JP2017104790A - Electric discharge crusher and electric discharge crushing method - Google Patents

Electric discharge crusher and electric discharge crushing method Download PDF

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JP2017104790A
JP2017104790A JP2015239511A JP2015239511A JP2017104790A JP 2017104790 A JP2017104790 A JP 2017104790A JP 2015239511 A JP2015239511 A JP 2015239511A JP 2015239511 A JP2015239511 A JP 2015239511A JP 2017104790 A JP2017104790 A JP 2017104790A
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discharge
bubbles
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crushed
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JP6339994B2 (en
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裕一 秦
Yuichi Hata
裕一 秦
省吾 内海
Shogo Uchiumi
省吾 内海
源一郎 松田
Genichiro Matsuda
源一郎 松田
中村　崇
Takashi Nakamura
崇 中村
明宇 孫
Mingyu Sun
明宇 孫
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Panasonic Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric discharge crusher which has high performance with reduced energy consumption, and an electric discharge crushing method.SOLUTION: An electric discharge crusher for crushing an object to be crushed, which is mounted on a processed product held by upper and lower electrodes, by use of pulse discharge comprises: a container 20 which can be filled by a liquid; an upper electrode 31 and a lower electrode 32 which are located in the liquid in the container 20; a pulse power source 40 which generates pulse discharge by applying a high voltage pulse between the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32; and an air bubble generator 50 which generates air bubbles in the liquid. An object 70 to be crushed is located on an underside of a processed product 60, and there are air bubbles in the liquid on the underside of the processed product 60.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、パルスパワー放電を用いて物品を破砕する放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法に関し、特に、使用済みの電気製品を破砕する放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a discharge crushing apparatus and a discharge crushing method for crushing articles using pulse power discharge, and more particularly to a discharge crushing apparatus and a discharge crushing method for crushing used electrical products.

使用済み家電製品などをリサイクルするためには多様な作業が必要である。解体では、多種多様な形態のビス止め部や半田付け部などを個別に分解する必要が有るため自動化が困難であり、作業者による手解体が主流となっている。手解体により、作業の柔軟性は確保されるものの、作業効率が低いため、多種多様な使用済み家電製品を自動的かつ効率的に解体する方法が求められている。   Various operations are required to recycle used home appliances. In dismantling, since it is necessary to disassemble a wide variety of screw fixing parts and soldering parts individually, it is difficult to automate, and manual dismantling by operators is the mainstream. Although the work flexibility is ensured by manual dismantling, the work efficiency is low, so a method for automatically and efficiently dismantling a wide variety of used home appliances is required.

特許文献１には、液体を満たした反応容器中に、バッテリー、ヒューズなどのセラミック部品、コンピュータ構成要素部品、コンデンサなどのリサイクル材料を静置し、液体中に設けた複数の電極ロッドと容器基板間でパルス放電を発生させることでプラスチック製の外装などを破砕する方法が記載されている。さらに、特許文献２には、パルス放電破砕において、放電前に電極間の液体中を気泡雰囲気とすることで、パルス放電により生じた放電衝撃破により気泡がキャビテーション崩壊を起こさせ、この崩壊に伴う水撃圧を生じさせることで高効率の破砕をする方法が記載されている。   Patent Document 1 discloses that a plurality of electrode rods and a container substrate provided in a liquid, in which a recycle material such as a ceramic component such as a battery or a fuse, a computer component part, or a capacitor is left in a reaction container filled with liquid. A method of crushing a plastic exterior by generating a pulse discharge between them is described. Further, in Patent Document 2, in pulse discharge crushing, the liquid between the electrodes is made into a bubble atmosphere before the discharge, so that the bubbles cause cavitation collapse due to the discharge shock break caused by the pulse discharge, and this is accompanied by the collapse. A method of highly efficient crushing by generating water hammer pressure is described.

特表２０１４−５３２５４８号公報Special table 2014-532548 gazette 特開平１０−５７８３２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-57832

しかしながら、放電経路や放電経路と処理物との間の液体中のうち、処理物から離れた位置に気泡が存在する場合、気泡のキャビテーション崩壊に伴う水撃圧により、高電圧パルス放電のエネルギーを消耗させてしまうという課題がある。   However, in the liquid between the discharge path and the discharge path and the processed object, when bubbles are present at a position away from the processed object, the energy of the high voltage pulse discharge is reduced by the water hammer pressure accompanying the collapse of the cavitation of the bubbles. There is a problem of exhaustion.

本発明は、このような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、エネルギーの消耗が少ない高効率な放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and provides a highly efficient discharge crushing apparatus and a discharge crushing method with less energy consumption.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の一態様に係る放電破砕装置は、パルス放電を用いて、上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕装置であって、
液体を保持する容器と、
前記容器内で、前記液体の中に配置される前記上電極及び前記下電極と、
前記上電極及び前記下電極間に高電圧パルスを印加することで、パルス放電を発生させるパルス電源と、
前記液体中で、前記被破砕物が下面に配置されるように前記上下電極間に保持された前記処理物の下面側に気泡を発生させる気泡発生装置とを備え、
前記パルス電源で前記上電極及び前記下電極間に高電圧パルスを印加するとき、前記処理物の下面側に気泡が存在することにより、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記被破砕物を破砕することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a discharge crushing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is a discharge crushing apparatus that crushes an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes using pulse discharge. And
A container for holding a liquid;
In the container, the upper electrode and the lower electrode disposed in the liquid,
A pulse power source for generating a pulse discharge by applying a high voltage pulse between the upper electrode and the lower electrode;
A bubble generating device for generating bubbles on the lower surface side of the processing object held between the upper and lower electrodes so that the object to be crushed is disposed on the lower surface in the liquid;
When a high voltage pulse is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode with the pulse power source, bubbles are present on the lower surface side of the object to be processed, so that the object to be crushed is generated by a shock wave caused by the collapse and extinction of bubbles generated by the discharge It is characterized by crushing things.

また、本発明の別の態様に係る放電破砕装置は、パルス放電を用いて、上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕装置であって、
液体を保持する容器と、
前記容器内で前記液体の中に配置される前記処理物に接続したアース電極と、
前記処理物を挟むように対向させて配置された一対の正電極と、
前記一対の正電極を交互にパルス放電させる放電回路とを備えて、
前記一対の正電極のうちの一方の正電極での放電後に、前記処理物の前記一方の正電極側に気泡を発生させて前記処理物の一方の正電極側に気泡が存在する状態で、前記放電回路で前記一対の正電極のうちの他方の正電極での放電を行い、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記被破砕物を破砕することを特徴とする。 Moreover, the discharge crushing apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention is a discharge crushing apparatus that crushes an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes using pulse discharge,
A container for holding a liquid;
A ground electrode connected to the treatment to be disposed in the liquid within the container;
A pair of positive electrodes arranged to face each other so as to sandwich the processed material;
A discharge circuit for alternately pulse-discharging the pair of positive electrodes,
After discharge at one positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, in a state where bubbles are generated on the one positive electrode side of the processed object and bubbles are present on the one positive electrode side of the processed object, The discharge circuit discharges at the other positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, and the object to be crushed is crushed by a shock wave generated by the collapse and extinction of bubbles generated by the discharge.

本発明の一態様に係る放電破砕方法は、パルス放電を用いて、液体中で上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕方法であって、
前記処理物の下面側に気泡が存在する状態で、前記液体中で上下電極間に高電圧パルス印加してパルス放電を発生させて、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記被破砕物を破砕することを特徴とする。 The discharge crushing method according to one aspect of the present invention is a discharge crushing method for crushing an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes in a liquid using pulse discharge,
In the state where bubbles exist on the lower surface side of the processed material, a pulse discharge is generated by applying a high voltage pulse between the upper and lower electrodes in the liquid, and the object to be crushed is generated by a shock wave due to the collapse and extinction of the bubbles generated by the discharge. It is characterized by crushing things.

本発明の別の態様に係る放電破砕方法は、液体中で正電極及びアース電極の電極間に高電圧パルスを印加してパルス放電を発生させて、前記パルス放電時に発生する衝撃波が伝播する範囲に配置された処理物の被破砕物を前記衝撃波により破砕する工程を含む、放電破砕方法であって、
前記アース電極を前記処理物に接触させ、前記正電極を、前記処理物を挟むように一対対向させて配置した状態で、前記高電圧パルスを印加するとき、
前記一対の正電極のうちの一方の正電極の放電により気泡を発生させ、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記処理物の一方の正電極側に配置された被破砕物を破砕するとともに、
前記一対の正電極のうちの他方の正電極の放電により気泡を発生させ、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記処理物の他方の正電極側に配置された被破砕物を破砕することを特徴とする。 In the discharge crushing method according to another aspect of the present invention, a high voltage pulse is applied between the positive electrode and the ground electrode in a liquid to generate a pulse discharge, and a shock wave generated during the pulse discharge propagates. A method of electric discharge crushing, including a step of crushing the object to be crushed by the shock wave,
When applying the high-voltage pulse in a state where the ground electrode is in contact with the object to be processed, and the positive electrode is disposed so as to be opposed to the object to be processed.
Bubbles are generated by the discharge of one positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, and the object to be crushed arranged on one positive electrode side of the processed object is crushed by a shock wave caused by the collapse and extinction of the bubbles generated by the discharge And
A bubble is generated by the discharge of the other positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, and the object to be crushed disposed on the other positive electrode side of the processed object is crushed by a shock wave generated by the collapse and extinction of the bubble generated by the discharge. It is characterized by doing.

本発明の前記態様は、リサイクル対象の物品、特に、使用済み家電製品を高効率に破砕することができる放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法を提供するものである。   The said aspect of this invention provides the electric discharge crushing apparatus and the electric discharge crushing method which can crush the articles | goods for recycling, especially used household appliances with high efficiency.

図１は、第１実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the first embodiment. 図２は、第２実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the second embodiment. 図３は、第３実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the third embodiment. 図４は、第４実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. 図５は、図４のＡ−Ａ’線における第４実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の部分断面図である。FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 4. 図６は、第５実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment.

［第１実施形態］
まず、第１実施形態に係る放電破砕装置１の構成及びその装置１を使用する放電破砕方法について、図１を用いて説明する。図１は、第１実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。 [First Embodiment]
First, the structure of the electric discharge crushing apparatus 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and the electric discharge crushing method using the apparatus 1 are demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the first embodiment.

放電破砕装置１は、パルス放電を用いて、上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕装置であって、図１に示すように、水１０を満たした容器２０と、液体中に配置された上電極３１及び下電極３２と、上電極３１に高電圧パルスを印加するパルス電源４０と、気泡８０が混入した水流（以下、気泡水流という）を発生させる気泡発生装置５０とを備える。上電極３１は、パルス電源４０とリード線３３ａと接続され、下電極３２は、リード線３３ｂを介して接地されている。上電極３１と下電極３２は、処理物６０を挟んで対向している。処理物６０は、上電極３１と下電極３２との間に（図示しない）支持手段により支持されており、処理物６０の下面には、被破砕物７０が搭載されている。よって、被破砕物７０は、パルス放電時に発生する衝撃波が伝播する範囲に配置されている。気泡発生装置５０は、容器２０の底面側から処理物６０の下面に向けられて配置された流入管で構成される流入経路１２ａと接続されており、気泡含有液体を流入経路１２ａから処理物６０の下方より噴出する。処理物６０の下方には、処理物６０の下面側から容器２０の底面側に向けて配置された流出管でそれぞれ構成される流出経路１３ａ、１３ｂが設けられており、流出経路１３ａ、１３ｂと接続された液体吸引装置の一例としてのポンプ５１により容器２０から水１０を吸引して排出する。   The discharge crushing apparatus 1 is a discharge crushing apparatus that crushes an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes using pulse discharge, and is filled with water 10 as shown in FIG. The container 20, the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32 disposed in the liquid, the pulse power source 40 that applies a high voltage pulse to the upper electrode 31, and the water flow mixed with the bubbles 80 (hereinafter referred to as bubble water flow) are generated. A bubble generating device 50. The upper electrode 31 is connected to the pulse power supply 40 and the lead wire 33a, and the lower electrode 32 is grounded via the lead wire 33b. The upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32 are opposed to each other with the processing object 60 interposed therebetween. The processed object 60 is supported by support means (not shown) between the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32, and an object to be crushed 70 is mounted on the lower surface of the processed object 60. Therefore, the to-be-crushed object 70 is arrange | positioned in the range which the shock wave which generate | occur | produces at the time of pulse discharge propagates. The bubble generating device 50 is connected to an inflow path 12a configured by an inflow pipe arranged from the bottom surface side of the container 20 toward the lower surface of the processed object 60, and the bubble-containing liquid is supplied from the inflow path 12a to the processed object 60. Erupts from below. Below the processed material 60, there are provided outflow paths 13 a and 13 b each composed of an outflow pipe disposed from the lower surface side of the processed material 60 toward the bottom surface side of the container 20. The water 10 is sucked and discharged from the container 20 by a pump 51 as an example of a connected liquid suction device.

パルス電源４０は、５００ｋＶまでの電圧を印加できて、パルス幅３μｓｅｃのとき、最大３０ｋＡの放電電流が可能であればよく、マルクス発生器を用いることができる。好ましい放電条件は、物品の種類やサイズにより異なるが、パルス幅は１〜９μｓｅｃが好ましく、放電電流値は１０〜３０ｋＡが好ましい。放電を発生させる回数（パルス回数）は１回〜１００回が好ましい。１００回を超えると処理時間が長くなり工数的に不利になる。パルス周波数は特に規定しないが、通常は１〜５Ｈｚである。   The pulse power source 40 can apply a voltage of up to 500 kV, and it can be a discharge current of 30 kA at the maximum when the pulse width is 3 μsec, and a Marx generator can be used. Although preferable discharge conditions vary depending on the type and size of the article, the pulse width is preferably 1 to 9 μsec, and the discharge current value is preferably 10 to 30 kA. The number of times of generating discharge (number of pulses) is preferably 1 to 100 times. If it exceeds 100 times, the processing time becomes longer, which is disadvantageous in terms of man-hours. The pulse frequency is not particularly specified, but is usually 1 to 5 Hz.

気泡発生装置５０は、直径３ｍｍ以下の気泡を発生させることができるものであれば特に限定されない。気泡発生装置５０の例としては、気液混合ノズル型の気液混合装置であっても、気体を液体中で攪拌して混合することで気泡含有液体を発生させる気液２相流旋回型であっても、気体を加圧して液体中に溶解させる加圧溶解型であっても構わない。   The bubble generating device 50 is not particularly limited as long as it can generate bubbles having a diameter of 3 mm or less. As an example of the bubble generating device 50, even a gas-liquid mixing nozzle type gas-liquid mixing device is a gas-liquid two-phase flow swirl type that generates a bubble-containing liquid by stirring and mixing gas in the liquid. Even if it exists, you may pressurize and melt | dissolve in a liquid by pressurizing gas.

第１実施形態では上電極３１と下電極３２は、それぞれ、先端を円錐形状としている。下電極３２としては、多様な形態が適用できる。下電極３２としては、図１のような円錐形状以外に、平板状、網状、格子状、渦巻き状などであってもよい。   In the first embodiment, the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32 each have a conical tip. Various forms can be applied as the lower electrode 32. The lower electrode 32 may have a plate shape, a net shape, a lattice shape, a spiral shape, or the like other than the conical shape as shown in FIG.

処理物６０としては、特に特定されないが、放電による衝撃波の効果を全体に均等に及ぼすためには、薄型の物品が好ましい。例えば、携帯電話、ゲーム機、又は、薄型テレビなどの電気製品に使用されている回路基板などが挙げられる。また、処理物６０の下面に搭載された被破砕物７０としては、ＩＣチップ又はチップ部品など回路基板に半田付けされた電子部品が挙げられる。   Although it does not specify in particular as the processed material 60, in order to exert the effect of the shock wave by discharge equally on the whole, a thin article is preferable. For example, a circuit board used for an electric product such as a mobile phone, a game machine, or a flat-screen TV can be used. Examples of the object 70 to be crushed mounted on the lower surface of the processed object 60 include an electronic component soldered to a circuit board such as an IC chip or a chip component.

次に、上記構成の放電破砕装置１における作用及び効果について説明する。   Next, the operation and effect of the discharge crushing apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described.

気泡発生装置５０を作動させて、気泡含有液体を容器２０の下部に配置した流入経路１２ａから処理物６０の下面の略中央に向けて噴出させる。下面の略中央に噴出された気泡含有液体は処理物６０に衝突し、処理物６０の下面の略中央から各端面方向（図１では左右方向）に向かって放射状に流れる。一方、容器２０の下部（例えば、端面近傍の下方）には排出経路１３ａ及び１３ｂが設けられているので、処理物６０の各端面方向に流れた気泡含有液体は、排出経路１３ａ及び１３ｂからの排出機能により容器２０の下部方向に流れる。これにより、気泡が処理物６０の上面側に回り込むことが抑制され、その結果として、処理物６０の上面側には気泡がほとんどなく、処理物６０の下面側に気泡が存在することになる。   The bubble generating device 50 is operated to cause the bubble-containing liquid to be ejected from the inflow path 12a disposed at the lower portion of the container 20 toward the approximate center of the lower surface of the processed object 60. The bubble-containing liquid ejected to the approximate center of the lower surface collides with the processing object 60 and flows radially from the approximate center of the lower surface of the processing object 60 toward each end face direction (left and right direction in FIG. 1). On the other hand, since the discharge paths 13a and 13b are provided in the lower part of the container 20 (for example, below the vicinity of the end face), the bubble-containing liquid that has flowed in the direction of each end face of the processed product 60 is discharged from the discharge paths 13a and 13b. It flows in the lower direction of the container 20 by the discharge function. As a result, the bubbles are suppressed from flowing to the upper surface side of the processed object 60, and as a result, there are almost no air bubbles on the upper surface side of the processed object 60 and there are bubbles on the lower surface side of the processed object 60.

この状態でパルス電源４０を駆動させる。パルス電源４０で発生した高電圧パルスは、上電極３１と下電極３２との間に印加される。放電は、上電極３１と下電極３２間に生じる。そうすると、上電極３１と下電極３２との間に処理物６０が配置されているので、放電は、処理物６０の上面から下面に回り込むような沿面放電となる。この沿面放電により生じた衝撃波は、処理物６０の下面において気泡８０にエネルギーを与える。そうすると、気泡８０が膨張し、内部圧力が水圧より小さくなると、膨張が止まり収縮を始める。収縮すると内部圧力が高まり、最終的には崩壊消滅する。この気泡８０が、崩壊消滅する瞬間に、バブルパルスと呼ばれる急峻な圧力波（以下、バブル衝撃波という。）が発生する。これにより、沿面放電により生じた衝撃波とバブル衝撃波とが重畳して、処理物６０の下面に搭載した被破砕物７０を効率良く破砕することができる。ここで、放電破砕装置１は、気泡発生装置５０で生成した気体含有液体を処理物６０の上面側に回り込まない構成にしているため、上電極３１と処理物６０との間に存在する気泡８０が少ない。したがって、放電によるエネルギーが処理物６０に到達する前に、気泡８０を膨張させるためのエネルギーとして消費されることが少ない。よって、より効率的な放電破砕が可能となる。例えば、衝撃波のみにより直接、被破砕物７０を破砕する場合、２５０ｋＶ程度の高電圧パルスが必要であったが、本発明の実施形態においてバブル衝撃波を利用することで１００ｋＶ程度の高電圧パルスで済み、パルス電源４０の小型化が図れるので、低コスト、高効率な破砕処理をすることができる。   In this state, the pulse power supply 40 is driven. A high voltage pulse generated by the pulse power supply 40 is applied between the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32. Discharge occurs between the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32. Then, since the treatment object 60 is disposed between the upper electrode 31 and the lower electrode 32, the discharge is a creeping discharge that goes around from the upper surface to the lower surface of the treatment object 60. The shock wave generated by the creeping discharge gives energy to the bubble 80 on the lower surface of the processed object 60. Then, when the bubble 80 expands and the internal pressure becomes smaller than the water pressure, the expansion stops and starts to contract. When contracted, the internal pressure increases and eventually collapses. At the moment when the bubble 80 collapses and disappears, a steep pressure wave called a bubble pulse (hereinafter referred to as a bubble shock wave) is generated. Thereby, the shock wave generated by the creeping discharge and the bubble shock wave are superimposed, and the object 70 to be crushed mounted on the lower surface of the processed object 60 can be efficiently crushed. Here, since the electric discharge crushing apparatus 1 is configured so that the gas-containing liquid generated by the bubble generating apparatus 50 does not go around to the upper surface side of the processed object 60, the bubbles 80 existing between the upper electrode 31 and the processed object 60. Less is. Therefore, before the energy due to the discharge reaches the workpiece 60, it is less consumed as energy for expanding the bubbles 80. Therefore, more efficient electric discharge crushing becomes possible. For example, when crushing the material 70 to be crushed directly only by a shock wave, a high voltage pulse of about 250 kV is required, but in the embodiment of the present invention, a high voltage pulse of about 100 kV is sufficient by using a bubble shock wave. Since the pulse power supply 40 can be miniaturized, a low-cost and highly efficient crushing process can be performed.

ここで、気泡８０の直径は、５０μｍ〜３ｍｍが好ましく、１００μｍ〜１ｍｍが最も好ましい。気泡の直径がこの範囲内であれば、放電による衝撃波が気泡８０を効率良く膨張させることができる。   Here, the diameter of the bubble 80 is preferably 50 μm to 3 mm, and most preferably 100 μm to 1 mm. If the diameter of the bubble is within this range, the shock wave caused by the discharge can efficiently expand the bubble 80.

気泡発生装置５０による気泡の発生量は、処理物６０の下面で、１立方センチメートル当たり１００個〜１００００個に制御することが好ましい。この範囲内にすることで、放電による衝撃波とバブル衝撃波との重畳による破砕力を最も高めることができる。一方、処理物６０の上面側での気泡の発生量は、できる限り少なければよく、５０μｍ以上の気泡が全く存在しないことが好ましい。   The amount of bubbles generated by the bubble generating device 50 is preferably controlled to 100 to 10000 per cubic centimeter on the lower surface of the processed object 60. By setting it within this range, the crushing force by superimposing the shock wave caused by the discharge and the bubble shock wave can be maximized. On the other hand, the amount of bubbles generated on the upper surface side of the processed object 60 should be as small as possible, and it is preferable that no bubbles of 50 μm or more exist at all.

第１実施形態では、下面の略中央に気泡含有液体を噴出させているが、下面全体に均一に気泡が拡散するのであれば、中央付近に噴出させることには限定されない。   In the first embodiment, the bubble-containing liquid is ejected substantially at the center of the lower surface, but is not limited to ejecting near the center as long as the bubbles diffuse uniformly over the entire lower surface.

容器２０の水位を一定に維持するため、排出経路１３ａ及び１３ｂからの液体排出量は、流入経路１２ａからの気泡含有液体の流入量と同等の容量の液体を排出することができる。   In order to keep the water level of the container 20 constant, the liquid discharge amount from the discharge passages 13a and 13b can discharge a liquid having a capacity equivalent to the inflow amount of the bubble-containing liquid from the inflow passage 12a.

ここで、処理物６０の下面とは、処理物６０の下面の表面から７．５ｍｍ下方までの範囲であればよい。この範囲内の気泡の存在量を処理物の上面側（例えば、処理物６０の表面から上側の正電極の下端までの範囲）よりも大きくすることにより、衝撃波とバブル衝撃波との重畳が効果的となる。   Here, the lower surface of the processed object 60 may be in a range from the surface of the lower surface of the processed object 60 to 7.5 mm below. By making the amount of bubbles in this range larger than the upper surface side of the processed object (for example, the range from the surface of the processed object 60 to the lower end of the upper positive electrode), the superposition of the shock wave and the bubble shock wave is effective. It becomes.

したがって、気泡含有液体を容器２０内に導入する流入経路１２ａの先端部、すなわち、気泡含有液体の導入口は、処理物６０の下面表面から７．５〜１５０ｍｍ下方の位置に設置することが好ましい。   Therefore, it is preferable that the front end portion of the inflow path 12 a for introducing the bubble-containing liquid into the container 20, that is, the introduction port for the bubble-containing liquid, is installed at a position 7.5 to 150 mm below the lower surface of the processed material 60. .

また、流入経路１２ａからの気泡含有液体の流入速度は、１秒当たり１００〜１５００ｃｍ３であることが好ましい。 The inflow speed of the bubble-containing liquid from the inflow path 12a is preferably 100 to 1500 cm 3 per second.

本発明の第１実施形態にかかる放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法によれば、リサイクル対象の物品、特に、使用済み家電製品を高効率に破砕することができる。なお、以下の各実施形態においても、少なくとも、このような作用効果は奏することができる。
［第２実施形態］
次に、第２実施形態に係る放電破砕装置２の構成及びその装置２を使用する放電破砕方法について、図２を用いて説明する。図２は、第２実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。第２実施形態の放電破砕装置２は、第１実施形態の放電破砕装置１にさらに液体流入経路１４を備えている。放電破砕装置１と同一の要素には同一の符号を付している。また、第１実施形態における気泡形成の条件は第２実施形態でも同様に適応される。 According to the electric discharge crushing apparatus and the electric discharge crushing method concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention, the articles | goods for recycling, especially used household appliances can be crushed with high efficiency. In the following embodiments, at least such effects can be obtained.
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the structure of the electric discharge crushing apparatus 2 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment, and the electric discharge crushing method using the apparatus 2 are demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the second embodiment. The electric discharge crushing apparatus 2 of 2nd Embodiment is further provided with the liquid inflow path 14 in the electric discharge crushing apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment. The same elements as those in the electric discharge crusher 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The bubble formation conditions in the first embodiment are similarly applied to the second embodiment.

図２に示すように、本第２実施形態における放電破砕装置２には、容器２０の上部に、下向きに差し込まれた液体流入管で構成される液体流入経路１４が設けられている。気泡を含まない水１０は、送液装置の一例としてのポンプ５２から送液され、容器２０の水１０の中に配置された液体流入経路１４の吐出口から噴出し、処理物６０の上面の大略中央部分に衝突する。処理物６０の上面の大略中央部分に衝突した水１０は、処理物６０の各端面方向に向かって放射状に流れる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge crushing apparatus 2 in the second embodiment is provided with a liquid inflow path 14 formed of a liquid inflow pipe inserted downward in the upper part of the container 20. The water 10 not containing bubbles is fed from a pump 52 as an example of a liquid feeding device, ejected from the discharge port of the liquid inflow path 14 disposed in the water 10 of the container 20, and on the upper surface of the processing object 60. Collides with roughly the center part. The water 10 that has collided with the substantially central portion of the upper surface of the processed object 60 flows radially toward each end face direction of the processed object 60.

次に、上記構成の放電破砕装置２における作用及び効果について説明する。   Next, the operation and effect of the discharge crushing apparatus 2 having the above configuration will be described.

放電によるエネルギーが、処理物６０に到達する前に気泡８０を膨張させるエネルギーに消費されないようにするためには、上電極３１と処理物６０の上面との間に気泡８０が存在しないことが重要である。液体流入経路１４の吐出口から噴出した気泡を含まない水１０は、処理物６０の各端面方向に向かって放射状に流れるので、処理物６０の各端面付近からの気泡８０の処理物６０の上面側への回り込みを抑制することができる。また、処理物６０が回路基板の場合、回路基板の上面と下面とを貫通する孔、例えばスルーホールなどが形成されていることが有る。貫通孔が有る回路基板の場合には、気泡８０は、この貫通孔を通過して処理物６０の上面側に浮上することがある。そこで、第２実施形態の放電破砕装置２では、気泡を含まない水１０を液体流入経路１４の吐出口から噴出し、処理物６０の上面に衝突させている。この構成により、噴出された水１０の水圧によって気泡８０が処理物６０の貫通孔を通過することを防止することができ、さらに、貫通孔を通過した気泡が存在したとしても、そのような気泡を上面側から排除することができる。   It is important that the bubbles 80 do not exist between the upper electrode 31 and the upper surface of the processed object 60 so that the energy generated by the discharge is not consumed by the energy for expanding the bubbles 80 before reaching the processed object 60. It is. Since the water 10 that does not include bubbles ejected from the discharge port of the liquid inflow path 14 flows radially toward each end face direction of the treatment object 60, the upper surface of the treatment object 60 of the bubbles 80 from the vicinity of each end face of the treatment object 60. The wraparound to the side can be suppressed. Further, when the processed object 60 is a circuit board, a hole penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the circuit board, for example, a through hole may be formed. In the case of a circuit board having a through hole, the bubbles 80 may pass through the through hole and float on the upper surface side of the processed object 60. Therefore, in the electric discharge crushing device 2 of the second embodiment, the water 10 not containing bubbles is ejected from the discharge port of the liquid inflow path 14 and collides with the upper surface of the processed object 60. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the bubbles 80 from passing through the through-holes of the processed object 60 due to the water pressure of the jetted water 10, and even if there are bubbles that have passed through the through-holes, such bubbles Can be excluded from the upper surface side.

放電破砕装置２からの、気泡を含む水及び気泡を含まない水の排出は流出経路１３ａ、１３ｂを通じて行う。このとき、気泡の発生量が、処理物６０の下面で、１立方センチメートル当たり１００個〜１００００個になるよう制御することが好ましい。
［第３実施形態］
次に、第３実施形態に係る放電破砕装置３の構成及びその装置３を使用する放電破砕方法について、図３を用いて説明する。図３は、第３実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。第３実施形態の放電破砕装置３は第１実施形態の放電破砕装置１と同じ構成要素を備えており、放電破砕装置１と異なる点は流入経路及び排出経路の配置である。放電破砕装置１と同一の要素には同一の符号を付している。また、第１実施形態における気泡形成の条件は第３実施形態でも同様に適応される。 The discharge crushing apparatus 2 discharges water containing bubbles and water not containing bubbles through the outflow paths 13a and 13b. At this time, it is preferable to control the generation amount of bubbles to be 100 to 10,000 per cubic centimeter on the lower surface of the processed object 60.
[Third Embodiment]
Next, the structure of the electric discharge crushing apparatus 3 which concerns on 3rd Embodiment, and the electric discharge crushing method using the apparatus 3 are demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the third embodiment. The electric discharge crushing apparatus 3 of 3rd Embodiment is provided with the same component as the electric discharge crushing apparatus 1 of 1st Embodiment, and a different point from the electric discharge crushing apparatus 1 is arrangement | positioning of an inflow path and a discharge path. The same elements as those in the electric discharge crusher 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The bubble formation conditions in the first embodiment are similarly applied in the third embodiment.

図３に示すように、本第３実施形態における放電破砕装置３には、容器２０の側面に流入経路１２ｂと排出経路１３ｃとが設けられている。流入経路１２ｂには気泡発生装置５０が接続され、排出経路１３ｃには液体吸引装置の一例としてのポンプ５１が接続されている。また、流入経路１２ｂと排出経路１３ｃとは、処理物６０の下方に略同軸上に配置され、流入経路１２ｂから噴出された気泡含有液体が処理物６０の下面側に沿って流れ、排出経路１３ｃから容器２０の外部へ排出される。   As shown in FIG. 3, the discharge crushing apparatus 3 in the third embodiment is provided with an inflow path 12 b and a discharge path 13 c on the side surface of the container 20. A bubble generating device 50 is connected to the inflow path 12b, and a pump 51 as an example of a liquid suction device is connected to the discharge path 13c. Further, the inflow path 12b and the discharge path 13c are arranged substantially coaxially below the processed object 60, and the bubble-containing liquid ejected from the inflow path 12b flows along the lower surface side of the processed object 60, and the discharge path 13c. To the outside of the container 20.

このように第３実施形態によれば、気泡８０は、処理物６０の下面側に沿って流れるので、処理物６０の上面への回り込みを抑制することができる。
［第４実施形態］
次に、第４実施形態に係る放電破砕装置４の構成及びその装置４を使用する放電破砕方法について、図４及び図５を用いて説明する。図４は、第４実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図であり、図５は、図４のＡ−Ａ’線における放電破砕装置４の部分断面図である。なお、本第４実施形態ではチャンネル９０を除いて、第３実施形態とすべて同様の構成である。また、第１実施形態における気泡形成の条件は第４実施形態でも同様に適応される。 Thus, according to 3rd Embodiment, since the bubble 80 flows along the lower surface side of the processed material 60, wraparound to the upper surface of the processed material 60 can be suppressed.
[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, the structure of the electric discharge crushing apparatus 4 which concerns on 4th Embodiment, and the electric discharge crushing method using the apparatus 4 are demonstrated using FIG.4 and FIG.5. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the electric discharge crushing apparatus 4 taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. In the fourth embodiment, the configuration is the same as that of the third embodiment except for the channel 90. The bubble formation conditions in the first embodiment are similarly applied in the fourth embodiment.

図４に示すように本第４実施形態の放電破砕装置４には、処理物６０の下面にチャンネル９０が設けられている。図５に示すように、チャンネル９０は、上方が開放された略コの字形状の断面を有しているとともに、チャンネル９０の長さは、気泡８０が流れる方向において、処理物６０よりも短くなっている。処理物６０の下面がチャンネル９０の開口部を覆うように処理物６０を保持することで、処理物６０の下面に搭載された被破砕物７０は、チャンネル９０内に配置される。これにより、気泡８０は、処理物６０の下面とチャンネル９０とに囲まれた空間を流れることになるので、気泡８０が処理物６０の上面へ回り込むことを抑制することができる。なお、チャンネル９０の材料としては、電気絶縁性の材料が好ましい。電気絶縁性の材料として、例えば、プラスチックが挙げられる。電気絶縁性の材料が好ましい理由は、チャンネル９０が導電性の材料であると、上電極３１とチャンネル９０との間で放電が起こるので、沿面放電が処理物６０の下面を流れる放電の距離が短くなり、処理物６０の下面全体に放電による衝撃波が発生しにくくなるからである。   As shown in FIG. 4, in the electric discharge crusher 4 of the fourth embodiment, a channel 90 is provided on the lower surface of the processed object 60. As shown in FIG. 5, the channel 90 has a substantially U-shaped cross-section with the upper part opened, and the length of the channel 90 is shorter than that of the processing object 60 in the direction in which the bubbles 80 flow. It has become. By holding the processed object 60 so that the lower surface of the processed object 60 covers the opening of the channel 90, the object 70 to be crushed mounted on the lower surface of the processed object 60 is disposed in the channel 90. Thereby, since the bubble 80 flows through the space surrounded by the lower surface of the processing object 60 and the channel 90, it is possible to suppress the bubble 80 from entering the upper surface of the processing object 60. Note that the material of the channel 90 is preferably an electrically insulating material. Examples of the electrically insulating material include plastic. The reason why the electrically insulating material is preferable is that when the channel 90 is a conductive material, a discharge occurs between the upper electrode 31 and the channel 90, and therefore, the distance of the discharge that the creeping discharge flows on the lower surface of the workpiece 60 is small This is because the shock wave due to the discharge is less likely to be generated on the entire lower surface of the processed product 60.

チャンネル９０内の底面と処理物６０の下面との間の距離は、４０〜２００ｍｍにすることが好ましい。この範囲とすることで、装置の大型化を伴うことなく、衝撃波とバブル衝撃波との重畳が効果的に生じる。
［第５実施形態］
次に、第５実施形態に係る放電破砕装置５の構成及びその装置５を使用する放電破砕方法について、図６を用いて説明する。 The distance between the bottom surface in the channel 90 and the lower surface of the processed object 60 is preferably 40 to 200 mm. By setting it as this range, the superposition of the shock wave and the bubble shock wave effectively occurs without enlarging the apparatus.
[Fifth Embodiment]
Next, the structure of the electric discharge crushing apparatus 5 which concerns on 5th Embodiment, and the electric discharge crushing method using the apparatus 5 are demonstrated using FIG.

図６は、第５実施形態に係る放電破砕装置の構成を示す図である。第５実施形態の放電破砕装置５は、処理物６０を液体中に保持し、アース電極１０１を処理物６０に接触するように設けられており、処理物６０の別々の面に間隔をあけて対向する一対の正電極１００a及び正電極１００ｂが設けられている。また、放電破砕装置５は、正電極１００ａ及び１００ｂを交互にパルス放電させる放電回路５３を有する。処理物６０の上面及び下面には、被破砕物７０ａ，７０ｂがそれぞれ搭載されている。   FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the electric discharge crushing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. The electric discharge crushing apparatus 5 of the fifth embodiment is provided so that the processed object 60 is held in a liquid and the ground electrode 101 is in contact with the processed object 60, and a separate surface of the processed object 60 is spaced apart. A pair of opposing positive electrodes 100a and 100b is provided. Further, the discharge crushing device 5 includes a discharge circuit 53 that alternately discharges the positive electrodes 100a and 100b. Objects to be crushed 70a and 70b are mounted on the upper and lower surfaces of the processed object 60, respectively.

放電後に気泡が発生するため、正電極１００ａ及び１００ｂを交互に放電させることにより、処理物６０の反対側で、直前の放電によって生成されたバブルを利用して破砕力を強めることができる。   Since bubbles are generated after the discharge, by alternately discharging the positive electrodes 100a and 100b, the crushing force can be increased on the opposite side of the workpiece 60 by using the bubbles generated by the immediately preceding discharge.

また、放電した瞬間に発生する衝撃波によって気泡が崩壊するため、放電しようとしている電極に対して処理物６０の反対側で発生させた直前の放電によって、放電する電極側のバブルが崩壊・消滅するため、放電経路に気泡が無い状態を維持でき、電流の減衰を抑制できる。   In addition, since the bubbles collapse due to the shock wave generated at the moment of discharge, the bubbles on the electrode side to be discharged collapse / disappear due to the discharge immediately before being generated on the opposite side of the workpiece 60 with respect to the electrode to be discharged. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a state where there are no bubbles in the discharge path, and it is possible to suppress current attenuation.

このことにより、放電による気泡の発生により処理物６０の被破砕物の存在する一方の面側に気泡が存在し、もう一方の面側（放電側）にはほとんど気泡が無い状態にすることができて、放電経路に気泡が無い状態を維持できる。   As a result, bubbles are generated on one surface side where the object to be crushed exists due to generation of bubbles due to discharge, and there is almost no bubbles on the other surface side (discharge side). It is possible to maintain a state where there are no bubbles in the discharge path.

また、放電波形は、放電電流ピーク値が１０ｋA以上とすることで、例えば電子基板から電子部品の剥離などができるようになるため、好ましい。   Further, the discharge waveform is preferably set to a discharge current peak value of 10 kA or more because, for example, the electronic component can be peeled off from the electronic substrate.

また、処理物６０に対して、正極１００ａ，１００ｂが上下で挟むように位置する場合、上側に位置する正電極１００ａの放電から下側に位置する正電極１００ｂの放電までの時間は、処理物６０の上面に存在する気泡が、破壊に寄与する範囲を超えて上昇してしまう前までの時間とすることが好ましい。その時間は、放電によって大きくとも３ｍｍ以下の気泡が多く発生し、その浮力に加えて放電によって起きる水流などから、その上昇速度は速くて１００ｍｍ／秒程度になり、なおかつ破壊エネルギーを強めるのは泡径の２倍程度の範囲だと想定されるため、計算により下側の正電極１００ｂの放電は上側の正電極１００ａの放電の後の０．０５秒後以下が好ましい。この場合、下側の正電極１００ｂが放電した後、上側の正電極１００ａの放電までの時間は、発生した気泡が処理物６０の表面に滞留するため、前記泡の上昇速度を考慮する必要がないため、特に重要ではない。   In addition, when the positive electrodes 100a and 100b are positioned so as to be sandwiched with respect to the processed object 60, the time from the discharge of the positive electrode 100a positioned on the upper side to the discharge of the positive electrode 100b positioned on the lower side is the processed object. It is preferable to set the time until the bubble existing on the upper surface of 60 rises beyond the range contributing to destruction. During that time, many bubbles of 3 mm or less at most are generated by the discharge, and the rising speed is about 100 mm / second due to the water flow generated by the discharge in addition to the buoyancy, and the destruction energy is strengthened by bubbles. Since it is assumed that it is in the range of about twice the diameter, the discharge of the lower positive electrode 100b is preferably less than 0.05 seconds after the discharge of the upper positive electrode 100a by calculation. In this case, since the generated bubbles stay on the surface of the workpiece 60 after the discharge of the lower positive electrode 100b until the discharge of the upper positive electrode 100a, it is necessary to consider the rising speed of the bubbles. Not particularly important because there is no.

よって、第５実施形態によれば、例えば、まず、放電回路５３により、一方の正電極、例えば、上側の正電極１００ａでパルス放電させる。その後、パルス放電後に、処理物６０の上側の正電極側すなわち上面側に気泡が発生する。   Therefore, according to the fifth embodiment, for example, the discharge circuit 53 first performs pulse discharge on one positive electrode, for example, the upper positive electrode 100a. Thereafter, after the pulse discharge, bubbles are generated on the upper electrode side, that is, the upper surface side of the workpiece 60.

その後、他方の正電極、例えば、下側の正電極１００ｂでパルス放電させる。このとき、上側の正電極１００ａでのパルス放電後に処理物６０の上面側に発生した気泡を利用して、気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により、処理物６０の上面側の被破砕物７０ａを破砕する。   Thereafter, pulse discharge is performed at the other positive electrode, for example, the lower positive electrode 100b. At this time, using the bubbles generated on the upper surface side of the processed object 60 after the pulse discharge at the upper positive electrode 100a, the object to be crushed 70a on the upper surface side of the processed object 60 is crushed by the shock wave caused by the collapse and disappearance of the bubbles. .

その後、下側の正電極１００ｂでのパルス放電後に、処理物６０の下側の正電極側すなわち下面側に気泡が発生する。   Thereafter, after the pulse discharge at the lower positive electrode 100b, bubbles are generated on the lower positive electrode side, that is, the lower surface side of the workpiece 60.

その後、上側の正電極１００ａでパルス放電させる。このとき、下側の正電極１００ｂでのパルス放電後に処理物６０の下面側に発生した気泡を利用して、気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により、処理物６０の下面側の被破砕物７０ｂを破砕する。   Thereafter, pulse discharge is performed at the upper positive electrode 100a. At this time, using the bubbles generated on the lower surface side of the processed object 60 after the pulse discharge at the lower positive electrode 100b, the object 70b on the lower surface side of the processed object 60 is crushed by the shock wave due to the collapse and disappearance of the bubbles. To do.

このように、一対の正電極１００ａ及び１００ｂを交互にパルス放電させて気泡をそれぞれ発生させ、発生した気泡を利用して、気泡発生側とは反対側でパルス放電を発生させ、気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により、処理物６０の被破砕物７０ａ及び７０ｂを破砕することができる。   In this manner, a pair of positive electrodes 100a and 100b are alternately pulse-discharged to generate bubbles, and the generated bubbles are used to generate a pulse discharge on the side opposite to the bubble generation side, so that the bubbles collapse and disappear. The object 70a and 70b to be processed 60 can be crushed by the shock wave.

よって、この第５実施形態では、気泡発生装置兼パルス放電装置を、一対の正電極１００ａ，１００ｂとアース電極１０１と放電回路５３とで構成していることになる。   Therefore, in the fifth embodiment, the bubble generating device / pulse discharge device is constituted by a pair of positive electrodes 100 a and 100 b, the ground electrode 101 and the discharge circuit 53.

なお、前記様々な実施形態又は変形例のうちの任意の実施形態又は変形例を適宜組み合わせることにより、それぞれの有する効果を奏するようにすることができる。また、実施形態同士の組み合わせ又は実施例同士の組み合わせ又は実施形態と実施例との組み合わせが可能であると共に、異なる実施形態又は実施例の中の特徴同士の組み合わせも可能である。   In addition, it can be made to show the effect which each has by combining arbitrary embodiment or modification of the said various embodiment or modification suitably. In addition, combinations of the embodiments, combinations of the examples, or combinations of the embodiments and examples are possible, and combinations of features in different embodiments or examples are also possible.

本発明の前記態様にかかる放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法は、リサイクル対象の物品、特に、使用済み家電製品を高効率に破砕することができる放電破砕装置及び放電破砕方法として有用である。   The discharge crushing apparatus and the discharge crushing method according to the aspect of the present invention are useful as a discharge crushing apparatus and a discharge crushing method that can crush articles to be recycled, in particular, used home appliances with high efficiency.

１、２、３、４、５ 放電破砕装置
１０ 水
１２ａ、１２ｂ 流入経路
１３ａ、１３ｂ、１３ｃ 排出経路
１４ 液体流入経路
２０ 容器
３１ 上電極
３２ 下電極
３３ａ、３３ｂ リード線
４０ パルス電源
５０ 気泡発生装置
５１ ポンプ
５３ 放電回路
６０ 処理物
７０ 被破砕物
８０ 気泡
９０ チャンネル
１００a,１００ｂ 正電極
１０１ アース電極 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Discharge crusher 10 Water 12a, 12b Inflow path 13a, 13b, 13c Discharge path 14 Liquid inflow path 20 Container 31 Upper electrode 32 Lower electrode 33a, 33b Lead wire 40 Pulse power supply 50 Bubble generator 50 51 Pump 53 Discharge circuit 60 Processed object 70 Object to be crushed 80 Bubble 90 Channel 100a, 100b Positive electrode 101 Ground electrode

Claims (10)

パルス放電を用いて、上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕装置であって、
液体を保持する容器と、
前記容器内で、前記液体の中に配置される前記上電極及び前記下電極と、
前記上電極及び前記下電極間に高電圧パルスを印加することで、パルス放電を発生させるパルス電源と、
前記液体中で、前記被破砕物が下面に配置されるように前記上下電極間に保持された前記処理物の下面側に気泡を発生させる気泡発生装置とを備え、
前記パルス電源で前記上電極及び前記下電極間に高電圧パルスを印加するとき、前記処理物の下面側に気泡が存在することにより、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記被破砕物を破砕する、放電破砕装置。 A discharge crushing device for crushing an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes using pulse discharge,
A container for holding a liquid;
In the container, the upper electrode and the lower electrode disposed in the liquid,
A pulse power source for generating a pulse discharge by applying a high voltage pulse between the upper electrode and the lower electrode;
A bubble generating device for generating bubbles on the lower surface side of the processing object held between the upper and lower electrodes so that the object to be crushed is disposed on the lower surface in the liquid;
When a high voltage pulse is applied between the upper electrode and the lower electrode with the pulse power source, bubbles are present on the lower surface side of the object to be processed, so that the object to be crushed is generated by a shock wave caused by the collapse and extinction of bubbles generated by the discharge An electric discharge crusher that crushes things. 前記気泡発生装置は、気泡を含有した液体を前記処理物の下面側から流入させるポンプである請求項１に記載の放電破砕装置。   The discharge crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bubble generating device is a pump that allows a liquid containing bubbles to flow from a lower surface side of the processed object. 前記処理物に衝突した気泡を含有した液体を、前記処理物の下面側から吸引する液体吸引装置をさらに備える請求項１又は２に記載の放電破砕装置。   The discharge crushing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid suction device that sucks a liquid containing bubbles colliding with the processed material from a lower surface side of the processed material. 前記気泡発生装置は、前記気泡を含有した液体を、前記処理物の下面側に沿って流入させるポンプである請求項１に記載の放電破砕装置。   The discharge crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bubble generation device is a pump that causes the liquid containing the bubbles to flow along a lower surface side of the processed object. 気泡を含まない液体を、前記処理物の上面から流入し、前記処理物に衝突させる送液装置をさらに備える請求項１から４のいずれか１項に記載の放電破砕装置。   The electric discharge crushing apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 4 further equipped with the liquid feeding apparatus which flows in the liquid which does not contain a bubble from the upper surface of the said processed material, and collides with the said processed material. 前記液体が水である、請求項１から５のいずれか１項に記載の放電破砕装置。   The electric discharge crushing apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 5 whose said liquid is water. 前記処理物が回路基板であることを特徴とする請求項１から６のいずれか１項に記載の放電破砕装置。   The discharge crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the processed product is a circuit board. パルス放電を用いて、上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕装置であって、
液体を保持する容器と、
前記容器内で前記液体の中に配置される前記処理物に接続したアース電極と、
前記処理物を挟むように対向させて配置された一対の正電極と、
前記一対の正電極を交互にパルス放電させる放電回路とを備えて、
前記一対の正電極のうちの一方の正電極での放電後に、前記処理物の前記一方の正電極側に気泡を発生させて前記処理物の一方の正電極側に気泡が存在する状態で、前記放電回路で前記一対の正電極のうちの他方の正電極での放電を行い、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記被破砕物を破砕する、放電破砕装置。 A discharge crushing device for crushing an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes using pulse discharge,
A container for holding a liquid;
A ground electrode connected to the treatment to be disposed in the liquid within the container;
A pair of positive electrodes arranged to face each other so as to sandwich the processed material;
A discharge circuit for alternately pulse-discharging the pair of positive electrodes,
After discharge at one positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, in a state where bubbles are generated on the one positive electrode side of the processed object and bubbles are present on the one positive electrode side of the processed object, A discharge crushing device that discharges at the other positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes in the discharge circuit and crushes the object to be crushed by a shock wave generated by the collapse and extinction of bubbles generated by the discharge. パルス放電を用いて、液体中で上下電極間に保持された処理物に搭載された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕方法であって、
前記処理物の下面側に気泡が存在する状態で、前記液体中で上下電極間に高電圧パルス印加してパルス放電を発生させて、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕方法。 A discharge crushing method for crushing an object to be crushed mounted on a processed object held between upper and lower electrodes in a liquid using pulse discharge,
In the state where bubbles exist on the lower surface side of the processed material, a pulse discharge is generated by applying a high voltage pulse between the upper and lower electrodes in the liquid, and the object to be crushed is generated by a shock wave due to the collapse and extinction of the bubbles generated by the discharge. Electric discharge crushing method to crush things. 液体中で正電極及びアース電極の電極間に高電圧パルスを印加してパルス放電を発生させて、前記パルス放電時に発生する衝撃波が伝播する範囲に配置された処理物の被破砕物を前記衝撃波により破砕する工程を含む、放電破砕方法であって、
前記アース電極を前記処理物に接触させ、前記正電極を、前記処理物を挟むように一対対向させて配置した状態で、前記高電圧パルスを印加するとき、
前記一対の正電極のうちの一方の正電極の放電により気泡を発生させ、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記処理物の一方の正電極側に配置された被破砕物を破砕するとともに、
前記一対の正電極のうちの他方の正電極の放電により気泡を発生させ、前記放電で生じた気泡の崩壊消滅による衝撃波により前記処理物の他方の正電極側に配置された被破砕物を破砕する放電破砕方法。 A high voltage pulse is applied between the positive electrode and the ground electrode in the liquid to generate a pulse discharge, and the object to be crushed is disposed in a range in which the shock wave generated during the pulse discharge propagates. An electric discharge crushing method including a step of crushing by
When applying the high-voltage pulse in a state where the ground electrode is in contact with the object to be processed, and the positive electrode is disposed so as to be opposed to the object to be processed.
Bubbles are generated by the discharge of one positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, and the object to be crushed arranged on one positive electrode side of the processed object is crushed by a shock wave caused by the collapse and extinction of the bubbles generated by the discharge And
A bubble is generated by the discharge of the other positive electrode of the pair of positive electrodes, and the object to be crushed disposed on the other positive electrode side of the processed object is crushed by a shock wave generated by the collapse and extinction of the bubble generated by the discharge. Electric discharge crushing method.
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