JP2017116014A - Brake device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a structure of a brake device capable of preventing scattering of abrasion powder to the circumference.SOLUTION: Rotation-side discs 4 and stationary-side discs 5 are alternately disposed, and a composite material 31 obtained by making a porous member 32 impregnated with a MR fluid 7, is supported and fixed to a side face of the stationary-side discs 5. In braking, a clearance between the rotation-side discs 4 and the composite material 31 is eliminated to zero by a driving device 34. In this state, electric current is applied to an electromagnetic coil 19 configuring an application device 8, so that a magnetic circuit is formed on a casing 2 functioned as a yoke. By applying magnetic field to the MR fluid 7 in the porous member 32, apparent viscosity of the MR fluid 7 is changed, and rotational resistance is applied to the rotation-side discs 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement in a brake device used for braking a vehicle such as an automobile or a forklift.

  In order to brake a vehicle such as an automobile or a two-wheeled vehicle while the vehicle is running or to keep the vehicle stopped, various types of brake devices using a disc brake and a drum brake have been widely used.

  Of these, the disc brake is configured such that a pair of pads arranged on both sides of a disk-shaped rotor that rotates with a wheel is pressed against the side surface of the rotor by a piston, and the frictional force between the rotor surface and the pad lining is used. A braking force is generated. As such disc brakes, for example, opposed piston type and floating type disc brakes are widely known. A drum brake, on the other hand, presses a pair of shoes disposed inside a cylindrical drum that rotates with a wheel against the inner peripheral surface of the drum by a piston, and causes friction between the inner peripheral surface of the drum and the lining of the shoe. The braking force is generated by the force. As such drum brakes, for example, leading / trailing type and two-leading type drum brakes are widely known.

  However, when the vehicle is braked by a conventionally known disc brake or drum brake as described above, wear powder is generated in any of the devices. In recent years, with the growing awareness of environmental conservation, it has begun to be considered that the abrasion powder generated from the brake device is prevented from scattering to the atmosphere and the load on the environment is reduced (see, for example, Patent Document 1). For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a structure that prevents wear powder from being scattered around by covering the entire brake device and the rotor with a cover. However, even in the case of such a conventional structure, it is impossible to completely prevent the abrasion powder from being scattered around.

JP 2008-196684 A JP 2014-52044 A

  The present invention has been invented in order to realize a structure of a brake device capable of preventing the abrasion powder from being scattered around in view of the circumstances as described above.

The brake device of the present invention is used for braking a vehicle such as an automobile, for example, and includes a stationary member, a rotating member, one or more rotating disks, and one or more stationary disks. And a gap adjusting means, a functional material, and an applying device.
Among these, the stationary member is supported and fixed to, for example, a suspension device (knuckle) constituting the vehicle body, and does not rotate even when in use.
The rotating member is disposed coaxially with the stationary member and rotates relative to the stationary member in use.
The rotating disk is supported on the peripheral surface of the rotating member so as not to be relatively rotatable.
The stationary side disk is disposed in a state of being opposed to the rotating side disk in the axial direction with a gap therebetween, and is a side of the stationary member that is opposed to the circumferential surface of the rotating side disk in the radial direction. Is supported so that it cannot rotate relative to the surface.
The gap adjusting means is for adjusting the size of the gap between the stationary disk and the rotating disk, for example, mechanically, electrically or magnetically.
The functional material corresponds to, for example, MR fluid or ER fluid, and is impregnated directly on or supported by at least one of the stationary side disc and the rotating side disc. The apparent viscosity (yield shear force) can be adjusted by applying a magnetic field or an electric field. In the case of the present invention, the functional material is not filled in the space in which the rotating side and stationary side disks are accommodated.
The application device is for applying a magnetic field or an electric field to the functional material.

  In particular, in the case of the brake device of the present invention, the gap between the rotating side disk and the stationary side disk is made zero by the gap adjusting means, and a magnetic field or an electric field is applied to the functional material by the applying device. And the brake means which provides rotational resistance with respect to the said rotation side disk by raising the apparent viscosity of this functional material is provided.

  When carrying out the present invention as described above, for example, as in the invention described in claim 2, the gap adjusting means includes an elastic member, and the elastic member is elastically deformed during braking while the stationary side is A drive mechanism is provided that moves at least one of the disk and the rotating disk in the axial direction so that the gap between the stationary disk and the rotating disk is zero.

When the invention described in claim 2 as described above is carried out, the drive mechanism is arranged in a state in which the yoke, the electromagnetic coil accommodated in the yoke, and the yoke are opposed in the axial direction. And an armature (armature) supported so as to be capable of axial displacement.
Then, the stationary disk and the rotating disk can be brought closer to each other by moving the armature in a direction approaching the yoke based on energization of the electromagnetic coil.
Alternatively, the drive mechanism includes a driving cam having a driving cam surface, a driven cam having a driven cam surface, and a plurality of driving mechanisms disposed between the driving cam surface and the driven cam surface. The rolling element can be provided.
Then, by rotating the driving side cam relative to the driven side cam, the driven side cam is separated from the driving side cam, and the stationary side disk and the rotating side disk can be brought close to each other. it can.

Moreover, when implementing this invention, the said porous member can be made from metals, such as a sintered metal, for example like the invention described in Claim 3.
Alternatively, as the porous member, a non-woven fabric can be used, or a paper, synthetic resin, or rubber can be used.

  When the present invention is carried out, for example, as in the invention described in claim 4, the functional material is directly impregnated in the stationary disk, or the functional material is impregnated with the porous member. It is possible to support a composite material (composite material of MR fluid and a porous member) formed by impregnating with the above.

When the present invention is carried out, the composite material can be supported on the side surface in the axial direction of the disk, for example, as in the invention described in claim 5.
Alternatively, for example, as in the invention described in claim 6, the composite material can be supported in a recess formed on an axial side surface of the disk.
Alternatively, for example, as in the invention described in claim 7, the composite material can be supported in a through hole penetrating the disk in the axial direction.
As the fixing means for the composite material (porous member), various fixing means such as adhesion using an adhesive, fitting (press-fit), and screw fixing can be employed.

When the present invention is implemented, for example, as in the invention described in claim 8, the functional material can be an MR fluid, and the application device can be a magnetic field generator.
Alternatively, the functional material may be an ER fluid, and the application device may be an electric field generator.

According to the brake device of the present invention having the above-described configuration, it is possible to prevent the abrasion powder from being scattered around during braking.
That is, in the case of the brake device of the present invention, a rotational resistance is imparted to the rotating side disk by applying a magnetic field or an electric field to the functional material by the applying device and increasing the apparent viscosity of the functional material. For this reason, when braking is performed by the brake device of the present invention, rotation resistance is imparted to the rotating disk by the functional material, so that generation of wear powder itself can be prevented.
Therefore, according to the present invention, at the time of braking, it is possible to prevent the abrasion powder from being scattered around.

The orthographic view which looked at the brake device of the 1st example of embodiment of this invention from the axial direction outer side in the state assembled | attached to the rolling bearing unit. Similarly AA sectional drawing of FIG. The upper half enlarged view of FIG. 2 similarly. Similarly the principal part enlarged view. The figure similar to FIG. 4 which shows the 2nd example of embodiment of this invention. The figure similar to FIG. 4 which shows the 3rd example of embodiment of this invention. The figure similar to FIG. 4 which shows the 4th example of embodiment of this invention. The figure similar to FIG. 2 which shows the 5th example of embodiment of this invention. The same figure as FIG. The same figure as FIG. The figure similar to FIG. 3 which shows the 6th example of embodiment of this invention. The figure similar to FIG. 3 which shows the 7th example of embodiment of this invention. The figure similar to FIG. 3 which shows the 8th example of embodiment of this invention.

[First example of embodiment]
A first example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The brake device 1 of the present example performs braking when the vehicle is running and when necessary parked, and includes a casing 2, a rotating cylinder 3, a plurality of rotating disks 4 (three in the illustrated example), 4, a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) stationary-side disks 5, 5, a gap adjusting means 6, an MR fluid (magnetic viscous fluid) 7, and an applying device 8. On the other hand, it is provided around a rolling bearing unit 9 for rotatably supporting the wheel.

  The rolling bearing unit 9 is configured by rotatably supporting a hub 11 on a radially inner side of an outer ring 10 by a pair of rolling bearings 12 and 12 that are spaced apart in the axial direction. Of these, the outer ring 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is supported and fixed to a knuckle that constitutes the suspension device. Further, since the illustrated rolling bearing unit 9 is for a drive wheel, a coupling hole 13 for inserting (engaging) a drive shaft constituting a constant velocity joint (not shown) is provided at the center of the hub 11. It has been. A rotation-side flange 14 is provided at a portion protruding from the axial outer end opening of the outer ring 10 at the axial outer end portion (left end portion in FIG. 2) of the hub 11. In addition, the base end portions of the plurality of studs 15 and 15 for supporting and fixing the wheel constituting the wheel are supported and fixed to the rotation side flange 14. In the present specification, “outside” in the axial direction refers to the side that becomes the outer side in the width direction when assembled to the vehicle, and “inner” refers to the side that becomes the center side in the width direction.

  The casing 2 constituting the brake device 1 of the present example corresponds to a stationary member in the scope of claims, and is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and the knuckle is interposed via an outer ring 10 constituting the rolling bearing unit 9. Is supported and fixed. In the case of this example, the casing 2 has a pair of right and left substantially annular casing elements 16a and 16b each made of a magnetic metal (for example, iron) overlapped in the axial direction, and a plurality of outer diameter side ends are provided. The bolt 17 is connected in the axial direction. The casing elements 16a and 16b are separated from each other in the axial direction except for an outer diameter side end portion connected by the bolt 17 and a stationary side support portion 30 described later. A disk housing space 18 for housing the disks 4 and 5 and a coil housing space 20 for housing the electromagnetic coil 19 constituting the applying device 8 are provided in a state of overlapping in the radial direction. Further, of the two casing elements 16a and 16b, the casing element 16b disposed on the inner side in the axial direction (the right side in FIGS. 2 and 3) is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the inner end portion in the axial direction so as to protrude radially inward. A flange 21 is provided. The mounting flange 21 is coupled to the outer ring 10 by a plurality of coupling bolts 22.

  The rotating cylinder 3 corresponds to a rotating member in the claims, and is provided integrally with a rotating side flange 14 constituting the rolling bearing unit 9. Specifically, the rotating cylinder 3 is provided in a state of being bent at a right angle from the radial outer end of the rotating side flange 14 toward the inner side in the axial direction, and is disposed coaxially with the casing 2. It is configured in a cylindrical shape. In addition, a rotation-side support portion 23 is provided at the axially intermediate portion of the rotary cylinder 3 so as to protrude radially outward as compared to both ends in the axial direction. A spline groove 24 is formed. On the other hand, both end portions in the axial direction of the outer peripheral surface of the rotating cylinder 3 are cylindrical sealing surfaces 25 and 25. And in the case of this example, between the sealing surfaces 25 and 25 of the said rotary cylinder 3, and the inner peripheral surface of the casing elements 16a and 16b which comprise the said casing 2, each is an annular contact-type seal | sticker. Rings 26 and 26 are installed. Thus, the disk housing space 18 is sealed from the external space. As will be described later, when only the braking force by the non-friction brake is applied by the brake device 1 of this example, both the seal rings 26 and 26 can be omitted. Further, the seal ring 26 arranged on the outer side in the axial direction is covered from the outside by an annular cover member 64 fixed to the outer surface in the axial direction of the casing element 16a. The inner peripheral edge of the cover member 64 is in close proximity to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary cylinder 3 and forms a labyrinth seal at that portion.

  Each of the rotation-side disks 4 and 4 and each of the stationary-side disks 5 and 5 is formed in an annular shape, and is alternately arranged in the axial direction. Among the rotating side and stationary side discs 4, 4, 5, 5, the rotating side discs 4, 4 are, for example, a mold system (for example, on the axial side surface of a metal base material (base material) such as a steel plate). Resin) or woven organic material friction material, or paper friction material (paper friction material) made of natural pulp or organic synthetic fiber as a base material and impregnated with phenol resin or heat-resistant resin Can be used. Moreover, as a friction material, the thing made from metals, such as a sintered metal, the thing made from an iron material (iron core), and the thing shape | molded by ceramic spraying, etc. can also be used. Alternatively, the whole can be made of low carbon steel or medium carbon steel, or the surface thereof can be subjected to surface treatment for wear suppression. On the other hand, as described above, the stationary disks 5 and 5 support and fix composite materials 31 and 31 (porous members 32 and 32) on both sides in the axial direction, as described later. A material that does not include such a friction material is used, or a porous material among the friction materials as described above is used as the porous members 32 and 32 constituting the composite material 31 and 31.

  Further, the rotation side disks 4 and 4 are supported so as to be capable of relative displacement in the axial direction and impossible in relative displacement in the circumferential direction with respect to the rotary cylinder 3. For this reason, in the case of this example, male spline portions 27, 27 provided on the inner peripheral edge of each of the rotation side disks 4, 4 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotation support portion 23 of the rotary cylinder 3. The spline groove 24 is engaged with the spline. As a result, the rotating disks 4 and 4 can be rotated in synchronization with the hub 11 constituting the rolling bearing unit 9.

  On the other hand, the stationary disks 5 and 5 are supported with respect to the casing 2 so as to allow relative displacement in the axial direction but not relative displacement in the circumferential direction. For this purpose, a stationary side support portion 28 that functions as a partition wall is provided in a portion of the casing element 16b between the disk accommodation space 18 and the coil accommodation space 20, and the inner periphery of the stationary side support portion 28 is provided. A female spline groove 29 is formed on the surface. The male spline portions 30, 30 provided on the outer peripheral edge portions of the stationary side disks 5, 5 are spline-engaged with the female spline groove 29. As a result, in the case of this example, the stationary disks 5 and 5 are prevented from rotating during use.

  Particularly in the case of this example, composite materials 31 and 31 impregnated with MR fluid 7 corresponding to the functional material described in the claims are supported and fixed on both side surfaces in the axial direction of the stationary disks 5 and 5 described above. doing. The MR fluid 7 is a kind of functional fluid whose apparent viscosity changes according to an external magnetic field as described in, for example, Patent Document 2 and widely known, and has a strong particle size of about 1 to 10 μm. It is a turbid liquid in which magnetic particles (pure iron, carbonyl iron, etc.) are mainly dispersed in an oil-based solvent.

  In the case of this example, the composite material 31, 31 is obtained by impregnating the MR fluid 7 having such characteristics into the porous members 32, 32 made of sintered metal manufactured by a powder metallurgy method or the like. Is configured. The composite materials 31 and 31 are supported and fixed on the side surfaces in the axial direction of the stationary disks 5 and 5 by fixing means such as bonding with an adhesive or screwing. In FIG. 4, the MR fluid 7 is represented by a pear pattern.

  The gap adjusting means 6 is for adjusting the size of the gap between the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the stationary disks 5 and 5 (composite material 31). Are provided with release springs 33 and 33 corresponding to the elastic member described above and a drive mechanism 34. Of these, the release springs 33 and 33 are disc spring-shaped, respectively, and the rotation-side disk 4 and the casing disposed between the inner-diameter portions of the rotation-side disks 4 and 4 and on the outermost side in the axial direction. It is provided between the inner side surface in the axial direction of the element 16a. As a result, based on the elasticity exerted by the release springs 33, 33 in a state where the drive mechanism 34 is not driven, the rotation-side discs 4, with the axial inner side surface of the casing element 16a as a reference. 4 is positioned in the axial direction, and the rotary disks 4 and 4 are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction. In the case of this example, when the rotary disks 4, 4 are moved inward in the axial direction by the release springs 33, 33, the stationary disk 5 on the axially inner side by the rotary disks 4, 4. 5 is moved. For this reason, the axially inner side surfaces of the respective rotation side disks 4 and 4 and the composite material 31 supported on the outer side in the axial direction of the respective stationary side disks 5 and 5 are temporarily brought into contact with each other. As the 4 rotates, an axial gap is formed. On the other hand, between the axially outer surface of each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4 and the axially inner side surface of the composite material 31 and the casing element 16a supported on the axially inner side of each of the stationary side disks 5 and 5. An axial gap is formed by the action of the release springs 33, 33. In the case of this example, as described above, in the non-braking state, between the axial side surfaces of the respective rotation side disks 4 and 4 and the respective composite materials 31 and 31, for example, 0.1 mm to An axial gap having a size of about 1.0 mm is provided.

  At the time of braking, the drive mechanism 34 elastically deforms the release springs 33 and 33 and moves the rotary disks 4 and 4 and the stationary disks 5 and 5 in the axial direction to rotate each of the rotary disks 4 and 5. The gap between the axial side surfaces of the side disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 supported on the axial side surfaces of the stationary side disks 5 and 5 is made zero. It adopts a ball / lamp structure. For this reason, the drive mechanism 34 includes a ramp plate 35, a drive lever 36, three balls 37, a casing element 16b that functions as a driven-side stator, and a return spring 38.

  The lamp plate 35 is formed in a substantially annular plate shape, and is disposed at an axially inner end portion of the disk housing space 18 so as to be capable of relative rotation with respect to the casing 2 and capable of axial displacement. ing. Further, on the inner side surface in the axial direction of the lamp plate 35 (surface facing the casing element 16b), drive side lamp tracks 39 are formed at three circumferentially spaced intervals. Each of the drive side lamp tracks 39, 39 has a partial arc shape as viewed from the axial direction on a single arc centered on the center of the lamp plate 35, and has a circular cross section (bus shape). It is arcuate. The height in the axial direction gradually changes in the same direction with respect to the circumferential direction.

  The lamp plate 35 is driven by rotating the drive lever 36. The drive lever 36 includes a cam portion 40, a shaft portion 41, and a lever portion 42, and is rotatably supported by the casing element 16b. Of these, the cam portion 40 is engaged (for example, concavo-convex engagement) with a part of the lamp plate 35 in the circumferential direction. The shaft portion 41 is rotatably supported in a through hole 43 formed so as to penetrate the casing element 16b in the axial direction, and an axial outer end portion is coupled to the cam portion 40. Yes. The lever portion 42 is coupled and fixed to an axially inner end portion of the shaft portion 41 exposed to the outside from the casing 2 (casing element 16b). When the drive lever 36 having such a configuration is rotated, the lamp plate 35 can be rotated relative to the casing 2 by the cam portion 40.

  In the case of this example, on the outer side surface in the axial direction of the casing element 16b, the driven side lamp tracks 44 are positioned at three positions in the circumferential direction facing the drive side lamp tracks 39, 39 in the axial direction. , 44 are formed. Each of these driven-side ramp tracks 44, 44 is a partial arc shape that exists on a single arc centered on the center of the casing element 16b as viewed from the axial direction, and has a cross-sectional shape (bus shape). It is arcuate. Then, the height in the axial direction gradually changes in the same direction with respect to the circumferential direction between the driven ramp tracks 44 and 44 and in the direction opposite to the driving ramp tracks 39 and 39.

  The balls 37 and 37 are sandwiched between the driving ramp tracks 39 and 39 and the driven ramp tracks 44 and 44 arranged in an axially opposed state.

  The return spring 38 is provided between the lamp plate 35 and the casing element 16b. Thereby, elasticity in a direction approaching the casing element 16 b (inward in the axial direction) is applied to the lamp plate 35, so that the lamp tracks 39 and 44 on the driving side and the driven side are connected to the balls 37. This prevents a gap from being generated.

  In the case of this example, an intermediate plate 45 made of a non-magnetic metal such as stainless steel is formed between the lamp plate 35 and the rotary disk 4 provided on the innermost side in the axial direction. Is interposed. Thereby, the axial pressing force by the lamp plate 35 is evenly transmitted to the inner side surface in the axial direction of the rotating side disk 4 so that the rotating side disk 4 is easily translated in the axial direction. The intermediate plate 45 can be omitted as necessary.

  The applying device 8 is a magnetic field generating device for applying a magnetic field to the MR fluid 7 in the porous member 32. The applying device 8 constitutes an electromagnetic coil 19 and a coil housing space 20 for housing the electromagnetic coil 19 as a yoke. The casing 2 is configured to function. The application device 8 of this example having such a configuration forms a magnetic circuit (magnetic field) as shown by a solid line α in FIG. 2 by passing a current through the electromagnetic coil 19. That is, a magnetic circuit that crosses the disk accommodating space 18 in the axial direction is formed.

  In the case of the brake device 1 of the present example, as described above, in a non-operating state, between the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the stationary disks 5 and 5 (composite materials 31 and 31). In addition, a predetermined axial gap is provided, and the member such as the MR fluid 7 is not in direct contact with the rotary disks 4 and 4. For this reason, even when the rotating disks 4 and 4 rotate with the wheels as the vehicle travels, no agitation resistance due to the MR fluid 7 acts on the rotating disks 4 and 4.

  In the case of the brake device 1 of the present example having the above-described configuration, in order to apply the braking force to the wheels, for example, based on the operation of the driver, the drive mechanism 34 is driven and the drive lever 36 is rotated. Based on the above, the lamp rotor 35 is rotated. Then, based on the engagement of the driving side ramp groove 39, the driven side lamp groove 44 and the plurality of balls 37, the lamp rotor 35 is moved outward in the axial direction. As a result, the rotary disks 4 and 4 and the stationary disks 5 and 5 are moved outward in the axial direction against the elasticity of the release springs 33 and 33, respectively. The gap between the four axial side surfaces and the composite materials 31, 31 supported on the axial side surfaces of the stationary disks 5, 5 is made zero.

Next, a current is applied to the electromagnetic coil 19 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) constituting the application device 8. As a result, a magnetic circuit as indicated by a solid line α is formed in the casing 2 that functions as a yoke. Then, a magnetic field in the axial direction (left-right direction in FIGS. 2 to 4) is applied to the MR fluid 7 impregnated in each of the porous members 32 and 32. When a magnetic field in such a direction is applied, the MR fluid 7 forms a chain structure by the magnetic polarization of the dispersed particles, and the apparent viscosity (yield shear force) increases to become a semi-solid state. . A chain structure of particles is formed between the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the stationary disks 5 and 5, each functioning as a magnetic pole. In this state, a resistance force against shearing the chain structure of the MR fluid 7 can be applied to each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4. The magnitude of the resistance force (braking force) can be adjusted by changing the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 19.
As described above, according to the brake device 1 of this example, a braking force can be applied to the wheel by the non-friction brake (MR brake) using the MR fluid 7.
In order to release the braking force by the non-friction brake as described above, energization to the electromagnetic coil 19 is stopped (stopped). As a result, the MR fluid 7 has a reduced apparent viscosity and returns to a liquid state, so that the resistance acting on the rotating disks 4 and 4 is sufficiently low, and the braking force is released.

Moreover, in the brake device 1 of this example, not only the braking force can be obtained by the non-friction brake as described above, but also the braking force can be obtained by the friction brake described below as required. That is, in order to obtain a braking force by the friction brake, as described above, from the state where the gap between the axial side surface of each of the rotation side disks 4 and 4 and each of the composite materials 31 and 31 is zero, The drive mechanism 34 is driven to move the lamp rotor 35 further outward in the axial direction. As a result, the axial side surfaces of the rotary disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 supported on the axial side surfaces of the stationary disks 5a and 5a are pressed against each other (strongly contacted). The pressing force can be adjusted by adjusting the operation amount of the drive lever 36. As described above, according to the brake device 1 of the present example, the braking force is applied to the wheels also by the friction brake that brings the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 into contact (sliding contact). I can do things. In this way, when the braking force by the friction brake is obtained, the porous members 32 and 32 constituting the composite materials 31 and 31 that can be used as the friction material as described above are used. .
Further, in order to release the braking force, the drive lever 36 is rotated in the opposite direction to the case where the braking force is applied. Then, the lamp rotor 35 is rotated and moved inward in the axial direction by the elasticity of the return spring 38. In addition, the release springs 33 and 33 are elastically returned to interpose axial gaps between the rotary disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31, respectively. As a result, the braking force is released.

  In the case of the brake device 1 of the present example, the electromagnetic coil 19 is also used while the braking force is obtained by the friction brake in which the rotary disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 are slidably contacted. In this manner, a rotational resistance can be applied from the MR fluid 7 to each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4 by continuously supplying a current to the rotating side disks 4 and 4. That is, the friction brake and the non-friction brake can be operated simultaneously. However, when it is necessary to operate the friction brake alone, energization of the electromagnetic coil 19 is stopped.

  In addition, the non-friction brake and the friction brake as described above may be used in any manner (application). For example, the non-friction brake can be used as a service brake for braking during traveling. . Further, the friction brake can be used as a service brake to supplement the braking force of the non-friction brake, and can also be used as a parking brake for braking at the time of parking because no electric power is required for operation. Furthermore, it can also be used as a spare brake when a non-friction brake fails. The brake device 1 of this example can also be used in combination with a drum brake device used exclusively for parking brakes. In this case, the friction brake is not used (not operated) or used as a service brake.

In the case of the brake device 1 of the present example having the above-described configuration, it is possible to prevent the abrasion powder from being scattered around during braking.
In other words, as described above, the brake device 1 of this example can obtain a braking force by using two types of brake means. In the non-friction brake, the MR fluid 7 is used to obtain the braking force. . For this reason, when braking is performed based on the non-friction brake, the generation of wear powder itself can be prevented. On the other hand, in the case of a friction brake, the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 are brought into sliding contact to obtain a braking force. For this reason, when performing braking based on the friction brake, wear powder is generated, but the wear powder can be retained in the disk housing space 18 sealed from the external space.
Therefore, according to the brake device 1 of this example, even when braking is performed by any brake means, it is possible to prevent the abrasion powder from being scattered around.

  In the case of this example, since it is not necessary to fill the disk accommodating space 18 with MR fluid, it is possible to prevent the agitating resistance based on the MR fluid from acting on each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4. For this reason, according to the brake device 1 of this example, the resistance acting on the wheel during non-braking can be suppressed to a small value, which is advantageous in improving the fuel efficiency of the automobile. In the case of this example, since the composite materials 31 and 31 are supported by the stationary disks 5 and 5 that do not rotate even when used, the rotating disks 4 and 4 that rotate when used. Compared with the case where it provides in, it can aim at the drop prevention of each said composite materials 31 and 31 effectively. Further, it is possible to effectively prevent the MR fluid 7 from leaking from each of the composite materials 31 and 31.

  In addition, when the braking force by the non-friction brake is obtained, the braking effect (feeling) can be easily adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 19. Further, when the braking force is obtained by the non-friction brake, since each member is not worn, maintenance can be omitted (maintenance-free) or the maintenance interval can be lengthened. In addition, when the braking force is obtained by the non-friction brake, the vibration of the brake device 1 can be suppressed and the generation of noise can be suppressed.

[Second Example of Embodiment]
A second example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of the brake device 1a of this example, mounting recesses 46, 46 that are recessed in the axial direction are formed on the axial side surfaces of the stationary disks 5a, 5a, and the composite materials 31a, 31a are formed in the mounting recesses 46, 46. The support is fixed.

In the case of this example having the above-described configuration, it is possible to make it difficult for the composite materials 31a and 31a to fall off from the stationary disks 5a and 5a. Further, when the braking force is obtained by the friction brake, it is advantageous in terms of suppressing the wear amount of the composite materials 31a and 31a. Moreover, the width of the material selection of the porous members 32a and 32a constituting each of the composite materials 31a and 31a can be widened, and the porous members 32a and 32a can be made of cloth, Paper, synthetic resin, and rubber can be easily used.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example of the said embodiment.

[Third example of embodiment]
A third example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of the brake device 1b of this example, mounting holes 47 and 47 penetrating in the axial direction are formed in the stationary disks 5b and 5b, and the composite materials 31b and 31b are fitted and fixed in the mounting holes 47 and 47. doing.

Also in the case of this example having the above-described configuration, it is possible to make it difficult to drop the composite materials 31b and 31b from the stationary disks 5b and 5b. Further, when the braking force is obtained by a friction brake, it is advantageous in terms of suppressing the wear amount of the composite materials 31b and 31b. Moreover, the range of material selection of the porous members 32b and 32b constituting the composite materials 31b and 31b can be expanded.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example and 2nd example of the said embodiment.

[Fourth Example of Embodiment]
A fourth example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the case of the brake device 1c of this example, the stationary side disks 5c and 5c are made of sintered metal manufactured by, for example, a powder metallurgy method, and each of the stationary side disks 5c and 5c itself has a porous structure. The stationary disks 5c and 5c are directly impregnated with the MR fluid 7.

In the case of this example having the above-described configuration, since the composite material is not provided, the composite material does not fall off. Moreover, the amount of impregnation of the MR fluid 7 can be increased as compared with the case where a composite material is provided. Further, since the composite material can be omitted, the number of parts can be reduced, and the assembly cost and the part management cost can be reduced. Also, the weight of the brake device 1c can be reduced.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example and 2nd example of the said embodiment.

[Fifth Example of Embodiment]
A fifth example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. A feature of the brake device 1d of this example is that a second drive mechanism 49 having an armature 48 is added to the structure of the first example of the embodiment described above. For this reason, in the case of this example, the shape of the casing 2a is changed, and the disk housing space 18a and the coil housing space 20a are disposed adjacent to each other in the axial direction. That is, in the case of this example, the casing 2a is provided in a state in which the casing main body 50, the cylindrical body 51 covering the outer peripheral surface of the casing main body 50, and the axially inner end opening of the cylindrical body 51 are closed. A portion enclosed by the casing main body 50, the cylindrical body 51, and the closing plate 52 is used as the disc storage space 18a.

  The casing main body 50 is made of a magnetic metal and has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and the inside thereof serves as the coil housing space 20a. A female spline groove 29a is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the inner half of the axial direction constituting the outer circumferential surface of the disk housing space 18a in the cylindrical body 51. The closing plate 52 has a crank shape in cross section, and its inner peripheral edge is coupled to the outer ring 10 constituting the rolling bearing unit 8 by a plurality of bolts 22.

  Further, in the case of this example, the rotation side disks 4 and 4 and the stationary side disks 5 and 5 are alternately arranged in the disk accommodating space 18a with respect to the axial direction. 5, an armature 48 made of a magnetic metal (for example, iron) plate and a ball / lamp type drive mechanism 34 (a part thereof) are respectively arranged. Among them, the armature 48 is disposed in the disk accommodating space 18a so as to be capable of relative displacement in the axial direction with respect to the casing 2a and the rotating cylinder 3, and sandwiches the respective rotating side and stationary side disks 4 and 5 therebetween. Thus, it faces the casing body 50 in the axial direction. An electromagnetic coil 19a is disposed in the coil housing space 20a.

  In this example, the electromagnetic coil 19a and the casing body 50 are used not only as the application device 8a but also as the second drive mechanism 49. More specifically, the application device 8a is constituted by the electromagnetic coil 19a and the casing main body 50 in which the electromagnetic coil 19a is accommodated. The second drive mechanism 49 includes the electromagnetic coil 19a, the casing body 50, and the armature 48. In any case, the casing body 50 is caused to function as a yoke for forming a magnetic circuit. In the case of this example, the lamp plate 35a constituting the drive mechanism 34 is made of a nonmagnetic material such as stainless steel. Thereby, when the electromagnetic coil 19a is energized, the lamp plate 35a is prevented from being attracted to the casing body 50 side (axially outer side).

  Also in the case of the brake device 1d of the present example having the above-described configuration, in order to apply a braking force to the wheels, the drive mechanism 34 is driven and the lamp rotor 35a is rotated based on the rotation operation of the drive lever 36. . Then, based on the engagement of the drive side lamp groove 39, the driven side lamp groove 44, and the plurality of balls 37, the lamp rotor 35a is moved outward in the axial direction. As a result, the rotating side disks 4 and 4 and the stationary side disks 5 and 5 are moved outward in the axial direction against the elasticity of the release springs 33 and 33, so that the axial side surfaces of the rotating side disks 4 and 4 are moved. And the gap between the composite members 31 and 31 supported on the axial side surfaces of the stationary disks 5 and 5 is made zero.

  Next, an axial magnetic field is applied to the MR fluid 7 impregnated in each of the porous members 32 and 32 by applying a current to the electromagnetic coil 19a (see FIGS. 8 and 9) constituting the applying device 8a. . Thereby, a chain structure of particles is formed between the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the stationary disks 5 and 5. In this state, a resistance force against shearing the chain structure of the MR fluid 7 can be applied to each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4. The magnitude of the resistance force (braking force) can be adjusted by changing the magnitude of the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 19a. Thus, according to the brake device 1d of this example, a braking force can be applied to the wheel by a non-friction brake (MR brake).

  Also in the brake device 1d of this example, not only the braking force can be obtained by the non-friction brake as described above, but also the braking force can be obtained by the friction brake described below as required. That is, in order to obtain a braking force by the friction brake, as described above, from the state in which the gap between the axial side surface of each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4 and each of the composite materials 31 and 31 is zero, The current supplied to the electromagnetic coil 19a is made larger than when a braking force is obtained by a friction brake. Thus, the composite materials 31 and 31 supported by the armature 48 constituting the second drive mechanism 49 on the axial side surface of each of the rotating side disks 4 and 4 and the axial side surface of each of the stationary side disks 5 and 5. Are pressed against each other (to make strong contact). The pressing force can be adjusted by changing the current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 19a.

In this example, the friction brake realized by driving the drive mechanism 34 is used as a parking brake for braking at the time of parking.
In the case of this example, when the braking force is obtained by the friction brake using the second drive mechanism 49 as described above, the rotational resistance is applied from the MR fluid 7 to the rotary disks 4 and 4. Is granted. That is, the friction brake and the non-friction brake act simultaneously. However, when it is necessary to operate the friction brake alone, as in the case of the first example of the above embodiment, the energization to the electromagnetic coil 19a is stopped and the drive mechanism 34 is driven. The friction brake can be operated independently. Further, if necessary, the driving mechanism 34 is driven together with the second driving mechanism 49, and the axial side surfaces of the rotary disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31, 31 are driven by the lamp rotor 35a. Can be pressed against each other. Thus, if the drive mechanism 34 and the second drive mechanism 49 are driven simultaneously, a greater braking force can be obtained than when either one is driven alone.

In the case of this example having the above-described configuration, the brake type (only the non-friction brake or non-friction brake and (Friction brake) can be easily switched, and the magnitude of the braking force can be sufficiently increased.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example of the said embodiment.

[Sixth Example of Embodiment]
A sixth example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A feature of the brake device 1e of this example is that an electromagnetic solenoid 53 is used as the drive mechanism 34a, and other configurations are the same as in the case of the first example of the embodiment. Particularly in the case of this example, the solenoid main body 54 constituting the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is supported and fixed to the inner side surface in the axial direction of the casing element 16b constituting the casing 2b. A plunger 55 constituting the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is inserted into a through-hole 43a formed so as to penetrate the casing element 16b in the axial direction, and the axially outer end portion of the plunger 55 is connected to the intermediate plate 45. Is opposed in the axial direction.

In the case of this example having the above-described configuration, a coil (not shown) in the solenoid body 54 is energized when a braking force is obtained by a friction brake. As a result, a fixed magnetic pole (not shown) around which the coil is wound is magnetized, and the plunger 55 is moved outward in the axial direction. Then, the gap between the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 is made zero via the intermediate plate 45, or both the members 4 and 31 are pressed strongly as necessary.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example of the said embodiment.

[Seventh example of embodiment]
A seventh example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. A feature of the brake device 1f of the present example is that a piston device 56 driven by a fluid (hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, water pressure) is used as the driving mechanism 34b. This is the same as the case of the first example. Particularly in the case of this example, the piston device 56 is accommodated in a piston accommodation space 57 formed in the casing element 16b constituting the casing 2c. Further, the working fluid is supplied to the piston device 56 through a flow path 58 formed so as to penetrate the casing element 16b.

In the case of this example having the above-described configuration, when the braking force is obtained by the friction brake as the second brake means, the piston device 56 is supplied from the fluid supply unit disposed outside through the flow path 58. Is supplied with a working fluid. Thereby, the piston 59 which comprises this piston apparatus 56 is moved toward the axial direction outer side. The axially outer end surface of the piston 59 eliminates the gap between the rotation-side discs 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 via the intermediate plate 45, or requires both these members 4 and 31. Press firmly according to the.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example of the said embodiment.

[Eighth Example of Embodiment]
An eighth example of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The brake device 1g of this example is characterized by an electric motor 60 as a drive mechanism 34c, and a ball screw mechanism (feed screw) 61, which is a conversion mechanism for converting the rotational movement of the output shaft of the electric motor 60 into linear movement. The other configuration is the same as that of the first example of the above embodiment. Particularly in the case of this example, the ball nut 62 constituting the ball screw mechanism 61 is supported and fixed to the outer surface in the axial direction of the casing element 16b constituting the casing 2d. Then, a ball screw (linear motion member) 63 constituting the ball screw mechanism 61 is inserted into a through hole 43b formed so as to penetrate the casing element 16b in the axial direction, and the axial direction of the ball screw 63 is The outer end portion is opposed to the intermediate plate 45 in the axial direction.

In the case of this example having the above-described configuration, when the braking force is obtained by the friction brake as the second brake means, the electric motor 60 disposed outside the casing 2d is energized. Thereby, the ball screw 63 constituting the ball screw mechanism 61 is moved outward in the axial direction. Then, the gap between the rotating disks 4 and 4 and the composite materials 31 and 31 is made zero via the intermediate plate 45, or both the members 4 and 31 are pressed strongly as necessary.
About another structure and an effect, it is the same as that of the case of the 1st example of the said embodiment.

When practicing the present invention, the number of rotating and stationary disks used is not limited to the structure of each example of the embodiment described above, and is set as appropriate according to the required braking force. I can do things. Similarly, the outer diameter (disk diameter) of the rotating disk and stationary disk, the size of the axial gap between the rotating disk and stationary disk, the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil, the coil wire diameter, etc. It can be set as appropriate according to the required braking force. Moreover, when implementing this invention, a release spring can be arrange | positioned not only between rotation side discs but between stationary side discs.
In addition, the structures of the examples of the above-described embodiments can be implemented in appropriate combination.
The brake device of the present invention can be used for braking a vehicle such as a micro-mobility or a normal passenger car, as well as for braking a wheel of a bicycle or a wheelchair, and for braking a rotating member constituting a handicapped assistive device or a rehabilitation device. It can also be used as a building seismic isolation damper.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a-1g Brake device 2, 2a-2d Casing 3 Rotating cylinder 4 Rotation side disk 5, 5a-5c Stationary side disk 6 Gap adjustment means 7 MR fluid 8, 8a Application device 9 Rolling bearing unit 10 Outer ring 11 Hub 12 Rolling Bearing 13 Engagement hole 14 Rotating flange 15 Stud 16a, 16b Casing element 17 Bolt 18, 18a Disk storage space 19, 19a Electromagnetic coil 20, 20a Coil storage space 21 Mounting flange 22 Coupling bolt 23 Rotation side support 24 Male spline groove 25 Seal surface 26 Seal ring 27 Female spline part 28 Stationary side support part 29, 29a Female spline groove 30 Male spline part 31, 31a, 31b Composite material 32, 32a, 32b Porous member 33 Release spring 34, 34a-34c Drive machine Structure 35, 35a Lamp plate 36 Drive lever 37 Ball 38 Return spring 39 Drive side lamp track 40 Cam portion 41 Shaft portion 42 Lever portion 43, 43a, 43b Through hole 44 Drive side lamp track 45 Intermediate plate 46 Mounting recess 47 Mounting hole 48 Armature 49 Second Drive Mechanism 50 Casing Body 51 Tubular 52 Closing Plate 53 Electromagnetic Solenoid 54 Solenoid Body 55 Plunger 56 Piston Device 57 Piston Housing Space 58 Channel 59 Piston 61 Electric Motor 61 Ball Screw Mechanism 62 Ball Nut 63 Ball screw

Claims (8)

A stationary member;
A rotating member disposed coaxially with the stationary member and rotating relative to the stationary member;
One or a plurality of rotating-side disks supported on the peripheral surface of the rotating member so as not to be relatively rotatable;
One or a plurality of stationary disks that are supported on the peripheral surface of the stationary member so as not to rotate relative to each other in a state of being axially opposed to the rotating disk via a gap;
A gap adjusting means for adjusting the size of the gap between the stationary disk and the rotating disk;
At least one of the stationary disk and the rotating disk is impregnated directly or apparently by applying a magnetic field or electric field impregnated in a porous member supported by the at least one disk. A functional material capable of adjusting the viscosity of
An application device for applying a magnetic field or an electric field to the functional material,
The gap between the rotating side disk and the stationary side disk is made zero by the gap adjusting means, and a magnetic field or an electric field is applied to the functional fluid by the applying device to make the apparent viscosity of the functional material. A braking device that imparts rotational resistance to the rotating side disk by raising it.   The gap adjusting means moves at least one of the stationary disk and the rotating disk in the axial direction while elastically deforming the elastic member and the elastic member during braking, and rotates with the stationary disk. The brake device according to claim 1, further comprising a drive mechanism that makes a gap between the side disk and the side disk zero.   The brake device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the porous member is made of metal.   The static material is impregnated directly with the functional material, or a composite material obtained by impregnating the porous material with the functional material is supported. The brake device described in item 1.   The brake device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a composite material obtained by impregnating the porous material with the functional material is supported on an axial side surface of the disc.   The composite material formed by impregnating the porous material with the functional material is supported in a recess formed on an axial side surface of the disc. Brake device.   The composite material formed by impregnating the porous material with the functional material is supported in a through-hole penetrating the disk in the axial direction, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Brake device.   The brake device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the functional material is an MR fluid, and the application device is a magnetic field generator.

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