpiece shape of each model or interference with other parts assembled on the workpiece. In some cases, the attachment hole cannot be used (shared) as a machining knock hole. In such a case, it is necessary to separately provide a machining knock hole that can be used in common in workpieces having different shapes, but when machining the workpiece, the machining knock hole separately provided is used as a reference. As a result, the accuracy of the assembled product is inevitably lowered. Therefore, it is considered that the positional deviation between the machining knock hole and the assembly hole is corrected (reference transfer) to ensure the accuracy as a product after assembly.

  As a prior art relating to correction of such misalignment, Patent Document 2 describes the position of the crank bearing hole formed during the crank bearing hole machining when the crank bearing hole machining and the head surface machining are performed on the cylinder block as a workpiece. The detected position information is compared with the set reference position information, and the stroke correction amount for adjusting the block height from the crank bearing hole to the head surface when machining the head surface according to the difference is detected. And a technique for correcting the stroke of the cutter by the stroke correction amount at the time of head surface processing is disclosed.

  According to the prior art described in Patent Document 2, the block height of the cylinder block can be secured, and the dimensional accuracy of the block height from the crank bearing hole to the head surface can be increased.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-122555 JP 61-236461 A

  By the way, according to the prior art described in Patent Document 2, of surface machining of a workpiece positioned by a machining knock hole, machining of a surface substantially perpendicular to the axis of the machining knock hole (head surface machining of a cylinder block) ), It is possible to correct the positional deviation between the machining knock hole and the assembly hole.

  However, of the surface machining of the workpiece positioned by the machining knock hole, when machining the surface substantially parallel to the machining knock hole axis, the positional deviation of the plurality of assembly holes with respect to the machining knock hole In order to correct this, the work itself has to be tilted (by rotating around the axis of the machining knock hole), and there is a problem that machining equipment becomes complicated and expensive. In addition, due to restrictions on processing equipment, it may be impossible to tilt the workpiece, or to tilt the main axis of the processing tool (processing tool having a milling cutter, cutter, etc.) according to the tilt of the workpiece.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in carrying out machining of a surface parallel to the axis of the machining knock hole of the workpiece positioned by the machining knock hole, no major modification is made to the machining equipment. However, it is possible to correct the positional deviation of the plurality of assembly holes with respect to the processing knock hole, and to provide a processing method capable of ensuring the same processing accuracy as when the assembly holes are used as a reference, for example. Objective.

  In order to achieve the above object, the machining method according to the present invention is a machining method for machining a machining surface parallel to the axis of the machining knock hole in a workpiece positioned by the machining knock hole using a machining tool. Measuring a position of the plurality of assembly holes formed in the workpiece with respect to the machining knock hole, and positions of other assembly holes with respect to a predetermined assembly hole among the plurality of assembly holes. And a correction step of correcting a stroke amount in a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the processing tool based on a deviation amount with respect to a predetermined reference position.

  According to the machining method described above, the positions of the plurality of assembly holes formed in the workpiece with respect to the machining knock hole are measured, and the positions of the other assembly holes with respect to the predetermined assembly hole among the plurality of assembly holes are measured. In order to correct the stroke amount in the direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the processing tool for processing the processing surface parallel to the axis of the processing knock hole in the workpiece, based on the deviation amount with respect to a predetermined reference position, The misalignment of multiple assembly holes caused by using the processing knock hole as a reference can be corrected with the stroke amount of the processing tool, for example, ensuring the same processing accuracy as when using the assembly hole as a reference. be able to.

  Moreover, the preferable aspect of the processing method described above is that the processing surface of the other assembly hole with respect to the predetermined assembly hole or the relative position of the processing surface with respect to the predetermined assembly hole in a direction parallel to the processing surface. The stroke amount is corrected using a relative position in a direction parallel to and / or a vertical direction.

  According to the machining method described above, the relative position in the direction parallel to the machining surface of the machining surface with respect to the predetermined assembly hole, the direction parallel to the machining surface of the other assembly hole with respect to the predetermined assembly hole, and / or the vertical direction. Since the stroke amount of the processing tool is corrected using the relative position in the direction, changes in the position of the processing surface relative to the processing tool (protruding and retracting conditions) caused by misalignment of the assembly holes are taken into account. Therefore, the processing accuracy can be further increased.

  Moreover, the other preferable aspect of the processing method described above divides a processing surface parallel to the axis of the processing knock hole in the workpiece into a plurality of divided surfaces, and the stroke amount of the processing tool for each divided surface. Is a method of correcting the above.

  According to the machining method described above, the machining surface parallel to the axis of the machining knock hole in the workpiece is divided into a plurality of division surfaces, and the machining surface is corrected to correct the stroke amount of the machining tool for each division surface. Furthermore, it can process with high precision.

  According to the present invention, the positions of the plurality of assembly holes formed in the workpiece with respect to the machining knock hole are measured, and the positions of other assembly holes with respect to a predetermined assembly hole among the plurality of assembly holes are determined in advance. In order to correct the stroke amount in the direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the processing tool that performs processing of the processing surface parallel to the axis of the processing knock hole in the workpiece based on the amount of deviation with respect to the reference position, The misalignment of multiple assembly holes caused by using the hole as a reference can be corrected with the stroke amount of the processing tool. For example, the same processing accuracy as when using the assembly hole as a reference can be secured. it can.

It is the schematic which showed the main structures of the processing apparatus with which the processing method of this invention is applied. It is a figure explaining the correction method of the stroke amount in the processing method of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the processing method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the main configuration of a processing apparatus to which the processing method of the present invention is applied.

  The processing apparatus 1 of the illustrated embodiment is for processing, for example, an end surface (processing surface) of a cam housing (workpiece) of a cylinder block of a different type of automobile engine that flows on a line. Processing tools 10a and 10b on which processing parts (for example, milling cutters and cutters) 11a and 11b for processing a processing surface Wf provided on the workpiece W are mounted, and a driving state (start, And a controller 15 for controlling the stop and the like.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of assembly holes are formed in the workpiece W, and a main assembly hole (also referred to as a main assembly knock hole) Waa and a sub assembly hole (selected from the plurality of assembly holes) Two machining knock holes for positioning (main machining knock hole Wba, sub-joint) separate from the assembly holes so as to be substantially parallel to the axis of the Wab (main assembly knock hole) (axis passing through the center of the hole) A machining knock hole Wbb) is provided.

  In the illustrated example, the main assembly hole Waa and the sub assembly hole Wab, the main machining knock hole Wba, and the sub machining knock hole Wbb among the assembly holes are formed on the same surface, but on different surfaces. Of course, it may be formed.

  Further, here, the machining surface Wf provided on the workpiece W is parallel to the axes of the main machining knock hole Wba and the sub machining knock hole Wbb, and the main machining knock hole Wba and the sub machining knock hole Wbb. Among them, a machining knock hole formed at a position close to the machining surface Wf is a main machining knock hole Wba, and a machining knock hole formed at a position far from the machining surface Wf is a sub machining knock hole Wbb. Similarly, of the main assembly hole Waa and the sub assembly hole Wab, an assembly hole formed at a position close to the machining surface Wf is defined as a main assembly hole Waa and formed at a position far from the machining surface Wf. These assembly holes are sub-assembly holes Wab.

  In the present embodiment, the processed surface Wf is divided into two processed surfaces (divided surfaces) Wfa and Wfb, and separate processing tools 10a and 10b are provided for the processed surfaces Wfa and Wfb, respectively. Is deployed. In the illustrated example, a main machining knock hole Wba is formed in the approximate center of the two machining surfaces Wfa, Wfb, and the main assembly hole Waa is provided near the machining surface Wfa of the two machining surfaces Wfa, Wfb. ing.

  The workpiece W has a machining surface when a positioning main knock pin and a secondary knock pin provided on a base block (not shown) arranged on the line are inserted into the primary machining knock hole Wba and the secondary machining knock hole Wbb, respectively. Wf (Wfa, Wfb) is placed on the base block in a posture that faces vertically upward.

  On the other hand, the processing tools 10a and 10b for processing the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the processing units 11a and 11b are provided in the processing tools 10a and 10b. The main shafts 12a and 12b to be supported are suspended, and the main shafts 12a and 12b are rotationally driven motors for rotating the main shafts 12a and 12b (around the axis extending in the vertical direction of the main shafts 12a and 12b). A horizontal movement motor for moving the main shafts 12a and 12b in a two-dimensional manner in a horizontal direction (a direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shafts 12a and 12b), and the main shafts 12a and 12b in a vertical direction (the main shafts 12a and 12b). A vertical movement motor or the like for movement in the direction of the axis) is incorporated.

  In this specification, the amount of movement of the main shafts 12a and 12b in the vertical direction (that is, the axial direction of the main shafts 12a and 12b), in other words, perpendicular to the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W of the processing tools 10a and 10b. The amount of movement in one direction is referred to as the stroke amount.

  The controller 15 controls the start and stop of the motors built in the spindles 12a and 12b of the processing tools 10a and 10b, thereby using the processing portions 11a and 11b mounted on the processing tools 10a and 10b. Surface processing of the W processed surface Wf (Wfa, Wfb) can be performed.

  More specifically, a positioning main knock pin and a secondary knock pin provided in a base block (not shown) are inserted into the main machining knock hole Wba and the secondary machining knock hole Wbb, respectively, and the machining surfaces Wf (Wfa, Wfb) are vertically upward. In a state where the workpiece W is positioned and placed on the base block so as to face, the controller 15 first controls the horizontal movement motor to process the processing portions 11a and 11b of the processing tools 10a and 10b. Are moved vertically above each of the processed surfaces Wfa and Wfb. Next, the rotational driving motor and the vertical movement motor are controlled to rotate the spindles 12a and 12b (that is, the processing portions 11a and 11b) of the processing tools 10a and 10b, and the processing portions 11a and 11b are moved. The machined portions 11a and 11b are lowered (in the vertical direction) and placed in contact with or close to the machined surfaces Wfa and Wfb. In this state, the horizontal movement motor is controlled (and the vertical movement motor is controlled as necessary), and the processing portions 11a and 11b of the processing tools 10a and 10b are determined in the horizontal direction in advance. Move within the scan range. At this time, by setting the scanning ranges of the processing tools 10a and 10b so that the processing tools 10a and 10b do not interfere with each other, the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W are simultaneously processed by the processing tools 10a and 10b. be able to.

  In the present embodiment, separate processing tools 10a and 10b are respectively provided for the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W, and the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W are simultaneously surfaced by the processing tools 10a and 10b. Of course, the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W may be sequentially processed with one processing tool.

  By the way, the workpiece W is positioned on the base block using two machining knock holes (main machining knock hole Wba and sub machining knock hole Wbb) provided separately from the assembly holes. In the (main machining knock hole Wba, sub machining knock hole Wbb), a hole diameter error, a pitch error, and the like always occur, so that the posture of the workpiece W on the base block deviates from a preset posture. In detail, the workpiece W is a machining knock hole (or a knock pin inserted into the machining knock hole) on the base block, particularly a main machining knock formed at a position close to the machining surface Wf of the two machining knock holes. The hole Wba is tilted about the axis of rotation, and the height (in the vertical direction) of each work surface Wfa, Wfb of the workpiece W on the base block changes.

  Therefore, when the processing tools 10a and 10b (the processing portions 11a and 11b) are sent in the vertical direction by a preset reference amount (stroke reference amount) to the processing surfaces Wfa and Wfb of the workpiece W, the workpiece W Each processing surface Wfa, Wfb may be processed excessively, or processing may be insufficient. For example, there is a possibility that processing accuracy equivalent to that obtained when the assembly hole is used as a reference may not be obtained.

  Therefore, the controller 15 measures the positions of a plurality of assembly holes (here, the main assembly hole Waa and the sub assembly hole Wab) formed in the workpiece W, and uses the measurement results to process the tool 10a, The stroke amount of 10b (the processed portions 11a and 11b) is adjusted.

  A method of correcting the stroke amounts of the processing tools 10a and 10b in the processing apparatus 1 will be specifically described with reference to FIG. In practice, the posture change (tilt) of the workpiece W positioned on the base block is very small, but in FIG. 2, the tilt of the workpiece W is exaggerated for easy understanding. .

  Here, in FIG. 2, the coordinate system determined by the processing apparatus 1 is an equipment reference coordinate system (Xd-Yd-Zd), and the axial directions (that is, vertical directions) of the spindles 12a and 12b of the processing tools 10a and 10b are Zd. Direction, a direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shafts 12a, 12b of each processing tool 10a, 10b (that is, a horizontal direction), and perpendicular to an axis (an axis passing through the center of the hole) such as the main assembly hole Waa Is the Yd direction. The coordinate system determined from the workpiece W is the workpiece reference coordinate system (Xw-Yw-Zw), the direction parallel to the axis (the axis passing through the hole center) such as the main assembly hole Waa is the Xw direction, and the workpiece W is Originally, when positioned on the base block, the axis direction (ie, vertical direction) of the spindles 12a, 12b of the processing tools 10a, 10b is the Zw direction, the spindles 12a of the processing tools 10a, 10b, The direction perpendicular to the axis 12b (that is, the horizontal direction) and perpendicular to the axis of the main assembly hole Waa (the axis passing through the hole center) is defined as the Yw direction.

  First, the controller 15 in the processing apparatus 1 uses a predetermined position detection means to process knock holes for a plurality of assembly holes (here, the main assembly hole Waa and the sub assembly hole Wab) formed in the workpiece W. The position with respect to (the main processing knock hole Wba and the sub processing knock hole Wbb) is measured.

  Next, the controller 15 corrects the stroke amount (in the Zd direction in the equipment reference coordinate system (Xd-Yd-Zd)) on the spindles 12a and 12b of the processing tools 10a and 10b using the following equation (1). Stroke correction amount zd (stroke correction amount zda for processing tool 10a, stroke correction amount zdb for processing tool 10b) is calculated.

  Here, ΔYws and ΔZws are respectively the difference (relative position) between the positions of the sub assembly hole Wab in the Yw direction and the Zw direction with respect to the main assembly hole Waa in the workpiece reference coordinate system (Xw-Yw-Zw), and ΔYwt (ΔYwta for the machining surface Wfa, ΔYwtb for the machining surface Wfb) is the Yw direction of each machining surface Wfa, Wfb (the machining point) relative to the main assembly hole Waa in the workpiece reference coordinate system (Xw-Yw-Zw). The difference in position (relative position), and ΔYds is the difference (relative position) in the Yd direction of the sub-assembly hole Wab with respect to the main assembly hole Waa in the equipment reference coordinate system (Xd-Yd-Zd).

  As a result, the controller 15 determines the main machining knock hole Wba and the sub machining in the reference position (for example, the equipment reference coordinate system (Xd-Yd-Zd)) of the position of the sub assembly hole Wab with respect to the main assembly hole Waa. The stroke correction amount zd can be calculated in consideration of the shift amount with respect to the straight line connecting the knock hole Wbb.

  The controller 15 adds the stroke correction amount zd (the stroke correction amount zda for the processing tool 10a and the stroke correction amount zdb for the processing tool 10b) to the previously set stroke reference amounts of the processing tools 10a and 10b. By subtracting, the stroke amount of each processing tool 10a, 10b according to the posture change (tilt) of the workpiece W on the base block can be calculated, and each processing tool 10a, 10b (the processing unit 11a, By moving 11b) in the vertical direction, each processing surface Wfa, Wfb of the workpiece W can be processed with high accuracy.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, machining knock holes (main machining knock holes Wba and sub machining knock holes) of a plurality of assembly holes (main assembly hole Waa and sub assembly hole Wab) formed in the workpiece W. A predetermined reference position of a position (sub-assembly hole Wab) of another assembly hole with respect to a predetermined assembly hole (main assembly hole Waa) of the plurality of assembly holes is measured. Is perpendicular to the processing surfaces Wf (Wfa, Wfb) of the processing tools 10a, 10b for processing the processing surfaces Wf (Wfa, Wfb) parallel to the axis of the processing knock hole in the workpiece W In order to correct the stroke amount in the correct direction, the positional deviation of the plurality of assembly holes resulting from the processing knock hole as a reference can be corrected by the stroke amount of the processing tools 10a and 10b. Based on It is possible to ensure the same processing precision as in the case where the.

  Further, the relative position ΔYwt in the direction parallel to the machining surface Wf (Wfa, Wfb) of the machining surface Wf (Wfa, Wfb) with respect to the predetermined assembly hole (main assembly hole Waa) (ΔYwta for the machining surface Wfa, machining surface) With respect to Wfb, ΔYwtb) and a direction parallel to and / or perpendicular to the machining surface Wf (Wfa, Wfb) of another assembly hole (sub assembly hole Wab) with respect to a predetermined assembly hole (main assembly hole Waa) Since the stroke amounts of the processing tools 10a and 10b are corrected using the relative positions ΔYws and ΔZws, the processing surface Wf (Wfa, Wfb) relative to the processing tools 10a and 10b caused by the positional deviation of the assembly holes is generated. Since it is possible to take into account changes in position (protruding and retracting conditions), the processing accuracy can be further increased.

  Further, in order to divide the machining surface Wf parallel to the axis of the machining knock hole in the workpiece W into a plurality of division surfaces Wfa and Wfb, and to correct the stroke amount of the processing tools 10a and 10b for each division surface Wfa and Wfb. The processed surface Wf can be processed with higher accuracy.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. These are included in the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Processing apparatus, 10a, 10b ... Processing tool, 11a, 11b ... Processing part, 12a, 12b ... Main shaft, 15 ... Controller, W ... Workpiece, Waa ... Main assembly hole, Wab ... Sub assembly hole, Wba ... Main Processing knock hole, Wbb ... Sub processing knock hole, Wf ... Processed surface, Wfa, Wfb ... Processed surface (divided surface)

Claims (4)

A machining method for machining a machining surface parallel to an axis of the machining knock hole in a workpiece positioned by a machining knock hole using a machining tool,
A measuring step of measuring positions of the plurality of assembly holes formed in the workpiece with respect to the machining knock hole;
Based on a deviation amount of a position of another assembly hole with respect to a predetermined assembly hole among the plurality of assembly holes with respect to a predetermined reference position, a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the processing tool And a correction step of correcting the stroke amount.   The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the stroke amount is corrected using a relative position of the machining surface in a direction parallel to the machining surface with respect to the predetermined assembly hole.   The machining method according to claim 1, wherein the stroke amount is corrected using a relative position of the other assembly hole in a direction parallel to the machining surface and / or a vertical direction with respect to the predetermined assembly hole. .   The machining surface of the workpiece parallel to the axis of the machining knock hole is divided into a plurality of division surfaces, and the stroke amount of the processing tool is corrected for each division surface. The processing method according to item.

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