JP2017090844A - Piano, action of piano, and hammer head of hammer for action of piano - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a hammer head from moving out of an intended flat surface when a hammer is going to a string.SOLUTION: A hammer head 35 includes: a hammer wood 34; a hammer felt 36; and a hammer shank 33. The part of the hammer wood 34 which is behind the part connected to the hammer shank 33 forms the shape of a wing, which becomes narrower backward, in a planar view.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a hammer head included in a hammer for a piano action.

The piano has a large number of strings, and has a structure for sounding by striking each string. As it is widely known, it is called action.
In the piano action, when the performer presses a piano key, the movement of the key is transmitted to the hammerhead. When the performer presses a piano key, the movement is transmitted to the hammerhead, which moves toward the string and eventually strikes the string. As a result, the piano pronounces. The piano action has been improved for various purposes in the long history, but the principle of the pronunciation of the piano that the hammerhead pronounces when hitting the strings has not changed in the long history of the piano.
The piano is arranged side by side by the number of scales that a number of strings can be played on the piano. A key, a hammer head, and an action connecting them are associated with each string in order to strike each string, and as many as the strings are provided side by side on the piano.

The piano action hammer included in the piano action is often made of three members. The three members are a hammer shank, hammerwood, and hammer felt.
Of these, the hammer shank and the hammer wood are made of a material having a certain degree of rigidity, and may be made of resin, metal or the like depending on the case, but are generally made of wood. On the other hand, the hammer felt is made of a flexible material, and may be made of rubber or the like depending on the case, but is generally made of felt as can be seen from its name. However, the hammer felt may be composed of a plurality of layers using a plurality of types of materials.
Of these, a combination of hammerwood and hammer felt is defined as a hammerhead in this application. FIG. 10 shows a typical hammer head included in an action in a conventional upright piano.

The hammer shank is a rod-like body for supporting the hammer wood 34. In many cases, the hammer shank is a rod-like body having a circular cross section, but the cross sectional shape is not limited thereto. The hammer shank has a hammer wood 34 fixed to the distal end side thereof, and the proximal end side thereof is rotatably supported by an appropriate member in the action. For example, in the case of an upright piano, the hammer shank is usually fixed to a rotatable bat and rotated with the bat. As the hammer shank performs a rotational movement about its proximal end, the hammerwood 34 advances toward the string and retracts away from the string.
The hammer wood 34 is a member for fixing the hammer felt 36 to the front end side (string striking side). The hammer wood 34 is a rod-shaped body having a predetermined length, and in many cases, the hammer wood 34 is fixed to the tip of the hammer shank so that the longitudinal direction thereof is substantially orthogonal to the hammer shank. In many cases, the position where the hammer wood 34 is fixed to the hammer shank is near the rear end. The hammer wood 34 is usually a rectangular parallelepiped having a rectangular cross section (or square) in a certain range on the rear end side. The front end side of the hammerwood 34 has a tapered shape whose thickness in the vertical direction becomes smaller as it approaches the front end. The width of the hammerwood 34 is the same throughout its length, and the front end side of the hammerwood 34 is configured such that its thickness decreases as it approaches the tip, but the width does not change. It is normal. In particular, in the case of an upright piano, the hammer shank is substantially vertically or obliquely (when viewed from the side of the hammerwood 34) on the bottom surface of the rear end portion of the hammerwood 34 having a rectangular cross section. May be attached at an angle that is substantially vertical, but not substantially vertical when viewed from the front or rear of the hammerwood 34). On the other hand, in the case of a grand piano, the hammer shank is attached substantially vertically to the bottom surface of the hammerwood 34. In any case, in the present application, a portion to which the hammer shank is attached is defined as “lower (side)” or “bottom surface” of the hammerwood 34.
The hammer felt 36 is configured to cover the top and bottom of the front end side of the hammerwood 34 including a portion configured to reduce the thickness of the hammerwood 34 with a width equal to the width of the hammerwood 34.
As described above, the width of the hammerwood 34 is normally constant in all parts along its length. The width of the hammer head 35 constituted by the hammer wood 34 and the hammer felt 36 is a constant width defined by the width of the hammer head 34. That is, the width of the hammer felt 36 attached to the hammer head 34 is the same as the width of the hammer wood 34. The hammer head 35 needs to be given a width that allows a predetermined string to be struck from among a large number of strings arranged side by side at a narrow interval. It is necessary to have a narrow width so as not to strike other adjacent strings. The hammer head 35 is configured to satisfy such a condition.

  The piano hammer is configured as described above. Further, the configuration of the piano hammer is the same whether the piano is an upright piano or a grand piano.

The piano hammers as described above are widely used, and are considered to be sufficient as functions for causing the piano to sound. In fact, there are about five patent-related patent applications that have been published by the Japanese Patent Office in the past five years, and the name of the invention includes the word “hammer”.
In other words, it is generally considered that there is little room for improvement in piano hammers.

However, according to the research of the present inventors, there are still points to be improved in the piano hammer. It is as follows.
The inventor of the present application tried to photograph a piano hammer at an extremely high speed. Then, I was able to know a phenomenon that was not known about hammer movement. The hammer and the hammerhead 35, which are pivotally supported by the proximal shaft and believed to perform a rotational movement to advance or retreat in a plane, are actually displaced from the plane, especially on the strings. It is a new finding that the inventor of the present application has that, when going forward, it may go to the strings while meandering.
Hammer's striking against the strings is exactly about the pronunciation of the piano. Whether or not the string can be hit at the center of the width direction of the hammer is strongly related to the quality of the piano. And of course, the hammer meandering towards the strings means that the piano may sound bad. For example, in a piano string, several thin strings (for example, three) arranged side by side are treated as a single string, and those several strings are collectively beaten with a single hammer. However, in such strings, if the hammer deviates laterally from its original trajectory, it may occur that not all of the several strings can be hit evenly when the hammer reaches the string.

  This invention makes it the subject to enable it to advance so that a hammer head may not remove | deviate from the predetermined plane when a hammer goes to a string.

According to the idea of the present inventor, the hammerhead meanders for the following reason.
When the hammer head advances toward the string, air turbulence occurs around the rear end of the hammerwood. The hammerhead will meander due to the force of this turbulence, which is likely to occur randomly. The speed at which the hammerhead of a piano advances toward a string advances at a considerable speed. When the rear end surface 34X, which is a plane perpendicular to the traveling direction, is present at the rear end of the hammerwood in the hammerhead that travels at a considerably high speed, there are three planes (for example, the rear surface, the upper surface, and the side surface) at each vertex of the plane. ) Will gather, so it is quite possible that turbulence will occur around it.
If this turbulent flow is the cause of the hammerhead meander and the generation of the turbulent flow described above can be eliminated, the hammerhead can perform a circular motion closer to the ideal trajectory in a plane, and the piano's Applicants thought the sound would be better.
From the above viewpoint, the present invention described below has been made.

The present inventor proposes the following invention.
The present invention is a hammerwood for a piano. The piano referred to in the present application may be a grand piano or an upright piano.
The hammerwood has a rear end plane which is a plane perpendicular to the length direction at the rear end thereof, or even if there is a rear end plane, the hammerwood is connected to the hammer shank. The cross-sectional area is smaller than the cross-section orthogonal to the length direction, and when the hammerwood advances toward the string, turbulence due to air hardly occurs around the rear end.
In such a hammerwood, the rear end plane that causes turbulence does not exist or is small, so the occurrence of the turbulence described above that occurs when the hammerwood or the hammerhead including it advances toward the string. It becomes possible to suppress. Therefore, a hammer head using this hammer wood has the effect of being able to perform a circular motion that is closer to the ideal trajectory within a certain plane and to improve the sound of the piano.
For example, the rear end side of a conventional hammerwood has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The turbulent flow is suppressed even by simply rounding the four corners of the rear end plane, that is, the rear end plane.
It should be noted that the shape of the front portion of the hammerwood of the present invention, particularly the upper and lower portions thereof covered with the hammer felt, can follow the shape of a conventional hammerwood.

The hammerwood of the present invention has a width that is equal to or smaller than the width of the immediately preceding hammerwood at a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank as it approaches the rear end. As it approaches the edge, the thickness may be the same as or smaller than the thickness of the hammerwood just before.
The width of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank is the same as or smaller than the width immediately before that, the width of the hammerwood becomes wider or narrower in the predetermined portion. That is, when the hammerwood is viewed in plan, it does not have a shape that undulates in its width direction. The fact that the thickness of a predetermined part closer to the rear end than the part connected to the hammer shank is the same as or smaller than the thickness immediately before that, the thickness of the hammerwood becomes thicker or thinner at that predetermined part. That is, when the hammerwood is viewed from the side, it does not have a shape that undulates in the thickness direction. In the width direction and in the thickness direction, the presence of undulating irregularities as described above on the surface of the hammerwood causes turbulence.
By eliminating such irregularities, the hammer head including the hammerwood of the present invention can perform a circular motion closer to the ideal trajectory in a certain plane, and improve the sound of the piano. This has the effect of being able to do better.

The hammer wood of the present invention may be configured such that the width in a plan view of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank becomes smaller as it approaches the rear end. . Thereby, the above-mentioned effect of the present invention is more emphasized.
When the width in a plan view of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank is designed to become smaller as it approaches the rear end, the width in a plan view is In the portion that becomes smaller as it approaches the rear end, the ratio of the width becoming smaller as it approaches the rear end may be increased. By making the shape when the hammerwood is viewed in plan so as to become sharper toward the rear end, the above-described effect of the present invention is further emphasized.

In the hammerwood of the present invention, the shape in a plan view of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank is axisymmetric with respect to a virtual center line running in the length direction. It doesn't matter.
By making the predetermined part near the rear end of the hammerwood symmetrical, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of turbulent flow around the rear end of the hammerwood.

In the hammer wood of the present invention, both side surfaces of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank may be smooth curved surfaces.
By giving such a shape to the hammerwood, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of turbulent flow around the rear end of the hammerwood.

The hammer wood according to the present invention has a thickness as viewed from the side of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank, and the thickness decreases as the rear end is approached. Good.
The thickness closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank of the hammerwood may be constant, but the thickness when viewed from the side of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank. However, the effect of the present invention described above is more emphasized by making it smaller as it approaches the rear end.
When the thickness of the predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank in a side view is reduced as it approaches the rear end, it is connected to the hammer shank of the hammerwood. The upper surface of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion may be a smooth curved surface.
By giving such a shape to the hammerwood, it is possible to further suppress the occurrence of turbulent flow around the rear end of the hammerwood.

The inventor of the present application proposes the following hammer head, hammer, action, and piano as one aspect of the present invention as the same effect as the above-described hammerwood.
The hammer head as an example includes any one of the above-described hammer woods of the present invention, and a hammer felt that covers a predetermined part closer to the front end than a part connected to the hammer shank of the hammer wood. The hammerhead of the piano.
An example of the hammer is the hammerwood according to the present invention described above, a hammer felt covering a predetermined portion of the hammerwood closer to the front end than the portion connected to the hammer shank, and the hammerwood. A hammer of a piano, comprising:
As an example of the action, as at least one of the hammers, any one of the above-described hammerwoods of the present invention and a hammer that covers a predetermined part of the hammerwood closer to the front end than the part connected to the hammer shank. A piano action having a piano hammer comprising a felt and a hammer shank connected to the hammerwood.
As an example of the piano, as at least one of the hammers, the hammer wood according to any one of the inventions described above and a hammer that covers a predetermined portion of the hammer wood closer to the front end than the portion connected to the hammer shank. A piano including an action having a piano hammer comprising a felt and a hammer shank connected to the hammerwood.
In the above-mentioned action and piano, at least one of the hammerwoods included in them may be any hammerwood of the present invention described above, but all of the hammerwoods included in them are described above. Any hammerwood of the invention may be used, and that is preferred.

The perspective view of the upright piano in one Embodiment of this invention. The side view which shows the action contained in the upright piano shown in FIG. The side view which shows the action contained in the upright piano shown in FIG. The perspective view which expands and shows the part of the hammer head of the action contained in the upright piano shown in FIG. The perspective view seen from the angle different from FIG. 4 (A) which expands and shows the part of the hammer head of the action contained in the upright piano shown in FIG. The (A) top view which shows the structure of the hammer contained in the action of the upright piano shown in FIG. 1, (B) Side view, (C) Back view. The (A) top view which shows the structure of the hammer contained in the action of the upright piano of the modification 1, (B) Side view, (C) Back view. The (A) top view which shows the structure of the hammer contained in the action of the upright piano of the modification 2, (B) Side view, (C) Back view. The (A) top view which shows the structure of the hammer contained in the action of the upright piano of the modification 3, (B) Side view, (C) Back view. The (A) top view which shows the structure of the hammer contained in the action of the upright piano of the modification 4, (B) Side view, (C) Back view. The perspective view which expands and shows the part of the hammer head in the action of the conventional upright piano.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

In this embodiment, the configuration of an upright piano will be described as a piano.
However, the upright piano in this embodiment has the same configuration as the conventional upright piano except for the configuration of the hammerwood.
Therefore, the configuration of the upright piano need not be described except for the configuration of the hammerwood, but the overall configuration of the upright piano will be described.
Further, the hammerwood of the upright piano described below can be used as the hammerwood of the grand piano as it is. The description of the configuration of the grand piano is omitted.

Hereinafter, the structure of the upright piano which is one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. In the following description, “clockwise” or “counterclockwise” refers to clockwise or counterclockwise in FIGS. 2 to 3.
Further, in the description of this embodiment, the concept before and after is assumed to follow the front and back of the performer's head facing the upright piano.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overview of an upright piano. In this figure, a so-called front panel which is a decorative board for concealing the action of the upright piano is removed.
As is well known, an upright piano has a number of keys 1 arranged side by side.
The upright piano has a large number of strings 90. The number of keys 1 and strings 90 is the same. Many strings 90 are stretched diagonally in order to earn the length. A predetermined number of strings 90 on the left side are stretched downward to the right in FIG. 1, and the remaining strings 90 on the right side are stretched to the left in FIG. The lower right string 90 and the lower left string 90 intersect with each other below, and the lower right string 90 is located on the near side in FIG. Such a method of stretching the strings 90 is called a crossed string and is extremely ordinary.
In the figure, 32 is a hammer. The number of hammers 32 is the same as the number of keys 1 and strings 90, and they are arranged side by side.
The hammer 32, the key 1, and the string 90 arranged in order from the left are associated with each other in the same order from the left. For example, when the leftmost key 1 is pressed, the leftmost hammer 32 strikes the leftmost string 90, and when the second key 1 is pressed from the left, the second hammer 32 from the left is the second from the left. Like hitting the string 90.

  2 to 3 show action 7 of the upright piano. In each of these drawings, only one set of the key 1 and the string 90 and the action 7 (the hammer 32 is included in the action) for connecting them are illustrated.

The center portion of the key 1 is rotatably supported by a balance pin (not shown) erected on the collar 3. The description of the key 1 is omitted in FIG. 2 etc. When the performer pushes the omitted rear end located outside the right side in FIG. 2 etc., the front end located on the left side in FIG. However, the entire key 1 is lifted by a seesaw motion with the balance pin as an axis.
Brackets (not shown) are formed on the left and right ends of the flange 3, respectively. A center rail 4 is bridged and fixed between the left and right brackets.
An action 7 is formed above the front end of the key 1. Action 7 has whippen 8, jack 18, bat 25, and hammer 32 as central members for striking string 90.

The whippen 8 is a member extending in the front-rear direction of the upright piano, and when the front end of the key 1 is lifted, the whole is lifted. The jack 18 is a substantially L-shaped member in a side view, and moves upward together with the whippen 8 when it is lifted. A push-up portion, which will be described later, at the upper end of the wippen 8 pushes a push-up portion, which will be described later, of the bat 25 from below, so that the bat 25 is rotated. The fact that the hammer 32 whose end is fixed rotates is the essential point of the rotation of the hammer 32.
Details will be described below.

On the lower side of the center rail 4 described above, a whippen frenzy 10 is provided. The wippen 8 is pivotally supported by the wippen frenzy 10 at a predetermined portion near the front end thereof. A spoon 9 is erected on the front end of the wippen 8.
The whippen 8 has a heel 11 on the lower side of the rear side of the whippen frenzy 10 and a jack frenzy 12 on the upper side thereof. The jack frenzy 12 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the wippen 8 and to connect the wippen 8 and the jack 18. The heel 11 of the whippen 8 is placed on the front end portion of the key 1 via a capstan button 2 fixed to the front end of the key 1. Thereby, when the key 1 is lifted, the whippen 8 is lifted via the capstan button 2.
A back check wire 14 is erected at the rear end portion of the wippen 8, and a back check 15 is attached to the tip thereof.
Further, a bridle wire 71 is erected on the rear end portion of the wippen 8. Between the bridle wire 71 and a catcher, which will be described later, for example, a bridle tape 72 that is a string or a belt is stretched in a slightly slack state in the initial state.

The jack 18 has a jack tail 19 projecting rearward and a push-up portion 20 extending upward from the front end of the jack tail 19, so that the jack tail 19 and the push-up portion 20 form a substantially L shape in a side view. Has been. The jack 18 is pivotally fixed to the jack flange 12 at a corner portion formed by the jack tail 19 and the push-up portion 20. A jack spring 13 is provided between the rear end portion of the jack tail 19 and the rear portion of the whippen 8 with respect to the jack flange 12 with the upper end and the lower end thereof connected thereto.
The jack spring 13 is a spring that applies a force that rotates counterclockwise to the jack 18 by urging the jack tail 19 upward, and is usually a coil spring.

  A regulating button 47 is provided above the jack tail 19 of the jack 18. The regulating button 47 is supported at the tip of a regulating screw 49 that is screwed into the regulating rail 48. The regulating rail 48 is a long member extending over the entire length in the width direction of the upright piano. The regulating rail 48 is fixedly attached to the center rail 4 by a fork screw 50.

  Behind the push-up portion 20 of the jack 18 is a jack stop rail 53 that is a long member extending over the entire length of the upright piano in the width direction. The jack stop rail 53 is fixedly attached to the center rail 4 by a jack stop rail screw 54. The jack stop rail 53 stops the rotation of the jack 18 by receiving the push-up portion 20 of the jack 18 that rotates clockwise when the wippen 8 moves up.

The hammer 32 is for hitting the string 90. The configuration of the hammer 32 may be the same as that of the conventional hammer 32 except for the configuration of the hammer wood 34, which is the case in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the hammer 32 is made of wood except for the hammer felt 36. Although the configuration of the hammer 32, particularly the hammer wood 34, will be described in detail later, the configuration of the hammer 32 will be briefly described below.
The hammer 32 has a hammer shank 33, a hammer wood 34, and a hammer felt 36. The hammer wood 34 is a member that extends forward from the upper end of the hammer shank 33. The hammer felt 36 is a member that directly strikes the string 90 and is attached to the hammer wood 34 so as to straddle the top and bottom of the front end of the hammer wood 34. A combination of the hammer wood 34 and the hammer felt 36 is a hammer head 35.

In this embodiment, the base end of the hammer shank 33 that is a rod-shaped body having a circular cross section is connected to the bat 25. The bat 25 is rotatably supported by a butt flange 26 provided at the upper rear side of the center rail 4 at a lower portion of the front side surface. As a result, the bat 25 can rotate, and the hammer 32 including the hammer shank 33 connected to the bat 25 can also rotate. The bat 25 has a pushed-up portion 27 on its lower surface. The pushed-up portion 27 is a portion that is pushed up from the lower side by the upper end of the raised portion 20 of the jack 18 when the jack 18 moves upward. The butt 25 is rotated counterclockwise by being pushed up by the raised portion 20 of the jack 18 so that the hammer head 35 of the rotating hammer 32 strikes the string 90. ing.
A leather skin 75 is affixed to the raised portion 27 of the bat 25. A catcher 29 is attached to the upper part of the rear side surface of the bat 25 via a catcher shank 28. The catcher 29 stops rotation of the bat 25 in combination with the back check 15 described above. When the bat 25 is in the initial position, the catcher 29 is away from the back check 15 and the bat 25 is pushed up by the jack 18 and rotates counterclockwise. At the same time, the rear end of the wippen 8 rotates counterclockwise. The catcher 29 is caught by the back check 15. Thereafter, when the whole of the wippen 8 descends while rotating clockwise, the catcher 29 caught by the back check 15 quickly rotates away from the back check 15 and rotates again when the rear end of the wippen 8 is lowered while rotating clockwise. It has become possible. A leather skin 76, for example, is also attached to a portion of the rear side surface of the bat 25 below the base of the catcher shank 28. That is, in the bat 25, the skin 76 is pasted on the surface on the rear side and the upper side of the pushed-up portion 27. The rear end of the skin 75 and the lower end of the skin 76 are continuous. As a result, the skin 75 and the skin 76 are integrated.
A butt spring 25 </ b> A is provided on the front surface of the butt 25. The butt spring 25A is a spring for constantly applying a clockwise force to the bat 25. When the hammer 32 rotates toward the string 90 by the force from the butt spring 25A, the bat 25 rotated counterclockwise together with the hammer 32 quickly returns to the original position.

Action 7 also includes a damper 39. The damper 39 is a mechanism for stopping the vibration of the string 90.
The damper 39 includes a damper lever 40, a damper wire 43, and a damper head 44.
The damper lever 40 is pivotally fixed to a damper flange 41 fixed to the front upper portion of the center rail 4 at the center thereof. As for the damper lever 40, the side surface lower end part is facing the front-end | tip of the spoon 9 after that. The damper head 44 is attached to the upper end of the damper lever 40 via the damper wire 43. The damper head 44 receives a force from a damper spring 42 attached to the damper lever 40 and presses against the string 90.

  A hammer stop rail 55 is provided behind the hammer shank 33, and a damper stop rail 56 is provided behind the damper wire 43. The hammer stop rail 55 and the damper stop rail 56 are respectively bridged and fixed between the brackets present on the left and right sides of the upright piano.

Next, the usage method and operation | movement of this upright piano are demonstrated.
First, a case where the key 1 is in a dormant state will be described (see FIG. 2). When the key 1 is in a resting state, the rear end of the key 1 is at the highest position, and the front end of the key 1 is at the lowest position. The wippen 8 is also at the lowest position.
The protruding end of the pushing-up portion 20 of the jack 18 enters and engages under the pushed-up portion 27 of the bat 25. The jack tail 19 is separated from the regulating button 47. The push-up portion 20 and the jack stop rail 53 are separated.
At this time, the catcher 29 connected to the bat 25 is at the lowest position, and the catcher 29 is away from the back check 15. The hammer shank 33 is in contact with the hammer stop rail 55, and the hammer head 35 and the hammer wood 34 are located farthest from the string 90. The damper head 44 is in pressure contact with the string 90 by the force of the damper spring 42.

Next, a case where the performer presses the key 1 and the rear end portion of the key 1 descends from the resting position to the most depressed position (see FIG. 3) will be described.
When the performer pushes down the key 1, the key 1 rotates in the clockwise direction, and the front end of the key 1 rises. Then, the front end of the key 1 pushes up the heel 11 of the wippen 8 via the capstan button 2, and the wippen 8 is raised while rotating counterclockwise around the wippen frenzy 10.
As soon as the wippen 8 starts rotating, the spoon 9 provided at the rear end of the wippen 8 pushes the lower end of the damper lever 40 forward, and the damper lever 40 rotates in the clockwise direction around the damper flange 41. As a result, the damper head 44 moves away from the string 90. Thereby, the string 90 becomes a state which can vibrate.
As the whippen 8 rotates and rises, the jack 18 rises with the whippen 8. When the jack 18 rises, the upper end of the pushing-up portion 20 of the jack 18 pushes up the pushed-up portion 27 of the bat 25.

  Even after the protruding end of the pushing-up portion 20 pushes up the pushed-up portion 27, the whippen 8 continues to rise and rotate counterclockwise. After the protruding end of the pushing-up portion 20 pushes up the pushed-up portion 27, the jack tail 19 hits the regulating button 47. After that, the Wippen 8 continues to rotate and rise. Then, since the regulating button 47 presses the jack tail 19 from above, the jack 18 rotates in the clockwise direction around the jack flange 12, and the protruding end of the raised portion 20 separates from the lower side of the raised portion 27 rearward. The engagement between the push-up portion 20 and the push-up portion 27 is released. This is called letoff. The push-up portion 20 which has been let off contacts the jack stop rail 53 and stops its rotation.

  The bat 25 starts to rotate in the counterclockwise direction around the butt flange 26 due to a reaction in which the pushed-up portion 27 is pushed up by the raised portion 20 of the jack 18. Accordingly, the hammer 32 connected to the bat 25 rotates in the counterclockwise direction. As the hammer 32 rotates, the hammer head 35 advances toward the string 90. The hammer head 35 hits the string 90. The string 90 emits sound when the hammer felt 36 of the hammer head 35 collides and vibrates.

  After hammerwood 34 strikes string 90, hammer 32 reverses and rotates in a clockwise direction. Then, the catcher 29 is caught by the back check 15 and the hammer 32 stops. At this time, the rear end of the key 1 is most lowered from the resting position, and the front end of the key 1 is most raised from the resting position. Further, the protruding end of the push-up portion 20 is located above the push-up portion 27 and is located on the rear side of the skin 76.

Next, a case where the performer releases the key 1 and the rear end of the key 1 rises from the most depressed position will be described.
When the performer releases the key 1, the key 1 rotates counterclockwise, and the front end of the key 1 starts to descend. When the front end portion of the key 1 is lowered, the whippen 8 is lowered while rotating in the clockwise direction. As soon as the wippen 8 starts to descend, the catcher 29 is separated from the back check 15 and the hammer 32 can be rotated.

When the rear end of the key 1 returns from the most depressed position toward the resting state to some extent, the jack tail 19 only comes into contact with the regulating button 47 and the regulating button 47 presses the jack tail 19 from above. Disappears. Then, in addition to the fact that the counterclockwise force is always applied to the jack 18 from the beginning, the jack spring 13 whose flexure has been increased gives the jack 18 a greater force to rotate counterclockwise. . As a result, the jack 18 returns again below the raised portion 27 of the bat 25.
On the other hand, the hammer 32 and the bat 25 connected thereto rotate clockwise and return to the original position by the force applied to the bat 25 by the bat spring 25A and the force by which the catcher 29 is pulled back by the tension entered in the bridle tape 72. . Before and after the hammer 32 and the bat 25 return to their original positions, the push-up portion 20 of the jack 18 returns under the pushed-up portion 27 of the bat 25 and re-engages them.

When the protruding end of the push-up portion 20 enters under the pushed-up portion 27 and the jack 18 and the bat 25 are engaged, the player presses the key 1 that has been released again, and the push-up portion 20 via the wippen 8 The pushed-up portion 27 can be pushed up.
That is, a sound can be output again by pressing the rear end of the same key 1.

The hammer 32, particularly the hammer head 35, in this embodiment will be described in detail. In addition, although all the hammer heads of the upright piano in this embodiment are the hammer heads 35 described below, at least one of the many hammer heads is a hammer head 35 described below, and the other Although it does not make much sense to make the hammerhead a conventional hammerhead 35, it is possible.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are enlarged perspective views of a portion corresponding to the hammer head 35 of the hammer 32 attached to the action included in the upright piano of this embodiment. A side view and a rear view are shown in FIG.
The hammer head 35 in this embodiment is composed of the hammer wood 34 and the hammer felt 36 as described above.

The hammer wood 34 can be divided into three in the length direction. That is, the front end part 34A, the connection part 34B, and the rear end part 34C. Although these will be described later, the front end portion 34A and the connection portion 34B may have the same configuration as a conventional hammerwood, and the distinction between the front end portion 34A and the connection portion 34B described below is for convenience. It is not necessary to understand their boundaries strictly.
Although not limited to this, the hammerwood 34 in this embodiment is entirely made of wood and is an integral object. Further, although not limited to this, the hammerwood 34 and the hammerhead 35 in this embodiment are configured to be symmetric with respect to a virtual center line that runs in the length direction thereof, that is, symmetrically.

First, the front end portion 34A on the front end side will be described. As described above, the configuration of the front end portion 34A can be the same as that of the conventional hammerhead 35, and this is the case in this embodiment. The front end portion 34A is a portion that gradually decreases in thickness as it advances from there. Further, the width of the front end portion 34A in a plan view is constant. The shape of the longitudinal section of the front end portion 34A is equal to the side surface shape in all the portions in the width direction.
A certain range on the front side of the front end portion 34A is covered with a hammer felt 36 that straddles the upper and lower sides. The hammer felt 36 may be the same as the hammer felt 36 in a conventional hammer. The hammer felt 36 may cover all of the front end portion 34A or may cover the front end portion 34A, but generally covers a predetermined range on the front side of the front end portion 34A.
Although not limited to this, the hammer felt 36 in this embodiment has a two-layer structure of an inner inner hammer felt 36A and an outer outer hammer felt 36B. Both the inner hammer felt 36A and the outer hammer felt 36B are made of felt, but the inner hammer felt 36A has a higher density. The hammer felt 36 may be made of other materials such as leather, and may have a multilayer structure including other materials as in the conventional case. The width of the hammer felt 36 in plan view is equal to the width of the front end portion 34A.

A connection portion 34B is provided on the rear side of the front end portion 34A of the hammerwood 34.
The connecting portion 34 </ b> B is a portion that is connected to the upper end of the hammer shank 33. The hammer shank 33 and the hammer wood 34 are generally fixed by making a hole (not shown) in the hammer wood 34 and bonding the hammer shank 33 with the upper end inserted into the hole. Although not limited thereto, the hammer shank 33 and the hammerwood 34 are fixed in this way in this embodiment.
The connecting portion 34B of the hammerwood 34 preferably has the same width and thickness as the conventional hammerwood connecting portion 34B. When the hammerwood 34 and the hammer shank 33 are fixed as described above, a hole is made in the connecting portion 34B of the hammerwood 34, but in order not to cause a decrease in strength of the hammerwood 34 due to this. It is.
About the lower part of the connection part 34B, it is preferable to provide a plane. This is because if there is a plane below the connecting portion 34B, the angle of the hammerwood 34 relative to the hammer shank 33 can be determined simply by adjusting the mounting angle of the hammer shank 33 with respect to the plane. And the hammer wood 34 of this embodiment is provided with the plane below that. Although not necessarily limited to this, the connection portion 34B of this embodiment is both flat and has an upper surface and a lower surface that are parallel to each other. Although not restricted to this, the upper side and the lower side of the connection part 34B in this embodiment are planes in all the parts.
Moreover, although not limited to this, both side surfaces of the connecting portion 34B are flat surfaces and are parallel to each other. Although not limited to this, both side surfaces of the connecting portion 34B of the hammerwood 34 in this embodiment are flat in all portions.

In principle, the hammer shank 33 fixed to the hammerwood 34 is attached substantially perpendicularly to the lower surface, which is the plane of the connecting portion 34B of the hammerwood 34, in this embodiment. However, the hammer shank 33 is substantially perpendicular to the lower surface of the hammerwood 34 in a side view, but when viewed from the front or the back, the hammer shank 33 is connected to the connecting portion 34B as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. In some cases, it may be tilted relative to the bottom surface. When arranging the hammerwood 34 in the action of the upright piano, the hammer shank 33 may be attached to the hammerwood 34 mainly due to space reasons. That's what you should follow.
In the case of the hammerwood 34 of the grand piano, the hammer shank 33 is usually attached perpendicularly to the lower surface of the connecting portion 34B of the hammerwood 34 in all the hammers 32.

A rear end portion 34C is provided on the rear side of the connecting portion 34B of the hammerwood 34.
The rear end portion 34C is a portion closer to the rear end than the portion to which the hammer shank 33 of the hammerwood 34 is attached. The rear end portion 34C is clearly different from the conventional hammerwood, particularly in its shape.
The rear end portion 34C in this embodiment is within a predetermined range behind it (not limited to this, but in this embodiment, about 2/3 of the rear end portion 34C closer to the rear in the length direction), When viewed in a plan view, the taper is tapered toward the rear end. Both side surfaces in a predetermined range behind the taper when viewed in a plan view may be flat surfaces, but both are curved surfaces, and in this embodiment, they are smooth curved surfaces that swell slightly outward. The both side surfaces that are curved surfaces are not limited to this, but are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the connecting portion 34B in all portions. Both side surfaces that are curved surfaces intersect as a single vertical side at the rear end of the rear end portion 34C. In other words, the hammer wood 34 in this embodiment does not have a rear end surface as provided in the conventional hammer head 35. As a result, the shape of the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 in this embodiment that tapers toward the rear as viewed in plan is a shape such as the cross-sectional shape of an airplane wing when viewed in plan. It is said that.
In this embodiment, the portion tapering toward the rear of the rear end portion 34C is only about 2/3 of the rear end portion 34C closer to the rear in the length direction. For example, a portion from the foremost portion of the rear end portion 34C to the rearmost end portion of the rear end portion 34C may be a portion that tapers toward the rear of the rear end portion 34C. Also, it will be a condition that the strength of the hammerwood 34 is not reduced so much by providing the above-mentioned holes for fixing the hammer shank 33 to the hammerwood 34, but a further earlier part, for example, a connection As the portion from the appropriate position after the portion not covered with the hammer felt 36 in the portion 34B or the front end portion 34A to the rearmost end portion of the rear end portion 34C is moved toward the rear of the rear end portion 34C, It can also be a tapered part.

  Further, the entire lower surface of the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 in this embodiment is not limited to this, but is a flat surface that is flush with the lower surface of the connecting portion 34B. Yes. On the other hand, the entire upper surface of the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 may be a plane parallel to the lower surface of the rear end portion 34C. However, a slight inclination is given to a predetermined range on the rear end side, which decreases toward the rear end. The upper surface of the rear end portion 34C in the portion to which such an inclination is given may be a flat surface but is a smooth curved surface.

The hammer wood 34 having such a shape is less likely to cause turbulence due to air around the rear end of the hammer head 35 when the hammer head 35 including the hammer wood 35 advances toward the string 90. Yes.
As a result, the hammer head 35 can rotate in a trajectory closer to an ideal trajectory within a predetermined plane without meandering when the string 90 is hit. Thereby, the sound of the upright piano by this embodiment becomes good compared with the case of a normal upright piano.
The hammerwood 34 in this embodiment has a width equal to or smaller than the width of the immediately preceding hammerwood at a predetermined portion of the rear end portion 34C as it approaches the rear end, and as it approaches the rear end. Its thickness is the same as or smaller than the thickness of the previous hammerwood. As a result, the hammerwood 34 does not have irregularities that cause turbulent flow in all portions of the rear end portion 34C, and thus the above-described effect is further increased.
The inventor of the present application tried to photograph the state when the key 1 was pressed at an ultra high speed by mounting the hammer head 35 employing the hammer wood 34 described in this embodiment on the upright piano. Then, the effect as described above was confirmed.
In addition, the hammer 32 including the hammer head 35 or the hammer shank 33 of this embodiment, or the combination of the hammer 33 and the bat 25 is the same as that of an existing upright piano already sold or in a store. It is possible to substitute. Further, the hammer 32 including the hammer head 35 or the hammer shank 33 of this embodiment can be replaced with the same component of an existing grand piano. By doing so, the sound of the existing piano can be improved. When applying the hammer 32 to the grand piano, it is of course possible to add a known hammer shank roller to the hammer shank.

The hammerwood 34 in this embodiment, which has a rear end portion 34C different from the conventional hammerwood described above, can be replaced with a modified hammerwood 34 described below. They differ from the above-described hammerwood 34 mainly in the shape of the rear end portion 34C and in some cases only the shape of the connecting portion 34B.
When the hammer head 35 hits the string 90 by them, the effect that it becomes possible to perform a rotational movement in a path closer to an ideal path in a predetermined plane without meandering is as follows. Although it may be slightly inferior to the case of using the hammer head 35 employing the above-described hammer wood 34, it is still in comparison with the case of using a hammer head employing a hammer wood having a rear end portion of a conventional rectangular parallelepiped shape. If it is, it will have a sufficient effect.
Hereinafter, some modified examples of the hammerwood 34 will be described. Unless otherwise specified, the configuration of the hammerwood 34 in the modified example is the same as the hammerwood 34 of the first embodiment.

[Modification 1]
FIG. 6 shows an enlarged view of the connecting portion 34B and the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 of the first modification.
As shown in FIG. 6, similarly to the first embodiment, the hammerwood 34 of the first modification is configured so that the width of the rear end portion 34C gradually becomes narrower toward the rear when viewed in plan. ing.
However, in the case of the hammerwood 34 according to the first modification, a rear end plane 34 </ b> X, which is an elongated rectangular plane that extends in the vertical direction and is orthogonal to the length direction of the hammerwood 34, exists at the rear end. This is similar to the rear end plane existing in the conventional hammerwood, but its area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the section of the hammerwood 34 connected to the hammer shank 33 and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hammerwood 34. Much smaller.
Also in the case of the hammerwood 34 according to the first modification, both side surfaces in a portion where the width gradually decreases toward the rear when viewed in plan are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the connection portion 34B in all portions. Further, in the first modification, both side surfaces of a portion where the width gradually decreases in the rearward direction when viewed in plan are smooth curved surfaces as in the case of the first embodiment. Moreover, in the modification 1, the part which becomes narrow gradually as it goes back in planar view extends to the connection part 34B.
In the plan view of the hammerwood 34 of the first modification, the thickness of the upper surface of the portion that gradually decreases as it goes backward is constant in all the portions. In the case of the first embodiment In FIG. 4, a slight inclination which is given to a predetermined range on the rear end side of the portion and goes down toward the rear end is not given.

[Modification 2]
FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of the connecting portion 34B and the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 of the second modification.
As shown in FIG. 7, similarly to the first embodiment, the hammerwood 34 according to the second modification is also configured so that the width of the rear end portion 34C gradually becomes narrower toward the rear when viewed in plan. ing.
However, in the case of the hammerwood 34 of the second modification, the rear end of the hammerwood 34 is an elongated rectangular plane that is perpendicular to the length direction of the hammerwood 34 and extends in the vertical direction, as in the first modification. An end plane 34X exists. The area of the rear end plane 34X is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hammer wood 34 in the portion connected to the hammer shank 33 of the hammer wood 34.
Also in the case of the hammerwood 34 of the modified example 2, both side surfaces in a portion where the width gradually decreases in the rearward direction when viewed in plan are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the connection portion 34B in all portions. Further, in the second modification, both side surfaces of a portion where the width gradually decreases in the rearward direction when viewed in plan are smooth surfaces but are flat unlike the case of the first embodiment. Moreover, in the modification 2, the part which becomes thin gradually as it goes back in planar view extends to the connection part 34B.
Also in the hammerwood 34 of the modified example 2, when viewed in plan, the predetermined range on the rear end side of the upper surface of the portion where the width gradually decreases toward the rear is the same as in the case of the first embodiment. In addition, a slight inclination is given to the rear end. However, the portion to which this inclination is given is not a curved surface as in the first embodiment, but a flat surface. Further, when the hammerwood 34 of the second modification is viewed in plan, the predetermined range on the rear end side of the lower surface of the portion where the width gradually decreases toward the rear is the same as in the case of the first embodiment. In contrast, it is given a slight slope that rises towards its rear end. In this embodiment, the downward inclination applied to the upper surface of the rear end portion 34C and the upward inclination applied to the lower surface of the rear end portion 34C are vertically symmetric, but this is not necessarily symmetrical. Absent. A similar upward inclination can be given to the lower surface of the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 of the first embodiment.

[Modification 3]
FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of the connecting portion 34B and the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 of the third modification.
As shown in FIG. 8, similarly to the first embodiment, the hammer wood 34 according to the third modified example is gradually viewed as the width of a predetermined range on the rear side of the rear end portion 34C toward the rear in a plan view. It is configured to become thinner.
However, the shape of the predetermined range on the rear side of the rear end portion 34 </ b> C configured such that the width of the hammerwood 34 of the modified example 3 gradually decreases toward the rear is the same as in the case of the first embodiment. to differ greatly.
In the case of the modification 3, the said part is carrying out the cone shape which is a rotary body of the right-angled triangle convex toward the rear end. The conical portion does not reach the connecting portion 34B, but this is not necessarily the case.

[Modification 4]
FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the connecting portion 34B and the rear end portion 34C of the hammerwood 34 of the fourth modification.
As shown in FIG. 9, the hammerwood 34 according to the fourth modified example also has a predetermined range on the rear side of the rear end portion 34 </ b> C in the plan view as in the first embodiment. It is configured to become thinner.
However, the shape of the predetermined range on the rear side of the rear end portion 34 </ b> C configured such that the width of the hammerwood 34 of the modified example 4 gradually decreases toward the rear is the same as in the case of the first embodiment. to differ greatly.
In the case of the modified example 4, the said part is carrying out the convex hemispherical shape toward the rear end. The hemispherical portion does not reach the connecting portion 34B, but this is not necessarily the case.

32 Hammer 33 Hammer Shank 34 Hammerwood 35 Hammer Head 36 Hammer Felt 34A Front End 34B Connection 34C Rear End

Claims (12)

Piano hammerwood,
At the rear end, there is no rear end plane which is a plane orthogonal to the length direction, or even if there is a rear end plane, the cross section orthogonal to the length direction at the portion where it is connected to the hammer shank The cross-sectional area is smaller than
When hammerwood advances toward the string, it is designed to prevent air turbulence from occurring around its rear end.
Hammerwood. In a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank, the width becomes the same as or smaller than the width of the immediately preceding hammerwood as it approaches the rear end, and its thickness increases as it approaches the rear end. Is designed to be the same as or smaller than the thickness of the previous hammerwood,
The hammerwood according to claim 1. The width in a plan view in a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank is designed to become smaller as it approaches the rear end.
The hammerwood according to claim 1. In a portion where the width in plan view becomes smaller as it approaches the rear end, the ratio of the width becoming smaller as it approaches the rear end is increased.
The hammerwood according to claim 3. The shape in a plan view of a predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank is axisymmetric with respect to a virtual center line running in the length direction,
The hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The both side surfaces of the predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank are smooth curved surfaces,
The hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The thickness when viewed from the side of a predetermined part closer to the rear end than the part connected to the hammer shank is designed to become smaller as it approaches the rear end.
The hammerwood according to claim 1. The upper surface of the predetermined portion closer to the rear end than the portion connected to the hammer shank is a smooth curved surface,
The hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Hammer felt covering a predetermined portion closer to the front end than the portion connected to the hammer shank of the hammer wood;
A piano hammer head. Hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Hammer felt covering a predetermined portion closer to the front end than the portion connected to the hammer shank of the hammer wood;
A hammer shank connected to the hammerwood;
A piano hammer. As at least one hammer
Hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Hammer felt covering a predetermined portion closer to the front end than the portion connected to the hammer shank of the hammer wood;
A hammer shank connected to the hammerwood;
Having a piano hammer,
Piano action. As at least one hammer
Hammerwood according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Hammer felt covering a predetermined portion closer to the front end than the portion connected to the hammer shank of the hammer wood;
A hammer shank connected to the hammerwood;
Having a piano hammer,
Piano that contains action.

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