JP2017115920A - Sliding member - Google Patents
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- JP2017115920A JP2017115920A JP2015249270A JP2015249270A JP2017115920A JP 2017115920 A JP2017115920 A JP 2017115920A JP 2015249270 A JP2015249270 A JP 2015249270A JP 2015249270 A JP2015249270 A JP 2015249270A JP 2017115920 A JP2017115920 A JP 2017115920A
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- sliding
- molybdenum disulfide
- disulfide particles
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- particles
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 154
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003703 image analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical group [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、摺動部材に関するものであり、詳細には、裏金層と、合成樹脂および二硫化モリブデンからなる摺動層とを備えた摺動部材に係るものである。 The present invention relates to a sliding member, and specifically relates to a sliding member provided with a back metal layer and a sliding layer made of synthetic resin and molybdenum disulfide.
合成樹脂に固体潤滑剤として二硫化モリブデンを添加した樹脂組成物を有する摺動部材が、従来より用いられている（例えば、特許文献１、特許文献２）。 Conventionally, a sliding member having a resin composition obtained by adding molybdenum disulfide as a solid lubricant to a synthetic resin has been used (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
この二硫化モリブデンは、特許文献１の図１に示されるように、モリブデン原子が規則正しく網目構造を形成して平面状に広がるＢ面（六角網面平面）が、硫黄原子が規則正しく網目構造を形成して平面状に広がるＡ面（六角網面平面）により挟まれたＡ面／Ｂ面／Ａ面の構造が多数積層し、Ａ面およびＢ面に垂直なＣ軸方向に厚みを有する層状結晶である。硫黄原子同士の結合力（ファンデルワールス力）は、モリブデン原子と硫黄原子との結合力に比べて小さいため、二硫化モリブデンは、外力を受けると硫黄原子による六角網面（Ａ面）同士の間でせん断が起きやすい。そのため、二硫化モリブデンは、Ａ面またはＢ面の広がりに対して積層方向の厚みが薄いため、全体としては薄板状を呈している。 In this molybdenum disulfide, as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1, the B surface (hexagonal network plane) in which molybdenum atoms regularly form a network structure and spread in a planar shape, and the sulfur atoms regularly form a network structure. A plurality of A surface / B surface / A surface structures sandwiched by planarly extending A surfaces (hexagonal mesh surface planes) and having a thickness in the C-axis direction perpendicular to the A and B surfaces It is. Since the bond strength between vanadium atoms (van der Waals force) is smaller than the bond force between molybdenum atoms and sulfur atoms, molybdenum disulfide has a hexagonal network surface (A surface) between sulfur atoms when subjected to external forces. Shearing easily occurs between them. Therefore, molybdenum disulfide has a thin plate shape as a whole because the thickness in the stacking direction is thin with respect to the spread of the A-plane or B-plane.
特許文献１は、従来の摺動部材では、摺動層中に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子の表面（Ａ面およびＢ面に平行な方向の表面）が、摺動面に対して数°〜３０°程度傾斜し配向していたため高面圧および高周速の摺動条件では、耐焼付性が不十分であるという問題を解決するため、特許文献１の図５に示すように摺動層中に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子のＡ面およびＢ面に平行な方向の表面を、摺動層の表面に対して略平行に配向させた摺動部材を提案する。 In Patent Document 1, in the conventional sliding member, the surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer (the surface in the direction parallel to the A surface and the B surface) is several ° to 30 ° with respect to the sliding surface. In order to solve the problem that the seizure resistance is insufficient under sliding conditions of high surface pressure and high peripheral speed because it is inclined and oriented at about °, as shown in FIG. A sliding member is proposed in which the surfaces of the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in are oriented parallel to the surface of the sliding layer in the direction parallel to the A and B surfaces.
特許文献１に記載された摺動部材は、冷凍圧縮機等のように変動荷重を支承する軸受部に用いると、摺動時に摺動面に露出する二硫化モリブデン粒子に割れが生じて摺動面からの脱落がおこり、摺動性能とりわけ耐摩耗性の低下が起こることが判明した。 When the sliding member described in Patent Document 1 is used for a bearing portion that supports a variable load such as a refrigeration compressor, the molybdenum disulfide particles that are exposed on the sliding surface at the time of sliding are cracked to slide. It was found that slipping off from the surface occurred and sliding performance, particularly wear resistance, was reduced.
冷凍圧縮機等のように軸受部の摺動部材の摺動面は、相手軸の回転による摺動面に対して平行な方向の負荷だけでなく、相手軸の表面からの摺動面に対して垂直方向に変動する負荷を同時に受ける。摺動面に露出するＡ面およびＢ面に平行な二硫化モリブデン粒子の表面（以下、「二硫化モリブデン粒子の主表面」という）が摺動面に対して平行に配向していると、相手軸からの摺動面に対して垂直方向の変動負荷により摺動面に露出する二硫化モリブデンの粒子には、二硫化モリブデン粒子の表面に対して略垂直方向の負荷がかかる。そうすると、硫黄原子による六角網面平面（Ａ面）どうしの間でのせん断が起こらないで、Ａ面に対して略垂直方向のせん断が生じ、粒子が薄板形状であるため、厚さ方向に割れが生じて、二硫化モリブデンの粒子の破断が生じる。このせん断片が摺動面と相手軸表面との間の隙間に侵入し、摺動面に傷をつける。また、摺動面の二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落すると相手軸との摩擦抵抗が高くなり摩耗量が増加する。 The sliding surface of the sliding member of the bearing section, such as a refrigeration compressor, is not only a load parallel to the sliding surface due to the rotation of the mating shaft, but also the sliding surface from the surface of the mating shaft. To receive a load that fluctuates vertically. If the surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles parallel to the A and B surfaces exposed on the sliding surface (hereinafter referred to as “the main surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles”) is oriented parallel to the sliding surface, Molybdenum disulfide particles exposed to the sliding surface due to a variable load in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface from the shaft are subjected to a load in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles. As a result, no shearing occurs between hexagonal mesh planes (A-planes) due to sulfur atoms, but shearing in a direction substantially perpendicular to the A-plane occurs, and the particles are thin plate-like, so that cracks occur in the thickness direction. Occurs, and the molybdenum disulfide particles break. This thread piece enters the gap between the sliding surface and the surface of the mating shaft, and damages the sliding surface. Further, when the molybdenum disulfide particles on the sliding surface fall off, the frictional resistance with the mating shaft increases and the amount of wear increases.
したがって、本発明の目的は、上記の従来技術の欠点を克服して、摺動層に含有された二硫化モリブデン粒子の脱落が摺動時に起き難い樹脂系摺動部材を提供することである。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a resin-based sliding member that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and is unlikely to drop off molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer during sliding.
本発明の一観点によれば、裏金層と、この裏金層上に設けられた摺動層とを備える摺動部材が提供される。この摺動層は、合成樹脂と、この合成樹脂に分散された二硫化モリブデン粒子からなり、二硫化モリブデン粒子は合計で、摺動層の５〜５０体積％を占め、二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径は０．５〜１０μｍである。二硫化モリブデン粒子は、長軸と短軸との比の平均で表される平均アスペクト比Ｓ１が、３〜１０であり、次式による「等方分散指数（Ｓ２）」が、０．８５〜１．１５となっている。等方分散指数（Ｓ２）は、
Ｓ２＝Ｘ１／Ｙ１
により表される（各二硫化モリブデン粒子についてのＸ１／Ｙ１の平均）。
ここで、Ｘ１は摺動層の摺動面に対して垂直方向の断面組織での二硫化モリブデン粒子の摺動面に対して平行方向の長さであり、Ｙ１は、摺動層の摺動面に対して垂直方向の断面組織での二硫化モリブデン粒子の摺動面に対して垂直方向の長さを表す。
According to one aspect of the present invention, a sliding member is provided that includes a backing metal layer and a sliding layer provided on the backing metal layer. This sliding layer is made of synthetic resin and molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in this synthetic resin, and the molybdenum disulfide particles occupy a total of 5 to 50% by volume of the sliding layer, and the average of the molybdenum disulfide particles. The particle size is 0.5-10 μm. The molybdenum disulfide particles have an average aspect ratio S1 represented by an average of the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 3 to 10, and an “isotropic dispersion index (S2)” according to the following formula is 0.85 to 1.15. Isotropic dispersion index (S2) is
S2 = X1 / Y1
(X1 / Y1 average for each molybdenum disulfide particle).
Here, X1 is a length parallel to the sliding surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles in a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the sliding surface of the sliding layer, and Y1 is a sliding surface of the sliding layer. The length in the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles in the cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the surface is represented.
本発明では、「平均アスペクト比（Ｓ１）」を３〜１０とする。平均アスペクト比が３未満であれば、二硫化モリブデン粒子の表面積が小さくなるので、合成樹脂との二硫化モリブデン粒子の接触面積が小さくなり、その結果、合成樹脂との密着性が小さくなると考えられる。そのために、二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落しやすくなり、ひいては耐摩耗性が劣ると考えられる。アスペクト比が１０を超えると、二硫化モリブデン粒子の長軸長さ（粒子の長さ）が長くなるために、等方的に分散しにくくなり、二硫化モリブデン粒子の主表面が摺動面に対して略平行となりやすくなる。そのために、垂直方向への負荷に対して厚さ方向の割れが生じやすくなり、ひいては、脱落が起きやすくなり耐摩耗性が劣ると考えられる。本発明は、二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均アスペクト比を３〜１０とすることにより、二硫化モリブデン粒子と合成樹脂との密着性が向上し、且つ等方的に分散できるので、耐摩耗に優れた摺動層を得ることができる。 In the present invention, the “average aspect ratio (S1)” is 3 to 10. If the average aspect ratio is less than 3, the surface area of the molybdenum disulfide particles becomes small, so that the contact area of the molybdenum disulfide particles with the synthetic resin becomes small, and as a result, the adhesion with the synthetic resin becomes small. . For this reason, it is considered that molybdenum disulfide particles are likely to fall off and eventually have poor wear resistance. When the aspect ratio exceeds 10, the major axis length (particle length) of the molybdenum disulfide particles becomes long, so that it becomes difficult to disperse isotropically, and the main surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles becomes the sliding surface. It becomes easy to become substantially parallel to it. For this reason, cracks in the thickness direction are likely to occur with respect to a load in the vertical direction. In the present invention, when the average aspect ratio of the molybdenum disulfide particles is 3 to 10, the adhesion between the molybdenum disulfide particles and the synthetic resin can be improved and isotropically dispersed, so that the wear resistance is excellent. A sliding layer can be obtained.
さらに、本発明では、摺動層内に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子は、等方分散指数（Ｓ２）が０．８５〜１．１５である。上記の通り、本発明では、摺動層中に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子は、その長軸方向が摺動層中で等方的に分散する、換言すれば、二硫化モリブデン粒子の長軸は、摺動層中で特定の方向を向くように配向しない、すなわち無配向となることが重要である。このため、摺動層が特定方向の負荷に対して強度が低くなってしまうことがない。このため、摺動層の摺動面に露出する二硫化モリブデン粒子に割れ（せん断）が生じ難くなり、摺動層の耐摩耗性が向上する。
樹脂層の強度を高めるために二硫化モリブデン粒子の等方分散指数Ｓ２は、０．８５〜１．１５が望ましく、より望ましくは０．９〜１．１０である。
Furthermore, in the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer have an isotropic dispersion index (S2) of 0.85 to 1.15. As described above, in the present invention, the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer have the major axis direction isotropically dispersed in the sliding layer, in other words, the major axis of the molybdenum disulfide particles is It is important that they are not oriented so as to face a specific direction in the sliding layer, that is, become non-oriented. For this reason, the strength of the sliding layer against a load in a specific direction is not lowered. For this reason, the molybdenum disulfide particles exposed on the sliding surface of the sliding layer are hardly cracked (sheared), and the wear resistance of the sliding layer is improved.
In order to increase the strength of the resin layer, the isotropic dispersion index S2 of the molybdenum disulfide particles is desirably 0.85 to 1.15, and more desirably 0.9 to 1.10.
本発明の一具体例によれば、合成樹脂は、ＰＡＩ、ＰＩ、ＰＢＩ、ＰＡ、フェノール、エポキシ、ＰＯＭ（ポリアセタール）、ＰＥＥＫ（ポリエーテルエーテルケトン）、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）、ＰＰＳ（ポリフェニレンサルファイド）およびＰＥＩ（ポリエーテルイミド）のうちから選ばれる１種または２種以上からなることができ、それにより、摺動相の強度および摺動特性を高めることができる。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the synthetic resin comprises PAI, PI, PBI, PA, phenol, epoxy, POM (polyacetal), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PE (polyethylene), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) and It can consist of 1 type, or 2 or more types chosen from PEI (polyetherimide), Thereby, the intensity | strength and sliding characteristic of a sliding phase can be improved.
本発明の一具体例によれば、摺動層は、黒鉛、ＷＳ２、ｈ−ＢＮおよびＰＴＦＥから選ばれる１種または２種以上の固体潤滑剤を１〜２０体積％の範囲でさらに含むことができる。この固体潤滑剤を含有することにより、摺動層の摺動特性を高めることができる。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding layer further includes one or more solid lubricants selected from graphite, WS 2 , h-BN and PTFE in the range of 1 to 20% by volume. Can do. By containing this solid lubricant, the sliding characteristics of the sliding layer can be enhanced.
本発明の一具体例によれば、摺動層は、ＣａＦ２、ＣａＣｏ３、タルク、マイカ、ムライト、酸化鉄、リン酸カルシウムおよびＭｏ２Ｃ（モリブデンカーバイト）のうちから選ばれる１種または２種以上の充填材を１〜１０体積％の範囲でさらに含むことができる。この充填材を含有することにより、摺動層の耐摩耗性を高めることが可能となる。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding layer is one or two selected from CaF 2 , CaCo 3 , talc, mica, mullite, iron oxide, calcium phosphate and Mo 2 C (molybdenum carbide). The above filler can further be contained in the range of 1 to 10% by volume. By containing this filler, the wear resistance of the sliding layer can be increased.
本発明の一具体例によれば、摺動部材は、裏金層と摺動層との間に多孔質金属層をさらに有することができる。裏金層の表面に多孔質金属層を設けることにより、摺動層と裏金層の接合強度を高めることができる。すなわち、多孔質金属層の空孔部に摺動層を構成する組成物が含浸されることによるアンカー効果により裏金層と摺動層との接合力の強化が可能になる。
多孔質金属層は、Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ合金、Ｆｅ、Ｆｅ合金等の金属粉末を金属板や条等の表面上に焼結することにより形成することができる。多孔質金属層の空孔率は２０〜６０％程度であればよい。多孔質金属層の厚さは５０〜５００ｍｍ程度とすればよい。この場合、多孔質金属層の表面上に被覆される摺動層の厚さは０．０５〜０．４ｍｍ程度となるようにすればよい。ただし、ここで記載した寸法は一例であり、本発明がこの値の限定されるものではなく、異なる寸法に変更するも可能である。
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding member may further include a porous metal layer between the back metal layer and the sliding layer. By providing the porous metal layer on the surface of the back metal layer, the bonding strength between the sliding layer and the back metal layer can be increased. That is, the bonding force between the backing metal layer and the sliding layer can be enhanced by the anchor effect by impregnating the pores of the porous metal layer with the composition constituting the sliding layer.
The porous metal layer can be formed by sintering metal powder such as Cu, Cu alloy, Fe, Fe alloy or the like on the surface of a metal plate or strip. The porosity of the porous metal layer may be about 20 to 60%. The thickness of the porous metal layer may be about 50 to 500 mm. In this case, the thickness of the sliding layer coated on the surface of the porous metal layer may be about 0.05 to 0.4 mm. However, the dimension described here is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this value, and can be changed to a different dimension.
図１に本発明による摺動部材１の一例の断面を概略的に示す。摺動部材１は、裏金層２上に、摺動層３が設けられている。摺動層３は、合成樹脂４と５〜５０体積％の二硫化モリブデン粒子５とからなる。二硫化モリブデン粒子５の平均粒径は、０．５〜１０μｍである。また、二硫化モリブデン粒子５の平均短軸長さ（平均厚み）は０．１μｍ以上である。二硫化モリブデン粒子５の長軸と短軸の比の平均で表されるアスペクト比（Ｓ１）は、３〜１０である。 FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross section of an example of a sliding member 1 according to the present invention. The sliding member 1 is provided with a sliding layer 3 on a back metal layer 2. The sliding layer 3 is composed of a synthetic resin 4 and 5 to 50% by volume molybdenum disulfide particles 5. The average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles 5 is 0.5 to 10 μm. Further, the average minor axis length (average thickness) of the molybdenum disulfide particles 5 is 0.1 μm or more. The aspect ratio (S1) represented by the average ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the molybdenum disulfide particles 5 is 3 to 10.
アスペクト比（Ｓ１）は、図２に示すように、各二硫化モリブデン粒子５の長軸の長さ（Ｌ）と短軸の長さ（Ｓ）の比（長軸の長さ（Ｌ）／短軸の長さ（Ｓ））の平均として求められる。さらに、摺動層３内に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子５は、次式による等方分散指数（Ｓ２）が、０．８５〜１．１５となっている（各二硫化モリブデン粒子についての平均値）。
Ｓ２=Ｘ１／Ｙ１
ここで、図２に示すように、Ｘ１は（摺動層の摺動面に対して垂直方向の断面組織での）長球状の二硫化モリブデン粒子の摺動面に対して平行方向の長さであり、Ｙ１は（摺動層の摺動面に対して垂直方向の断面組織での）長球状の二硫化モリブデン粒子の摺動面に対して垂直方向の長さである。
As shown in FIG. 2, the aspect ratio (S1) is a ratio of the major axis length (L) to the minor axis length (S) of each molybdenum disulfide particle 5 (major axis length (L) / It is obtained as an average of the length (S) of the minor axis. Furthermore, the molybdenum disulfide particles 5 dispersed in the sliding layer 3 have an isotropic dispersion index (S2) of 0.85 to 1.15 according to the following formula (an average value for each molybdenum disulfide particle). ).
S2 = X1 / Y1
Here, as shown in FIG. 2, X1 is the length parallel to the sliding surface of the oblong molybdenum disulfide particles (with a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the sliding surface of the sliding layer). Y1 is the length in the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface of the oblong molybdenum disulfide particles (with a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the sliding surface of the sliding layer).
合成樹脂４は、ＰＡＩ、ＰＩ、ＰＢＩ、ＰＡ、フェノール、エポキシ、ＰＯＭ（ポリアセタール）、ＰＥＥＫ（ポリエーテルエーテルケトン）、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）、ＰＰＳ（ポリフェニレンサルファイド）およびＰＥＩ（ポリエーテルイミド）のうちから選ばれる１種または２種以上からなることができる。摺動層３は、黒鉛、ＷＳ２、ｈ−ＢＮおよびＰＴＦＥから選ばれる１種または２種以上の固体潤滑剤１〜２０体積％をさらに含むことができる。摺動層３は、ＣａＦ２、ＣａＣｏ３、タルク、マイカ、ムライト、酸化鉄、リン酸カルシウムおよびＭｏ２Ｃ（モリブデンカーバイト）のうちから選ばれる１種または２種以上の充填材１〜１０体積％をさらに含むことができる。 Synthetic resin 4 is selected from among PAI, PI, PBI, PA, phenol, epoxy, POM (polyacetal), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PE (polyethylene), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) and PEI (polyetherimide). It can consist of one or more selected. The sliding layer 3 can further contain 1 to 20% by volume of one or more solid lubricants selected from graphite, WS 2 , h-BN and PTFE. The sliding layer 3 is composed of 1 to 10% by volume of one or more fillers selected from CaF 2 , CaCo 3 , talc, mica, mullite, iron oxide, calcium phosphate and Mo 2 C (molybdenum carbide). Can further be included.
なお、摺動層３と裏金層２との間に多孔質金属層６を設けてもよい。多孔質金属層６を設けた摺動部材の一例の断面を図３に概略的に示す。 A porous metal layer 6 may be provided between the sliding layer 3 and the back metal layer 2. FIG. 3 schematically shows a cross section of an example of the sliding member provided with the porous metal layer 6.
上記に説明した摺動部材について、製造工程に沿いながら以下に詳細に説明する。
（１）原材料二硫化モリブデン粒子の準備
原材料として二硫化モリブデン粒子を準備する。この原材料の二硫化モリブデン粒子は、レーザー回折式粒度測定装置により測定される二硫化モリブデン粒子の主平面に平行方向の平均粒径が１〜２０μmであり、また粒子の平均短軸方向長さ（厚み）が、光学式３次元形状測定器（例えば、ｚｙｇｏ社製のＮｅｗｖｉｅｗ５０２２）を用いて複数個の粒子厚みを測定し平均化した値が０．１μm以上である薄板状（鱗片状）のものを用いることが好ましい。
The sliding member described above will be described in detail below along the manufacturing process.
(1) Preparation of raw material molybdenum disulfide particles Prepare molybdenum disulfide particles as a raw material. The raw material molybdenum disulfide particles have an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm parallel to the main plane of the molybdenum disulfide particles measured by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer, and the average minor axis length of the particles ( Thickness) is a thin plate (scale-like) having a value obtained by measuring and averaging a plurality of particle thicknesses using an optical three-dimensional shape measuring instrument (for example, Newview 5022 manufactured by zygo). Is preferably used.
（２）合成樹脂粒子の準備
原材料として合成樹脂粒子を準備する。原材料合成樹脂粒子は、二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均径の２００％の平均粒径を有するものを用いることが好ましい。合成樹脂としては、ＰＡＩ、ＰＩ、ＰＢＩ、ＰＡ、フェノール、エポキシ、ＰＯＭ（ポリアセタール）、ＰＥＥＫ（ポリエーテルエーテルケトン）、ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）、ＰＰＳ（ポリフェニレンサルファイド）およびＰＥＩ（ポリエーテルイミド）のうちから選ばれる１種または２種類以上からなるもの等を用いることができる。
(2) Preparation of synthetic resin particles Synthetic resin particles are prepared as raw materials. As the raw material synthetic resin particles, those having an average particle diameter of 200% of the average diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles are preferably used. Synthetic resins include PAI, PI, PBI, PA, phenol, epoxy, POM (polyacetal), PEEK (polyether ether ketone), PE (polyethylene), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) and PEI (polyetherimide). What consists of 1 type or 2 types or more selected can be used.
（３）混合
二硫化モリブデン成分が５〜５０体積％となるように合成樹脂粒子と二硫化モリブデン粒子の割合を調整する。二硫化モリブデン粒子と合成樹脂粒子とを有機溶剤で、二硫化モリブデン及び合成樹脂粒子を合わせた固形分が４０〜５０％の割合となるように希釈し、粘度が６００００〜１０００００ｍＰａ・ｓとなる組成物を作製する。この希釈液をロールミルで混合する。なお、従来の二硫化モリブデン粒子や他の充填剤粒子を含有する樹脂組成物の希釈液の粘度は、通常は、最大でも１５０００ｍＰａ・ｓ程度になされていた。
ロールミルで混合する際、ロールミルのロール間の隙間は、二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径の４００％程度に設定する。ただし、合成樹脂粒子と二硫化モリブデン粒子の混合方法は、この実施形態で示したロールミルを用いた混合方法に限定されない。他の混合機を用いたり混合条件を調整することによっても、本発明の構成を満たすことも可能である。
(3) Mixing The ratio of synthetic resin particles and molybdenum disulfide particles is adjusted so that the molybdenum disulfide component is 5 to 50% by volume. A composition in which molybdenum disulfide particles and synthetic resin particles are diluted with an organic solvent so that the solid content of molybdenum disulfide and synthetic resin particles is 40 to 50%, and the viscosity is 60,000 to 100,000 mPa · s. Make a thing. This diluted solution is mixed with a roll mill. In addition, the viscosity of the dilution liquid of the resin composition containing the conventional molybdenum disulfide particles and other filler particles is usually about 15000 mPa · s at the maximum.
When mixing with a roll mill, the gap between the rolls of the roll mill is set to about 400% of the average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles. However, the mixing method of the synthetic resin particles and the molybdenum disulfide particles is not limited to the mixing method using the roll mill shown in this embodiment. It is also possible to satisfy the configuration of the present invention by using another mixer or adjusting the mixing conditions.
（４）裏金
裏金層としては、Ｆｅ合金、Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ合金等の金属板を用いることができる。裏金層表面、すなわち摺動層との界面となる側に多孔質金属層を形成してもよい。多孔質金属層は裏金層と同じ組成を有することも、異なる組成または材料を用いることも可能である。
(4) Back metal As a back metal layer, metal plates, such as Fe alloy, Cu, and Cu alloy, can be used. A porous metal layer may be formed on the surface of the back metal layer, that is, the side that becomes the interface with the sliding layer. The porous metal layer can have the same composition as the backing metal layer, or a different composition or material can be used.
（５）被覆工程
混合後の組成物は、金属製の裏金層の一方の表面に塗布され、あるいは裏金層上の多孔質金属層に塗布され、組成物を塗布した裏金は、組成物の厚さを均一とするため、所定の一定隙間を有するロール間に通される。
混合後の組成物の粘度は、樹脂摺動部材の摺動層中での二硫化モリブデン粒子の等方（無配向）分散に密接に関係するために、この二硫化モリブデン粒子の等方分散は、この被覆工程にて形成されることが判明した。
(5) Coating process The composition after mixing is applied to one surface of the metal back metal layer, or applied to the porous metal layer on the back metal layer, and the back metal applied with the composition is the thickness of the composition. In order to make the thickness uniform, it is passed between rolls having a predetermined constant gap.
The viscosity of the composition after mixing is closely related to the isotropic (non-oriented) dispersion of the molybdenum disulfide particles in the sliding layer of the resin sliding member. It was found that it was formed by this coating process.
組成物の裏金層表面への塗布を容易にするために、混合工程後の組成物を、さらに有機溶剤で粘度が１５０００ｍＰａ・ｓとなるように希釈した後に被覆工程を実施したところ、完成した摺動部材は、摺動層中に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子の多くは、長軸が摺動面に対して略平行な方向を向くように分散し、摺動層の強度が低いものとなった。組成物の粘度が低い（有機溶剤の割合が多い）場合、組成物中の薄板状の二硫化モリブデン粒子は、組成物を塗布した裏金層がロール隙間を通過するときに、その長軸が摺動面に対して平行な方向を向くように有機溶剤とともに流動しやすくなるからである。
他方、組成物の粘度が６００００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であると、被覆工程で鱗片状の二硫化モリブデン粒子が流動しにくいので、この鱗片状の二硫化モリブデン粒子は、その長軸の向く方向が、樹脂摺動部材の摺動層中において等方的に分散する。具体的には、組成物の粘度が６００００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であると、摺動層に分散する鱗片状の二硫化モリブデン粒子は、等方分散指数（Ｓ２）が０．８５〜１．１５となる。さらに組成物に粘度が７００００ｍＰａ・ｓ以上であると等方分散指数が０．９〜１．１となり、より摺動層の強度が高くなる。
In order to facilitate the application of the composition to the back metal layer surface, the composition after the mixing step was further diluted with an organic solvent so that the viscosity became 15000 mPa · s, and then the coating step was performed. In the moving member, most of the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer are dispersed so that the major axis is in a direction substantially parallel to the sliding surface, and the strength of the sliding layer is low. . When the viscosity of the composition is low (the ratio of the organic solvent is high), the thin plate-like molybdenum disulfide particles in the composition have a long axis sliding when the back metal layer coated with the composition passes through the roll gap. This is because it becomes easy to flow together with the organic solvent so as to face a direction parallel to the moving surface.
On the other hand, when the viscosity of the composition is 60000 mPa · s or more, the scaly molybdenum disulfide particles are difficult to flow in the coating step. It isotropically dispersed in the sliding layer of the sliding member. Specifically, when the viscosity of the composition is 60000 mPa · s or more, the scale-like molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer have an isotropic dispersion index (S2) of 0.85 to 1.15. . Furthermore, when the viscosity of the composition is 70000 mPa · s or more, the isotropic dispersion index is 0.9 to 1.1, and the strength of the sliding layer is further increased.
（６）乾燥・焼成工程
組成物を被覆した裏金層（あるいは、裏金層および多孔質多孔質金属層）は、組成物中の有機溶剤を乾燥させるための加熱、組成物中の樹脂を焼成するための加熱を施して摺動部材が得られる。これらの加熱条件は、使用した樹脂に対して一般に用いられる条件を採用できる。
(6) Drying / firing step The backing metal layer (or backing metal layer and porous porous metal layer) coated with the composition is heated to dry the organic solvent in the composition, and the resin in the composition is fired. For this reason, the sliding member is obtained. As these heating conditions, conditions generally used for the resin used can be adopted.
（７）測定
摺動部材の摺動面に垂直方向の断面を、電子顕微鏡を用いて電子像を２０００倍で複数個所、例えば任意の位置３個所を撮影し、二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径を測定した。具体的には、二硫化モリブデン粒子５の平均粒径は、得られた電子像を一般的な画像解析手法（解析ソフト：Ｉｍａｇｅ−Ｐｒｏ Ｐｌｕｓ（Ｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ４．５）；（株）プラネトロン製）を用いて、各二硫化モリブデン粒子の面積を測定し、それを円と想定した場合の平均直径に換算して求めた。
また、等方分散指数（Ｓ２）は、樹脂摺動部材の摺動面に垂直方向の断面を、電子顕微鏡を用いて電子像を２０００倍で複数か所、例えば任意の位置３か所を撮影し、摺動層中の二硫化モリブデン粒子の摺動面に対して平行方向の長さ（Ｘ１）と、摺動面に対して垂直方向の長さ（Ｙ１）を測定し、それら各長さの比（Ｘ１／Ｙ１）の平均値を算出して求めた（図２参照）。
(7) Measurement A cross section perpendicular to the sliding surface of the sliding member was taken using an electron microscope at a plurality of positions, for example, three arbitrary positions at 2000 times, and an average particle diameter of molybdenum disulfide particles. Was measured. Specifically, the average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles 5 is obtained by using a general image analysis method (analysis software: Image-Pro Plus (Version 4.5); manufactured by Planetron Co., Ltd.) for the obtained electronic image. Then, the area of each molybdenum disulfide particle was measured, and converted into an average diameter when it was assumed to be a circle.
In addition, the isotropic dispersion index (S2) is obtained by taking a cross section perpendicular to the sliding surface of the resin sliding member and taking an electronic image at a magnification of 2000 times at a plurality of positions, for example, at three arbitrary positions using an electron microscope. Then, the length (X1) in the direction parallel to the sliding surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles in the sliding layer and the length (Y1) in the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface are measured. The average value of the ratio (X1 / Y1) was calculated (see FIG. 2).
同様に、樹脂摺動部材の摺動面に垂直方向の断面を、電子顕微鏡を用いて電子像を２０００倍で複数か所、例えば任意の位置３か所を撮影し、二硫化モリブデン粒子のアスペクト比（Ｓ１）を測定し、平均値を算出した。二硫化モリブデン粒子のアスペクト比（Ｓ１）は、上記測定方法にて測定した二硫化モリブデン粒子の長軸の長さ（Ｌ）と短軸の長さ（Ｓ）（図２参照）の平均として求めた。なお、二硫化モリブデン粒子の長軸は電子像中の長さが最大である位置での長さであり、二硫化モリブデン粒子の短軸の長さ（Ｓ）は、長軸の長さ（Ｌ）の方向に直行する方向での長さが最大である位置での長さである。 Similarly, a cross section in the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface of the resin sliding member is taken with an electron microscope at a magnification of 2,000 times at a plurality of locations, for example, three arbitrary locations, and the aspect of the molybdenum disulfide particles is taken. The ratio (S1) was measured and the average value was calculated. The aspect ratio (S1) of the molybdenum disulfide particles is obtained as an average of the major axis length (L) and minor axis length (S) (see FIG. 2) of the molybdenum disulfide particles measured by the above measurement method. It was. The major axis of the molybdenum disulfide particles is the length at the position where the length in the electron image is maximum, and the minor axis length (S) of the molybdenum disulfide particles is the length of the major axis (L ) At the position where the length in the direction orthogonal to the direction is maximum.
なお、二硫化モリブデンの平均アスペクト比（Ｓ１）および等方分散指数（Ｓ２）の測定では、平均粒径が０．２μｍ以上である二硫化モリブデン粒子を測定対象とする。０．２μｍ未満の二硫化モリブデン粒子は、摺動時に摺動面からの脱落が起こったとしても、摺動特性への影響は小さい。
また、粒子の平均短軸長さ（平均厚み）においては、樹脂摺動部材の摺動面に垂直方向の断面を、電子顕微鏡を用いて電子像を２０００倍で複数個所、例えば任意の位置３か所を撮影し、粒子の短軸の平均長さ（Ｓ）（図２参照）を粒子の平均厚みとして求めた。
In the measurement of the average aspect ratio (S1) and the isotropic dispersion index (S2) of molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum disulfide particles having an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm or more are used as measurement objects. Molybdenum disulfide particles of less than 0.2 μm have a small effect on sliding characteristics even if they fall off the sliding surface during sliding.
Further, in terms of the average minor axis length (average thickness) of the particles, a cross section perpendicular to the sliding surface of the resin sliding member is used, and an electron image is used at a plurality of 2000 times using an electron microscope, for example, at arbitrary positions 3. The places were photographed, and the average length (S) of the minor axis of the particles (see FIG. 2) was determined as the average thickness of the particles.
本発明による裏金層および摺動層を有する摺動部材の実施例１〜１０、および比較例１１〜１８を以下に示すとおり作製した。実施例１〜１０および比較例１１〜１８の摺動部材の摺動層の組成は、表１に示すとおりである。 Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 11 to 18 of sliding members having a backing metal layer and a sliding layer according to the present invention were produced as shown below. The compositions of the sliding layers of the sliding members of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 11 to 18 are as shown in Table 1.
実施例１〜１０、比較例１１〜１８の原材料として用いた二硫化モリブデン粒子は、表１に示すとおりであり、平均粒径が０．２〜３０μｍ、平均短軸長さ（厚み）が０．０２μm以上である。 The molybdenum disulfide particles used as raw materials in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 11 to 18 are as shown in Table 1, the average particle diameter is 0.2 to 30 μm, and the average minor axis length (thickness) is 0. 0.02 μm or more.
実施例１〜１０および比較例１１〜１８の原材料である合成樹脂（ＰＡＩ、ＰＩ）粒子は、平均粒径が、表２に示す原材料である二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径に対して２００％であるものを用いた。
実施例７の原材料として用いた固体潤滑剤（ＰＴＦＥ、Ｇｒ）粒子は、平均粒径が原材料である二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径に対して２００％のものを用い、充填剤（ＣａＦ２）の粒子は、平均粒径が原材料である二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径に対して１５０％のものを用いた。
The synthetic resin (PAI, PI) particles that are the raw materials of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 11 to 18 have an average particle size of 200% with respect to the average particle size of the molybdenum disulfide particles that are the raw materials shown in Table 2. The thing which is is used.
The solid lubricant (PTFE, Gr) particles used as the raw material in Example 7 were those having an average particle diameter of 200% with respect to the average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles as the raw material, and the filler (CaF 2 ). The particles used were those having an average particle diameter of 150% with respect to the average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles as the raw material.
上記の原材料を用いて、表１に示す組成となるように、合成樹脂および二硫化モリブデン、（Ｎｏ．７については、さらに固体潤滑剤および充填剤）を有機溶剤で希釈し、表１の「粘度」欄に示す粘度の組成物を準備し、次に、ロールミルを用いて組成物の混合を行った。 Using the above-mentioned raw materials, a synthetic resin and molybdenum disulfide (for No. 7, solid lubricant and filler) are diluted with an organic solvent so that the composition shown in Table 1 is obtained. A composition having a viscosity shown in the “viscosity” column was prepared, and then the composition was mixed using a roll mill.
次に混合後の組成物をＦe合金製の裏金層の一方の表面に塗布したのち、ロールにて裏金層の一方の表面上に組成物が所定の厚さとなるように被覆した。なお、実施例１〜９及び比較例１１〜１８の裏金層はＦｅ合金を用い、実施例１０は表面にＣｕ合金の多孔質焼結部を有するＦｅ合金を用いた。 Next, the mixed composition was applied to one surface of the Fe alloy back metal layer, and then coated on the one surface of the back metal layer with a roll so that the composition had a predetermined thickness. In addition, the back metal layer of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 11-18 used Fe alloy, and Example 10 used Fe alloy which has a porous sintered part of Cu alloy on the surface.
次に、組成物中の溶剤を乾燥する加熱、組成物の合成樹脂の焼成する加熱を施して摺動部材を作製した。作製された実施例１〜１０および比較例１１〜１８の摺動部材の摺動層の厚さは０．３ｍｍであり、裏金層の厚さは１．７ｍｍであった。 Next, heating for drying the solvent in the composition and heating for baking the synthetic resin of the composition were performed to produce a sliding member. The thickness of the sliding layer of the manufactured sliding members of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 11 to 18 was 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the back metal layer was 1.7 mm.
作製された実施例の摺動部材は、上記に説明した測定方法により、摺動層中に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径および平均短軸長さの測定を行い、その結果をそれぞれ表１の「平均粒径」欄および「平均短軸長さ」欄に示した。
また、上記に説明した測定方法により、摺動層中に分散する二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均アスペクト比（Ｓ１）および等方分散指数（Ｓ２）の測定行い、その結果を表１の「アスペクト比（Ｓ１）」欄および「分散指数（Ｓ２）」欄に示した。
The manufactured sliding members of the examples were measured for the average particle diameter and average minor axis length of the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer by the measurement method described above, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. 1 in the “average particle size” column and the “average minor axis length” column.
Further, the average aspect ratio (S1) and the isotropic dispersion index (S2) of the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer were measured by the measurement method described above. S1) "column and" dispersion index (S2) "column.
各実施例および各比較例に対して、表２に示す条件で摺動試験を行った。各実施例および各比較例の摺動試験後の摺動層の摩耗量を表１の「摩耗量」欄に示す。また、各実施例および各比較例は、摺動試験後の摺動部材を摺動面に対して垂直方向に切断した複数箇所（例えば３箇所）の断面組織を、電子顕微鏡を用い倍率１０００倍で電子像を撮影し、撮影画像中の摺動面付近の二硫化モリブデン粒子の脱落の有無を目視で確認し評価した。その結果は、二硫化モリブデン粒子の脱落が確認された場合には「有」、脱落がなかった場合には「無」とし、表１の「脱落有無」欄に示した。 A sliding test was performed on each example and each comparative example under the conditions shown in Table 2. The amount of wear of the sliding layer after the sliding test of each example and each comparative example is shown in the “wear amount” column of Table 1. In each example and each comparative example, the cross-sectional structure of a plurality of places (for example, three places) obtained by cutting the sliding member after the sliding test in a direction perpendicular to the sliding surface is obtained using an electron microscope at a magnification of 1000 times. Then, an electronic image was taken, and the presence or absence of molybdenum disulfide particles near the sliding surface in the taken image was visually confirmed and evaluated. The result was “Yes” when the molybdenum disulfide particles were confirmed to be dropped, and “None” when the molybdenum disulfide particles were not dropped.
実施例１〜１０は、比較例１１〜１８に対して、摺動試験後の摺動層の摩耗量が少なく、また、摺動面からの二硫化モリブデン粒子の脱落はなかった。さらに、実施例１〜７は、二硫化モリブデン粒子５の等方分散指数（Ｓ２）が０．９０〜１．１０となり、特に、摩耗量が少なくなった。 In Examples 1 to 10, compared to Comparative Examples 11 to 18, the wear amount of the sliding layer after the sliding test was small, and molybdenum disulfide particles did not fall off from the sliding surface. Further, in Examples 1 to 7, the isotropic dispersion index (S2) of the molybdenum disulfide particles 5 was 0.90 to 1.10. Particularly, the amount of wear was reduced.
また、実施例８と実施例９を比較すると、二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均短軸長さが０．１μm以上である実施例８の方が、耐摩耗に優れた結果となった。これは、実施例８の平均短軸長さが、実施例９の平均短軸長さ０．０８μmに対してより厚いために、略垂直方向からの負荷に対しての変形抵抗が少なくなり、結果的に耐摩耗が優れたと考えられる。
また、同じ組成である実施例３と実施例１０を比較すると、実施例３の方が耐摩耗に優れた結果となった。これは、実施例３の等方分散指数（Ｓ２）が０．９５と、より等方的に分散しているために、耐摩耗性が優れていると考えられる。
Further, when Example 8 and Example 9 were compared, Example 8 in which the average minor axis length of the molybdenum disulfide particles was 0.1 μm or more resulted in superior wear resistance. This is because the average minor axis length of Example 8 is thicker than the average minor axis length of 0.08 μm of Example 9, so that the deformation resistance to a load from a substantially vertical direction is reduced. As a result, wear resistance is considered excellent.
Further, when Example 3 and Example 10 having the same composition were compared, Example 3 was superior in wear resistance. This is considered to be excellent in abrasion resistance because the isotropic dispersion index (S2) of Example 3 is 0.95, which is more isotropically dispersed.
比較例１１は、二硫化モリブデン粒子を含む組成物を有機溶剤で希釈する際に、従来技術の粘度である１５０００ｍＰａ・ｓとなるよう希釈した。そのため、分散指数（Ｓ２）が２．１５となり、摺動面に対して二硫化モリブデン粒子の主平面が略平行となった。このため比較例１１の摺動部材は、摺動試験において摺動層の表面に露出する二硫化モリブデン粒子が相手軸から略垂直方向からの負荷を受けると、垂直方向のせん断が生じて、厚さ方向に貫通する割れが生じることとなると考えられる。このせん断片は、摺動面と相手軸との間に侵入し、摺動面に傷をつける。また、これに伴い、摺動面の二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落して相手軸との摩擦抵抗が高くなり、摩耗が促進されたと考えられる。 In Comparative Example 11, when a composition containing molybdenum disulfide particles was diluted with an organic solvent, the composition was diluted to 15000 mPa · s, which is the viscosity of the prior art. Therefore, the dispersion index (S2) was 2.15, and the main plane of the molybdenum disulfide particles was substantially parallel to the sliding surface. Therefore, in the sliding member of Comparative Example 11, when the molybdenum disulfide particles exposed on the surface of the sliding layer in the sliding test are subjected to a load from the other axis in a substantially vertical direction, the vertical shear occurs, It is considered that a crack penetrating in the vertical direction is generated. This thread piece enters between the sliding surface and the mating shaft, and damages the sliding surface. Along with this, it is considered that the molybdenum disulfide particles on the sliding surface dropped off, and the frictional resistance with the counterpart shaft was increased, thereby promoting wear.
比較例１２は、二硫化モリブデン粒子を含む組成物を有機溶剤により、粘度が５００００ｍＰａ・ｓになるように希釈したため、分散指数（Ｓ２）が１．２３と摺動面に対して二硫化モリブデン粒子の主平面がやや平行となり、配向性をもつようになった。このため比較例１２の摺動部材は、摺動試験において摺動層の表面に露出する二硫化モリブデン粒子が相手軸から略垂直方向からの負荷を受けると、垂直方向のせん断が生じて、厚さ方向に貫通する割れが生じ、このせん断片が摺動面と相手軸との間に侵入し、摺動面に傷をつけたと考えられる。また、これに伴い、摺動面の二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落して相手軸との摩擦抵抗が高くなり、摩耗が促進されたと考えられる。 In Comparative Example 12, since the composition containing molybdenum disulfide particles was diluted with an organic solvent so that the viscosity became 50000 mPa · s, the dispersion index (S2) was 1.23 and the molybdenum disulfide particles with respect to the sliding surface. The main plane of the film became slightly parallel and has orientation. Therefore, in the sliding member of Comparative Example 12, when the molybdenum disulfide particles exposed on the surface of the sliding layer in the sliding test are subjected to a load from the other axis in a substantially vertical direction, vertical shear occurs, It is considered that a crack penetrating in the vertical direction was generated, and this thread fragment entered between the sliding surface and the mating shaft, and damaged the sliding surface. Along with this, it is considered that the molybdenum disulfide particles on the sliding surface dropped off, and the frictional resistance with the counterpart shaft was increased, thereby promoting wear.
比較例１３は、表１に示すように摺動層に含まれる二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径が０．２μｍ、かつ平均短軸長さが０．０２μｍと下限よりも小さいため、二硫化モリブデン粒子と合成樹脂との密着性が低下し、脱落が生じやすくなったために、摩耗が促進されたと考えられる。 In Comparative Example 13, as shown in Table 1, molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer had an average particle diameter of 0.2 μm and an average minor axis length of 0.02 μm, which is smaller than the lower limit. It is considered that wear was promoted because the adhesion between the particles and the synthetic resin was lowered and the drop was easily caused.
比較例１４は、表１に示すように摺動層に含まれる二硫化モリブデン粒子のアスペクト（Ｓ１）が１５と大きいために、等方的に分散しにくく、等方分散指数（Ｓ２）が１．２９と摺動面に対して二硫化モリブデン粒子の主平面が略平行となった。このため摺動層に表面に露出する二硫化モリブデン粒子が相手軸から略垂直方向からの負荷を受けると、垂直方向のせん断が生じて、厚さ方向に貫通する割れが生じ、このせん断片が摺動面と相手軸との間に侵入し、摺動面に傷をつけ、これに伴い摺動面の二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落して相手軸との摩擦抵抗が高くなり、摩耗が促進されたと考えられる。 In Comparative Example 14, as shown in Table 1, since the aspect (S1) of the molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer is as large as 15, it is difficult to disperse isotropically, and the isotropic dispersion index (S2) is 1. .29 and the main plane of the molybdenum disulfide particles became substantially parallel to the sliding surface. For this reason, when molybdenum disulfide particles exposed on the surface of the sliding layer are subjected to a load from the other axis in a substantially vertical direction, vertical shearing occurs, causing cracks to penetrate in the thickness direction. It penetrates between the sliding surface and the mating shaft, scratches the sliding surface, and the molybdenum disulfide particles on the sliding surface fall off, increasing the frictional resistance against the mating shaft and promoting wear. It is thought.
比較例１５は、表１に示すように摺動層に含まれる二硫化モリブデン粒子のアスペクト比（Ｓ１）が２．４と３未満であるために、二硫化モリブデン粒子の表面積が小さくなり、合成樹脂との二硫化モリブデン粒子の接触面積が小さくなることで、合成樹脂との密着性が小さくなるために、二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落しやすくなり、ひいては摩耗が促進されたと考えられる。 In Comparative Example 15, as shown in Table 1, since the aspect ratio (S1) of the molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer is 2.4 and less than 3, the surface area of the molybdenum disulfide particles is reduced, and the synthesis is performed. Since the contact area of the molybdenum disulfide particles with the resin is reduced, the adhesiveness with the synthetic resin is reduced, so that the molybdenum disulfide particles are likely to drop off and thus wear is promoted.
比較例１６は、表１に示すように摺動層に含まれる二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径が３０μmと上限よりも大きいために、相手軸からの負荷に対して割れやすくなったことにより、このせん断片が摺動面と相手軸との間に侵入し、摺動面に傷をつけ、これに伴い摺動面の二硫化モリブデン粒子が脱落して相手軸との摩擦抵抗が高くなり、摩耗が促進されたと考えられる。 In Comparative Example 16, since the average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer as shown in Table 1 is larger than the upper limit of 30 μm, it becomes easy to break against the load from the counterpart shaft. This thread piece penetrates between the sliding surface and the mating shaft, scratches the sliding surface, and the molybdenum disulfide particles on the sliding surface drop off along with this, increasing the frictional resistance with the mating shaft, It is thought that wear was promoted.
比較例１７は表１に示すように摺動層に含まれる二硫化モリブデン粒子の量が３体積％と少ないため、摺動層と相手軸表面との摩擦力を低くする効果が不十分となり、摺動層の摩耗量が多くなったと考えられる。
比較例１８は表１に示すように摺動層に含まれる二硫化モリブデン粒子の量が６０体積％と多いため、摺動層の強度が低くなり、摺動層の摩耗量が多くなったと考えられる。
In Comparative Example 17, the amount of molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer is as small as 3% by volume as shown in Table 1, so that the effect of reducing the frictional force between the sliding layer and the mating shaft surface becomes insufficient. It is considered that the wear amount of the sliding layer has increased.
In Comparative Example 18, as shown in Table 1, since the amount of molybdenum disulfide particles contained in the sliding layer is as large as 60% by volume, it is considered that the strength of the sliding layer was lowered and the wear amount of the sliding layer was increased. It is done.
１：摺動部材、 ２：裏金層、 ３：摺動層、 ４：合成樹脂、 ５：二硫化モリブデン粒子、 ６：多孔質金属層 1: sliding member, 2: backing metal layer, 3: sliding layer, 4: synthetic resin, 5: molybdenum disulfide particles, 6: porous metal layer
Claims (5)
前記摺動層は、合成樹脂と、該合成樹脂中に分散された二硫化モリブデン粒子とからなり、前記二硫化モリブデン粒子の体積の合計は、前記摺動層の５〜５０体積％を占め、前記二硫化モリブデン粒子の平均粒径は０．５〜１０μｍであり、
前記二硫化モリブデン粒子は、長軸と短軸との比の平均で表される平均アスペクト比が３〜１０であり、かつ前記摺動層中に分散する前記二硫化モリブデン粒子は、等方分散指数Ｓ２が、０．８５〜１．１５となっており、前記等方分散指数Ｓ２は、
Ｓ２＝Ｘ１／Ｙ１
により表され、
ここで、Ｘ１は、前記摺動層の摺動面に対して垂直方向の断面組織での、前記二硫化モリブデン粒子の前記摺動面に対して平行方向の長さであり、
Ｙ１は、前記摺動層の摺動面に対して垂直方向の断面組織での、前記二硫化モリブデン粒子の前記摺動面に対して垂直方向の長さである、摺動部材。 A sliding member comprising a backing metal layer and a sliding layer provided on the backing metal layer, the sliding layer comprising a synthetic resin and molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the synthetic resin, The total volume of the molybdenum disulfide particles occupies 5 to 50% by volume of the sliding layer, and the average particle diameter of the molybdenum disulfide particles is 0.5 to 10 μm.
The molybdenum disulfide particles have an average aspect ratio of 3 to 10 represented by the average ratio of the major axis to the minor axis, and the molybdenum disulfide particles dispersed in the sliding layer are isotropically dispersed. The index S2 is 0.85 to 1.15, and the isotropic dispersion index S2 is
S2 = X1 / Y1
Represented by
Here, X1 is a length in a direction parallel to the sliding surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles in a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the sliding surface of the sliding layer,
Y1 is a sliding member having a cross-sectional structure perpendicular to the sliding surface of the sliding layer and a length perpendicular to the sliding surface of the molybdenum disulfide particles.
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| KR102727544B1 (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2024-11-08 | 다이도 메탈 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Sliding absence |
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